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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

Commission file number 001-33159

AerCap Holdings N.V.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

The Netherlands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

AerCap
AerCap House
Stationsplein 965
1117 CE Schiphol
The Netherlands
+ 31 20 655 9655
(Address of principal executive offices)

Wouter M. den Dikken, AerCap House, Stationsplein 965, 1117 CE Schiphol, The Netherlands,
Telephone number: +31 20 655 9655, Fax number: +31 20 655 9100
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares   The New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
6.375% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2017

         Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or ordinary stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

Ordinary Shares, Euro 0.01 par value

  113,783,799

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý    No o

         If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes o    No ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ý   Accelerated filer o   Non accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o

         Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ý   International Financial Reporting Standards as
issued by the International Accounting Standards Board o
  Other o

         If "Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow: Item 17 o    Item 18 o

         If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý

   


Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Special Note About Forward Looking Statements

    1  

Item 1.

 

Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

    2  

Item 2.

 

Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

    2  

Item 3.

 

Key Information

    2  

Item 4.

 

Information on the Company

    28  

Item 4A.

 

Unresolved Staff Comments

    47  

Item 5.

 

Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

    47  

Item 6.

 

Directors, Senior Management and Employees

    76  

Item 7.

 

Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

    87  

Item 8.

 

Financial Information

    88  

Item 9.

 

The Offer and Listing. 

    88  

Item 10.

 

Additional Information. 

    90  

Item 11.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. 

    107  

Item 12.

 

Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities. 

    108  

Item 13.

 

Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies. 

    109  

Item 14.

 

Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds. 

    109  

Item 15.

 

Controls and Procedures. 

    109  

Item 16A.

 

Audit committee financial expert

    110  

Item 16B.

 

Code of Conduct

    110  

Item 16C.

 

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

    110  

Item 16D.

 

Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

    111  

Item 16E.

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

    111  

Item 16F.

 

Change in Registrant's Certifying Accountant

    111  

Item 16G.

 

Corporate Governance

    111  

Item 16H.

 

Mine Safety Disclosures

    112  

Item 17.

 

Financial Statements

    113  

Item 18.

 

Financial Statements

    113  

Item 19.

 

Exhibits

    113  

Signatures

    115  

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

    F-1  

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SPECIAL NOTE ABOUT FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This annual report includes "forward looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, principally under the captions "Item 3. Key Information—Risks Related to our Business", "Item 4. Information on the Company" and "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects". We have based these forward looking statements largely on our current beliefs and projections about future events and financial trends affecting our business. Many important factors, in addition to those discussed in this annual report, could cause our actual results to differ substantially from those anticipated in our forward looking statements, including, among other things:

        The words "believe", "may", "aim", "estimate", "continue", "anticipate", "intend", "expect" and similar words are intended to identify forward looking statements. Forward looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, financing plans, competitive position, industry environment, potential growth opportunities, the effects of future regulation and the effects of competition. Forward looking statements speak only as of the date they were made and we undertake no obligation to update publicly or to revise any forward looking statements because of new information, future events or other factors. In light of the risks and uncertainties described above, the forward looking events and circumstances described in this annual report might not occur and are not guarantees of future performance.

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PART I

Item 1.    Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

        Not applicable.

Item 2.    Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

        Not applicable.

Item 3.    Key Information

        AerCap Holdings N.V. was formed as a Netherlands public limited liability company ("naamloze vennootschap" or "N.V.") on July 10, 2006. On November 27, 2006, we completed the initial public offering of 26.1 million of our ordinary shares on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"). On August 6, 2007 we completed the secondary offering of 20.0 million additional ordinary shares on the NYSE. On March 25, 2010, the all-share acquisition of Genesis (the "Genesis Transaction") was completed and increased our outstanding ordinary shares by 34.3 million. On November 11, 2010, we completed a transaction with Abu Dhabi-based investment holding company Waha Capital PJSC ("Waha") (the "Waha Transaction"). As part of this transaction our outstanding ordinary shares increased by 29.8 million. On October 7, 2011, we closed on the sale of our wholly-owned subsidiary AeroTurbine, Inc ("AeroTurbine") to ILFC (the "AeroTurbine Transaction"). On November 14, 2012 we sold our equity interest in Aircraft Lease Securitisation Limited ("ALS") to a subsidiary of Guggenheim Partners, LLC ("Guggenheim") (the "ALS Transaction"). During 2011 and 2012 we repurchased 35.9 million of our ordinary shares in the market under our share repurchase programs. These shares have all been cancelled. As of December 31, 2013, we had 113.8 million shares issued and outstanding.

