Filed pursuant to General Instruction II.L
of Form F-10; File No. 333-137846
The information in this preliminary prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or other jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 5, 2008
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT | ||
(To prospectus dated October 16, 2006) |
US$
% Senior Notes due 2018
TransAlta Corporation
The notes will bear interest at the rate of % per annum. Interest on the notes is payable on and of each year, beginning on , 2008. The interest rate payable on the notes will be subject to adjustments from time to time if the debt ratings assigned to the notes are downgraded (or subsequently upgraded) as discussed under "Description of the NotesInterest Rate Adjustment". The notes will mature on , 2018.
We may redeem some or all of the notes at any time at the redemption price described in this prospectus supplement. We will also have the option to redeem the notes in whole and not in part at 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes plus accrued interest to the date of redemption in the event of certain changes to Canadian withholding tax laws or the enforcement or interpretation thereof.
We will be required to make an offer to repurchase the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of repurchase upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Triggering Event (as defined herein). See "Description of the NotesRepurchase upon Change of Control Triggering Event."
The notes will be direct unsecured obligations and will rank equally and ratably with all of our other unsubordinated and unsecured indebtedness.
Our registered office and principal place of business are located at 110 - 12th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2R 0G7.
Investing in the notes involves risks. See "Risk Factors" in this prospectus supplement beginning on page S-11 and under the heading "Risk Factors" beginning on page 24 of the accompanying prospectus.
|
Per Senior Note |
Total |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Public Offering Price | % | US$ | ||
Underwriting Commission | % | US$ | ||
Proceeds to TransAlta (before expenses) | % | US$ |
The public offering price of the notes will also include accrued interest, if any, from May , 2008 to the date of delivery.
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange or quotation system and consequently there is no market through which these securities may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell securities purchased under this prospectus supplement.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE "SEC") NOR HAS THE SEC PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT OR THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
This offering is made by a foreign issuer that is permitted, under a multi-jurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States, to prepare this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada. Prospective investors should be aware that such requirements are different from those of the United States. Financial statements incorporated herein have been prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles and are subject to Canadian auditing and auditor independence standards, and thus may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies.
Prospective investors should be aware that the acquisition of the securities described in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may have tax consequences both in the United States and Canada. Such consequences for investors who are resident in, or citizens of, the United States may not be described fully in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.
The enforcement by investors of civil liabilities under United States federal securities laws may be affected adversely by the fact that the issuer is incorporated and organized under the laws of Canada, that most of its officers and directors are residents of Canada, that some of the underwriters or experts named in this prospectus supplement are residents of Canada, and that all or a substantial portion of the assets of the issuer and said persons are located outside the United States.
The notes will be ready for delivery in book-entry form only through the facilities of The Depositary Trust Company and its direct and indirect participants on or about May , 2008.
Joint Book-Running Managers
Citi | HSBC |
Lead Manager
Wachovia Securities
Co-Managers
May , 2008
IMPORTANT NOTICE ABOUT INFORMATION IN
THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS
This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement ("Prospectus Supplement"), which describes the specific terms of the senior notes we are offering (the "Notes"). The second part, the base shelf prospectus, gives more general information. The accompanying base shelf prospectus is referred to as the "Prospectus" in this Prospectus Supplement.
Except as set forth under "The Offering" and "Description of the Notes" in this Prospectus Supplement, or "Description of Debt Securities" in the Prospectus, and unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Prospectus Supplement to "TransAlta", the "Corporation", "we", "us" and "our" mean TransAlta Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries including any consolidated partnerships of which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries are partners.
If the description of the Notes varies between this Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus, you should rely on the information in this Prospectus Supplement.
You should rely on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement and contained in the Prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of the Notes in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this Prospectus Supplement.
In this Prospectus Supplement, all capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings provided in the Prospectus. In the Prospectus and this Prospectus Supplement, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, all dollar amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars. "U.S. dollars" or "US$" means the lawful currency of the United States. Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information included and incorporated by reference in the Prospectus and this Prospectus Supplement is determined using Canadian generally accepted accounting principles ("Canadian GAAP"). "U.S. GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The significant differences between Canadian GAAP and U.S. GAAP are summarized in the reconciliations to U.S. GAAP of TransAlta's consolidated annual financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 and of TransAlta's unaudited consolidated interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, which are incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement, copies of which are available on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval ("SEDAR") at www.sedar.com.
S-2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Prospectus Supplement
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION | S-4 | |
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | S-4 | |
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | S-5 | |
THE OFFERING | S-7 | |
THE CORPORATION | S-10 | |
RISK FACTORS | S-11 | |
USE OF PROCEEDS | S-14 | |
CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION | S-14 | |
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA | S-15 | |
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES | S-19 | |
EARNINGS COVERAGE | S-27 | |
CREDIT RATINGS | S-27 | |
CERTAIN INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS | S-28 | |
UNDERWRITING | S-31 | |
LEGAL MATTERS | S-32 | |
CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP | S-33 |
Prospectus
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS | 2 | |
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | 3 | |
CERTAIN AVAILABLE INFORMATION | 4 | |
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 4 | |
THE CORPORATION | 5 | |
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS | 5 | |
USE OF PROCEEDS | 5 | |
CHANGES IN CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION | 6 | |
INTEREST COVERAGE RATIOS | 7 | |
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL | 7 | |
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES | 10 | |
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS | 22 | |
CERTAIN INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS | 23 | |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 24 | |
RISK FACTORS | 24 | |
BUSINESS OF THE CORPORATION | 30 | |
LEGAL MATTERS | 34 | |
DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT | 34 | |
ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES | 34 |
S-3
The following table sets forth certain exchange rates based on the noon buying rate for cable transfers payable in Canadian dollars as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the "noon buying rate"). These rates are set forth as U.S. dollars per $1.00 and are the inverse of rates quoted by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for Canadian dollars per US$1.00. On May 5, 2008, the inverse of the noon buying rate was US$0.9877 equals $1.00.
|
Three months ended March 31, |
Year ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
||||||||||
High for period | US$ | 1.0291 | US$ | 0.8673 | US$ | 1.0908 | US$ | 0.9100 | US$ | 0.8690 | |||||
Low for period | US$ | 0.9714 | US$ | 0.8437 | US$ | 0.8437 | US$ | 0.8528 | US$ | 0.7872 | |||||
Rate at end of period | US$ | 0.9732 | US$ | 0.8673 | US$ | 1.0120 | US$ | 0.8582 | US$ | 0.8579 | |||||
Average rate for the period(1) | US$ | 0.9974 | US$ | 0.8567 | US$ | 0.9419 | US$ | 0.8850 | US$ | 0.8282 |
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus contain both historical and forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "U.S. Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "U.S. Exchange Act"). These forward-looking statements are not facts, but only predictions and generally can be identified by the use of statements that include phrases such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "foresee" or other words or phrases of similar import. Similarly, statements that describe the Corporation's objectives, plans or goals also are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated. Certain factors that could materially affect these forward-looking statements are described below and can be found in this Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus, including under the heading "Risk Factors" in the Prospectus. Potential investors and other readers are urged to consider these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included in this document are made only as of the date of this Prospectus Supplement and the Corporation does not undertake to publicly update these forward-looking statements to reflect new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events might or might not occur. The Corporation cannot assure you that projected results or events will be achieved.
Factors that may adversely impact the Corporation's forward looking statements include risks relating to: (i) fluctuations in market prices and availability of fuel supplies required to generate electricity and in the price of electricity; (ii) the regulatory and political environments in the jurisdictions in which the Corporation operates; (iii) environmental requirements and changes in, or liabilities under, these requirements; (iv) changes in general economic conditions; (v) operational risks involving the Corporation's facilities, including unplanned outages at such facilities; (vi) disruptions in the transmission and distribution of electricity; (vii) trading risks; (viii) fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies; (ix) foreign political risks; (x) need for additional financing; (xi) liquidity risk; (xii) interest rate exposure; (xiii) counterparty credit risk; (xiv) insurance risk; (xv) income taxes; (xvi) the Corporation's provision for income taxes; (xvii) legal proceedings involving the Corporation; (xviii) reliance on key personnel; (xix) labour relations matters; and (xvi) the corporate structure under which the Corporation conducts a significant portion of its business requires reliance on its
S-4
subsidiaries. The foregoing risk factors, among others, including risks relating to the nature of the Notes, are described in further detail under the heading "Risk Factors" in this Prospectus Supplement and under the heading "Risk Factors" in the Prospectus.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
This Prospectus Supplement is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Prospectus solely for the purposes of the offering of the Notes. The following documents of the Corporation filed with the Alberta Securities Commission and with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), are specifically incorporated by reference in, and form an integral part of, this Prospectus Supplement provided that such documents are not incorporated by reference to the extent that their contents are modified or superseded by a statement contained in this Prospectus Supplement or in any other subsequently filed document that is also incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement:
Any documents of the type required to be incorporated by reference in a short form prospectus pursuant to National Instrument 44-101Short Form Prospectus Distributions ("NI 44-101") of the Canadian Securities Administrators, including any annual information form, comparative annual financial statements and the auditors' report thereon, comparative interim financial statements, management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, material change report (other than confidential material change reports), business acquisition report and information circular, subsequently filed by the Corporation with the Alberta Securities Commission after the date of this Prospectus Supplement and prior to the termination of the offering of the Notes shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus. These documents are available through the internet on SEDAR which can be accessed at www.sedar.com. In addition, any similar documents filed on Form 6-K or Form 40-F by the Corporation with the SEC after the date of this Prospectus Supplement and prior to the completion of the offering of the Notes shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus, unless expressly provided otherwise in such report. The Corporation's reports on Forms 6-K and 40-F are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Any statement contained in the Prospectus, in this Prospectus Supplement or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Prospectus for the purpose of the
S-5
offering of the Notes shall be deemed to be modified or superseded, for the purposes of this Prospectus Supplement, to the extent that a statement contained in this Prospectus Supplement or in any other subsequently filed document that also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Prospectus modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute part of this Prospectus Supplement.
Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference (other than exhibits to such documents, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents) may be obtained on request without charge from the Corporate Secretary of TransAlta, 110 - 12th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2R 0G7, Telephone (403) 267-7110.
The Corporation is subject to the information requirements of the U.S. Exchange Act, and in accordance therewith files reports and other information with the SEC. Under the multi-jurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States and Canada, such reports and other information, subject to certain exceptions, may be prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada, which requirements are different from those of the United States. The Corporation is exempt from the rules under the U.S. Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and its officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the U.S. Exchange Act. Under the U.S. Exchange Act, the Corporation is not required to publish financial statements as promptly as United States companies. Copies of such reports and other information may be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 at prescribed rates.
S-6
The following is a brief summary of some of the terms of this offering. For a more complete description of the terms of the Notes, see "Description of the Notes" in this Prospectus Supplement and "Description of Debt Securities" in the Prospectus.
Issuer: |
TransAlta Corporation. |
|
Notes Offered: |
US$ aggregate principal amount of % Senior Notes due 2018. |
|
Interest Rate: |
The Notes will bear interest at the rate of % per annum from , 2008 or from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or provided for. |
|
Interest Rate Adjustment: |
The interest rate payable on the Notes will be subject to adjustments from time to time if either Moody's Investors Service Inc. ("Moody's") or Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of McGraw-Hill, Inc. downgrades (or subsequently upgrades) the debt rating assigned to the Notes. See "Description of the NotesInterest Rate Adjustment." |
|
Interest Payment Dates: |
and of each year, commencing , 2008. |
|
Maturity Date: |
, 2018. |
|
Ranking: |
The Notes will be direct unsecured obligations of the Corporation and will rank equally and ratably with all other unsubordinated and unsecured indebtedness of the Corporation. The Notes will be effectively subordinate to all indebtedness and other liabilities of the Corporation's subsidiaries, except to the extent the Corporation is a creditor of such subsidiaries ranking at least pari passu with such other creditors. As at March 31, 2008, the Corporation's subsidiaries had approximately $556 million of long-term debt outstanding (excluding intercompany indebtedness). |
|
Use of Proceeds: |
The net proceeds to the Corporation from this offering are estimated to be approximately US$ million after deduction of estimated expenses of the offering and the underwriting commission. The net proceeds received by the Corporation from the sale of the Notes will be used for the repayment of indebtedness, the financing of the Corporation's long term investment plan and for general corporate purposes. Pending such application, the net proceeds may be invested in short term securities. |
|
Sinking Fund: |
None. |
|
Optional and Tax Redemption: |
The Corporation may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at any time, at the "make-whole" price described in this Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the NotesOptional Redemption" in this Prospectus Supplement. |
|
The Corporation may also redeem all of the Notes in whole, but not in part, at the redemption price described in this Prospectus Supplement at any time in the event certain changes affecting Canadian withholding taxes occur. See "Description of the NotesTax Redemption" in this Prospectus Supplement. |
S-7
Change of Control: |
The Corporation will be required to make an offer to repurchase the Notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of repurchase upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Triggering Event. See "Description of the NotesRepurchase upon Change of Control Triggering Event." |
|
Certain Covenants: |
The indenture pursuant to which the Notes will be issued contains certain covenants that, among other things, limit: |
|
the ability of the Corporation and its subsidiaries to create liens; |
||
the ability of the Corporation to enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and |
||
the ability of the Corporation to merge, amalgamate or consolidate with, or sell all or substantially all of its assets to, any other person. |
||
See "Description of Debt SecuritiesCovenants" in the Prospectus. These covenants are subject to important exceptions and qualifications which are described under the caption "Description of Debt Securities" in the Prospectus. |
||
Credit Ratings: |
As of the date hereof, the Corporation's senior unsecured long-term debt is rated BBB (stable) by S&P and Baa2 (stable) by Moody's. The ratings for debt instruments range from a high of AAA to a low of D in the case of S&P and from a high of Aaa to a low of C in the case of Moody's. |
|
Credit ratings are intended to provide investors with an independent measure of credit quality of an issue of securities. The credit ratings accorded to the Corporation's outstanding securities by S&P and Moody's, as applicable, are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell such securities inasmuch as such ratings do not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. There is no assurance that the ratings will remain in effect for any given period or that a rating will not be revised or withdrawn entirely by S&P and/or Moody's in the future if, in its judgement, circumstances so warrant. |
||
Additional Amounts: |
Any payments made by the Corporation with respect to the Notes will be made without withholding or deduction for Canadian taxes unless required to be withheld or deducted by law or by the interpretation or administration thereof. Subject to the exceptions and limitations set forth in the Prospectus, if the Corporation is required to withhold or deduct for Canadian taxes with respect to a payment to the holders of Notes, the Corporation will pay to any holder of Notes that is a non-resident of Canada under the Income Tax Act (Canada), such additional amounts as may be necessary so that every net payment on the Notes after such withholding or deduction will not be less than the amount provided in the Notes to be then due and payable. See "Description of Debt SecuritiesPayment of Additional Amounts" in the Prospectus. |
S-8
Form: |
The Notes will be represented by one or more fully registered global notes deposited in book-entry form with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, and registered in the name of its nominee. See "Description of the NotesBook-Entry System" in this Prospectus Supplement. Except as described under "Description of the Notes" in this Prospectus Supplement and "Description of Debt Securities" in the Prospectus, Notes in certificated form will not be issued. |
|
Governing Law: |
The Notes and the indenture governing the Notes will be governed by the laws of the State of New York. |
|
Risk Factors: |
Investing in the Notes involves risks. See "Risk Factors" in this prospectus supplement beginning on page S-11 and under the heading "Risk Factors" beginning on page 24 of the accompanying prospectus. |
S-9
TransAlta Corporation is a corporation amalgamated under the Canada Business Corporations Act. The registered office and principal place of business of TransAlta are at 110 - 12th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2R 0G7.
Business of TransAlta
TransAlta and its predecessors have been engaged in the production and sale of electric energy since 1911. The Corporation is among Canada's largest non-regulated wholesale electricity generation and energy marketing companies with an aggregate net ownership interest as at March 31, 2008 of approximately 8,488 megawatts ("MW") of electrical generating capacity in facilities having approximately 10,209 MW of aggregate gross electrical generating capacity(1). The Corporation is focused on generating electricity in Canada, the United States and Australia through its diversified portfolio of facilities fuelled by coal, gas, hydro, wind and geothermal resources. The following is a brief overview of the Corporation's principal facilities.
In Canada, the Corporation holds a net ownership interest of approximately 5,634 MW of electrical generating capacity in thermal, gas-fired, wind-powered and hydroelectric facilities, including 4,937 MW in Alberta and 697 MW in Ontario.
In the United States, the Corporation's principal facilities include a 1,404 MW thermal facility and a 248 MW gas-fired facility, both located in Centralia, Washington, which supply electricity to the Pacific northwest. The Corporation holds a 50 per cent interest in CE Generation LLC ("CE Generation"), resulting in an aggregate net ownership interest of approximately 385 MW of geothermal and gas fired electrical generating capacity in facilities in California, Texas, Arizona and New York. The Corporation also has 6 MW of electrical generating capacity through gas-fired and hydroelectric facilities located in Washington and Hawaii.
The Corporation also has 300 MW of net electrical generating capacity in Australia.
In Mexico, the Corporation owns two facilities with a combined capacity of 511 MW. On February 20, 2008, the Corporation announced it had signed a purchase and sale agreement with Intergen Global Ventures B.V. ("Intergen") pursuant to which Intergen has agreed to acquire the Corporation's facilities in Mexico for aggregate consideration of US$303.5 million in cash, subject to regulatory approvals and other customary conditions.
The Corporation regularly reviews its operations in order to optimize its generating assets and evaluates appropriate growth opportunities. The Corporation has in the past and may in the future make changes and additions to its fleet of coal, gas, hydro, wind and geothermal fuelled facilities.
The Corporation is organized into two business segments: Generation and Commercial Operations and Development. The Generation group is responsible for constructing, operating and maintaining electricity generation facilities. The Commercial Operations and Development group is responsible for managing the sale of production, purchases of natural gas, transmission capacity and market risks associated with the Corporation's generation assets and for non asset backed trading activities. Both segments are supported by a corporate group which includes finance, treasury, legal, human resources and other administrative functions. The corporate group is also responsible for the Corporation's sustainable development initiatives, including investments in renewable energy resources.
S-10
Prospective purchasers of Notes should consider carefully the risk factors set forth below as well as the other information contained in and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus, including subsequently filed documents incorporated by reference herein or therein.
Prospective purchasers of Notes should read the discussion of certain risks affecting the Corporation in connection with its business that is provided under the heading "Risk Factors and Risk Management" in the Corporation's management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007, which is incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement.
Risk Factors Relating to the Notes
There is no public market for the Notes.
There is no public market for the Notes and the Corporation does not intend to apply for listing of the Notes on any securities exchange. If the Notes are traded after their initial issue, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering prices, depending on prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities and other factors, including general economic conditions and the Corporation's financial condition. There can be no assurance as to the liquidity of the trading market for the Notes or that a trading market for the Notes will develop.
