Untitled document
PROXY VOTING ALERT
Released to Shareholders:
February 26, 2013
UNITE HERE
275 Seventh Ave.
New York NY 10001
NOTICE OF INTENDED PROXY CONTEST AT ASHFORD
HOSPITALITY TRUST
To Fellow Ashford Hospitality Trust shareholders:
I. WE INTEND TO SOLICIT PROXIES IN FAVOR OF A
PROPOSAL TO ENSURE THAT ASHFORD'S BOARD CHAIR IS AN
INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
We believe it is in the interest of shareholders of
Ashford, a company dependent on related-party transactions, that
management is overseen by an independent Board Chair.
This proposal would improve the Board's ability to
exercise independent oversight over management tied to these
related parties by requiring an independent Board chair. While
there is a growing consensus in the US that an independent board
chair is a sound business practice, we believe it to be
essential in the case of a company so riddled with related-party
transactions as is Ashford.
Unfortunately, Ashford has recently taken a significant
step backward from a corporate governance perspective, combining
the roles of CEO and Chair in early 2013. Under this structure,
the CEO is effectively overseeing himself. The volume of
related-party transactions at Ashford have increased over the
past two years, and during the same time, an IRS audit of one
such transaction may result in materially-adverse consequences
for shareholders.
We urge you to vote "yes" to increase the level of
oversight over management, and increase management
accountability at Ashford.
There is a growing consensus on the need for a
separate, independent Board Chair:
The percentage of U.S. firms that split the CEO and
chairman positions is rapidly growing, reaching 43% of S&P
500 companies in 2012, up from 25 percent in 2002. At S&P
1500 companies separating the roles of CEO and Chair, over 53%
of Chairs were considered independent of management in 2011, up
2% from 2010, according to a 2012 study by Institutional
Shareholder Service. A majority of Ashford's peers, major US
hotel REITs, have non-executive chairs.
Does the separation of Chair and CEO roles affect
company performance? A 2012 study by research management firm
GMIRatings suggests it might. The study, which examined 180
large-cap firms in North America, found differences in executive
compensation practices and risk profile between companies that
separated the Chair and CEO roles, and those that did not.
Specifically:
*The cost of employing a combined CEO and Chair was 50%
higher than the cost of employing a separate CEO and Chair, and
57% higher than the cost of employing a separate and independent
CEO and Chair.
*Corporations combining the CEO and chair roles
received higher risk ratings by the firm, and were 86% more
likely to register as "Aggressive" or "Very Aggressive" in GMI's
Accounting and Governance Risk model.
*While firms with combined Chair/CEO roles had higher
1-year returns, firms separating the two roles also posted
five-year shareholder returns nearly 28% higher than their
counterparts.
ISS has flagged executive compensation issues at
Ashford, recommending shareholders take an advisory vote against
named executive officers' compensation in May 2012. They note
our CEO's compensation and performance were misaligned; our
CEO's total compensation more than doubled in a year - 3.34
times the median of its peers - while Total Shareholder Return
decreased by 13.4% during the same period.
Combining the role of CEO and Chair represents
significant step backward
Until early this year, our board was chaired by Archie
Bennett, Jr., a director who was neither independent of the
Corporation nor its Chief Executive Officer. He is the father of
Montgomery Bennett, Ashford's CEO. He received a base salary of
$400,000 (a 33.3% pay increase over a two year period) and a
bonus of $340,000 in 2011. Messrs Archie and Montgomery Bennett
are 100% owners of Remington Lodging, the "primary property
manager" for Ashford. As a hotel ownership company, Ashford
depends on the manager it contracts to run its hotels in order
to achieve returns.
In 2009, we proposed an identical resolution for a
separate and independent board chair to Ashford shareholders,
and won the support of 40% of voting shares. The following year,
Ashford appointed an independent lead director.
However, on January 19th, 2013, Ashford took
a significant step backwards. Announcing the retirement of
Archie Bennett as Chair, CEO Monty Bennett announced he was now
Director, Chair and CEO of Ashford. As "Emeritus" Chairman,
Archie Bennett will continue to receive a yearly salary of
$700,000 for the rest of his life, as well as medical, dental,
vision, pension, 401(k), accident, disability and life insurance
and reimbursement for business expense. All of the unvested
equity awards currently held by Mr. Bennett (or entities owned
or controlled by him) have become fully vested.