        On December 16, 2013, we announced that we entered into a definitive agreement with American International Group ("AIG") under which we will acquire 100% of the common stock of ILFC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of AIG. If the ILFC Transaction is completed, the combined company will retain the name AerCap, and ILFC will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of AerCap. Upon consummation of the ILFC Transaction, our total aircraft portfolio will consist of over 1,300 aircraft and an order book of 379 new aircraft contracted to be delivered as of December 31, 2013. Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, AIG will receive $3.0 billion in cash and 97,560,976 AerCap shares. As part of the ILFC Transaction, AerCap will assume approximately $21 billion of ILFC's debt. In addition, AIG will provide AerCap with a committed five-year $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. The ILFC Transaction is subject to receipt of necessary regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions and is expected to close in the second quarter of 2014. We cannot assure you that we will be able to satisfy the conditions or obtain the approvals required to complete the ILFC Transaction (See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to the ILFC Transaction").

Selected financial data.

        The following table presents AerCap Holdings N.V.'s selected consolidated financial data for each of the periods indicated, prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This information should be read in conjunction with AerCap Holdings N.V.'s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes and "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects". The financial information presented as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013 was derived from AerCap Holdings N.V.'s audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. The financial information presented as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010 was derived from AerCap Holdings N.V. audited consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report.

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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

 
  As of December 31,  
 
  2009(1)   2010(1)   2011(1)   2012(1)   2013  
 
  (U.S. dollars in thousands)
 

Assets

                               

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 182,617   $ 404,450   $ 411,081   $ 520,401   $ 295,514  

Restricted cash

    134,866     233,844     244,495     280,653     272,787  

Flight equipment held for operating leases, net

    5,230,437     8,061,260     7,895,874     7,261,899     8,085,947  

Notes receivable

    138,488     15,497     5,200     78,163     75,788  

Prepayments on flight equipment

    527,666     199,417     95,619     53,594     223,815  

Other assets

    555,427     697,519     462,533     439,088     497,290  
                       

Total assets

  $ 6,769,501   $ 9,611,987   $ 9,114,802   $ 8,633,798   $ 9,451,141  
                       
                       

Debt

    4,846,664     6,566,163     6,111,165     5,803,499     6,236,892  

Other liabilities

    509,505     828,427     720,320     707,393     785,071  
                       

Total liabilities

    5,356,169     7,394,590     6,831,485     6,510,892     7,021,909  

AerCap Holdings N.V shareholders' equity

    1,258,009     2,211,350     2,277,236     2,122,038     2,425,372  

Non-controlling interest

    155,323     6,047     6,081     868     3,860  
                       

Total equity

    1,413,332     2,217,397     2,283,317     2,122,906     2,429,232  
                       

Total liabilities and equity

  $ 6,769,501   $ 9,611,987   $ 9,114,802   $ 8,633,798   $ 9,451,141  
                       
                       

(1)
The Consolidated Balance Sheet for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes a reclassification of $51.6 million from deferred income tax asset to deferred income tax liability which was previously presented on a net basis as part of the deferred tax asset. There were no changes to Net Income or Total Equity as a result of this reclassification in that period. No reclassifications were made to the periods prior to 2012 as the impact is not considered material.