The market value of the Notes will vary with prevailing interest rates.
Prevailing interest rates will affect the market price or value of the Notes. Assuming all other factors remain unchanged, the market price or value of the Notes may decline as prevailing interest rates for comparable debt instruments rise, and increase as prevailing interest rates for comparable debt securities decline.
The Notes are unsecured obligations of the Corporation.
The Notes will be direct unsecured obligations of the Corporation ranking equally and pari passu, except as to sinking fund or analogous provisions, with all other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the Corporation. The Notes will be effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured debt of the Corporation, to the extent of the assets securing such debt. If the Corporation is involved in any bankruptcy, dissolution, liquidation or reorganization, the secured debt holders would be paid before the holders of Notes receive any amounts due under the Notes to the extent of the value of the assets securing the secured debt. In that event, a holder of Notes may not be able to recover any principal or interest due to it under the Notes.
The Corporation may not have the ability to finance the change of control offer required by the indenture governing the Notes.
The Corporation will be required to make an offer to repurchase the Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount, together with any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of the repurchase upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Triggering Event. Failure to purchase, or to make an offer to repurchase, the Notes would be a default under the indenture governing the Notes, which would also be a default under certain instruments governing the Corporation's existing indebtedness. See "Description of the NotesRepurchase upon Change of Control Triggering Event."
If a Change of Control Triggering Event occurs, it is possible that the Corporation may not have sufficient funds available at the time of the Change of Control Triggering Event to make the required repurchase of Notes or to satisfy all obligations under the Corporation's other debt instruments. In order to satisfy its obligations, the Corporation could seek to refinance its indebtedness or obtain a
S-11
waiver from its other lenders or from the holders of the Notes. There can be no assurance that the Corporation would be able to obtain a waiver or refinance its indebtedness on terms acceptable to it, if at all.
The interest rate adjustment provisions of the Notes may not fully protect holders of Notes from a deterioration in the credit ratings assigned to the Notes.
As described under "Description of the NotesInterest Rate Adjustment," the Corporation will increase the interest rate payable on the Notes upon the occurrence of certain events relating to the credit ratings assigned to the Notes. While this provision is intended to compensate holders of Notes for a deterioration in the credit ratings assigned to the Notes, the interest rate adjustment may not fully protect holders of Notes upon the occurrence of events or transactions which would result in a deterioration of the credit ratings assigned to the Notes. Any such deterioration of the credit ratings assigned to the Notes or to the Corporation's credit ratings in general could adversely impact the trading prices of, and the liquidity of the market for, the Notes and could also adversely affect the Corporation's cost of borrowing, limit the Corporation's access to the capital markets or result in more restrictive covenants in indentures or other loan agreements governing the terms of any future indebtedness that the Corporation may incur.
Risk Factors Relating to the Corporation
Our operations are subject to stringent environmental laws and regulations, and changes in these requirements, including related to efforts to control climate change matters, could materially adversely affect our business.
The Corporation's operations are subject to extensive Canadian, U.S. and other federal, provincial, state and local environmental laws and regulations relating to the generation and transmission of electrical and thermal energy and surface mining (collectively, "environmental legislation"). Environmental legislation can impose, among other things, restrictions, liabilities and obligations in connection with the generation, handling, use, storage, transport, treatment and disposal of hazardous substances and waste in connection with spills, releases and emissions of various substances to the environment. Environmental legislation can also require that facilities and other properties associated with the Corporation's operations be operated, maintained, abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory authorities. In addition, there is an increasing level of environmental legislation regarding the use, treatment and discharge of water.
To comply with environmental legislation, the Corporation must incur material capital and operating expenditures relating to environmental monitoring, pollution control equipment, emission fees and other compliance activities. The Corporation expects to continue to have environmental expenditures in the future. Stricter standards, greater regulation, increased enforcement by regulatory authorities, more extensive permitting requirements, an increase in the number and types of assets operated by the Corporation subject to environmental legislation and the implementation of national or international climate change policy, including the international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions (or equivalent country specific requirements) could increase the amount of these expenditures. To the extent these expenditures cannot be passed through to our customers they could be material. In addition, compliance with environmental legislation might result in restrictions on some of the Corporation's operations. If the Corporation does not comply with environmental legislation, regulatory agencies could seek to impose civil, administrative and/or criminal liabilities on the Corporation, as well as seek to curtail its operations. Under certain environmental legislation, private parties could also seek to impose civil fines or liabilities for property damage, personal injury and other costs. The Corporation cannot guarantee that lawsuits or administrative actions will not be commenced against it or which may otherwise affect its operations and assets. If an action is filed against the Corporation or which may otherwise affect its operations and assets, the Corporation could be required
S-12
to make substantial expenditures to bring the Corporation, its operations and assets into compliance and could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
Recent federal, provincial, state and local regulatory efforts have focused on climate change-related matters. In 2002, Canada ratified the Kyoto Protocol, an international protocol which seeks to reduce global carbon dioxide and other GHG emissions. In late April 2007, the Canadian Federal Government announced its regulatory framework that outlines its clean air and climate change action plan, including a target to reduce GHG and other air pollutant emissions and a commitment to regulate industry on an emissions intensity basis in the short-term. On March 10, 2008, the targets in the regulatory framework were confirmed and additional details of pending federal GHG regulations, including the details of the tradable compliance mechanisms and the establishment of a domestic carbon trading market, were announced. The Canadian Federal Government's plan calls for an 18 per cent reduction in GHG emission intensity starting in 2010, increasing to a 20 per cent absolute reduction requirement by 2020. The proposed legislation also calls for a reduction in air pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide, mercury, and particulates starting in the 2012 to 2015 period. Proposed reduction caps range from 45 per cent to 60 per cent. A number of material details in the federal plan are still to be determined, including its interaction with provincial programs, which are required to enable the Corporation to make a reasonable determination of future compliance costs.
On July 1, 2007 the Specified Gas Emitters Regulation came into force under Alberta's Climate Change and Emissions Management Amendment Act requiring Alberta facilities which emit more than 100,000 tonnes of GHGs annually to reduce their GHG emissions intensity by 12% (from average 2003 to 2005 levels). The companies that operate these facilities have a number of options to allow them to comply with this requirement, including making operating improvements, buying offsets to apply against their emission total or making contributions at $15 per tonne to a new Alberta Technology Fund that will invest in technology to reduce GHG emissions in the province. In addition, mercury emission reduction standards in Alberta will require a 70 per cent reduction by 2010. As these programs are under development, the Corporation is unable to predict the total impact of the regulations on its business.
Although the United States has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol, it is participating in international discussions that are underway to develop a treaty to require reductions in GHG emissions after the expiration of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012. The United States has yet to adopt a federal program for controlling GHG emissions. However, Congress is considering a variety of climate changed legislative proposals and the U.S. Supreme Court held in 2007 that the Environmental Protection Agency has authority under the Clean Air Act to regulate GHG emissions. Although it is appearing more likely that the United State will adopt federal climate change regulation, the Corporation is unable to predict the total impact of any such future regulation on its business.
In addition, many states have adopted measures, sometimes as part of a regional collaboration, to reduce GHG emissions generated within their own jurisdiction. Washington state passed House Bill 2815 on March 13, 2008 to establish a framework for GHG reductions. The Bill confirmed the state Governor's earlier target of reducing overall emissions of GHGs to 1990 levels by the year 2020. It also directs the state Department of Ecology to recommend, by December 1, 2008, a regional market-based emissions management system. This recommendation is to be done in coordination with a coalition of seven western states and two provinces, known as the Western Climate Initiative, which are striving to develop a regional cap and trade system for carbon for implementation by 2012. At this point, it is not clear how and to what extent the Corporation's Washington state based operations will be affected by this bill or by similar state and federal mercury reduction requirements.
To the extent any of the foregoing programs or future programs, when finalized, require the Corporation to incur costs that cannot be passed through to our customers under power purchase
S-13
agreements or otherwise, the costs could be material and have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
For further information regarding the impact of environmental regulation on the Corporation and its business, see "Environmental Risk Management" in the Corporation's annual information form for the year ended December 31, 2007 and "Climate Change and the Environment" in the Corporation's management's discussion and analysis for the three months ended March 31, 2008, each of which is incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement.
The net proceeds to the Corporation from this offering are estimated to be approximately US$ million after deduction of estimated expenses of the offering and the underwriting commission. The net proceeds received by the Corporation from the sale of the Notes will be used for the repayment of indebtedness, the financing of the Corporation's long term investment plan and for general corporate purposes. Pending such application, the net proceeds may be invested in short term securities.
The following table sets forth the Corporation's consolidated capitalization as at March 31, 2008 on an actual basis and as adjusted to give effect to this offering and to the application of the net proceeds as described under the heading "Use of Proceeds". This table has been prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Corporation's consolidated interim financial statements as at and for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 which are incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement. For the purposes of the following table, U.S. dollar amounts have been converted to Canadian dollars at an exchange rate of US$0.98222 equals $1.00.
|
As at March 31, 2008 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual |
As adjusted |
||||||
|
(in millions) |
|||||||
Short-term debt including current portion current portion of long-term debt(1) | $ | 739 | $ | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | (58 | ) | (58 | ) | ||||
Long-term debt: |
||||||||
Recourse(2) | 1,520 | |||||||
Non-recourse(3) | 218 | 218 | ||||||
Non-controlling interests(4) | 495 | 495 | ||||||
Common shareholders' equity: | ||||||||
Common shares | 1,775 | 1,775 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 699 | 699 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (385 | ) | (385 | ) | ||||
Total common shareholders' equity | 2,089 | 2,089 | ||||||
Total capitalization | $ | 5,003 | $ | |||||
S-14
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected consolidated financial data as at and for each of the two years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 have been derived from the Corporation's annual consolidated financial statements which are incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement. The Corporation's selected consolidated financial data as at and for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 has been derived from its interim consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement. The interim financial results reflect all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the results. Historical and interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.
The Corporation's consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. The significant differences between Canadian GAAP and U.S. GAAP are summarized in the reconciliations to U.S. GAAP of TransAlta's consolidated annual financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 and of TransAlta's unaudited consolidated interim financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, which are incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement, copies of which are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the Corporation's annual consolidated financial statements and interim consolidated financial statements, and the notes thereto, and management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations related thereto, all of which are incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement. Amounts in the tables below and notes thereto may not add due to rounding.
S-15
|
Year ended December 31, |
Three months ended March 31, |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006(1) |
2007 |
2007(2) |
2008 |
|||||||||
|
(in millions) |
||||||||||||
|
(Restated) |
|
(Restated) |
|
|||||||||
Income Statement Items: | |||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 2,678 | $ | 2,775 | $ | 699 | $ | 803 | |||||
Fuel and purchased power | (1,186 | ) | (1,231 | ) | (291 | ) | (370 | ) | |||||
Gross margin | 1,491 | 1,544 | $ | 378 | $ | 433 | |||||||
Operations, maintenance and administration | 581 | 577 | 135 | 135 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 410 | 406 | 99 | 104 | |||||||||
Taxes, other than income taxes | 21 | 20 | 6 | 5 | |||||||||
Operating Expenses | 1,013 | 1,003 | 240 | 244 | |||||||||
Mine closure charges | 192 | | | | |||||||||
Asset impairment charges | 130 | | | | |||||||||
Operating Income | 157 | 541 | 138 | 189 | |||||||||
Foreign exchange gains/(losses) | (1 | ) | 3 | | (1 | ) | |||||||
Gain on sale of equipment | | 16 | | 5 | |||||||||
Net interest expense | (169 | ) | (133 | ) | (37 | ) | (33 | ) | |||||
Equity loss | (17 | ) | (50 | ) | (9 | ) | (97 | ) | |||||
Earnings (loss) before non-controlling interests and income taxes | (29 | ) | $ | 377 | $ | 92 | $ | 63 | |||||
Non-controlling interests | 52 | 48 | 16 | 16 | |||||||||
Earnings (loss) before income taxes | 81 | 329 | 76 | 47 | |||||||||
Income tax expense (recovery) | (126 | ) | 20 | 20 | 14 | ||||||||
Earnings from continuing operations | $ | 45 | $ | 309 | $ | 56 | $ | 33 | |||||
Net earnings | $ | 45 | $ | 309 | $ | 56 | $ | 33 | |||||
Net earnings per share (basic and diluted) | $ | 0.22 | $ | 1.53 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.17 |
|
As at December 31, |
Three months ended March 31, |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006(1) |
2007 |
2007(2) |
2008 |
|||||||||
|
(in millions) |
||||||||||||
|
(Restated) |
|
(Restated) |
|
|||||||||
Balance Sheet Items: | |||||||||||||
Current assets | $ | 897 | $ | 819 | $ | 725 | $ | 891 | |||||
Property, plant and equipment | 5,042 | 5,117 | 4,995 | 5,258 | |||||||||
Total assets | 7,460 | 7,179 | 7,253 | 7,222 | |||||||||
Current liabilities | 1,403 | 1,503 | 1,237 | 1,702 | |||||||||
Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||
Recourse | 1,682 | 1,496 | 1,688 | 1,520 | |||||||||
Non-recourse | 290 | 209 | 280 | 218 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | 5,032 | 4,880 | 5,065 | 5,133 | |||||||||
Total shareholders' equity | 2,428 | 2,299 | 2,188 | 2,089 | |||||||||
Cash Flow Statement Items: |
|||||||||||||
Cash flow from operating activities before change in non-cash operating working capital balances(3) | $ | 679 | $ | 782 | $ | 198 | $ | 233 | |||||
Capital expenditures | 224 | 599 | 54 | 150 |
S-16
Key Ratios: |
|||||||||||||
Cash flow to interest(3)(4) | 5.0 x | 6.6 x | 6.3 x | 7.2 x | |||||||||
Cash flow to average total debt(3)(5) | 26.1% | 30.7% | 26.1% | 32.4% | |||||||||
Net debt to invested capital(6) | 44.5% | 46.8% | 47.8% | 48.4% |
|
Year ended December 31, |
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006(1) |
2007 |
2007(2) |
2008 |
||||||||
|
(Restated) |
|
(Restated) |
|
||||||||
Cash flow from operating activities before change in non-cash operating working capital balance | $ | 679 | $ | 782 | $ | 198 | $ | 233 | ||||
Change in non-cash operating working capital | (189 | ) | 66 | 133 | 4 | |||||||
Cash flow from operating activities | $ | 490 | $ | 847 | $ | 331 | $ | 237 | ||||
Gross interest expense reflects the Corporation's net interest expense plus capitalized interest. Gross interest expense should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net interest expense as determined in accordance with Canadian GAAP. Gross interest expense may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
S-17
Gross interest expense has been calculated on a consistent basis for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 and is reconciled, as required by Regulation G, to net interest expense below.
|
Year ended December 31, |
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006(1) |
2007 |
2007(2) |
2008 |
||||||||
|
(Restated) |
|
(Restated) |
|
||||||||
Net interest expense | $ | 169 | $ | 133 | $ | 37 | $ | 33 | ||||
Capitalized interest | | 6 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||
Gross interest expense | $ | 169 | $ | 139 | $ | 38 | $ | 37 | ||||
Cash flow from operating activities divided by gross interest expense | 5.0x | 6.6x | 6.3x | 7.2x |
Average of total debt is calculated using the opening and closing total debt as of each twelve month period presented. Total debt reflects the Corporation's short-term and long-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt. Average total debt and total debt should not be considered alternatives to, or more meaningful than, short-term debt, long-term debt or current portion of long-term debt as determined in accordance with Canadian GAAP as an indicator of the Corporation's liquidity. Average of total debt and total debt may not be comparable to similarily titled measures reported by other companies.
Average of total debt and total debt have been calculated on a consistent basis for and as at the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for and as at the twelve months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. Total debt is reconciled, as required by Regulation G, to long-term debt below.
|
As at December 31, |
Twelve months ended March 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006(1) |
2007 |
2007(2) |
2008 |
||||||||
|
(Restated) |
|
(Restated) |
|
||||||||
Total debt | $ | 2,583 | $ | 2,510 | $ | 2,568 | $ | 2,477 | ||||
Short-term debt | 362 | 651 | 349 | 586 | ||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 250 | 154 | 250 | 153 | ||||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 1,971 | $ | 1,706 | $ | 1,968 | $ | 1,738 | ||||
Average of total debt | $ | 2,600 | $ | 2,546 | $ | 2,530 | $ | 2,522 | ||||
Cash flow from operating activities for the twelve months ended divided by average of total debt | 26.1% | 30.7% | 26.1% | 32.4% |
Net debt is calculated as the Corporation's total debt less cash and cash equivalents for the periods presented. Net debt should not be considered an alternative to, or more meaningful than, long-term debt as determined in accordance with Canadian GAAP as an indicator of the Corporation's liquidity. Net debt may not be comparable to similarily titled measures reported by other companies.
S-18
Net debt has been calculated on a consistent basis as at December 31, 2007 and 2006 and March 31, 2008 and 2007 and is reconciled, as required by Regulation G, to long-term debt below.
|
As at December 31, |
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006(1) |
2007 |
2007(2) |
2008 |
||||||||
|
(Restated) |
|
(Restated) |
|
||||||||
Net debt | $ | 2,517 | $ | 2,459 | $ | 2,489 | $ | 2,419 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 66 | 51 | 79 | 58 | ||||||||
Short-term debt | 362 | 651 | 349 | 586 | ||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 250 | 154 | 250 | 153 | ||||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 1,971 | $ | 1,706 | $ | 1,968 | $ | 1,738 | ||||
Net debt divided by the sum of net debt, non-controlling interests, preferred securities and common shareholders' equity | 44.5% | 46.8% | 47.8% | 48.4% |
The following description of the terms of the Notes supplements, and to the extent inconsistent therewith replaces, the description set forth under the heading "Description of Debt Securities" in the Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with such description. In this section, "Corporation" refers only to TransAlta Corporation without any of its subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated. All capitalized terms used under this heading "Description of the Notes" and not otherwise defined herein have the meanings provided for in the Prospectus.
General
The Notes will be direct unsecured obligations of the Corporation and will rank equally and ratably with all other unsubordinated and unsecured indebtedness of the Corporation.
Payment of the principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes will be made in U.S. dollars.
The provisions of the Indenture relating to the payment of additional amounts in respect of Canadian withholding taxes in certain circumstances (described under the heading "Description of Debt SecuritiesPayment of Additional Amounts" in the Prospectus) and the provisions of the Indenture relating to the redemption of Notes in the event of specified changes in Canadian withholding tax laws or the enforcement or interpretation thereof on or after the date of this Prospectus Supplement (described under the heading "Description of The NotesTax Redemption" below) will apply to the Notes.
The Notes will be effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of the Corporation's subsidiaries, except to the extent the Corporation is a creditor of such subsidiaries ranking at least pari passu with such other creditors. As at March 31, 2008, the Corporation's subsidiaries had approximately $556 million of long-term debt outstanding (excluding intercompany indebtedness).