A non-independent chair is overseeing a company
with significant related party transactions
The Council of Institutional Investors calls dual
Chair/CEO roles "a fundamental conflict of interest." ISS
guidelines stress the importance of the Chair's independence
where a company engages in significant related party
transactions, and Ashford's related party transactions are
indeed significant. Ashford Hospitality is party to an
exclusivity agreement with Remington Lodging:
The exclusivity agreement requires us to engage
Remington Lodging, unless our independent directors either (i)
unanimously vote to hire a different manager or developer, or
(ii) by a majority vote, elect not to engage Remington Lodging
because they have determined that special circumstances exist or
that, based on Remington Lodging's prior performance, another
manager or developer could perform the duties materially better.
As the sole owners of Remington Lodging, which would receive any
development, management, and management termination fees payable
by us under the management agreement, Messrs. Archie and Monty
J. Bennett may influence our decisions to sell, acquire, or
develop hotels when it is not in the best interests of our
shareholders to do so. (2012 Definitive Proxy Statement, p. 49)
Despite appointing an independent lead director in
2010, the company's reliance on related party transactions has
grown. Remington Lodging managed 46.9% of Ashford's legacy hotel
properties in 2011, up from 38.9% in 2008. Management fees to
Remington Lodging have increased from $10.5 million in 2009 to
$13 million in 2011. Further, following the acquisition of 28
hotels from the Highland portfolio in 2011, Remington gained
management contracts for 17 of the properties.
Ashford's independent directors are charged with
reviewing related party transactions. Now that they report to
the CEO, will they become more or less likely to challenge
management contracts awarded to a hotel management company owned
by the CEO and his father?
One of Ashford's related party transactions has
been the subject of an IRS notice of proposed adjustment.
The adjustment may have a material adverse effect on the
company.
In 2010, the IRS audited one of Ashford's taxable REIT
subsidiaries, which owned a controlling stake in two hotels.
(IRS statutes allow hotel REITs to lease their properties to a
taxable subsidiary, which can in turn earn money from hotel
operations, as long as they don't operate the hotel themselves.
However, the lease between the REIT and the subsidiary must
qualify as arm's-length dealing according to the Internal
Revenue Code). As a result of the audit, the IRS issued a notice
of proposed adjustment. While Ashford requested an IRS Appeals
Office Conference, Ashford could be materially adversely
effected should the IRS proposed adjustment prevail:
If the IRS prevails in its proposed adjustment,
however, our taxable REIT subsidiary would owe approximately
$1.1 million of additional U.S. federal income taxes plus
possible additional state income taxes, or we could be subject
to a 100% excise tax on our share of the amount by which the
rent is held to be greater than the arm's-length rate. In
addition, if the IRS were to successfully challenge the terms of
our leases with any of our taxable REIT subsidiaries for 2007
and later years, we or our taxable REIT subsidiaries could owe
additional taxes and we could be required to pay penalty taxes
if the effect of such challenges were to cause us to fail to
meet certain REIT income tests, which could materially adversely
affect us and the value of our securities. (2012 10-K, p. 29)
Related party transactions are integral to Ashford's
operations: the REIT is party to an exclusivity agreement with a
hotel operator 100% owned by the CEO and his father, and by
virtue of its structure, holds lease agreements with
subsidiaries. To serve both the long-term viability of the
Company and the interests of shareholders, we believe Ashford
should ensure the appointment of a separate and independent
Board Chair.
We urge you to vote YES to give our Board greater
oversight over management.
II. SHAREHOLDERS ALSO NEED THE ADDED PROTECTION OF
AN INDEPENDENT CHAIR GIVEN ASHFORD'S CHARTER AND ITS CHOICE TO
INCORPORATE IN MARYLAND
Even though few of Ashford's hotels have ever been
located in Maryland, and its headquarters has been in Texas
since it began,fn1 Ashford chose to incorporate in Maryland
which has some of the worst laws in the country when it comes to
shareholder rights. For example, amending the company's charter
requires a super-majority vote of 2/3 of the outstanding stock
(whereas in Delaware it can be amended by just a majority of the
outstanding stock absent shareholders having adopted some
supermajority requirement by a vote exceeding the margin in such
requirement).fn2 Ashford neglects to mention this supermajority
problem when it admits in its 10-K to some of the other
obstacles posed by Maryland law and its own charter:
Because provisions contained in Maryland law and our charter
may have an anti-takeover effect, investors may be prevented
from receiving a "control premium" for their shares.