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Consolidated Income Statement Data:

 
  Year ended December 31,  
 
  2009(1)   2010(1)(2)   2011   2012   2013  
 
  (U.S. dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)
 

Revenues

                               

Lease revenue

  $ 581,134   $ 902,320   $ 1,050,536   $ 997,147   $ 976,147  

Net gain (loss) on sale of assets

    40,243     36,204     9,284     (46,421 )   41,873  

Management fee revenue

    12,964     12,975     19,059     17,311     20,651  

Interest revenue

    9,459     3,913     2,761     2,471     5,525  

Other revenue

    3,692     3,866     12,283     2,012     5,870  
                       

Total revenues

    647,492     959,278     1,093,923     972,520     1,050,066  

Expenses

                               

Depreciation

    194,161     307,706     361,210     357,347     337,730  

Asset impairment

    18,833     10,905     15,594     12,625     26,155  

Interest on debt

    86,193     233,985     292,486     286,019     226,329  

Other expenses

    68,067     67,829     73,836     78,241     59,982  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    76,628     80,627     120,746     83,409     89,079  
                       

Total expenses

    443,882     701,052     863,872     817,641     739,275  
                       

Income from continuing operations before income taxes and income of investments accounted for under the equity method

    203,610     258,226     230,051     154,879     310,791  

Provision for income taxes

    (953 )   (22,194 )   (15,460 )   (8,067 )   (26,026 )

Net income of investments accounted for under the equity method

    983     3,713     10,904     11,630     10,637  
                       

Net income from continuing operations

    203,640     239,745     225,495     158,442     295,402  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations (AeroTurbine, including loss on disposal), net of tax

    2,731     (3,199 )   (52,745 )        

Bargain purchase gain ("Amalgamation gain"), net of transaction expenses

        274              
                       
                       

Net Income

  $ 206,371   $ 236,820   $ 172,750   $ 158,442   $ 295,402  

Net loss (income) attributable to non- controlling interest, net of tax

    (41,205 )   (29,247 )   (526 )   5,213     (2,992 )

Net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V

  $ 165,166   $ 207,573   $ 172,224   $ 163,655   $ 292,410  
                       
                       

Net income per share—basic

                               

Continuing operations

  $ 1.94   $ 1.81   $ 1.53   $ 1.24   $ 2.58  

Discontinued operations

  $ 0.03   $ (0.03 ) $ (0.36 ) $   $  

Net income per share—basic

  $ 1.94   $ 1.81   $ 1.17   $ 1.24   $ 2.58  

Net income per share—diluted

                               

Continuing operations

  $ 1.91   $ 1.84   $ 1.53   $ 1.24   $ 2.54  

Discontinued operations

  $ 0.03   $ (0.03 ) $ (0.36 ) $   $  

Net income per share—diluted

  $ 1.94   $ 1.81   $ 1.17   $ 1.24   $ 2.54  

(1)
As a result of the sale of AeroTurbine and based on ASC 205-20, which governs financial statements for discontinued operations, the results of AeroTurbine have been reclassified to discontinued operations.

(2)
Includes the results of Genesis for the period from March 25, 2010 (date of acquisition) to December 31, 2010.

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RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to Our Business

We require significant capital to fund our obligations under our forward purchase commitments.

        As of December 31, 2013, we had 44 new aircraft on order, which included three A330 aircraft, five A320neo aircraft, nine A350 aircraft, 20 Boeing 737 aircraft (including five purchase rights as part of a Boeing order), and seven Boeing 787 aircraft. If we complete the ILFC Transaction, we expect to have 379 new aircraft on order (as of December 31, 2013). In order to meet our commitments under our forward purchase contracts (and if the ILFC Transaction is completed, under ILFC's forward purchase contracts), and to maintain an adequate level of unrestricted cash, we will need to raise additional funds through a combination of accessing committed debt facilities and securing additional financing for pre-delivery and final delivery payment obligations and we may need to raise additional funds through selling aircraft or other aircraft investments, including participations in our joint ventures, and if necessary, generating proceeds from potential capital market transactions. Our typical sources of funding may not be sufficient to meet our operating requirements and fund our forward purchase commitments, and we may be required to raise additional capital through the issuance of new equity or equity-linked securities. If we issue new equity or equity-linked securities, the percentage ownership of our then current shareholders would be diluted. Any newly issued equity or equity-linked securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of our ordinary shares.

Our business model depends on the continual re-leasing of our aircraft when current leases expire and the leasing of new aircraft on order, and we may not be able to do so on favorable terms, if at all.