The Notes will initially be issued in an aggregate principal amount of US$ and will mature on , 2018. The Notes will bear interest at the rate of % per annum from , 2008 or from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or provided for, payable semi-annually on and of each year, commencing , 2008, to the persons in whose names the Notes are registered at the close of business on the preceding or , respectively. Interest shall be computed assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.
S-19
The Corporation may from time to time, without the consent of the holders of the Notes, create and issue additional Notes after this offering. The Notes and any additional Notes subsequently issued under the Indenture will be treated as a single class for all purposes under the Indenture (except in respect of the payment of interest accruing prior to the issue date of the additional Notes and the first payment of interest following the issue date of the additional Notes), including, without limitation, waivers, amendments, redemptions and offers to purchase.
The Notes will be issuable in minimum denominations of $2,000 or integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.
The Notes will not be entitled to the benefits of any sinking fund.
Interest Rate Adjustment
The interest rate payable on the Notes will be subject to adjustments from time to time if either Moody's or S&P downgrades (or subsequently upgrades) the debt rating assigned to the Notes, in the manner described below.
If the rating from Moody's of the Notes is decreased to a rating set forth in the immediately following table, the interest rate on the Notes will increase from the interest rate payable on the Notes on the date of their original issuance by the percentage set forth opposite that rating:
Rating |
Percentage |
|
---|---|---|
Ba1 | 0.25% | |
Ba2 | 0.50% | |
Ba3 | 0.75% | |
B1 or below | 1.00% |
If the rating from S&P of the Notes is decreased to a rating set forth in the immediately following table, the interest rate on the Notes will increase from the interest rate payable on the Notes on the date of their original issuance by the percentage set forth opposite that rating:
Rating |
Percentage |
|
---|---|---|
BB+ | 0.25% | |
BB | 0.50% | |
BB- | 0.75% | |
B+ or below | 1.00% |
If at any time the interest rate on the Notes has been adjusted upward and either Moody's or S&P, as the case may be, subsequently increases its rating of the Notes to any of the threshold ratings set forth above, the interest rate on the Notes will be decreased such that the interest rate for the Notes equals the interest rate payable on the Notes on the date of their original issuance plus the percentages set forth opposite the ratings from the tables above in effect immediately following the increase. If Moody's subsequently increases its rating of the Notes to Baa3 or higher, and S&P increases its rating to BBB- or higher the interest rate on the Notes will be decreased to the interest rate payable on the Notes on the date of their original issuance.
Each adjustment required by any decrease or increase in a rating set forth above, whether occasioned by the action of Moody's or S&P, shall be made independent of any and all other adjustments. In no event shall (1) the interest rate for the Notes be reduced to below the interest rate payable on the Notes on the date of their original issuance or (2) the total increase in the interest rate on the Notes exceed 2.00% above the interest rate payable on the Notes on the date of their original issuance.
S-20
If either Moody's or S&P ceases to provide a rating of the Notes, any subsequent increase or decrease in the interest rate of the Notes necessitated by a reduction or increase in the rating by the agency continuing to provide the rating shall be twice the percentage set forth in the applicable table above. No adjustments in the interest rate of the Notes shall be made solely as a result of either Moody's or S&P ceasing to provide a rating. If both Moody's and S&P cease to provide a rating of the Notes, unless the Corporation has appointed a replacement agency in accordance with the procedures described below, the interest rate on the Notes will increase to, or remain at, as the case may be, 2.00% above the interest rate payable on the Notes on the date of their original issuance.
If Moody's and S&P, for any reason that is beyond the control of the Corporation, cease to make a rating of the Notes publicly available, the Corporation may select (as certified by a resolution of the Corporation's Board of Directors), a "nationally recognized statistical rating organization," within the meaning of Rule 15c3-1(c)(2)(vi)(F) under the U.S. Exchange Act, as a replacement agency for both Moody's and S&P. Following the selection by the Corporation of a replacement agency for Moody's and S&P in accordance with the foregoing, interest rate adjustments, if any, applicable to the Notes shall be calculated using the ratings of such replacement agency which are the equivalent of those in the ratings system of Moody's, as set forth in the table above, and the increase or decrease in the interest rate of the Notes necessitated by a reduction or increase in the rating by such agency shall be twice the percentage set forth in such table.
Any interest rate increase or decrease described above will take effect from the first day of the interest period during which a rating change requires an adjustment in the interest rate.
The interest rate on the Notes will permanently cease to be subject to any adjustments described above (notwithstanding any subsequent decrease in the ratings by either or both of the rating agencies or any or all of the rating agencies ceasing to provide ratings) and shall be set at the interest rate that would have been payable on the Notes without any such adjustments if the Notes are rated A3 or A- or higher by Moody's and S&P, respectively (or one of these ratings if only rated by one rating agency), with a stable or positive outlook by both such rating agencies (or one if only rated by one rating agency).
If the interest rate payable on the Notes is increased as described above, the term "interest," as used with respect to the Notes, will be deemed to include any such additional interest unless the context otherwise requires.
Optional Redemption
The Notes will be redeemable as a whole, or in part, at the option of the Corporation at any time, at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of such Notes and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon (exclusive of interest accrued to the date of redemption) discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis (assuming a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) at the Treasury Rate plus basis points, plus in each case, accrued interest thereon to the date of redemption.
"Treasury Rate" means, with respect to any redemption date, the rate per annum equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity or interpolated (on a day count basis) of the Comparable Treasury Issue, assuming a price for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed as a percentage of its principal amount) equal to the Comparable Treasury Price for such redemption date.
"Comparable Treasury Issue" means the United States Treasury security or securities selected by an Independent Investment Banker as having an actual or interpolated maturity comparable to the remaining term of the Notes to be redeemed that would be utilized, at the time of selection and in accordance with customary financial practice, in pricing new issues of corporate debt securities of a comparable maturity to the remaining term of such Notes.
S-21
"Independent Investment Banker" means one of the Reference Treasury Dealers appointed by the Trustee after consultation with the Corporation.
"Comparable Treasury Price" means, with respect to any redemption date, (i) the average of the Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for such redemption date, after excluding the highest and lowest such Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations, or (ii) if the Trustee obtains fewer than four such Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations, the average of all such quotations.
"Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations" means, with respect to each Reference Treasury Dealer and any redemption date, the average, as determined by the Trustee, of the bid and ask prices for the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed in each case as a percentage of its principal amount) quoted in writing to the Trustee by such Reference Treasury Dealer at 3:30 p.m. New York time on the third business day preceding such redemption date.
"Reference Treasury Dealer" means each of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., plus one other to be determined by the Corporation, or their respective affiliates which are primary U.S. Government securities dealers, and their respective successors; provided, however, that if any of the foregoing or their respective affiliates shall cease to be a primary U.S. Government securities dealer in The City of New York (a "Primary Treasury Dealer"), the Corporation shall substitute therefor another Primary Treasury Dealer.
Notice of any redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each holder of Notes to be redeemed.
Unless the Corporation defaults in payment of the redemption price, on and after the redemption date, interest will cease to accrue on the Notes or portions thereof called for redemption.
Repurchase Upon Change of Control Triggering Event
If a Change of Control Triggering Event (as defined below) occurs, unless the Corporation has exercised its right to redeem the Notes as described under "Optional Redemption," each holder of Notes will have the right to require the Corporation to purchase all or a portion of such holder's Notes pursuant to the offer described below (the "Change of Control Offer"), at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase, subject to the rights of holders of Notes on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date.
Within 30 days following the date upon which the Change of Control Triggering Event occurred, or at the Corporation's option, prior to any Change of Control but after the public announcement of the pending Change of Control, the Corporation will be required to send, by first class mail, a notice to each holder of Notes, with a copy to the Trustee, which notice will govern the terms of the Change of Control Offer. Such notice will state, among other things, the purchase date, which must be no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed, other than as may be required by law (the "Change of Control Payment Date"). The notice, if mailed prior to the date of consummation of the Change of Control, will state that the Change of Control Offer is conditional on the Change of Control being consummated on or prior to the Change of Control Payment Date. Holders of Notes electing to have Notes purchased pursuant to a Change of Control Offer will be required to surrender their Notes, with the form entitled "Option of Holder to Elect Purchase" on the reverse of the Note completed, to the paying agent at the address specified in the notice, or transfer their Notes to the paying agent by book-entry transfer pursuant to the applicable procedures of the paying agent, prior to the close of business on the third business day prior to the Change of Control Payment Date.
The Corporation will not be required to make a Change of Control Offer if a third party makes such an offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements for such
S-22
an offer made by the Corporation and such third party purchases all Notes properly tendered and not withdrawn under its offer.
The definition of Change of Control includes a phrase relating to the direct or indirect sale, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of "all or substantially all" of the assets of TransAlta and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. Although there is a limited body of case law interpreting the phrase "substantially all," there is no precise established definition of the phrase under applicable law. Accordingly, the ability of a holder of Notes to require TransAlta to repurchase its Notes as a result of a sale, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of less than all of the assets of TransAlta and its subsidiaries taken as a whole to another "person" may be uncertain.
"Below Investment Grade Rating Event" means the Notes are rated below an Investment Grade Rating by each of the Rating Agencies (as defined below) on the 60th day following the occurrence of a Change of Control (which date shall be extended if the rating of the Notes is under publicly announced consideration for possible downgrade by any of the Rating Agencies on such 60th day, such extension to last until the date on which the Rating Agency considering such possible downgrade either (x) rates the Notes below an Investment Grade Rating or (y) publicly announces that it is no longer considering the Notes for possible downgrade; provided, that no such extension shall occur if any of the Rating Agencies rates the Notes with an Investment Grade Rating that is not subject to review for possible downgrade on such 60th day).
"Change of Control" means the occurrence of any of the following:
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction will not be deemed to involve a Change of Control under clause (2) above if (i) we become a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of a holding company and (ii)(A) the direct or indirect holders of the Voting Shares of such holding company
S-23
immediately following that transaction are substantially the same as the holders of the Corporation's Voting Shares immediately prior to that transaction or (B) immediately following that transaction no person (other than a holding company satisfying the requirements of this sentence) is the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the Voting Shares of such holding company. The term "person," as used in this definition, has the meaning given thereto in Section 13(d)(3) of the U.S. Exchange Act.
"Change of Control Triggering Event" means the occurrence of both a Change of Control and a Below Investment Grade Rating Event.
"Continuing Director" means, as of any date of determination, any member of the Board of Directors of TransAlta who:
"Investment Grade Rating" means a rating equal to or higher than Baa3 (or the equivalent) by Moody's and BBB- (or the equivalent) by S&P, or, in each case, if such Rating Agency ceases to make a rating of the Notes publicly available, the equivalent investment grade credit rating by the replacement agency selected by the Corporation in accordance with the procedures described below.
"Rating Agencies" means (1) Moody's and S&P; and (2) if Moody's or S&P ceases to make a rating of the Notes publicly available, a "nationally recognized statistical rating organization," within the meaning of Rule 15c3-1(c)(2)(vi)(F) under the U.S. Exchange Act, selected by the Corporation (as certified by a resolution of the Corporation's Board of Directors) as a replacement agency for Moody's or S&P, or each of them, as the case may be.
"Voting Shares" means, with respect to any specified person as of any date, the shares of such person that is at the time entitled to vote generally in the election of the board of directors of such person.
Tax Redemption
The Notes will be subject to redemption at any time, in whole but not in part, at the option of the Corporation, at a redemption price equal to the principal amount thereof together with accrued and unpaid interest to the date fixed for redemption, upon the giving of a notice as described below, if (1) TransAlta determines that (a) as a result of any change in or amendment to the laws (or any regulations or rulings promulgated thereunder) of Canada or of any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein affecting taxation, or any change in official position regarding application or interpretation of such laws, regulations or rulings (including a holding by a court of competent jurisdiction), which change or amendment is announced or becomes effective on or after the date of this Prospectus Supplement, TransAlta has or will become obligated to pay, on the next succeeding date on which interest is due, additional amounts with respect to the Notes as described under "Description of Debt SecuritiesPayment of Additional Amounts" in the Prospectus; or (b) on or after the date of this Prospectus Supplement, any action has been taken by any taxing authority of, or any decision has been rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction in, Canada or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, including any of those actions specified in (a) above, whether or not such action was taken or decision was rendered with respect to TransAlta, or any change, amendment, application or interpretation shall be officially proposed, which, in any such case, in the written opinion to TransAlta of legal counsel of recognized standing, will result in TransAlta becoming obligated to pay,
S-24
on the next succeeding date on which interest is due, additional amounts with respect to the Notes and (2) in any such case, TransAlta in its business judgment determines that such obligation cannot be avoided by the use of reasonable measures available to TransAlta; provided however, that (i) no such notice of redemption may be given earlier than 60 days prior to the earliest date on which TransAlta would be obligated to pay such additional amounts were a payment in respect of the Notes then due, and (ii) at the time such notice of redemption is given, such obligation to pay such additional amounts remains in effect; and provided further, that any such notice of redemption shall be given no later than 30 days prior to such redemption.
In the event that TransAlta elects to redeem the Notes pursuant to the provisions set forth in the preceding paragraph, TransAlta shall deliver to the Trustee a certificate, signed by an authorized officer, stating that TransAlta is entitled to redeem the Notes pursuant to their terms.
Book-Entry System
The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), New York, NY, will act as Notes depository for the Notes. The Notes will be issued as fully-registered securities registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC's partnership nominee) or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. One fully-registered certificate will be issued for the Notes, in the aggregate principal amount of the issue, and will be deposited with DTC. If, however, the aggregate principal amount of the issue exceeds $500 million, one certificate will be issued with respect to each $500 million of principal amount, and an additional certificate will be issued with respect to any remaining principal amount of such issue.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a "banking organization" within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a "clearing agency" registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the U.S. Exchange Act. DTC holds and provides asset servicing for issues of U.S. and non-U.S. equity issues, corporate and municipal debt issues, and money market instruments that DTC's participants ("Direct Participants") deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the post-trade settlement among Direct Participants of sales and other securities transactions in deposited securities, through electronic computerized book-entry transfers and pledges between Direct Participants' accounts. This eliminates the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct Participants include both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation ("DTCC"). DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, and clearing corporations that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Direct Participant, either directly or indirectly ("Indirect Participants"). The DTC Rules applicable to its Participants are on file with the SEC. More information about DTC can be found at www.dtcc.com and www.dtc.org.
Purchases of Notes under the DTC system must be made by or through Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for the Notes on DTC's records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each Note ("Beneficial Owner") is in turn to be recorded on the Direct and Indirect Participants' records. Beneficial Owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchase. Beneficial Owners are, however, expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the Direct or Indirect Participant through which the Beneficial Owner entered into the transaction. Transfers of ownership interests in the Notes are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of Direct and Indirect Participants acting on behalf of
S-25
Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in the Notes, except in the event that use of the book-entry system for the Notes is discontinued.
To facilitate subsequent transfers, all Notes deposited by Direct Participants with DTC are registered in the name of DTC's partnership nominee, Cede & Co., or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of Notes with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other DTC nominee do not effect any change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the Notes; DTC's records reflect only the identity of the Direct Participants to whose accounts such Notes are credited, which may or may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Direct and Indirect Participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Direct Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Direct Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Beneficial Owners of Notes may wish to take certain steps to augment the transmission to them of notices of significant events with respect to the Notes, such as redemptions, tenders, defaults, and proposed amendments to the Notes. For example, Beneficial Owners of Notes may wish to ascertain that the nominee holding the Notes for their benefit has agreed to obtain and transmit notices to Beneficial Owners. In the alternative, Beneficial Owners may wish to provide their names and addresses to the registrar and request that copies of notices be provided directly to them.
Redemption notices shall be sent to DTC. If less than all of the Notes within an issue are being redeemed, DTC's practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each Direct Participant in such issue to be redeemed.
Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (nor any other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to Notes unless authorized by a Direct Participant in accordance with DTC's MMI Procedures. Under its usual procedures, DTC mails an Omnibus Proxy to the Corporation as soon as possible after the record date. The Omnibus Proxy assigns Cede & Co.'s consenting or voting rights to those Direct Participants to whose accounts Notes are credited on the record date (identified in a listing attached to the Omnibus Proxy).
Payments on the Notes will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC's practice is to credit Direct Participants' accounts upon DTC's receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from the Corporation or the trustee, on payable date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC's records. Payments by Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with Notes held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in "street name," and will be the responsibility of such Participant and not of DTC, the trustee, or the Corporation, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as depository with respect to the Notes at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Corporation or the trustee. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor depository is not obtained, certificates for the Notes are required to be printed and delivered.
The Corporation may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry-only transfers through DTC (or a successor Notes depository). In that event, certificates will be printed and delivered to DTC.
The information in this section covering DTC and DTC's system has been obtained from sources that the Corporation believes to be reliable, but the Corporation takes no responsibility for the accuracy thereof. The information in this section is subject to any changes to the arrangements between
S-26
the Corporation and DTC and any changes to these procedures that may be instituted unilaterally by DTC.
The following pro forma coverage ratios have been prepared in accordance with Canadian securities law requirements and are included in this Prospectus Supplement in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements.
The following sets forth the Corporation's earnings coverage ratios calculated for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2007, and the twelve month period ended March 31, 2008. The earnings coverage ratios do not give effect to the issuance of any Notes offered by this Prospectus Supplement since the aggregate principal amount of Notes that will be issued hereunder and the terms of issue are not presently known. The earnings coverage ratios set forth below do not purport to be indicative of earnings coverage ratios for any future periods. The earnings coverage ratios have been calculated based on information prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP.
|
December 31, 2007 |
March 31, 2008 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Earnings coverage on long-term debt(1) | 3.3 times | 3.0 times |
TransAlta evaluates its performance using a variety of measures. Earnings coverage discussed above is not defined under Canadian GAAP and therefore should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net earnings as determined in accordance with Canadian GAAP as an indicator of the Corporation's financial performance or liquidity. This measure is not necessarily comparable to a similarly titled measure of another company. Net earnings has been calculated on a consistent basis for the twelve month period ended December 31, 2007 and the three month period ended March 31, 2008.
Senior Unsecured Long-Term Debt
As of the date hereof, the Corporation's senior unsecured long-term debt is rated BBB (stable) by S&P and Baa2 (stable) by Moody's. The ratings for debt instruments range from a high of AAA to a low of D in the case of S&P and from a high of Aaa to a low of C in the case of Moody's.
According to the S&P rating system, debt securities rated BBB exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on such obligations than on obligations in the higher rating categories. The ratings from AA to B may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
According to the Moody's rating system, debt securities rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics. Numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 are applied to each rating category, with 1 indicating that the obligation ranks in the higher end of the category, 2 indicating a mid-range ranking and 3 indicating a ranking in the lower end of the category.