Provisions contained in our charter and Maryland general
corporation law may have effects that delay, defer, or prevent a
takeover attempt, which may prevent shareholders from receiving
a "control premium" for their shares. For example, these
provisions may defer or prevent tender offers for our common
stock or purchases of large blocks of our common stock, thereby
limiting the opportunities for our shareholders to receive a
premium for their common stock over then-prevailing market
prices.
- Ownership limit: The ownership limit in our charter
limits related investors, including, among other things, any
voting group, from acquiring over 9.8% of our common stock
without our permission.
- Classification of preferred stock: Our charter authorizes our
Board of Directors to issue preferred stock in one or more
classes and to establish the preferences and rights of any class
of preferred stock issued. These actions can be taken without
soliciting shareholder approval. Our preferred stock issuances
could have the effect of delaying or preventing someone from
taking control of us, even if a change in control were in our
shareholders' best interests.
Furthermore, Maryland statutory law provides that an act of a
director relating to or affecting an acquisition or a potential
acquisition of control of a corporation may not be subject to a
higher duty or greater scrutiny than is applied to any other act
of a director. Hence, directors of a Maryland corporation are
not required to act in takeover situations under the same
standards as apply in Delaware and other corporate jurisdictions.
Other challenges posed by Maryland law for shareholders are that
(1) poisons pills are approved via Maryland statute even in
circumstances where Delaware courts have found them violative of
fiduciary duty;fn3 (2) the officers' and directors' fiduciary
standards are weaker in other respects, and they are indemnified
in a broader range of circumstances;fn4 (3) shareholders must
have assembled support from at least 5% of the outstanding stock
before they are allowed access to the list of shareholders used
to contact them and obtain their support (Delaware and most
states lack any minimum ownership percentage).fn5 These
weaknesses of Maryland law provide further reason for Ashford
shareholders to need the protection of an independent chair.
III. PROXY VOTING INFORMATION:
We intend to solicit votes for the proposal in a few
months using our own proxy card and proxy statement. These
probably cannot be sent you until after you receive a proxy
statement and card from the Company. The Company's proxy card
may not include our proposal.
IF YOU SUPPORT OUR PROPOSAL, DO NOT SEND BACK A PROXY
CARD TO MANAGEMENT UNLESS IT INCLUDES OUR PROPOSAL. WAIT UNTIL
YOU RECEIVE OUR PROXY CARD.
READ OUR PROXY STATEMENT WHEN IT IS AVAILABLE
BECAUSE IT WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION. YOU CAN OBTAIN
THE PROXY STATEMENT AND OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FROM US
(CONTACT INFO BELOW) OR READ THEM ON THE SEC WEBSITE
(www.sec.gov/edgar), BOTH WITHOUT CHARGE.
We intend to solicit at least a majority of the voting
power of the outstanding stock. The Company's annual
shareholders meeting generally occurs the third week of May,
generally at a hotel near the company's headquarters in Dallas,
Texas. Our proposal is a binding resolution that would, if
approved, amend our Company's bylaws.fn6.
IV. PARTICIPANTS IN PROXY SOLICITATION:
This solicitation is conducted by UNITE HERE, which
owns 765 shares of Ashford Hospitality stock and represents
workers at four hotels owned by Ashford for collective
bargaining purposes. There is a long-standing labor dispute at
the Ashford-owned Sheraton Anchorage Hotel in Alaska. We do not
seek your support in labor matters. UNITE HERE will vote each
proxy card it receives in accordance with the shareholder's
instructions. UNITE HERE will not seek any discretionary voting
authority for the shareholders meeting: rather, it will vote
stock solely as directed by the shareholder. UNITE HERE will
bear all solicitation costs (anticipated at $10,000) and will
not seek reimbursement from the Company.