        Our business model depends on the continual re-leasing of our aircraft when our current leases expire in order to generate sufficient revenues to finance our operations and pay our debt service obligations. Between December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2016, aircraft leases accounting for 30.1% of our lease revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013 are scheduled to expire, and the aircraft subject to those leases that we do not sell prior to lease termination will need to be re-leased or the current leases will need to be extended. In 2013, we generated $24.0 million of revenues from leases that are scheduled to expire in 2014, $98.5 million of revenues from leases that are scheduled to expire in 2015 and $124.7 million of revenues from leases that are scheduled to expire in 2016. Our ability to re-lease our existing aircraft or lease a new aircraft prior to delivery will depend on general market and competitive conditions at the time the leases expire or prior to delivery. If we are unable to re-lease an existing aircraft or lease a new aircraft prior to delivery on acceptable terms, our lease revenue and margin may decline and we may need to sell the aircraft at unfavorable prices to provide adequate funds for our debt service obligations and to otherwise finance our operations.

Our financial condition is dependent, in part, on the financial strength of our lessees; lessee defaults, bankruptcies and other credit problems could adversely affect our financial results.

        Our financial condition depends on the financial strength of our lessees, our ability to appropriately assess the credit risk of our lessees and the ability of lessees to perform under our leases. In 2013, we generated the primary portion of our revenue from leases to the aviation industry, and as a result, we are indirectly affected by all the risks facing airlines today. The ability of our lessees to perform their obligations under our leases will depend primarily on the lessee's financial condition and cash flow, which may be affected by factors outside our control, including:

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        Generally, airlines with high financial leverage are more likely than airlines with stronger balance sheets to seek operating leases. As a result, most of our existing lessees are not rated investment grade by the principal U.S. rating agencies and may suffer liquidity problems, and, at any point in time, may experience lease payment difficulties or be significantly in arrears in their obligations under our leases. Some lessees encountering financial difficulties may seek a reduction in their lease rates or other concessions, such as a decrease in their contribution toward maintenance obligations. Further or future downturns in the aviation industry could greatly exacerbate the weakened financial condition and liquidity problems of some of our lessees and further increase the risk of delayed, missed or reduced rental payments. We may not correctly assess the credit risk of each lessee or charge lease rates which correctly reflect related risks, and our lessees may not be able to continue to meet their financial and other obligations under our leases in the future. A delayed, missed or reduced rental payment from a lessee decreases our revenues and cash flow. Our default levels may increase over time if economic conditions deteriorate. If lessees of a significant number of our aircraft default on their leases, our financial results will be adversely affected.

If our lessees encounter financial difficulties and we decide to restructure our leases, the restructuring would likely result in less favorable leases which could adversely affect our financial results.

        If a lessee is late in making payments, fails to make payments in full or in part under a lease or has advised us that it will fail to make payments in full or in part under a lease in the future, we may elect or be required to restructure the lease, which could result in less favorable terms or termination of a lease without receiving all or any of the past due amounts. We may be unable to agree upon acceptable terms for some or all of the requested restructurings and as a result may be forced to exercise our remedies under those leases. If we, in the exercise of our remedies, repossess an aircraft, we may not be able to re-lease the aircraft promptly at favorable rates, if at all. We expect that additional restructurings and/or repossessions with some lessees will occur in the future. If additional repossessions occur we will incur significant costs and expenses that are unlikely to be recouped and terms and conditions of possible lease restructurings may result in a significant reduction of lease revenue, all of which may adversely affect our financial results.

We have incurred costs resulting from lessee defaults and may incur similar costs in the future.

        We may also suffer other adverse consequences as a result of a lessee default and the related termination of the lease and repossession of the related aircraft. Our rights upon a lessee default vary significantly depending upon the jurisdiction and the applicable law, including the need to obtain a

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court order for repossession of the aircraft and/or consents for de-registration or re-export of the aircraft. When a defaulting lessee is in bankruptcy, protective administration, insolvency or similar proceedings, additional limitations may apply. Certain jurisdictions give rights to the trustee in bankruptcy or a similar officer to assume or reject the lease or to assign it to a third party, or entitle the lessee or another third party to retain possession of the aircraft without paying lease rentals or performing all or some of the obligations under the relevant lease. In addition, certain of our lessees are owned in whole, or in part, by government-related entities, which could complicate our efforts to repossess our aircraft in that government's jurisdiction. Accordingly, we may be delayed in, or prevented from, enforcing certain of our rights under a lease and in re-leasing the affected aircraft.