S-27
Note Regarding Credit Ratings
Credit ratings are intended to provide investors with an independent measure of credit quality of an issue of securities. The credit ratings accorded to the Corporation's outstanding securities by S&P and Moody's, as applicable, are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell such securities. Credit ratings do not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. There is no assurance that the ratings will remain in effect for any given period or that a rating will not be revised or withdrawn entirely by S&P and/or Moody's in the future if, in its judgement, circumstances so warrant.
CERTAIN INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following summary is of a general nature only and is not intended to be, and should not be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any prospective investor and no representation with respect to the tax consequences to any particular investor is made. Accordingly, prospective investors should consult with their own tax advisors for advice with respect to the income tax consequences to them having regard to their own particular circumstances, including any consequences of an investment in the Notes arising under state, provincial or local tax laws in the United States or Canada or tax laws of jurisdictions outside the United States or Canada.
Certain Canadian Federal Income Tax Considerations
In the opinion of McCarthy Tétrault LLP, the Corporation's Canadian counsel, the following is, as of the date hereof, a general summary of the principal Canadian federal income tax considerations under the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the "Tax Act") applicable to a purchaser of Notes pursuant to the this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus who, at all relevant times, for purposes of the Tax Act and any applicable tax treaty, is not resident or deemed to be resident in Canada, deals with the Corporation at arm's length and does not use or hold and is not deemed to use or hold a Note in carrying on business in Canada (a "Non-Resident Holder"). This summary is based on the current provisions of the Tax Act and the regulations thereunder, proposed amendments to the Tax Act and the regulations thereunder publicly announced prior to the date of this Prospectus Supplement (the "Proposed Amendments") and counsel's understanding of the current published administrative practices of the Canada Revenue Agency in effect as of the date hereof. This summary is not exhaustive of all possible Canadian federal income tax considerations applicable to a Non-Resident Holder and does not anticipate any changes in law or administrative practice, nor does it take into account provincial, territorial or foreign tax considerations, which may differ significantly from those discussed herein. Special rules, which are not discussed below, may apply to a Non-Resident Holder that is an insurer which carries on business in Canada and elsewhere.
Under the Tax Act the payment of interest, principal or premium, if any, to a Non-Resident Holder of a Note will be exempt from Canadian non-resident withholding tax. No other taxes on income or capital gains will be payable under the Tax Act in respect of the acquisition, holding, redemption or disposition of a Note by a Non-Resident Holder, or the receipt of interest, principal or premium thereon by a Non-Resident Holder solely as a consequence of such acquisition, holding, redemption or disposition of a Note.
Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following is a summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of a Note by an initial purchaser thereof who is a United States person (as defined below) who purchases the Note for cash at its "issue price" (the first price at which a substantial amount of the Notes is sold for cash, excluding sales to bond houses, brokers, or similar persons acting in the capacity of underwriters, placement agents or wholesalers) and who will hold the Note as a "capital asset" within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
S-28
amended (the "Code") (such purchaser a "U.S. Holder"). This summary is intended for general information only and does not address all potentially relevant U.S. federal income tax matters.
This summary does not address the tax consequences to U.S. Holders subject to special provisions of the Code including, without limitation, banks, financial institutions, tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, holders subject to the alternative minimum tax, certain former citizens or residents of the United States, dealers in securities or foreign currencies, traders in securities, holders holding Notes as part of a "hedge", "straddle", "conversion transaction" or other integrated transaction and holders with a "functional currency" other than the U.S. dollar. This summary also does not cover any state, local or foreign tax consequences. This summary is based upon provisions of the Code, Treasury Regulations, rulings and judicial decisions in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change (possibly with retroactive effect) and differing interpretations, so as to result in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those described herein.
As used herein, the term "United States person" means a beneficial owner of a Note that is (i) an individual citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax without regard to its source, or (iv) a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or if the trust has made a valid election to be treated as a United States person.
If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Notes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership (or other entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners in partnerships holding Notes should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences, under the Code and the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction, of the acquisition, ownership or disposition of the Notes.
Potential Contingent Payment Debt Treatment
In certain circumstances (See "Description of the NotesRepurchase Upon Change of Control Triggering Event" and "Description of the NotesInterest Rate Adjustment"), the Corporation may be obligated to pay amounts in excess of stated interest or principal on the Notes. The obligation to make these payments may implicate the provisions of the United States Treasury Regulations relating to "contingent payment debt instruments." If the Notes were deemed to be contingent payment debt instruments, a U.S. Holder would generally be required to treat any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of the Notes as ordinary income rather than as capital gain. Furthermore, a U.S. Holder would be required to accrue interest income on a constant yield basis at an assumed yield determined at the time of issuance of the notes, with adjustments to such accruals when any contingent payments are made that differ from the payments calculated based on the assumed yield.
According to current United States Treasury Regulations, the possibility that the Corporation may pay such excess amounts upon a Change of Control Triggering Event will not cause the Notes to be treated as contingent payment debt instruments if there is only a remote likelihood as of the date the Notes were issued that such payments will be made. The Corporation believes that the likelihood that it will be obligated to make any such payments is remote. Therefore, the Corporation does not intend to treat the potential payment of these amounts as subjecting the Notes to the contingent payment debt rules. The Corporation's determination that this contingency is remote is binding on a U.S. Holder unless such U.S. Holder discloses its contrary position in the manner required by applicable United States Treasury Regulations. The Corporation's determination is not, however, binding on the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"), and if the IRS were to challenge this determination, the tax
S-29
consequences to a U.S. Holder could differ materially and adversely from those discussed herein. If any such additional payments are in fact made, U.S. Holders will be required to recognize such amounts as income.
In addition, under current United States Treasury Regulations, if a debt instrument provides for an alternative payment schedule or schedules applicable upon the occurrence of a contingency (other than a remote or incidental contingency), if the timing and amount of the payments that comprise each payment schedule are known as of the issue date and if one of such schedules is significantly more likely than not to apply, the yield and maturity of the debt instrument are determined by assuming that the payments will be made according to that payment schedule. The Corporation intends to take the position that it is significantly more likely than not that interest payments on the Notes will be made at the original issue interest rates. Therefore, the Corporation does not intend to treat the potential payment of additional interest in the event of a ratings downgrade as subjecting the Notes to the contingent payment debt rules. The Corporation's determination is not, however, binding on the IRS, which could challenge this position. If such challenge were successful, the tax consequences to a U.S. Holder could differ materially and adversely from those discussed herein. In the event any additional payments of interest are in fact made, U.S. Holders will be required to recognize such amounts as income.
The remainder of this disclosure assumes that the Notes will not be treated as contingent payment debt instruments.
Payments of Interest
Interest on the Notes will generally be taxable to a U.S. Holder as ordinary income at the time received or accrued, in accordance with such holder's method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such interest will constitute income from sources outside the United States and will generally be treated as "passive category income" (or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, as "general category income") for U.S. foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The rules governing U.S. foreign tax credits are complex. Prospective purchasers of Notes should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of U.S. foreign tax credits in their particular circumstances.
Sale, Exchange, Retirement or Redemption of Notes
Upon the sale, exchange, retirement, redemption or other taxable disposition of a Note, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize U.S. source gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on such sale, exchange, retirement or redemption (other than amounts received that are attributable to accrued and unpaid interest, which amounts will be taxable as ordinary income to the extent not previously included in income) and such U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the Note, which generally is its cost. Such gain or loss generally will constitute capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the Note was held by such U.S. Holder for more than one year. Long-term capital gain of non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, is eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
In general, payments of interest and principal on and the proceeds from sales of Notes held by a U.S. Holder will be required to be reported to the IRS unless the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient and, when required, demonstrates this fact. In addition, a U.S. Holder that is not an exempt recipient may be subject to backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax, currently at a rate of 28%, on such payments unless it provides a taxpayer identification number and otherwise complies with applicable certification requirements. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder generally will be allowed as a credit against such U.S. Holder's U.S. federal
S-30
income tax liability and may entitle such U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS in a timely manner.
The Corporation intends to offer the Notes through the underwriters for whom Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. (collectively, the "Representatives") are acting as representatives of the underwriters named below.
Subject to the terms and conditions stated in the underwriting agreement dated the date of this Prospectus Supplement, each underwriter named below has agreed to purchase, and the Corporation has agreed to sell to that underwriter, the principal amount of Notes set forth opposite the underwriter's name.
Underwriter |
Principal Amount of Notes |
||
---|---|---|---|
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. | US$ | ||
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. | |||
Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC | |||
Total | US$ | ||
The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the Notes included in this offering are subject to approval of legal matters by counsel and to other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to purchase all the Notes if they purchase any of the Notes.
The underwriters propose to offer the Notes directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus Supplement and to dealers at the public offering price less a concession not to exceed % of the principal amount of the Notes. The underwriters may allow, and dealers may reallow a concession not to exceed % of the principal amount of the Notes on sales to other dealers. After the initial offering of the Notes to the public, the Representatives may change the public offering price and concessions.
The following table shows the underwriting commission that the Corporation is to pay to the underwriters in connection with this offering (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount of the Notes).
|
Paid by TransAlta |
|
---|---|---|
Per Note | % |
In connection with this offering, the Representatives, on behalf of the underwriters, may purchase and sell Notes in the open market. These transactions may include over-allotment, syndicate covering transactions and stabilizing transactions. Over-allotment involves syndicate sales of the Notes in excess of the principal amount of the Notes to be purchased by the underwriters in this offering, which creates a syndicate short position. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the Notes in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Stabilizing transactions consist of certain bids or purchases of the Notes made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Notes while the offering is in progress.
S-31
The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the Representatives, in covering syndicate short positions or making stabilizing purchases, repurchases Notes originally sold by that syndicate member.
Any of these activities may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Notes. They may also cause the price of the Notes to be higher than the price that otherwise would exist in the open market in the absence of these transactions. The underwriters may conduct these transactions in the over-the-counter market or otherwise. If the underwriters commence any of these transactions, they may discontinue them at any time.
The Corporation estimates that its total expense for this offering will be approximately US$ (not including the underwriting commission).
The underwriters have performed commercial banking, investment banking and advisory services for the Corporation from time to time for which the underwriters have received customary fees and expenses. The underwriters may, from time to time, engage in transactions with and perform services for the Corporation in the ordinary course of their business.
The Corporation has agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the U.S. Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make because of any of those liabilities.
The Notes will not be qualified for sale under the securities laws of Canada or any province or territory of Canada (other than the Province of Alberta) and may not be, directly or indirectly, offered, sold or delivered in Canada or to residents of Canada in contravention of the securities laws of any province or territory of Canada. Each underwriter has agreed that it will not, directly or indirectly, offer, sell or deliver any Notes purchased by it in Canada or to residents of Canada.
Certain of the underwriters are affiliates of banks (the "Banks") which are lenders to the Corporation and to which the Corporation is presently indebted. As a consequence of their participation in this offering, the underwriters affiliated with the Banks will be entitled to share in the underwriting commission relating to the offering of the Notes. The decision to distribute the Notes hereunder and the determination of the terms of this offering were made through negotiations between the Corporation and the underwriters. Although the Banks did not have any involvement in such decision or determination, a portion of the net proceeds of this offering may be used to repay indebtedness of the Corporation to the Banks and certain other lenders. See "Use of Proceeds". As a result, one or more of the Banks may in the aggregate receive more than 10% of the net proceeds from the offering of the Notes in the form of the repayment of such indebtedness. Accordingly, the offering of the Notes is being made pursuant to Rule 2710(h) of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.
Certain legal matters relating to Canadian law in connection with the offering of the Notes will be passed upon for the Corporation by McCarthy Tétrault LLP, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and certain legal matters relating to United States law in connection with the offering of the Notes will be passed upon for the Corporation by Latham & Watkins LLP, New York, New York. In addition, certain legal matters relating to United States law in connection with the offering of the Notes will be passed upon for the underwriters by Shearman & Sterling LLP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The partners and associates of McCarthy Tétrault LLP, as a group beneficially own, directly or indirectly, less than 1% of the outstanding securities of any class or series of the Corporation.
S-32
We have read the short form base shelf prospectus of TransAlta Corporation (the "Corporation") dated October 16, 2006, relating to the issue and sale of up to $1,000,000,000 of securities, including common shares, first preferred shares, debt securities or warrants, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement dated May , 2008 relating to the issue and sale of US$ aggregate principal amount of % senior notes due 2018 (collectively, the "Prospectus") of the Corporation. We have complied with Canadian generally accepted standards for an auditors' involvement with offering documents.
We consent to the use, through incorporation by reference, in the above mentioned Prospectus of our report to the Shareholders of the Corporation on the consolidated balance sheets of the Corporation as at December 31, 2007 and 2006 and the consolidated statements of earnings and retained earnings, comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2007. Our report is dated February 26, 2008.
We also consent to the use, through incorporation by reference, in the above mentioned Prospectus of our report to the Board of Directors of the Corporation with respect to the Reconciliation to United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles as at December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2007. Our report is dated February 26, 2008.
Calgary, Canada | ||
Chartered Accountants |
S-33
Base Shelf Prospectus
TRANSALTA CORPORATION
US$1,000,000,000
Common Shares
First Preferred Shares
Debt Securities
Warrants
We may from time to time offer our common shares, first preferred shares, debt securities or warrants to purchase common shares, first preferred shares, debt securities or other securities (collectively, the "Securities"), up to an aggregate initial offering price of US$1,000,000,000 (or its equivalent in Canadian dollars or any other currency or currency unit used to denominate the Securities) during the 25 month period that this base shelf prospectus (the "Prospectus"), including any amendments hereto, remains valid.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE "SEC") NOR HAS THE SEC PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
This offering is made by a foreign issuer that is permitted, under a multi-jurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States, to prepare this Prospectus in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements. Prospective investors should be aware that such requirements are different from those of the United States. The financial statements incorporated herein have been prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles ("Canadian GAAP") and are subject to Canadian auditing and auditor independence standards. As a result, they may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies.
Prospective investors should be aware that the acquisition of the Securities may have tax consequences both in the United States and Canada. Such tax consequences for investors who are resident in, or citizens of, the United States may not be described fully herein or in any applicable Prospectus Supplement (as defined herein). You should read the tax discussion under "Certain Income Tax Considerations" and in any applicable Prospectus Supplement.
The enforcement by investors of civil liabilities under United States federal securities laws may be affected adversely by the fact that the Corporation is incorporated and organized under the laws of Canada, that most of its officers and directors are residents of Canada, that some of the underwriters or experts named in this Prospectus are residents of Canada, and that all or a substantial portion of the assets of the Corporation and said persons are located outside the United States.
The specific terms of any offering of Securities will be set forth in a shelf prospectus supplement (a"Prospectus Supplement") including, where applicable: (i) in the case of common shares, the number of shares offered and the offering price; (ii) in the case of first preferred shares, the designation of the particular series, the number of shares offered, the offering price, any voting rights, any rights to receive dividends, any terms of redemption, any conversion or exchange rights and any other specific terms of the first preferred shares; (iii) in the case of debt securities, the designation, any limit on the aggregate principal amount, the currency or currency unit, the maturity, the offering price, whether payment on the debt securities will be senior or subordinated to our other liabilities and obligations, whether the debt securities will bear interest, the interest rate or method of determining the interest rate, any terms of redemption, any conversion or exchange rights and any other specific terms of the debt securities; and (iv) in the case of warrants, the designation, number and terms of the common shares, first preferred shares, debt securities or other securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants, and any procedures that will result in the adjustment of those numbers, the exercise price, the dates and periods of exercise, the currency or currency unit in which the warrants are issued and any other specific terms of the warrants. We reserve the right to include in a Prospectus Supplement specific terms pertaining to the Securities that are not within the options and parameters set forth in this Prospectus. You should read this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement before you invest in any Securities.
Our common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the symbol "TAC" and on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol "TA". There is currently no market through which the first preferred shares, debt securities or warrants to purchase common shares, first preferred shares, debt securities or other securities may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell such securities issued under this Prospectus.
We may sell the Securities to or through underwriters or dealers purchasing as principals, directly to one or more purchasers pursuant to applicable statutory exemptions or through agents. See "Plan of Distribution". The Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular offering of Securities will identify each underwriter, dealer or agent engaged in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities, and will set forth the terms of the offering of such Securities, including the method of distribution, the proceeds to us and any fees, discounts or any other compensation payable to underwriters, dealers or agents and any other material terms of offering of such Securities.
The date of this Prospectus is October 16, 2006
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
About this Prospectus | 2 | |
Documents Incorporated by Reference | 3 | |
Certain Available Information | 4 | |
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | 4 | |
The Corporation | 5 | |
Recent Developments | 5 | |
Use of Proceeds | 5 | |
Changes in Consolidated Capitalization | 6 | |
Interest Coverage Ratios | 7 | |
Description of Share Capital | 7 | |
Description of Debt Securities | 10 | |
Description of Warrants | 22 | |
Certain Income Tax Considerations | 23 | |
Plan of Distribution | 24 | |
Risk Factors | 24 | |
Business of the Corporation | 30 | |
Legal Matters | 34 | |
Documents Filed as Part of the Registration Statement | 34 | |
Enforcement of Civil Liabilities | 34 |
In this Prospectus and in any Prospectus Supplement, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, all dollar amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars. "U.S. dollars" or "US$" means lawful currency of the United States. Unless otherwise indicated, all financial information included and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus or included in any Prospectus Supplement is determined using Canadian GAAP. "U.S. GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. For a discussion of the principal differences between our financial information as calculated under Canadian GAAP and under U.S. GAAP, you should refer to note 25 of our consolidated annual financial statements and the U.S. GAAP reconciliation to our unaudited consolidated interim financial statements incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. Except as set forth under "Description of Debt Securities", and unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement to "TransAlta", the "Corporation", "we", "us" and "our" mean TransAlta Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries including any consolidated partnerships of which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries are partners.
This Prospectus provides a general description of the Securities that we may offer. Each time we sell Securities under this Prospectus, we will provide you with a Prospectus Supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The Prospectus Supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this Prospectus. Before investing in any Securities, you should read both this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement together with additional information described below under "Documents Incorporated by Reference" and "Certain Available Information".
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus or any applicable Prospectus Supplement and on the other information included in the registration statement of which this Prospectus forms a part. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information. We are not making an offer of these Securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted
2
by law. You should not assume that the information in this Prospectus, any applicable Prospectus Supplement or any documents incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of those documents.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The following documents of the Corporation, filed with the Alberta Securities Commission and with the SEC, are specifically incorporated by reference in, and form an integral part of, this Prospectus, provided that such documents are not incorporated by reference to the extent that their contents are modified or superseded by a statement contained in this Prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document that is also incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus:
Any documents of the type referred to above, material change reports (excluding confidential material change reports), reconciliations to U.S. GAAP of any financial statements of the Corporation and business acquisition reports subsequently filed by the Corporation with the Alberta Securities Commission after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the termination of any offering of Securities shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. These documents are available through the internet on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) which can be accessed at www.sedar.com. In addition, any similar documents filed on Form 6-K or Form 40-F by the Corporation with the SEC after the date of this Prospectus shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and the registration statement of which this Prospectus forms a part, if and to the extent expressly provided in such report. The Corporation's reports on Form 6-K, and beginning with its Form 40-F for the year ended December 31, 2001, its annual reports on Form 40-F, are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Any statement contained in this Prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. The modifying or superseding statement need not state that it has modified or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document that it modifies or supersedes. The making of a modifying or superseding statement is not to be deemed an admission for any purposes that the modified or superseded statement, when made, constituted a misrepresentation, an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a material fact that is required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances in which it was made. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Prospectus.