V. MORE INFORMATION ON ASHFORD'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
We incorporate by reference the information on board
members disclosed in Ashford's 2012 Definitive Proxy Statement,
(dated April 10, 2012) as well as its 8-K Form filed December
26, 2012.
VI. TEXT OF OUR PROPOSAL:
RESOLVED, that the following be added to Article III,
Section 10 of Ashford Hospitality Trust's ("Corporation")
Bylaws:
A. The Chairman of the Board shall be a director who is
independent from the Corporation.
B. For purposes of this Bylaw, "independent" has the meaning set
forth in the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") listing
standards.fn7 If the Corporation's common stock is listed on
another exchange and not on the NYSE, such other exchange's
definition of independence shall apply.
C. The Board of Directors shall assess semi-annually whether a
Chairman who was independent at the time he or she was elected
is no longer independent. If the Chairman is no longer
independent, the Board of Directors shall select a new Chairman
who satisfies the requirements of this Bylaw within 60 days of
such assessment.
D. This Bylaw shall apply prospectively, so as not to
violate any contractual obligation of the Corporation in effect
when this Bylaw was adopted. The Board shall terminate any such
contractual obligation as soon as it has the legal right to do
so.
E. Notwithstanding any other Bylaw, the Board may not amend the
above without shareholder ratification.
F. Each of the above provisions is severable.
IT IS FURTHER RESOLVED that if any law bars shareholders from
making the above amendments, then this resolution shall be
deemed a recommendation to the Board.
*
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT Courtney Alexander,
UNITE HERE, at calexander@unitehere.org, or (202)
661-3679.
--------------------
Fn1: As of its most recent 10K, Ashford had 96 hotels
with 20,656 rooms. It had just 3 hotels in MD with a total of
419 rooms, but 16 properties in FL with 3730 rooms, 14
properties in CA with 3404 rooms, 9 properties in Texas with
1936 rooms, 7 properties in VA with 1817 rooms, 7 properties in
GA with 755 rooms, and 4 properties in AZ with 927 rooms.
Fn2: Compare Maryland Code 2-604(e) with Del. Code
section 242(b)(1).
Fn3: Compare Maryland Code 2-201(c) and 2-405.1(d) with Quickturn
Design Sys., Inc. v. Shapiro, 721 A.2d 1281 (Del. 1998).
Ashford does not currently have a poison pill but none is
precluded by its charter or bylaws.
Fn4: Section 2-405.1 (d) states: "Limitations of duty.
-- The duty of the directors of a corporation does not require
them to:
(1) Accept, recommend, or respond on behalf of the
corporation to any proposal by an acquiring person as defined in
section 3-801 of this article; [as one Maryland management
lawyer explains, this means "a director can 'just say no'":
James J. Hanks, Jr., Esq. "Comparison of the Principal
Provisions of the Delaware and Maryland Corporation Statutes"
(Venable LLP 2011) available at venable.com]
(2) Authorize the corporation to redeem any rights
under, modify, or render inapplicable, a stockholder rights
plan;
(3) Elect on behalf of the corporation to be subject
to or refrain from electing on behalf of the corporation to be
subject to any or all of the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8
of this article;
(4) Make a determination under the provisions of Title
3, Subtitle 6 or Subtitle 7 of this article; or
(5) Act or fail to act solely because of:(i) The
effect the act or failure to act may have on an acquisition or
potential acquisition of control of the corporation; or (ii) The
amount or type of any consideration that may be offered or paid
to stockholders in an acquisition."
Attorney Hanks' article also explains the broader
indemnification available under Maryland law than Delaware law
and concludes Maryland "considerably more favorable" to
directors and officers.
Fn5: Compare Del. Code section 220 and Maryland Code
section 2-513.
Fn6: However, if some legal obstacle existed to the
proposal being binding (of which after diligent inquiry of
counsel we are unaware), then the proposal would be a precatory
one.
Fn7: While we don't think shareholders are unaware of
this, out of an abundance of caution we disclose that the NYSE
independence standard declares as non-independent any director
who is an executive of the company or has been one within the
past three years, or has other material business relationships
with the company (please note that none of the current Ashford
board members other than those already discussed in this
statement appear to have such relationships). The full standard
is at <http://nysemanual.nyse.com/lcm>.