        If we repossess an aircraft, we will not necessarily be able to export or de-register and profitably redeploy the aircraft. For instance, where a lessee or other operator flies only domestic routes in the jurisdiction in which the aircraft is registered, repossession may be more difficult, especially if the jurisdiction permits the lessee or the other operator to resist de-registration. We may also incur significant costs in retrieving or recreating aircraft records required for registration of the aircraft, and in obtaining the certificate of airworthiness for an aircraft. If we incur significant costs repossessing our aircraft, are delayed in repossessing our aircraft or are unable to obtain possession of our aircraft as a result of lessee defaults, our financial results may be materially and adversely affected.

        During 2013, two of our lessees, leasing three of our aircraft, defaulted. The total cost of these defaults in terms of lost revenue during off-lease periods, impairments and related technical costs, net of the release of deposits and maintenance reserves, totaled $10.5 million during 2013. As a result of the current economic environment, the highly competitive nature of the airline industry and increasing fuel prices, additional lessees might default on their lease obligations or file for bankruptcy in the future. If we are required to repossess an aircraft they lease, we may be required to incur significant unexpected costs. Those costs include legal and other expenses of court or other governmental proceedings, including the cost of posting security bonds or letters of credit necessary to effect repossession of the aircraft, particularly if the lessee is contesting the proceedings or is in bankruptcy. In addition, during these proceedings the relevant aircraft is not generating revenue. We may also incur substantial maintenance, refurbishment or repair costs that a defaulting lessee has failed to pay and that are necessary to put the aircraft in suitable condition for re-lease or sale. It may also be necessary to pay off liens, taxes and other governmental charges on the aircraft to obtain clear possession and to remarket the aircraft effectively, including, in some cases, liens that the lessee may have incurred in connection with the operation of its other aircraft. We may also incur other costs in connection with the physical possession of the aircraft.

The business of leasing, financing and selling aircraft has historically experienced prolonged periods of oversupply during which lease rates and aircraft values, relating particularly to older and less fuel efficient aircraft, have declined, and any future oversupply could materially and adversely affect our financial results.

        In the past, the business of leasing, financing and selling aircraft has experienced prolonged periods of equipment shortages and oversupply. Over recent years, the business of leasing, financing and selling aircraft has experienced a market that had been characterized by an oversupply of certain older, less fuel-efficient aircraft. The oversupply of a specific type of aircraft typically depresses the lease rates for, and the value of, that type of aircraft. The supply and demand for aircraft is affected by various cyclical and non-cyclical factors that are outside of our control, including:

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        During recent years, the airline industry has committed to a significant number of aircraft deliveries through order placements with manufacturers. In response, aircraft manufacturers have raised their production output. The increase in these production levels could result in an oversupply of aircraft if growth in projected airline traffic does not meet airline industry expectations.

The value and lease rates of our aircraft could decline and this would have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

        Aircraft values and lease rates have historically experienced sharp decreases due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, decreases in passenger air travel and air cargo demand, increases in fuel costs, government regulation and increases in interest rates. In addition to factors linked to the aviation industry generally, many other factors may affect the value and lease rates of our aircraft, including:

        Any decrease in the value and lease rates of aircraft which may result from the above factors or other factors not mentioned above, may have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

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Changes in demand and supply of aircraft could depress lease rates and the value of our aircraft portfolio.

        During the recent global recession, the airline industry substantially curtailed capacity. As traffic demand recovered from late 2009, the continued capacity control resulted in a substantial recovery in financial performance of the airline industry. Although year-on-year growth rates have begun to normalize, the gradual increase in production rates by aircraft manufacturers may increase the risk of renewed overcapacity in the market. The potential for deteriorating financial performance of the airline industry as a result of capacity growth exceeding traffic demand growth could result in lower demand for our aircraft. As a result, the values and lease rates for our aircraft might be negatively impacted.

We were required to write-down the value of some of our assets during 2011, 2012 and 2013, and if economic conditions worsen again or further worsen, we may be required to make additional write-downs.