A Prospectus Supplement containing the specific terms of any Securities offered thereunder will be delivered to purchasers of such Securities together with this Prospectus and will be deemed to be incorporated
3
by reference into this Prospectus as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement solely for the purposes of the offering of the Securities covered by that Prospectus Supplement.
Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference (other than exhibits to such documents, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents) may be obtained on request without charge from the Corporate Secretary of TransAlta, Box 1900, Station "M", 110 - 12th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2P 2M1, Telephone (403) 267-7110.
The Corporation has filed with the SEC under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "U.S. Securities Act"), a registration statement on Form F-10 relating to the Securities and of which this Prospectus forms a part. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in such registration statement, certain items of which are contained in the exhibits to the registration statement as permitted or required by the rules and regulations of the SEC. See "Documents Filed as Part of the Registration Statement". Statements made in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract, agreement or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, reference is made to the exhibit, if applicable, for a more complete description of the relevant matter, each such statement being qualified in its entirety by such reference. Items of information omitted from this Prospectus but contained in the registration statement may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained at the offices of the SEC described below.
The Corporation is subject to the information requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "U.S. Exchange Act"), and in accordance therewith files reports and other information with the SEC. Under the multi-jurisdictional disclosure system adopted by the United States and Canada, such reports and other information may be prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of Canada, which requirements are different from those of the United States. The Corporation is exempt from the rules under the U.S. Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and its officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the U.S. Exchange Act. Under the U.S. Exchange Act, the Corporation is not required to publish financial statements as promptly as United States companies. Such reports and other information may be inspected without charge, and copied upon payment of prescribed fees, at the public reference facility maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Prospectus contains both historical and forward-looking statements, including within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act and Section 21E of the U.S. Exchange Act. All forward-looking statements are based upon the Corporation's beliefs and assumptions based on the information available at the time the assumption was made. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terms such as 'may', 'will', 'believe', 'expect', 'potential', 'enable', 'continue' or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, statements regarding the anticipated business prospects and financial performance of TransAlta. These statements are not guarantees of TransAlta's future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause TransAlta's actual performance to be materially different from those projected, including those material risks discussed in this Prospectus under the heading "Risk Factors" and any material risks contained in an applicable Prospectus Supplement. The material assumptions in making these forward-looking statements are disclosed in the Annual MD&A, including under "Outlook", "Risk Factors and Risk Management" and "Critical Accounting Policies and Statements", and in the Annual Information Form, including under "Competitive Environment", and "Competitive Strengths". Given these uncertainties, the reader should not place undue reliance on this forward-looking information, which is given as of the date it is expressed in this Prospectus or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events might or might not occur. The Corporation cannot assure you that projected results or events will be achieved.
Factors that may adversely impact the Corporation's forward-looking statements include: (i) the rules and regulations in the various markets in which the Corporation operates are subject to change; (ii) environmental requirements and changes in, or liabilities under, these requirements; (iii) risks under the Alberta government
4
mandated power purchase arrangements pursuant to which the Corporation operates most of its facilities in Alberta, including risks associated with unplanned outages; (iv) changes in the market prices and availability of fuel supplies required to generate electricity, and in the price of electricity; (v) risks relating to the operation of the Corporation's facilities; (vi) currency rate risk and political uncertainty; (vii) trading risks and counterparty risks; and (viii) rapid change and competition in the wholesale power industry.
These and additional factors are described in more detail under "Risk Factors" and in the Annual Information Form and Annual MD&A, each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The registered office and principal place of business of the Corporation are at 110 - 12th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2R 0G7. TransAlta has two direct principal operating subsidiaries, each incorporated under the federal laws of Canada: TransAlta Utilities Corporation and TransAlta Energy Corporation. For further information on the intercorporate relationships among TransAlta and its subsidiaries, please see "Corporate Structure Intercorporate Relationships" in the Annual Information Form.
TransAlta and its predecessors have been engaged in the production and sale of electric energy since 1911. The Corporation is among Canada's largest non-regulated electric generation and energy marketing companies with an aggregate net ownership interest of approximately 8,473 megawatts ("MW") of generating capacity operating or under construction (of which 225 MW is under construction) in facilities having approximately 10,181 MW of aggregate generating capacity as of December 31, 2005. The Corporation is focused on generating electricity in Canada, the United States, Mexico and Australia through its diversified portfolio of facilities fueled by coal, gas, hydroelectric, wind and geothermal resources.
On August 18, 2006, TransAlta announced that the 700 MW unit 2 at its Centralia coal-fired plant located in Centralia, Washington experienced an unplanned outage on August 6, 2006 due to a blade failure in a turbine. Unit 2 was restored to full service on September 21, 2006. TransAlta estimates the impact of the turbine outage will reduce third quarter 2006 net income by $20 million to $25 million ($0.10 - $0.13 earnings per share).
Unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include the repayment of indebtedness and the financing of the Corporation's long-term investment plan. The amount of net proceeds to be used for any such purpose will be set forth in a Prospectus Supplement. The Corporation expects that it may, from time to time, issue securities (including debt securities) other than pursuant to this Prospectus.
5
CHANGES IN CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth the consolidated capitalization of the Corporation as at December 31, 2005 and as at June 30, 2006, and indicates increases or decreases in applicable amounts between those two dates. This table should be read in conjunction with the consolidated annual financial statements of the Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2005 and the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements of the Corporation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, which have been incorporated by reference herein.
|
Outstanding as at December 31, 2005(1) |
Outstanding as at June 30, 2006(1) |
Increase/Decrease |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
(in millions) |
|
||||||||
Short-term debt including current portion of long-term debt(2) | $ | 409.5 | $ | 248.3 | $ | (161.2 | ) | ||||
Less: cash and cash equivalents | (79.3 | ) | (55 | ) | 24.3 | ||||||
330.2 | 193.3 | (136.9 | ) | ||||||||
Long-term debt |
|||||||||||
Recourse(3)(4) | 1,887.0 | 1,874.0 | (13 | ) | |||||||
Non-recourse(5) | 321.6 | 291.3 | (30.3 | ) | |||||||
Preferred securities(4) | 175.0 | 175 | | ||||||||
Non-controlling interests(6) | 558.6 | 547.6 | (11 | ) | |||||||
Preferred shares(7) | | | | ||||||||
Common shareholders' equity | |||||||||||
Common shares(8) | 1,697.9 | 1,742.0 | 44.1 | ||||||||
Retained earnings | 866.1 | 921.7 | 55.6 | ||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | (67.0 | ) | (70 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||
2,497.0 | 2,593.7 | 96.7 | |||||||||
Total capitalization | $ | 5,769.4 | $ | 5,674.9 | $ | (94.5 | ) | ||||
Notes:
6
of 13 million Common Shares to be reserved for issuance pursuant to agreements with and options granted to employees and officers of the Corporation. As at December 31, 2005, options to purchase an aggregate of 2.9 million Common Shares were outstanding at prices ranging from $14.15 to $27.70 and US$10.90 to US$14.48 per Common Share. As at June 30, 2006, options to purchase an aggregate of 2.5 million Common Shares were outstanding at prices ranging from $14.15 to $27.70 and US$10.90 to US$14.48 per Common Share.
The following interest coverage ratios have been prepared in accordance with Canadian securities law requirements and are included in the Prospectus in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements.
The following interest coverage ratios have been calculated on a consolidated basis for the respective 12-month periods ended December 31, 2005 and June 30, 2006 and are derived from audited financial information, in the case of the 12-month period ended December 31, 2005, and unaudited financial information, in the case of the 12-month period ended June 30, 2006. The following interest coverage ratios: (i) do not give effect to the issue of any debt securities pursuant to this Prospectus and (ii) do not purport to be indicative of interest coverage ratios for any future periods. The following interest coverage ratios have been calculated in accordance with the new standard established by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants for the presentation of liabilities and equity such that the entire amount of the annual carrying charges relating to the equity component of the $175 million aggregate principal amount of 7.50% preferred securities due April 13, 2048 has been included in interest expense.
|
December 31, 2005 |
June 30, 2006 |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Interest coverage on debt: | 2.26 times | 2.62 times |
Interest coverage on debt is equal to earnings before net interest expense and income taxes divided by net interest expense plus capitalized interest. Earnings before net interest expense on debt and income taxes is a common measurement used for assessing financial performance. Earnings before net interest expense and income taxes is not defined under Canadian GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income or cash flow as determined in accordance with Canadian GAAP as an indicator of the Corporation's financial performance or liquidity. The Corporation's earnings before net interest expense and income taxes is not necessarily comparable to a similarly titled measure of another issuer. Earnings before net interest expense on debt and income taxes is reconciled to net earnings below:
|
Twelve months ended |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
December 31, 2005 |
June 30, 2006 |
|||||
Earnings before net interest expense and income taxes | $ | 434.8 | $ | 440.7 | |||
Net interest expense | 188.6 | 167.9 | |||||
Income taxes | 47.4 | (10.5 | ) | ||||
Net earnings | $ | 198.8 | $ | 283.3 | |||
General
As of the date of this Prospectus, the Corporation's authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of common shares and an unlimited number of first preferred shares, issuable in series. As at June 30, 2006, 200.6 million common shares were outstanding and no first preferred shares were outstanding.
Common Shares
The following description is subject to, and qualified by reference to, the terms and provisions of the Corporation's articles and by-laws.
Each common share of the Corporation entitles the holder thereof to one vote for each common share held at all meetings of shareholders of the Corporation, except meetings at which only holders of another specified
7
class or series of shares are entitled to vote, to receive dividends if, as and when declared by the board of directors, subject to prior satisfaction of preferential dividends applicable to any first preferred shares, and to participate ratably in any distribution of the assets of the Corporation upon a liquidation, dissolution or winding up, subject to prior rights and privileges attaching to the first preferred shares. The common shares are not convertible and are not entitled to any pre-emptive rights. The common shares are not entitled to cumulative voting.
The transfer agent and registrar for the common shares in Canada is CIBC Mellon Trust Company at its principal transfer offices in Vancouver, British Columbia, Calgary, Alberta, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Québec. The transfer agent and registrar for the common shares in the United States is Mellon Investor Services LLC at its principal office in New York, New York.
The common shares offered pursuant to this Prospectus may include common shares issuable upon conversion or exchange of any first preferred shares or debt securities of any series or upon exercise of any options or warrants.
First Preferred Shares
The Corporation is authorized to issue an unlimited number of first preferred shares, issuable in series and, with respect to each series, the board of directors is authorized to fix the number of shares comprising the series and determine the designation, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to such shares, subject to certain limitations.
The first preferred shares of all series rank senior to all other shares of the Corporation with respect to priority in payment of dividends and with respect to distribution of assets in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, or a reduction of stated capital. Holders of first preferred shares are entitled to receive cumulative quarterly dividends on the subscription price thereof as and when declared by the board of directors at the rate established by the board of directors at the time of issue of shares of a series. No dividends may be declared or paid on any other shares of the Corporation unless all cumulative dividends accrued upon all outstanding first preferred shares have been paid or declared and set apart. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, or a reduction of stated capital, no sum shall be paid or assets distributed to holders of other shares of the Corporation until the holders of first preferred shares shall have been paid the subscription price of the shares, plus a sum equal to the premium payable on a redemption, plus a sum equal to the arrears of dividends accumulated on the first preferred shares to the date of such liquidation, dissolution, winding up, or reduction of stated capital, as applicable. After payment of such amount, the holders of first preferred shares shall not be entitled to share further in the distribution of the assets of the Corporation.
The directors may include in the share conditions attaching to a particular series of first preferred shares certain voting rights effective upon the Corporation failing to make payment of six quarterly dividend payments, whether or not consecutive. These voting rights continue for so long as any dividends remain in arrears. These voting rights are the right to one vote for each $25 of subscription price on all matters in respect of which shareholders vote, and additionally, the right of all series of first preferred shares, voting as a combined class, to elect two directors of the Corporation if the board of directors then consists of less than 16 directors, or three directors if the board of directors consists of 16 or more directors. Otherwise, except as required by law, the holders of first preferred shares shall not be entitled to vote or to receive notice of or to attend at any meeting of the shareholders of the Corporation.
Subject to the share conditions attaching to any particular series providing to the contrary, the Corporation may redeem first preferred shares of a series, in whole or from time to time in part, at the redemption price applicable to each series and the Corporation has the right to acquire any of the first preferred shares of one or more series by purchase for cancellation in the open market or by invitation for tenders at a price not to exceed the redemption price applicable to the series.
The Prospectus Supplement will set forth the following terms relating to the first preferred shares being offered:
8
First preferred shares will be fully paid and non-assessable upon issuance. The first preferred shares of any series may be represented, in whole or in part, by one or more global certificates. If first preferred shares are represented by a global certificate, each global certificate will:
Related Party Articles Provisions
The articles of the Corporation contain provisions restricting the ability of the Corporation to enter into a "Specified Transaction" with a "Major Shareholder". A Specified Transaction requires the approval of a majority of the votes cast by holders of voting shares of the Corporation, as well as the approval of a majority of the votes cast by holders of such voting shares, excluding any Major Shareholder. A Major Shareholder generally means the beneficial owner of more than 20% of the outstanding voting shares of the Corporation. There is a broad definition of beneficial ownership, and in particular, a person is considered to beneficially own shares owned by its associates and affiliates, as those terms are defined in the articles. Transactions which are considered to be Specified Transactions include the following: a merger or amalgamation of the Corporation with a Major Shareholder; the furnishing of financial assistance by the Corporation to a Major Shareholder; certain sales of assets or provision of services by the Corporation to a Major Shareholder or vice versa; certain issuances of securities by the Corporation which increase the proportionate voting interest of a Major Shareholder; a reorganization or recapitalization of the Corporation which increases the proportionate voting interest of a Major Shareholder; and the creation of a class or series of non-voting shares of the Corporation which has a residual right to participate in earnings of the Corporation and assets of the Corporation upon dissolution or winding up.
Shareholder Rights Plan
The Corporation implemented a shareholder rights plan (the "Rights Plan") pursuant to a Shareholder Bid Approval Plan Agreement (the "Rights Plan Agreement") dated as of October 13, 1992 between the Corporation and CIBC Mellon Trust Company. The common shareholders of the Corporation reconfirmed the Rights Plan and approved the amendment and restatement, as of April 30, 2004, of the Rights Plan Agreement at the annual and special meeting of shareholders of the Corporation held on April 30, 2004. For further particulars, reference should be made to the Rights Plan Agreement, as amended and restated. A copy of the Rights Plan Agreement may be obtained by contacting the Corporate Secretary, TransAlta Corporation, Box 1900, Station "M", 110 - 12th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta T2P 2M1; telephone: 403-267-7110; fax (403) 267-2590; or by email: investor_relations@transalta.com.
9
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
In this section, the terms "Corporation" and "TransAlta" refer only to TransAlta Corporation without its subsidiaries through which it operates. The following description sets forth certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities. The Corporation will provide particular terms and provisions of a series of debt securities and a description of how the general terms and provisions described below may apply to that series in a Prospectus Supplement. Prospective investors should rely on information in the applicable Prospectus Supplement if it is different from the following information.
The debt securities will be issued under an indenture (the "Indenture") dated June 25, 2002 between TransAlta and The Bank of New York as trustee (the "Trustee"). The Indenture is subject to and governed by the U.S. Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The Indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this Prospectus is a part and is available as described above under "Certain Available Information". The following is a summary of the Indenture. Whenever there are references to particular provisions of the Indenture, those provisions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the Indenture. References in parentheses are to section numbers of the Indenture.
The Corporation may issue debt securities and incur additional indebtedness other than through the offering of debt securities pursuant to this Prospectus.
General
The Indenture does not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities which may be issued under the Indenture. It provides that debt securities will be in registered or bearer form, may be issued from time to time in one or more series and may be denominated and payable in U.S. dollars or any other currency. Material Canadian and United States federal income tax considerations applicable to any debt securities, and special tax considerations applicable to the debt securities denominated in a currency or currency unit other than Canadian or U.S. dollars, will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to the offering of debt securities.
The Prospectus Supplement will set forth the following terms relating to the debt securities being offered:
10
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Indenture does not afford the holders the right to tender debt securities to TransAlta for repurchase or provide for any increase in the rate or rates of interest at which the debt securities will bear interest, in the event TransAlta should become involved in a highly leveraged transaction or in the event of a change in control of TransAlta.
Debt securities may be issued under the Indenture bearing no interest or interest at a rate below the prevailing market rate at the time of issuance, and may be offered and sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. (Section 3.1) The Canadian and United States federal income tax consequences and other special considerations applicable to any such discounted debt securities or other debt securities offered and sold at par which are treated as having been issued at a discount for Canadian and/or United States federal income tax purposes will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, TransAlta may, without the consent of the holders thereof, reopen a previous issue of a series of debt securities and issue additional debt securities of such series.
Ranking and Other Indebtedness
Unless otherwise indicated in an applicable Prospectus Supplement, the debt securities will be unsecured obligations and will rank equally with all of the Corporation's other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. TransAlta conducts a significant amount of its operations through its subsidiaries. As at June 30, 2006, TransAlta's subsidiaries had outstanding $611.9 million aggregate principal amount of long-term debt (excluding intercompany indebtedness). The debt securities issued under this Prospectus will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities, including trade payables and other indebtedness of TransAlta's subsidiaries. See "Risk Factors" for a further discussion of the consequences of structural subordination.