        We test long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets' carrying amounts are not recoverable from their undiscounted cash flows. We performed impairment analyses of our long-lived assets during the year 2013 and as of December 31, 2013. In these impairment analyses, we focused on aircraft older than 15 years, since the cash flows supporting our carrying values of those aircraft are more dependent upon current lease contracts, which leases are more sensitive to weakness in the global economic environment. In addition, we believe that residual values of older aircraft are more exposed to non-recoverable declines in value in the current economic environment. In the year ended December 31, 2013, we recognized an aggregated impairment charge of $26.2 million in income from continuing operations. The impairment recognized related to two older A319 aircraft, two Boeing 737-700 aircraft and two older Boeing 747 freighters. The impairment on the Boeing 737-700 aircraft was triggered by the release of $9.9 million of maintenance reserve upon redelivery whereas the impairment on the two Boeing 747 freighters was triggered by the receipt of $17.7 million end-of-lease payments. The impairment on the two older A319 aircraft was the result of our annual assessment whereby we concluded that the net book values were no longer supportable based on the latest cash flow estimates including residual value proceeds. In the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, we recognized aggregate impairment charges of $15.6 million and $12.6 million, respectively.

        If conditions significantly worsen again uncertainties may cause a potential adverse impact on our business. In particular, our estimates and assumptions regarding forecasted cash flows from our long-lived assets would need to be reassessed. This includes the duration of the economic downturn along with the timing and strength of the pending recovery, both of which are important variables for purposes of our long-lived asset impairment tests. Any of our assumptions may prove to be inaccurate which could adversely impact forecasted cash flows of certain long-lived assets, especially for aircraft older than 15 years. If so, it is possible that an impairment may be triggered for other long-lived assets in 2014 and that any such impairment amounts may be material. As of December 31, 2013, 13 aircraft were older than 15 years of age, with a net book value of $206.8 million which represented 2.6% of our total flight equipment held for operating lease.

Our limited control over our joint ventures may delay or prevent us from implementing our business strategy which may adversely affect our financial results.

        We are currently joint venture partners in several joint ventures. Under the joint venture agreements, we share control over significant decisions with our joint venture partners. Since we have limited control over our joint ventures and may not be able to exercise control over any future joint venture, we may not be able to require our joint ventures to take actions that we believe are necessary to implement our business strategy. Accordingly, this limited control could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

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Changes in interest rates may adversely affect our financial results.

        We use floating rate debt to finance the acquisition of a significant portion of our aircraft and engines. As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2013, we had $3.5 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively, of floating rate indebtedness outstanding. We incurred floating rate interest expense of $88.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2013. If interest rates increase, we would be obligated to make higher interest payments to our lenders. Our practice has been to protect ourselves against interest rate increases on a portion of our floating-rate liabilities by entering into derivative contracts, such as interest rate caps and interest rate swaps. We remain exposed, however, to changes in interest rates to the extent that our derivative contracts are not correlated to our financial liabilities (Please refer to pages 107-108 for details regarding our interest rate derivatives). In addition, we are exposed to the credit risk that the counter parties to our derivative contracts will default in their obligations. If we incur significant fixed rate debt in the future, increased interest rates prevailing in the market at the time of the incurrence or refinancing of such debt will also increase our interest expense.

        Decreases in interest rates may also adversely affect our interest revenue on cash deposits as well as lease revenues generated from leases with lease rates tied to floating interest rates. In the year ended December 31, 2013, 12.9% of our basic lease revenue was attributable to leases with lease rates tied to floating interest rates. Therefore, if interest rates were to decrease, our lease revenue would decrease. In addition, since our fixed rate leases are based, in part, on prevailing interest rates at the time we enter into the lease, if interest rates decrease, new fixed rate leases we enter into may be at lower lease rates and our lease revenue will be adversely affected.

        As of December 31, 2013, if interest rates were to increase by 1%, we would expect to incur an increase in interest expense on our floating rate indebtedness of approximately $34.2 million on an annualized basis, including the offsetting benefits of interest rate caps and swaps currently in effect, which would be partially offset by an increase in our interest revenue of approximately $3.0 million and lease revenue by approximately $8.0 million on an annualized basis. A decrease in interest rates would result in a saving in our interest expense, which would be partially offset by a reduction in the interest revenue and lease revenue.

Our level of indebtedness requires significant debt service payments.

        As of December 31, 2013, our consolidated indebtedness was $6.2 billion and represented 66% of our total assets as of that date and our interest expense (including the impact of hedging activities) was $226.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. Due to the capital intensive nature of our business and our strategy of expanding our aircraft portfolio, we expect that we will incur additional indebtedness in the future and continue to maintain these levels of indebtedness. If market conditions worsen and precipitate further declines in aircraft- and aviation-related markets, our operations may not generate sufficient cash to service our debt which will have a material adverse impact on us. Our level of indebtedness:

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        In addition, if the ILFC Transaction is completed, we will assume ILFC's debt of approximately $21 billion and will incur additional debt, including approximately $3.0 billion of debt to finance the ILFC Transaction, which would further exacerbate the risks outlined above.

We are indirectly subject to many of the economic and political risks associated with emerging markets, which could adversely affect our financial results.

        A significant number of our aircraft are leased to airlines in emerging market countries. As of December 31, 2013, we leased 47.1% of our aircraft, weighted by net book value, to airlines in emerging market countries. The emerging markets in which our aircraft are operated are Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Russia, Slovenia, Taiwan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. We also may lease aircraft to airlines in other emerging market countries in the future.

        Emerging market countries have less-developed economies that are more vulnerable to economic and political problems and may experience significant fluctuations in gross domestic product, interest rates and currency exchange rates, as well as civil disturbances, government instability, nationalization and expropriation of private assets and the imposition of taxes or other charges by government authorities. The occurrence of any of these events in markets served by our lessees and the resulting economic instability that may arise could adversely affect the value of our ownership interest in aircraft subject to lease in such countries, or the ability of our lessees that operate in these markets to meet their lease obligations. As a result, lessees that operate in emerging market countries may be more likely to default than lessees that operate in developed countries. In addition, legal systems in emerging market countries may be less developed, which could make it more difficult for us to enforce our legal rights in such countries. For these and other reasons, our financial results may be materially and adversely affected by economic and political developments in emerging market countries.

We are exposed to significant regional political and economic risks due to the concentration of our lessees in certain geographical regions which could adversely affect our financial results.

        Through our lessees, we are exposed to local economic and political conditions. Such adverse economic and political conditions include additional regulation or, in extreme cases, requisition of our aircraft. The effect of these conditions on payments to us will be more or less pronounced, depending on the concentration of lessees in the region with adverse conditions. The airline industry is highly sensitive to general economic conditions. A recession or other worsening of economic conditions may have a material adverse effect on the ability of our lessees to meet their financial and other obligations under our leases. Furthermore a disruption in the financial markets, terrorist attacks, high fuel prices or a weak local currency may increase the adverse impact on our lessees.

        Lease rental revenues from lessees based in Europe accounted for 35% of our lease revenues in 2013. Commercial airlines in Europe face, and can be expected to continue to face, increased competitive pressures, in part as a result of the deregulation of the airline industry by the European Union and the resulting expansion of low-cost carriers. European countries generally have relatively strict environmental regulations and traffic constraints that can restrict operational flexibility and decrease aircraft productivity, which could significantly increase operating costs of all aircraft, including our aircraft, thereby adversely affecting our lessees According to International Air Transport Association ("IATA"), airline passenger traffic in Europe expanded by 3.8% and freight traffic expanded by 1.8% in 2013 compared to 2012. The risk of another economic recession in Europe could adversely impact the financial health of some European airlines including our lessees. A reduction in traffic growth in Europe could lower demand and lease rates and our ability to lease and release our aircraft in Europe.

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        Lease rental revenues from lessees based in Asia/Pacific/Russia accounted for 32% of our lease revenues in 2013. In recent periods, Asia has been one of the highest growth areas for airline passenger traffic and freight traffic, which has resulted in strong demand for aircraft from the region. According to IATA, Asian/Pacific airline passenger traffic in 2013 increased by 7.1% compared to 2012. Many airlines in the Asia Pacific region generate a relatively large portion of their revenues from cargo traffic, which contracted regionally by 1% in 2013 and expanded just 1.4% globally in 2013, while global freight capacity increased 2.6%. As a result, if the downturn in the air freight market persists, it could adversely impact individual airline financial performance, including that of our lessees and it could adversely impact cargo aircraft demand and lease rates and our ability to lease and release our freighter aircraft.