11
Form, Denominations and Exchange
Debt securities of a series may be issuable solely as registered securities, solely as bearer securities or as both registered securities and bearer securities. Registered securities will be issuable in denominations of US$1,000 and integral multiples of US$1,000 and bearer securities will be issuable in denominations of US$5,000 or, in each case, in such other denominations as may be set out in the terms of the debt securities of any particular series. (Section 3.2) The Indenture also provides that debt securities of a series may be issuable in global form. (Section 3.1) Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus Supplement, bearer securities will have interest coupons attached. (Section 2.1)
Registered securities of any series will be exchangeable for other registered securities of the same series and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor of different authorized denominations. If (but only if) provided in the Prospectus Supplement, bearer securities (with all unmatured coupons, except as provided below, and all matured coupons in default) of any series may be exchanged for registered securities of the same series of any authorized denominations and of a like aggregate principal amount and tenor. In such event, bearer securities surrendered in a permitted exchange for registered securities between a regular record date or a special record date and the relevant date for payment of interest shall be surrendered without the coupon relating to such date for payment of interest, and interest will not be payable on such date for payment of interest in respect of the registered security issued in exchange for such bearer security, but will be payable only to the holder of such coupon when due in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement, bearer securities will not be issued in exchange for registered securities. (Section 3.5)
The applicable Prospectus Supplement may indicate the places to register a transfer of debt securities. Except for certain restrictions set forth in the Indenture, no service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of the debt securities, but the Corporation may, in certain instances, require a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charges payable in connection with these transactions. (Section 3.5)
The Corporation shall not be required to: (i) issue, register the transfer of or exchange debt securities of any series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection of debt securities of that series to be redeemed and ending at the close of business on (A) if debt securities of the series are issuable only as registered securities, the day of mailing of the relevant notice of redemption and (B) if debt securities of the series are issuable as bearer securities, the day of the first publication of the relevant notice of redemption or, if debt securities of the series are also issuable as registered securities and there is no publication, the mailing of the relevant notice of redemption; (ii) register the transfer of or exchange any registered security, or portion thereof, called for redemption, except the unredeemed portion of any registered security being redeemed in part; (iii) exchange any bearer security selected for redemption, except that, to the extent provided with respect to such bearer security, such bearer security may be exchanged for a registered security of that series and like tenor, provided that such registered security shall be immediately surrendered for redemption with written instruction for payment consistent with the provisions of the Indenture; or (iv) issue, register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities which have been surrendered for repayment at the option of the holder, except the portion, if any, thereof not to be so repaid. (Section 3.5)
Payment
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, payment of principal of and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on debt securities (other than global securities) will be made at the office or agency of the Trustee, at One Wall Street, New York, New York, 10286, or the Corporation can pay principal, interest and any premium by (i) check mailed or delivered to the address of the person entitled at the address appearing in the security register of the Trustee or (ii) wire transfer to an account located in the United States of the person entitled to receive payments. (Sections 3.7, 10.1 and 10.2)
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, payment of any interest will be made to the persons in whose name the debt securities are registered at the close of business on the day or days specified by the Corporation. (Section 3.7)
12
Global Securities
The registered debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in global form (a "Global Security") and will be registered in the name of and be deposited with a depository (the "Depositary"), or its nominee, each of which will be identified in the Prospectus Supplement. (Section 3.1) Unless and until exchanged, in whole or in part, for debt securities in definitive registered form, a Global Security, may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary for such Global Security to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor of the Depositary or a nominee of the successor. (Section 3.5)
The specific terms of the depository arrangement with respect to any portion of a particular series of debt securities to be represented by a Global Security will be described in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such series. The Corporation anticipates that the following provisions will apply to all depository arrangements.
Upon the issuance of a Global Security, the Depositary therefor or its nominee will credit, on its book entry and registration system, the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by the Global Security to the accounts of such persons having accounts with such Depositary or its nominee ("participants"). Such accounts shall be designated by the underwriters, dealers or agents participating in the distribution of the debt securities or by TransAlta if such debt securities are offered and sold directly by the Corporation. Ownership of beneficial interests in a Global Security will be limited to participants or persons that may hold beneficial interests through participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in a Global Security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by the Depositary therefor or its nominee (with respect to interests of participants) or by participants or persons that hold through participants (with respect to interests of persons other than participants). The laws of some states in the United States may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form.
So long as the Depositary for a Global Security or its nominee is the registered owner of the Global Security, such Depositary or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the Global Security for all purposes under the Indenture. Except as provided below, owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security will not be entitled to have debt securities of the series represented by the Global Security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of debt securities of such series in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the Indenture.
Any payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on Global Securities registered in the name of a Depositary or its nominee will be made to the Depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the Global Security representing such debt securities. None of TransAlta, the Trustee or any paying agent for debt securities represented by the Global Securities will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of the Global Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
The Corporation expects that the Depositary for a Global Security or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium or interest, will credit participants' accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal amount of the Global Security as shown on the records of such Depositary or its nominee. The Corporation also expects that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security held through such participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers registered in "street name", and will be the responsibility of such participants.
If a Depositary for a Global Security representing a particular series of debt securities is at any time unwilling or unable or no longer qualified to continue as depository and a successor depository is not appointed by TransAlta within 90 days, the Corporation will issue debt securities of such series in definitive form in exchange for a Global Security representing such series of debt securities. Further, if an Event of Default under the Indenture occurs and is continuing, debt securities of a series in definitive form will be printed and delivered. In addition, the Corporation may at any time and in its sole discretion determine not to have debt securities of a
13
series represented by a Global Security and, in such event, will issue debt securities of a series in definitive form in exchange for all of the Global Securities representing the series of debt securities. (Section 3.5)
Definitions
The Indenture contains, among others, definitions substantially to the following effect:
"Attributable Amount" means with respect to any sale and leaseback transaction (as defined herein), as at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the rate of interest set forth or implicit in the terms of such lease, compounded annually) of the total obligations of the lessee for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such sale and leaseback transaction.
"Consolidated Net Tangible Assets" means all consolidated assets of the Corporation as shown on the most recent audited consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation, less the aggregate of the following amounts reflected upon such balance sheet:
"Consolidated Shareholders' Equity" means, without duplication, the aggregate amount of shareholders' equity (including, without limitation, common share capital, preferred share capital, contributed surplus and retained earnings) of the Corporation as shown on the most recent audited consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation, adjusted by the amount by which common share capital, preferred share capital and contributed surplus has been increased or decreased (as the case may be) from the date of such balance sheet to the relevant date of determination, in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, together with the aggregate principal amount of obligations of the Corporation in respect of Preferred Securities.
"Financial Instrument Obligations" means obligations arising under:
14
Corporation where the subject matter of the same is any commodity or the price, value or amount payable thereunder is dependent or based upon the price of any commodity or fluctuations in the price of any commodity;
to the extent of the net amount due or accruing due by the Corporation thereunder (determined by marking-to-market the same in accordance with their terms).
"Generally Accepted Accounting Principles" means generally accepted accounting principles which are in effect from time to time in Canada.
"Indebtedness" means all items of indebtedness in respect of any amounts borrowed (including obligations with respect to bankers' acceptances and contingent reimbursement obligations relating to letters of credit and other financial instruments) and all Purchase Money Obligations which, in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, would be recorded in the financial statements as at the date as of which Indebtedness is to be determined, and in any event including, without duplication:
"Material Subsidiary" means, at any time, a Subsidiary:
"Non-Recourse Debt" means any Indebtedness incurred to finance the creation, development, construction or acquisition of assets and any increases in or extensions, renewals or refundings of any such Indebtedness, provided that the recourse of the lender thereof or any agent, trustee, receiver or other person acting on behalf of the lender in respect of such Indebtedness or any judgment in respect thereof is limited in all circumstances (other than in respect of false or misleading representations or warranties and customary indemnities provided with respect to such financings) to the assets created, developed, constructed or acquired in respect of which such Indebtedness has been incurred and to any receivables, inventory, equipment, chattel paper, intangibles and other rights or collateral arising from or connected with the assets so created, developed, constructed or acquired (including the shares or other ownership interests of a single purpose entity which holds only such assets and other rights and collateral arising from or connected therewith) and to which the lender has recourse.
"Permitted Encumbrance" means any of the following:
15
"Preferred Securities" means securities which on the date of issue thereof by a person:
"Purchase Money Obligation" means any monetary obligation created or assumed as part of the purchase price of real or tangible personal property, whether or not secured, any extensions, renewals, alterations or replacements of any such obligation, provided that the principal amount of such obligation outstanding on the date of such extension, renewal, alteration or replacement is not increased and further provided that any security given in respect of such obligation shall not extend to any property other than the property acquired in connection with which such obligation was created or assumed and fixed improvements, if any, erected or constructed thereon.
"Security Interest" means any mortgage, charge, pledge, lien, encumbrance, assignment by way of security, title retention agreement or other security interest whatsoever, howsoever created or arising, whether absolute or contingent, fixed or floating, perfected or not, which secures payment or performance of an obligation.
"Subsidiary" means, in relation to a person:
16
"Wholly-owned Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary that the Corporation directly or indirectly beneficially owns 100% of the outstanding shares having by the terms thereof ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors of such Subsidiary or owns, directly or indirectly, 100% of the income, capital, beneficial or ownership interests (however designated) thereof.
Covenants
The Indenture contains covenants substantially to the following effect:
Negative Pledge
So long as any debt securities remain outstanding the Corporation and its Subsidiaries will not create, assume or otherwise have outstanding any Security Interest, except for Permitted Encumbrances, on or over its or their respective assets (present or future) in respect of any Indebtedness of any person unless, in the opinion of legal counsel to the Corporation or the Trustee, the obligations of the Corporation in respect of all debt securities then outstanding shall be secured equally and ratably therewith. (Section 10.12)
Restriction on Sales and Leasebacks
The Corporation will not, and will not permit any Subsidiary to, enter into any sale and leaseback transaction unless the Corporation and its Subsidiaries comply with this restrictive covenant. A "sale and leaseback transaction" generally is an arrangement between the Corporation or any Subsidiary and a bank, insurance company or other lender or investor where the Corporation or any Subsidiary lease real or personal property which was or will be sold by the Corporation or any Subsidiary to that lender or investor. The Corporation can comply with this restrictive covenant if it meets either of the following conditions:
Mergers, Consolidations, Amalgamations and Sale of Assets
The Corporation will not enter into any transaction whereby all or substantially all of its undertaking, property and assets would become the property of any other person (the "Successor"), whether by reorganization, consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement, merger, transfer, sale, or otherwise, unless:
If, as a result of any such transaction, any of the properties or assets of the Corporation or its Subsidiaries become subject to a Security Interest, then, unless such Security Interest could be created pursuant to the
17
Indenture provisions described under "Negative Pledge" above without equally and rateably securing debt securities, the Corporation, simultaneously with or prior to such transaction, will cause any debt securities of the Corporation then outstanding to be secured equally and ratably with or prior to the Indebtedness secured by such Security Interest. (Section 8.4)
In addition to the above conditions, such transaction will, to the satisfaction of the Trustee, substantially preserve and not impair any of the rights and powers of the Trustee or of the security holders. Also, no condition or event will exist as to the Corporation (at the time of such transaction) or the Successor (immediately after such transaction) and after giving full effect thereto or immediately after the Successor will become liable to pay the principal monies, premium, if any, interest and other monies due or which may become due hereunder, which constitutes or would constitute and Event of Default under the Indenture.
Payment of Additional Amounts
Unless otherwise specified in an applicable Prospectus Supplement, TransAlta will, subject to the exceptions and limitations set forth below, pay to the holder of any debt security who is a non-resident of Canada under the Income Tax Act (Canada) such additional amounts as may be necessary so that every net payment on such debt security, after deduction or withholding by TransAlta or any of its paying agents for or on account of any present or future tax, assessment or other governmental charge (including penalties, interest and other liabilities related thereto) imposed by the government of Canada (or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein) (collectively, "Canadian Taxes") upon or as a result of such payment, will not be less than the amount provided in such debt security or in such coupon to be then due and payable (and TransAlta will remit the full amount withheld to the relevant authority in accordance with applicable law). However, TransAlta will not be required to make any payment of additional amounts:
nor will additional amounts be paid with respect to any payment on a debt security to a holder who is a fiduciary or partnership or other than the sole beneficial owner of such payment to the extent such payment would be required by the laws of Canada (or any political subdivision thereof) to be included in the income for Canadian
18
federal income tax purposes of a beneficiary or settlor with respect to such fiduciary or a member of such partnership or a beneficial owner who would not have been entitled to payment of the additional amounts had such beneficiary, settlor, member or beneficial owner been the holder of such debt security. (Section 10.5)
The Corporation will furnish to the holders of the debt securities, within 30 days after the date of the payment of any Canadian Taxes is due under applicable law, certified copies of tax receipts or other documents evidencing such payment.
Wherever in the Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of principal (and premium, if any), interest or any other amount payable under or with respect to a debt security, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of additional amounts to the extent that, in such context additional amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof. (Section 10.5)
Redemption
If and to the extent specified in an applicable Prospectus Supplement, the debt securities of a series will be subject to redemption at the time or times specified therein, at a redemption price equal to the principal amount thereof together with accrued and unpaid interest to the date fixed for redemption, upon the giving of a notice. Notice of redemption of the debt securities of such series will be given once not more than 60 nor less than 30 days prior to the date fixed for redemption and will specify the date fixed for redemption. (Section 11.4)
Provision of Financial Information
TransAlta will file with the Trustee, within 15 days after it files them with the SEC, copies of its annual report and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which TransAlta is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the U.S. Exchange Act. Notwithstanding that TransAlta may not be required to remain subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the U.S. Exchange Act or otherwise report on an annual and quarterly basis on forms provided for such annual and quarterly reporting pursuant to rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, TransAlta will continue to provide the Trustee (a) within 140 days after the end of each fiscal year, the information required to be contained in annual reports on Form 20-F or Form 40-F as applicable (or any successor form); and (b) within 60 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year, the information required to be contained in reports on Form 6-K (or any successor form), which, regardless of applicable requirements shall, at a minimum, consist of such information required to be provided in quarterly reports under the laws of Canada or any province thereof to security holders of a corporation with securities listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, whether or not TransAlta has any of its securities listed on such exchange. Such information will be prepared in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements and Canadian GAAP. (Section 7.5)
Events of Default
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular series of debt securities, the following events are defined in the Indenture as "Events of Default" with respect to debt securities of any series: (a) the failure of the Corporation to pay when due the principal of or premium (if any) on any debt securities; (b) the failure of the Corporation, continuing for 30 days, to pay any interest due on any debt securities; (c) the breach or violation of any covenant or condition (other than as referred to in (a) and (b) above), which continues for a period of 60 days after notice from the Trustee or from holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all outstanding debt securities of any series affected thereby (or such longer period as may be agreed to by the Trustee); (d) the failure of the Corporation or any Subsidiary to pay when due (after giving effect to any applicable grace periods) any amount owing in respect of any Indebtedness other than Non-Recourse Debt or the Corporation or any Subsidiary otherwise defaults in connection with such Indebtedness, and if such Indebtedness has not matured it shall have been accelerated, provided that the aggregate principal amount of such Indebtedness is in excess of the greater of US$75 million and 3% of Consolidated Shareholders' Equity; (e) the taking or entry of certain judgments or decrees against the Corporation or any Material Subsidiary for the payment of money in excess of the greater of US$75 million and 3% of Consolidated Shareholders' Equity, in the aggregate, if the Corporation or any such Material Subsidiary,
19
as the case may be, fails to file an appeal or, if the Corporation or such Material Subsidiary, as the case may be does file an appeal, that judgment or decree is not and does not remain vacated, discharged or stayed as provided in the Indenture; (f) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving the Corporation or a Material Subsidiary; or (g) any other Event of Default provided with respect to debt securities of that series.
If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to any series of debt securities, then and in every such case the Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such affected series may, subject to any subordination provisions thereof, declare the entire principal amount (or, if the debt securities of that series are original issue discount debt securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) of all debt securities of such series and all interest thereon to be immediately due and payable. However, at any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to any series of debt securities has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by written notice to the Corporation and the Trustee under certain circumstances (which include payment or deposit with the Trustee of outstanding principal, premium and interest, unless the Prospectus Supplement applicable to an issue of debt securities otherwise provides), may rescind and annul such acceleration. (Section 5.2)
Reference is made to the Prospectus Supplement relating to each series of debt securities which are original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of the maturity of a portion of the principal amount of such original issue discount securities upon the occurrence of any Event of Default and the continuation hereof.
The Indenture provides that, subject to the duty of the Trustee during default to act with the required standard of care, the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights and powers under the Indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders, unless such holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity. (Section 6.2) Subject to such provisions for indemnification of the Trustee and certain other limitations set forth in the Indenture, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of all series affected by an Event of Default shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the debt securities of all series affected by such Event of Default. (Section 5.12)
No holder of a debt security of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding with respect to the Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or a Trustee, or for any other remedy thereunder, unless (a) such holder has previously given to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the debt securities of such series affected by such Event of Default, (b) the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series affected by such Event of Default have made written request, and such holder or holders have offered reasonable indemnity, to the Trustee to institute such proceeding as Trustee, and (c) the Trustee has failed to institute such proceeding, and has not received from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series affected by such Event of Default a direction inconsistent with such request, within 60 days after such notice, request and offer. (Section 5.7) However, such limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by the holder of a debt security for the enforcement of payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on such debt security on or after the applicable due date specified in such debt security. (Section 5.8)
The Corporation will be required to furnish to the Trustee annually a statement by certain of its officers as to whether or not the Corporation, to the best of their knowledge, is in compliance with all conditions and covenants of the Indenture and, if not, specifying all such known defaults. (Section 10.4)
Modification and Waiver
Modifications and amendments of the Indenture may be made by the Corporation and the Trustee with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series issued under the Indenture affected by such modification or amendment; provided, however, that no such modification or amendment may, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of such affected series: (1) change the stated maturity of the principal of, or any instalment of interest, if any, on any debt security;
20
(2) reduce the principal amount of, or the premium, if any, or the rate of interest, if any, on any debt security; (3) change the place of payment; (4) change the currency or currency unit of payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on any debt security; (5) impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to any debt security; (6) adversely affect any right to convert or exchange any debt security; (7) reduce the percentage of principal amount of outstanding debt securities of such series, the consent of the holders of which is required for modification or amendment of the applicable Indenture or for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the Indenture or for waiver of certain defaults; (8) reduce the voting or quorum requirements relating to meetings of holders of debt securities; or (9) modify any provisions of the Indenture relating to the modification and amendment of the Indenture or the waiver of past defaults or covenants except as otherwise specified in the Indenture. (Section 9.2) In addition, any amendment to, or waiver of, the provisions of the Indenture relating to subordination that adversely affects the rights of the holders of debt securities will require the consent of holders of at least 75% in aggregate principal amount of such debt securities then outstanding.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of that series waive, insofar as that series is concerned, compliance by the Corporation with certain restrictive provisions of the Indenture. (Section 10.13) The holders of a majority in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series may waive any past default under the Indenture with respect to that series, except a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) and interest, if any, on any debt security of that series or in respect of a provision which under the Indenture cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of that series. (Section 5.13) The Indenture or the debt securities may be amended or supplemented, without the consent of any holder of debt securities, to cure any ambiguity or inconsistency or to make any change that does not have an adverse effect on the rights of any holder of debt securities. (Section 9.1)
Defeasance
The Indenture provides that, at its option, TransAlta will be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the outstanding debt securities of any series upon irrevocable deposit with the Trustee, in trust, of money and/or government securities which will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent chartered accountants to pay the principal of and premium, if any, and each instalment of interest, if any, on the outstanding debt securities of such series ("Defeasance") (except with respect to the authentication, transfer, exchange or replacement of debt securities or the maintenance of a place of payment and certain other obligations set forth in the Indenture). Such trust may only be established if among other things (1) TransAlta has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of counsel in the United States stating that (a) TransAlta has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (b) since the date of execution of the Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable United States federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that the holders of the outstanding debt securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of such Defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Defeasance had not occurred; (2) TransAlta has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of counsel in Canada or a ruling from the Canada Revenue Agency ("CRA") to the effect that the holders of such outstanding debt securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income or other tax purposes as a result of such Defeasance and will be subject to Canadian federal or provincial income and other tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case had such Defeasance not occurred (and for the purposes of such opinion, such Canadian counsel shall assume that holders of the outstanding debt securities of such series include holders who are not resident in Canada); (3) no Event of Default or event that, with the passing of time or the giving of notice, or both, shall constitute an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit; (4) TransAlta is not an "insolvent person" within the meaning of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada); (5) TransAlta has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that such deposit shall not cause the Trustee or the trust so created to be subject to the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; and (6) other customary conditions precedent are satisfied. TransAlta may exercise its Defeasance option notwithstanding its prior exercise of its Covenant Defeasance option described in the
21
following paragraph if TransAlta meets the conditions described in the preceding sentence at the time TransAlta exercises the Defeasance option.
The Indenture provides that, at its option, unless and until TransAlta has exercised its Defeasance option described in the preceding paragraph, TransAlta may omit to comply with covenants, including the covenants described above under the heading "Covenants", and such omission shall not be deemed to be an Event of Default under the Indenture and the outstanding debt securities upon irrevocable deposit with the Trustee, in trust, of money and/or government securities which will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent chartered accountants to pay the principal of and premium, if any, and each instalment of interest, if any, on the outstanding debt securities ("Covenant Defeasance"). If TransAlta exercises its Covenant Defeasance option, the obligations under the Indenture other than with respect to such covenants and the Events of Default other than with respect to such covenants shall remain in full force and effect. Such trust may only be established if, among other things, (1) TransAlta has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of counsel in the United States to the effect that the holders of the outstanding debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred; (2) TransAlta has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of counsel in Canada or a ruling from the CRA to the effect that the holders of such outstanding debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for Canadian federal, provincial or territorial income or other tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to Canadian federal or provincial income and other tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case had such Covenant Defeasance not occurred (and for the purposes of such opinion, such Canadian counsel shall assume that holders of the outstanding debt securities include holders who are not resident in Canada); (3) no Event of Default or event that, with the passing of time or the giving of notice, or both, shall constitute an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit; (4) TransAlta is not an "insolvent person" within the meaning of the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (Canada); (5) TransAlta has delivered to the Trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that such deposit shall not cause the Trustee or the trust so created to be subject to the United States Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended; and (6) other customary conditions precedent are satisfied. (Article 14)
Consent to Jurisdiction and Service
Under the Indenture, TransAlta irrevocably appoints CT Corporation System, 111 Eighth Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10011, as its authorized agent for service of process in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to the debt securities or the Indenture and for actions brought under federal or state securities laws in any federal or state court located in the City of New York, and irrevocably submits to such jurisdiction. (Section 1.13)
Governing Law
The debt securities and the Indenture will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
General
The Corporation may issue warrants to purchase common shares, first preferred shares, debt securities or other securities. The Corporation may issue warrants independently or together with other securities, and warrants sold with other securities may be attached to or separate from the other securities. Warrants will be issued under one or more warrant agreements between the Corporation and a warrant agent that the Corporation will name in the Prospectus Supplement.
Selected provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are summarized below. This summary is not complete. The statements made in this Prospectus relating to any warrant agreement and warrants to be issued thereunder are summaries of certain anticipated provisions thereof are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all provisions of the applicable warrant agreement.
22
The Prospectus Supplement will set forth the following terms relating to the warrants being offered:
Warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new warrant certificates of different denominations at the office indicated in the Prospectus Supplement. Prior to the exercise of their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities subject to the warrants.
Modifications
The Corporation may amend the warrant agreements and the warrants, without the consent of the holders of the warrants, to cure any ambiguity, to cure, correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provision, or in any other manner that will not materially and adversely affect the interests of holders of outstanding warrants. Other amendment provisions shall be as indicated in the Prospectus Supplement.
Enforceability
The warrant agent will act solely as the Corporation's agent. The warrant agent will not have any duty or responsibility if the Corporation defaults under the warrant agreements or the warrant certificates. A warrant holder may, without the consent of the warrant agent, enforce by appropriate legal action on its own behalf the holder's right to exercise the holder's warrants.
CERTAIN INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe certain Canadian federal income tax consequences to an investor who is a non-resident of Canada of acquiring any Securities offered thereunder, including whether the payments of dividends on common shares or first preferred shares or payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on debt securities will be subject to Canadian non-resident withholding tax.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will also describe certain United States federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of any securities offered thereunder by an initial investor who is a United States person (within the meaning of the United States Internal Revenue Code), including, to the extent applicable, any such consequences relating to debt securities payable in a currency other than the U.S. dollars, issued at an original issue discount for United States federal income tax purposes or containing early redemption provisions or other special items.
23
The Corporation may sell the Securities to or through underwriters or dealers and also may sell the Securities directly to purchasers pursuant to applicable statutory exemptions or through agents.
The distribution of the Securities of any series may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, or at prices related to such prevailing market prices to be negotiated with purchasers.
In connection with the sale of the Securities, underwriters may receive compensation from the Corporation or from purchasers of the Securities for whom they may act as agents in the form of concessions or commissions. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the Securities may be deemed to be underwriters and any commissions received by them from the Corporation and any profit on the resale of the Securities by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions under the U.S. Securities Act.
The Prospectus Supplement relating to each series of the Securities will also set forth the terms of the offering of the Securities, including to the extent applicable, the initial offering price, the proceeds to the Corporation, the underwriting concessions or commissions, and any other discounts or concessions to be allowed or re-allowed to dealers. Underwriters with respect to each series sold to or through underwriters will be named in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such series.
Under agreements which may be entered into by the Corporation, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of the Securities may be entitled to indemnification by the Corporation against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the U.S. Securities Act.
The Securities offered hereby have not been qualified for sale under the securities laws of any province or territory of Canada, other than Alberta and are not being and may not be offered or sold in Canada in contravention of the securities laws of any province or territory of Canada, other than Alberta. Each underwriter and each dealer participating in the distribution of any series of the Securities must agree that it will not offer to sell, directly or indirectly, any such Securities acquired by it in connection with such distribution, in Canada or to residents of Canada in contravention of the securities laws of Canada or any province or territory thereof.
Each series of the Securities (other than common shares) will be a new issue of securities with no established trading market (other than common shares). Unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement relating to a series of Securities, the Securities (other than common shares) will not be listed on any securities exchange. Certain broker-dealers may make a market in the Securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given that any broker-dealer will make a market in the Securities of any series or as to the liquidity of the trading market, if any, for the Securities of any series.
Prospective purchasers of the Securities should consider carefully the risk factors set forth below as well as the other information contained and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement before purchasing the Securities offered hereby.
Discussions of certain risks affecting the Corporation in connection with its business are provided on page 18 of the Annual Information Form under the heading "Risk Factors" and in management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 under the heading "Risk Factors and Risk Management".
A reference herein to a material adverse effect on the Corporation means such an effect on the Corporation on its business, financial condition, results of operations, or its cash flows, as the context requires.
24
Risks Relating to the Electricity Generation Market
The rules and regulations in the various markets in which the Corporation operates are subject to change, which may materially adversely affect the Corporation.
Certain of the markets in which the Corporation operates and intends to operate are subject to significant regulatory oversight and control. The Corporation is not able to predict whether there will be any further changes in the regulatory environment, including potential regulation of the rates allowed to be charged and the capital structure of wholesale generating companies such as the Corporation, or what the ultimate effect of a changing regulatory environment will have on its business. Existing market rules and regulations may be revised or reinterpreted and new laws and regulations may be adopted or become applicable to the Corporation or its facilities which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. The Corporation cannot guarantee that it will be able to adapt its business in a timely manner in response to any changes in the regulatory regimes in which it operates, and such failure to adapt could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
Any changes in the rules and regulations of provincial or state public utility commissions or other regulatory bodies in the other markets in which the Corporation competes or may compete in the future may materially adversely affect the Corporation.
Many of the Corporation's activities and properties are subject to environmental requirements and changes in, or liabilities under, these requirements may materially adversely affect the Corporation.
The Corporation's operations are subject to extensive federal, provincial, state and local environmental regulation relating to the generation and transmission of electrical and thermal energy and surface mining. To comply with these regulations, the Corporation must spend amounts on environmental monitoring, pollution control equipment, emission fees and other compliance activities. In addition, compliance with such laws and regulations might result in restrictions on some of the Corporation's operations. If the Corporation does not comply with environmental requirements, regulatory agencies could seek to impose civil, administrative and/or criminal liabilities on the Corporation, as well as seek to curtail its operations. Under some statutes, private parties could also seek to impose civil fines or liabilities for property damage, personal injury and other costs. The Corporation cannot guarantee that lawsuits or administrative actions will not be commenced against it or which may otherwise affect its operations and assets. If an action is filed against the Corporation or which may otherwise affect its operations and assets, the Corporation could be required to make substantial expenditures to bring the Corporation, its operations and assets into compliance and could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
The Corporation expects to continue to have environmental expenditures in the future. Stricter standards, greater regulation, increased enforcement by regulatory authorities, more extensive permitting requirements, an increase in the number and types of assets operated by the Corporation subject to environmental regulation and the implementation of the international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (the "Kyoto Protocol") (or equivalent country specific requirements) could increase the amount of these expenditures. Although the scope and extent of new environmental regulations, permitting requirements and enforcement initiatives, including their effect on the Corporation's operations, is unclear, they could materially increase the Corporation's cost of compliance or limit the operation of some of its facilities.
Some federal, provincial and state environmental laws impose liability for the investigation and cleanup of contaminated soil, groundwater, and other environmental media, and for damages to natural resources, on a wide range of entities that have some relationship to the contamination. These entities may include, for example, former owners or operators of a contaminated property and those who arranged for disposal of the contaminants, as well as the current owner or operator of such property. In general, liability may be imposed even though the conduct that caused the environmental condition was lawful at the time it occurred. Such liability may also be imposed jointly and severally (that is, with each entity subject to full responsibility for the liability involved, even though there were others who contributed). In addition, environmental contamination and other environmental conditions can result in claims for personal injury, property damages, and/or punitive damages. The Corporation owns or operates properties, and there are also other properties, at which contamination exists that could result in liability affecting the Corporation.
25
Risks Relating to the Corporation's Business and Operations
Under the government mandated power purchase arrangements pursuant to which the Corporation operates most of its facilities in Alberta, the Corporation is subject to certain risks, including the possibilities of penalties for unplanned outages and the burden of increased costs required to maintain and operate its generation facilities.
The Corporation's Alberta coal-fired and hydroelectric generating plants operate under the Alberta government mandated power purchase arrangements (the "Alberta PPAs") which established committed capacity and electrical energy generation requirements and availability targets to be achieved by each coal-fired plant, energy and ancillary services obligations for the hydroelectric plants, and the price at which power will be supplied. Under the Alberta PPAs applicable to coal-fired plants, in the event of an unplanned outage, other than an outage determined to be caused by force majeure, the Corporation must pay a penalty for the lost production based upon a price equal to the 30-day trailing average of Alberta market electricity prices. Consequently, an unplanned outage could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
The Corporation bears some of the impact of increases in its operating costs (other than increases arising as a result of a "change of law" as such term is defined in the Alberta PPAs) because the price at which the Corporation is able to sell its generation under the Alberta PPAs is based on an indexed schedule of forecast fixed costs. Operating costs could increase as a result of a number of factors which are beyond the Corporation's control. A significant increase in the Corporation's operating costs could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
From time to time during the term of the Alberta PPAs, issues may arise regarding the intended operation of the Alberta PPAs which may require certain provisions of the Alberta PPAs to be interpreted, and the interpretations given may not be favorable to the Corporation. In such circumstances, the Corporation could be materially adversely affected.
Changes in the market prices and availability of fuel supplies required to generate electricity, and in the price of electricity, may materially adversely affect the Corporation.
The Corporation buys natural gas and some of its coal to supply the fuel needed to generate the electricity that it sells. The Corporation's financial results could be materially adversely affected if the cost of fuel that it must buy to generate electricity increases to a greater degree than the price that it can obtain for the electricity that it sells. Several factors affect the price of fuel, many of which are beyond the Corporation's control, including:
Changes in any of these factors may increase the Corporation's cost of producing power or decrease the amount of revenue it receives from the sale of power, which could materially adversely affect the Corporation. The price of electricity is subject to fluctuations and certain of the factors that affect the price of fuel also affect the price of electricity.
The operation and maintenance of the Corporation's facilities involves risks that may materially adversely affect the Corporation.
The operation, maintenance, refurbishment, construction and expansion of power generation facilities involve risks, including breakdown or failure of equipment or processes, fuel interruption and performance below expected levels of output or efficiency. Certain of the Corporation's generation facilities, particularly in Alberta, were constructed many years ago and may require significant capital expenditures to maintain peak efficiency or to maintain operations at all. In addition, weather related interference, work stoppages and other
26
unforeseen problems may disrupt the operation and maintenance of the Corporation's facilities and may materially adversely affect the Corporation.
The Corporation has entered into on-going maintenance and service agreements with the manufacturers of certain critical equipment. If a manufacturer is unable or unwilling to provide satisfactory maintenance or warranty support, the Corporation may have to enter into alternative arrangements with other providers if it cannot perform the maintenance itself. These arrangements could be more expensive to the Corporation than its current arrangements and this increased expense could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. If the Corporation is unable to enter into satisfactory alternative arrangements, the inability of the Corporation to access technical expertise or parts could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
While the Corporation maintains spare parts in inventory to replace critical equipment and maintains insurance for property damage of up to $750 million to protect against operating risks, these protections may not be adequate to cover lost revenues or increased expenses and penalties. As a result, the Corporation may not be able to operate its generation facilities at a level necessary to comply with sales contracts (including Alberta PPAs), which could result in significant losses to the Corporation or could limit its ability to produce cash flows sufficient to enable it to meet its obligations.
The Corporation may be subject to the risk that it is necessary to operate a plant at a capacity level beyond that which the Corporation has contracted to provide steam in order to fulfill a contract. In such circumstances the costs to produce the steam being sold may exceed the revenues derived therefrom.
The wholesale power industry continues to change, which may materially adversely affect the Corporation.
Following the western energy crisis, no further electricity market deregulation is expected for the foreseeable future. Markets that have not yet deregulated are likely to remain in a regulated state. In 2005, the United States government passed the Energy Policy Act that removed previous barriers to utility consolidation. As a result, it is anticipated that the power industry in the United States will see a period of consolidation. Further, the recent strength of the commodity markets has resulted in new market participants and has also resulted in increased costs and delays associated with plant development activities. This increased competition could also reduce price levels across the industry which would negatively impact the Corporation's ability to sell energy and related products, as well as materially adversely affect the Corporation's financial results. In addition, increased competition may make it more difficult for the Corporation to acquire existing projects and develop new project opportunities, which would have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
The Corporation's debt securities will be structurally subordinated to any debt of its subsidiaries that is currently outstanding or may be incurred in the future.
The Corporation operates its business through and a majority of its assets are held by its subsidiaries, including partnerships. The Corporation's results of operations and ability to service indebtedness, including the debt securities, are dependent upon the results of operations of its subsidiaries and the payment of funds by these subsidiaries to it in the form of loans, dividends or otherwise. The Corporation's subsidiaries will not have an obligation to pay amounts due pursuant to any debt securities issued pursuant to this Prospectus or make any funds available for payment of debt securities issued pursuant to this Prospectus, whether by dividends, interests, loans, advances or other payments. In addition, the payment of dividends and the making of loans, advances and other payments to the Corporation by its subsidiaries may be subject to statutory or contractual restrictions.
In the event of the liquidation of any subsidiary, the assets of the subsidiary would be used first to repay the indebtedness of the subsidiary, including trade payables or obligations under any guarantees, prior to being used to pay the Corporation's indebtedness, including any debt securities issued pursuant to this Prospectus. As at June 30, 2006, the Corporation's subsidiaries had outstanding $611.9 million aggregate principal amount of long-term debt (excluding intercompany indebtedness). Such indebtedness and any other future indebtedness of such subsidiaries would be structurally senior to the debt securities issued pursuant to this Prospectus by the Corporation. The Indenture pursuant to which the debt securities will be issued does not limit the Corporation's ability or the ability of its subsidiaries to incur additional unsecured indebtedness.
27
The Corporation's subsidiaries have financed some investments using non-recourse project financing. Each non-recourse project loan is structured to be repaid out of cash flow provided by the investment. In the event of a default under a financing agreement which is not cured, the lenders would generally have rights to the related assets. In the event of foreclosure after a default, the Corporation's subsidiary may lose its equity in the asset or may not be entitled to any cash that the asset may generate. Although a default under a project loan will not cause a default with respect to the debt securities issued pursuant to this Prospectus, it may materially affect the Corporation's ability to service its outstanding indebtedness, including the debt securities issued pursuant to this Prospectus.
Trading risks may have a material adverse affect on the Corporation.
The Corporation's trading and marketing business frequently involves the establishment of trading positions in the wholesale energy markets on both a long-term and short-term basis. To the extent that the Corporation has long positions in the energy markets, a downturn in the markets is likely to result in losses from a decline in the value of such long positions. Conversely, to the extent that the Corporation enters into forward sales contracts to deliver energy the Corporation does not own, or take short positions in the energy markets, an upturn in the energy markets is likely to expose the Corporation to losses as it attempts to cover any short positions by acquiring energy in a rising market.
In addition, from time to time the Corporation may have a trading strategy consisting of simultaneously holding a long position and a short position, from which the Corporation expects to earn a profit based on changes in the relative value of the two positions. If, however, the relative value of the two positions changes in a direction or manner the Corporation did not anticipate, it could realize losses from such a paired position.
If the strategy the Corporation uses to hedge its exposures to these various risks is not effective, it could incur significant losses. The Corporation's trading positions are subject to the level of volatility in the energy markets that, in turn, depends on various factors, including weather in various geographical areas and short-term supply and demand imbalances, which cannot be predicted with any certainty. A shift in the energy markets could adversely affect the Corporation's positions which could also have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
Because of the Corporation's multinational operations, the Corporation is subject to currency rate risk and regulatory and political risk.
A significant part of the Corporation's revenues and expenditures are in U.S., Mexican and Australian currencies. Fluctuations in the exchange rate between these currencies and the Canadian dollar could have a negative effect on the Corporation. While the Corporation attempts to manage this risk through its use of hedging instruments, including cross currency swaps, forward exchange contracts and foreign currency options, fluctuations in these exchange rates may materially adversely affect the Corporation. In addition to currency rate risk, the Corporation's foreign operations may be subject to regulatory and political risk. Any change to the regulations governing power generation or the political climate in countries where the Corporation has operations could impose additional costs and have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
The Corporation may have difficulty raising needed capital in the future, which could significantly harm its business.
To the extent that the Corporation's sources of cash and cash flow from operations are insufficient to fund the Corporation's activities, it may need to raise additional funds. Additional financing may not be available when needed and, if such financing is available, it may not be available on terms favorable to the Corporation.
If purchasers of the Corporation's electricity or other contractual counterparties with the Corporation default on their obligations, the Corporation will be materially adversely affected.
While the Corporation seeks to control its exposure to credit risk by considering the ability of counterparties to fulfill their obligations under the related contracts, prior to entering into such contracts the Corporation cannot guarantee that it will be successful in identifying credit worthy customers. Moreover, while the Corporation seeks to monitor trading activities to ensure that the credit limits for counterparties are not
28
exceeded, it cannot guarantee that it will be successful in doing so. If counterparties to the Corporation's contracts are unable to meet their obligations, the Corporation could suffer a reduction in revenue which could materially adversely affect the Corporation.
Insurance coverage may not be sufficient.
The Corporation has insurance for its generation facilities, including all-risk property damage insurance, commercial general public liability insurance, boiler and machinery coverage, replacement power and business interruption insurance in amounts and with deductibles that the Corporation considers appropriate. The Corporation's insurance coverage may not be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms. In addition, the insurance proceeds that it receives for any loss of or any damage to any of its generation facilities may not be sufficient to permit it to continue to make payments on its debt, including any debt securities they may be offered under this Prospectus. With the exception of the Mexican Chihuahua facility where a low limit of terrorism insurance coverage maintained, the Corporation is not insured against losses resulting from terrorist attacks. The Corporation may suffer significant losses if any of its generation assets were affected by a terrorist attack.
The Corporation relies on transmission lines that it does not own or control, which may hinder its ability to deliver electricity.
The Corporation depends on transmission and distribution facilities that are owned and operated by utilities and other power companies to deliver the electricity the Corporation generates. Any disruption in transmission would impact the Corporation's ability to sell and deliver electricity. The inability of the Corporation to effectively sell electricity could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
In connection with natural gas-fired facilities, the Corporation typically depends upon a single natural gas distributor.
Delivery of natural gas to each of the Corporation's natural gas-fired facilities is typically handled by a single gas distributor, usually the natural gas utility for that location. As a result, the Corporation is subject to the risk that a natural gas distributor suffers disruptions or curtailments in its ability to deliver the natural gas or that the Corporation is limited in the amounts of natural gas it is permitted to request. Any disruptions or curtailments could impact the Corporation's ability to operate natural gas-fired generating facilities, and as a result, could materially adversely affect the Corporation.
The Corporation may be adversely affected if its supply of water is impaired.
Hydroelectric and coal-fired plants require continuous water flow for their operation. Shifts in weather patterns, run-off and other factors beyond the control of the Corporation may impair the water flow to the Corporation's facilities. Any water flow impairment would limit the Corporation's ability to produce and market electricity from these facilities and could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. In addition, there is an increasing level of regulation respecting the use, treatment and discharge of water. Any such change in regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
If the Corporation fails to attract and retain key personnel, it could be materially adversely affected.
The loss of any of the Corporation's key personnel or its inability to attract, train, retain and motivate additional qualified management and other personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation. Competition for these personnel is intense and there can be no assurance that the Corporation will be successful in this regard.
If the Corporation is unable to successfully negotiate new collective bargaining agreements with its unionized workforce, as required from time to time, it will be adversely affected.
While the Corporation believes it has a good relationship with its unionized employees, the Corporation cannot guarantee that it will be able to successfully negotiate or renegotiate its collective bargaining agreements on terms agreeable to the Corporation. Any problems in negotiating these collective bargaining agreements could lead to higher employee costs and a work stoppage or strike, which could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
29
General
For a description of the business of the Corporation, see the Annual Information Form.
Canadian Environmental Requirements
Legislative and Permit Requirements
General. The Corporation is subject to numerous environmental protection requirements involving air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, waste management, handling and use of hazardous substances, noise abatement, and land use aesthetics. These requirements are found in applicable federal and provincial laws and regulations, as well as in the approvals and permits issued in connection with the Corporation's facilities located in Canada by the regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over those facilities.
Alberta. The Corporation's facilities in Alberta are subject to the provisions of a number of provincial statutes. In particular, the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (Alberta) (the "EPEA") and underlying regulations apply to the Corporation's activities in Alberta. Additional provincial statutes which apply or might apply to the Corporation's activities in Alberta include the Water Act (Alberta) and the Dangerous Goods Transportation and Handling Act (Alberta). Collectively, these statutes and their respective regulations govern the handling, storage, use and release of essentially all hazardous substances and non-hazardous pollutants in Alberta. The EPEA also governs the granting of approvals required to operate power generation and related facilities in the province. The Corporation currently holds valid approvals under the EPEA for all of its facilities in Alberta which require such approvals. Each of these approvals contains requirements specific to the facility in respect of which it is issued and prescribes various operating criteria and thresholds which must be met at that facility on an ongoing basis. Alberta Environment, the regulatory body which administers these approvals, has a significant amount of discretion in setting the terms of such approvals, and these terms are subject to further potential modification by Alberta Environment when the approval expires and must be renewed. The Corporation is not aware of any proposed material changes in the terms of its existing approvals when they are next renewed that could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation.
The Alberta Government recently implemented regulations requiring reductions of mercury emissions from all coal-fired generation. Emission control equipment is required to be installed by 2010. TransAlta is currently evaluating technology options. The Corporation's coal units under the Alberta PPAs are protected from these compliance costs under the change-in-law provisions of the agreements.
Ontario. The Environmental Protection Act (Ontario) (the "EPA") and underlying regulations apply to the Corporation's activities in Ontario. Of particular relevance to the Corporation is the recent proclamation of Regulation 397/01, known as the Emissions Trading regulation. Under this regulation, all electrical generation facilities are subject to a "cap and trade" regime whereby each is allotted a fixed number of allowances which permit it to emit a set volume of sulfur dioxide ("SO2") and nitrogen oxides ("NOx") during a particular year. If a facility's emissions in a particular year exceed its allotment for that year, that facility must acquire a sufficient number of surplus allowances on the open market to offset the excess emissions. The Corporation has applied for and has received the allotments of such allowances for its facilities for 2006, and believes at this time that the aggregate number of allowances allotted to the Corporation's facilities in Ontario are adequate to meet the Corporation's 2006 compliance requirement.
National Climate Change. The Canadian government has ratified the Kyoto Protocol which implies national reduction targets for greenhouse gases beginning in 2008. However, the Canadian Government has not confirmed whether it will adhere to the Kyoto targets and schedules, or implement a separate Canadian climate change program. The regulatory framework for Canada's climate change program has not yet been established, so it is impossible to estimate its impacts. However, TransAlta does anticipate some form of greenhouse gas regulation in the next one to two years.
At a provincial level, Alberta has recently passed the Climate Change and Emissions Management Act (Alberta) (the "CCEMA"). This CCEMA provides enabling legislation for the Province to regulate greenhouse
30
gas emissions. The jurisdictional issues and coordination between the federal and Alberta governments on this matter have yet to be determined.
Nonetheless, as one of Canada's large final emitters of greenhouse gases, TransAlta has developed a climate change strategy which involves internal efficiency improvements, increased use of less carbon-intensive fuels, investment in international emissions offsets and reduction credits, and investment in clean coal technology. By 2005 TransAlta had reduced its worldwide greenhouse gas emissions intensity (tonnes emissions per MWh produced), by 11 per cent from 1990 levels, in spite of increasing its total power generation by approximately 77 per cent over the same period.
United States Environmental Regulation
The following is a description of certain of the United States federal and state environmental laws, regulations and guidelines concerning the generation and transmission of electrical and thermal energy and surface mining. In general, the Corporation's operations are subject to laws, regulations and guidelines pertaining to pollution and protection of the environment, health and safety, governing among other things, emissions to air, discharge to waters and the generation, handling, storage, treatment and disposal of waste and other materials, and remediation of contaminated sites. These laws can impose liability for costs to investigate and remediate contamination without regard to fault and under certain circumstances liability may be joint and several resulting in one responsible party being held responsible for the entire obligation. Liability may also include damages to natural resources. The Corporation's Centralia coal mine is subject to these regulations, and may be subject to more stringent mine safety regulation in the future as a result of these developments.
Air Emissions
General. The Corporation's United States facilities are subject to the United States federal Clean Air Act and many state laws and regulations relating to air emissions, including laws and regulations related to carbon monoxide ("CO"), SO2, NOx, and particulate matter ("PM") and emissions contributing to the formation of ground-level ozone. As a general matter, the Corporation's generating facilities emit these pollutants at levels within the limits of currently applicable permits and other regulatory requirements. In addition to the regulatory programs described below, further legislative or administrative amendments to, or new interpretations or enforcement policies related to, the air pollution regulations are possible, including multi-pollutant legislation, regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, and amendments to the regulations governing the permitting of new or modified major sources of air pollutants.
The EPA has proposed additional rules to govern fine particulates and regional haze. Depending on the final outcome of these rulemakings, the Corporation may be required to spend additional capital or purchase allowances, as the case may be, to comply with the rules. Until final rules are adopted, however, the Corporation cannot estimate whether any compliance requirements will be material. In addition, the United States declined to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, and as a result, does not have a federal greenhouse gas emission program. Regional programs may develop, however, including California and Washington, and compliance with such programs may require significant additional expenditures, but unless and until such programs become a reality the Corporation cannot estimate any costs associated with compliance. In June, 2006, the United States Supreme Court granted review in Massachusetts v. EPA, which case may lead to potential federal regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act.
Mercury. On March 18, 2005, the EPA issued the Clean Air Mercury Rule ("CAMR"), creating a market-based cap-and-trade program that will reduce nationwide coal-fired utility emissions of mercury in two distinct phases. In the first phase of the program, which will come into effect in 2010, the annual nationwide cap is 38 tons and emissions may be reduced by taking advantage of "co-benefit" reductions; that is, mercury reductions achieved by reducing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions under other regulatory programs. In the second phase, which takes effect in 2018, coal-fired power plants will be subject to a second annual cap, which will reduce emissions nationwide to 15 tons upon full implementation. States may join the trading program by adopting the CAMR model trading rule in state regulations, or they may adopt regulations that mirror the necessary components of the model trading rule. States are not required to adopt a cap-and-trade program and may promulgate alternative regulations, such as command and control regulations, that are
31
equivalent to or more stringent than the CAMR's suggested cap-and-trade program. Any program adopted by a state must be approved by the EPA.
Contemporaneous with the adoption of the CAMR, the EPA rescinded its previous finding that mercury emissions from coal-fired electric generating units were required to be regulated pursuant to Section 112 of the federal Clean Air Act. Litigation has already been filed challenging the EPA's rescission action and claiming that the agency should have imposed technology-based limitations on mercury emissions instead of adopting a market-based program. Litigation was also filed to challenge the CAMR following its publication in the Federal Register. As a result of these challenges, the CAMR rules may change in terms of substance and timetables.
To the extent that Washington implements the CAMR by adopting a cap-and-trade program for achieving reductions in mercury emissions, the Corporation may have the option to purchase mercury emission allowances, to install control equipment (or otherwise to alter operations so as to reduce mercury emissions), or some combination thereof. However, because the mercury state implementation plans are not due until October 31, 2006 and such plans may not adopt the CAMR's cap-and-trade program, and because the Corporation cannot predict the outcome of the legal challenge to the CAMR and the EPA's decision not to regulate mercury emissions pursuant to Section 112 of the federal Clean Air Act, the full impact of this regulation currently cannot be assessed. Additional capital costs at the Centralia facility related to these regulations could be required in the future and they could be material, depending upon the final standards adopted by the EPA. The Corporation's approach to meeting these obligations will continue to be based upon an ongoing assessment of the federal requirements and market conditions.
Water Quality
The federal Clean Water Act generally prohibits the discharge of pollutants (including heat) into any body of surface water, except in compliance with a discharge permit issued by a state environmental agency or the EPA.
The EPA has published its "Phase II" and "Phase III" final rules under Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act relating to the design and operation of existing cooling water intake structures, which apply to existing power plants that withdraw more than fifty million gallons of water per day and use at least 25% for cooling purposes, and small intakes, respectively. The Phase II rules are the subject of ongoing litigation, and it is reasonably likely that the Phase III rules will also become the subject of litigation. The requirements to achieve compliance with the Phase II and Phase III rules are subject to various factors, including the results of the litigation and any future litigation, but if the rules remain unchanged, the Corporation believes that neither the Phase II or Phase III rules will be applicable to its facilities; therefore, the Corporation does not expect to be required to make any material capital expenditures to comply.
Solid Waste and Toxics
The Corporation's facilities are subject to the requirements of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, along with other federal and state laws and regulations. The Corporation believes that it is substantially compliant with these requirements. In connection with the Corporation's acquisition of the Centralia facility, it assumed certain environmental liabilities. Similarly, the interest acquired by the Corporation in CE Generation, LLC, is subject to certain environmental liabilities. The Corporation does not believe the liabilities associated with solid waste, hazardous waste, contaminated properties and related matters, either individually or in the aggregate, are material.
Surface Mining
The Corporation's surface mining operations are subject to the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, or SMCRA, which establishes mining, environmental protection and reclamation standards for all aspects of surface mining. Mine operators must obtain SMCRA permits for authorization of certain mining operations that result in a disturbance of the surface. These requirements seek to limit the adverse impacts of coal mining and more restrictive requirements may be adopted from time to time. Mine operators must also submit a bond or otherwise secure payment of certain long-term obligations, including mine
32
closure or reclamation costs. Surety bond costs have increased in recent years while the market terms of such bonds have generally become more unfavourable. In addition, the number of companies willing to issue surety bonds has decreased.
The Corporation is presently working on a proposed expansion of the Centralia mine that would require, among other items, revised SMCRA and Clean Water Act Permits, as well as approval from the Army Corps of Engineers. The Army Corps of Engineers will likely require mitigation from the Corporation for impacts to wetlands in the expansion area, and the costs associated with such mitigation could be material.
United States Energy Regulation
The Corporation's United States facilities are subject to regulation under the Federal Power Act ("FPA"), and rules and regulations of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC"). FERC regulation under the FPA includes approval of the disposition of FERC-jurisdictional utility property, authorization of the issuance of securities by public utilities, regulation of the rates, terms and conditions for the transmission or sale of electric energy at wholesale in interstate commerce, and the regulation of interlocking directorates The Corporation's operations and projects may further be subject to the jurisdiction of other federal agencies and/or state utility commissions.
Under the FPA and FERC's regulations, the wholesale sale of power at market-based or cost-based rates requires that the seller have authorization issued by FERC to sell power at wholesale pursuant to a FERC-accepted rate schedule. FERC grants market-based rate authorization based on several criteria, including a showing that the seller and its affiliates lack market power in generation and transmission, that the seller and its affiliates cannot erect other barriers to market entry and that there is no opportunity for abusive transactions involving regulated affiliates of the seller. All of the Corporation's affiliates that own domestic power plants as well as the Corporation's power marketing companies that operate in the United States are authorized by FERC to make wholesale sales of power at market-based rates.
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 ("EPAct of 2005"), enacted in August 2005, amended the FPA, and also repealed the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, pursuant to which the SEC previously had substantial regulatory authority over public utility holding companies. EPAct of 2005, among other things, transferred regulatory oversight of such holding companies from the SEC to the FERC. The Corporation's facilities are currently exempt from holding company regulation. EPAct of 2005 also contained provisions intended to prohibit manipulation of the electric energy markets and increase the ability of FERC to enforce and promote entities' compliance with the statutes, orders, rules, and regulations that FERC administers. To implement the market manipulation provision of EPAct 2005, FERC issued final rules in early 2006 making it unlawful for any entity, in connection with the purchase or sale of electricity, or the purchase or sale of electric transmission service under FERC's jurisdiction, to (1) use or employ any devise, scheme or artifice to defraud; (2) make any untrue statements of a material fact, or omit to state a material fact needed in order to make a statement not misleading; or (3) engage in any act, practice, or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any entity. EPAct of 2005 also enhanced FERC's enforcement authorities by, among other things, increasing the maximum civil penalty FERC may assess under the Natural Gas Act or Part II of the FPA to $1,000,000 per violation for each day that the violation continues, and expanding the scope of the criminal provisions of the FPA by increasing the maximum fines and increasing the maximum imprisonment time. Accordingly, in the future, violations of the FPA and FERC's regulations could potentially have more serious consequences than in the past.
The Corporation cannot predict what effect other provisions of EPAct of 2005 and FERC's regulations implementing them may have on the Corporation's business until FERC promulgates final rules implementing all of EPAct of 2005's provisions and any appeals of such rules are concluded. Failure by the Corporation or its projects to comply with applicable federal or state laws and regulations, and/or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of any permits, licenses or other governmental authorizations could subject the Corporation to civil or criminal fines or penalties, including refunds, or other regulatory action which might be materially adverse to the operation of the Corporation's business, results of operations and financial condition.
33
Unless otherwise specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to the Securities, certain legal matters relating to Canadian law in connection with the offering of Securities will be passed upon for the Corporation by McCarthy Tétrault LLP, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and certain legal matters relating to United States law in connection with the offering of Securities will be passed upon for the Corporation by Latham & Watkins LLP, New York, New York. In addition, certain legal matters relating to United States law in connection with the offering of Securities will be passed upon for any underwriters, dealers or agents by Shearman & Sterling LLP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The partners and associates of McCarthy Tétrault LLP, as a group beneficially own, directly or indirectly, less than 1% of the outstanding securities of any class or series of the Corporation.
DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
The following documents have been filed with the SEC either separately or as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus forms a part: the documents listed herein under "Documents Incorporated by Reference" and "Certain Available Information"; the consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Chartered Accountants; certain powers of attorney; the Indenture; appointment of agent for service of process and undertaking on Form F-X; and the Statement of Eligibility of the Trustee on Form T-1.
ENFORCEMENT OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
The Corporation is a Canadian corporation, and the majority of its assets and operations are located, and the majority of its revenues are derived, outside the United States. The Corporation has appointed CT Corporation System, New York, New York, as its agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against it in any federal or state court in the State of New York arising from this offering. However, it may not be possible for investors to enforce outside the United States judgments against the Corporation obtained in the United States in any such actions, including actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal and state securities laws. In addition, certain of the directors and officers of the Corporation are residents of Canada or other jurisdictions outside of the United States, and all or a substantial portion of the assets of those directors and officers are or may be located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon those persons, or to enforce against them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of United Stated federal and state securities laws.
34
US$
% Senior Notes Due 2018
of
TransAlta Corporation
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
May , 2008