        Lease rental revenues from lessees based in North America, accounted for 18% of our lease revenues in 2013. According to IATA, passenger traffic increased by 2.3% compared to 2012, while freight traffic contracted by 0.4% in 2013. The lack of growth in the North American market has been offset by capacity discipline among North American airlines, which increased by only 2% in 2013. The order backlog for North American carriers, however, has increased substantially in recent years, creating the potential for accelerated capacity growth. Continuing slow traffic growth in North America in combination with accelerated capacity growth in 2014 could adversely affect the financial health of some airlines in the region, including our lessees, which also would adversely impact aircraft demand and lease rates and our ability to lease and release our aircraft.

        Lease rental revenues from lessees based in Latin America accounted for 11% of our lease revenues in 2013. Latin American traffic was up 6.3% during 2013, supported by strong growth in Chile, Colombia and Peru, according to IATA. Growth in Latin America was constricted, however, in comparison to traffic growth in 2012, by economic adversity and subsequent subdued traffic growth in Brazil, where domestic traffic only expanded by 0.8%, causing Brazilian airlines to cut capacity by 3.3% in 2013. Continued adverse economic conditions in Brazil or weakening economic conditions in other Latin American countries could still negatively impact the financial health of some Latin American airlines, including our lessees.

        Lease rental revenues from lessees based in Africa/Middle East accounted for 4% of our lease revenues in 2013. In recent years the airline industry in the Middle East experienced tremendous growth as a result of high oil prices, strong economic growth, significant investment in attracting tourism and gradual deregulation of the airline industry. Rapid traffic growth in the Middle East continued in 2013 with passenger traffic growing 11.4% year on year while cargo traffic increased by 12.8% according to IATA. During 2013, the 12% passenger capacity increase in the Middle East already exceeded traffic growth. Due to the region's substantial aircraft order backlog, continued high-paced growth is required to prevent overcapacity. As such the scheduled capacity growth committed by airlines in this region through aircraft orders could have an adverse impact on the financial health of some Middle Eastern airlines, including our lessees.

If we, or our lessees, fail to maintain our aircraft, their value may decline and we may not be able to lease or re-lease our aircraft at favorable rates, if at all, which would adversely affect our financial results.

        We may be exposed to increased maintenance costs for our leased aircraft associated with a lessee's failure to properly maintain the aircraft or pay supplemental maintenance rent. If an aircraft is not properly maintained, its market value may decline which would result in lower revenues from its lease or sale. Under our leases, our lessees are primarily responsible for maintaining the aircraft and complying with all governmental requirements applicable to the lessee and the aircraft, including operational, maintenance, government agency oversight, registration requirements and airworthiness directives. Although we require many of our lessees to pay us a supplemental maintenance rent, failure of a lessee to perform required maintenance during the term of a lease could result in a decrease in value of an aircraft, an inability to re-lease an aircraft at favorable rates, if at all, or a potential

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grounding of an aircraft. Maintenance failures by a lessee would also likely require us to incur maintenance and modification costs upon the termination of the applicable lease, which could be substantial, to restore the aircraft to an acceptable condition prior to sale or re-leasing. Supplemental maintenance rent paid by our lessees may not be sufficient to fund our maintenance costs. Our lessees' failure to meet their obligations to pay supplemental maintenance rent or perform required scheduled maintenance or our inability to maintain our aircraft may materially and adversely affect our financial results.

Strong competition from other aircraft lessors could adversely affect our financial results.

        The aircraft leasing industry is highly competitive. Our competition is comprised of major aircraft leasing companies including GE Capital Aviation Services ("GECAS"), ILFC, CIT Aerospace, Aviation Capital Group, Air Lease Corporation, SMBC Aviation Capital, AWAS Aviation Capital Limited, FLY Leasing Limited, BOC Aviation and AirCastle Ltd. On December 16, 2013, we agreed to acquire ILFC from AIG, with the acquisition subject to receipt of necessary regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.

        In addition, we may encounter competition from other entities such as:

        Some of these competitors currently have greater operating and financial resources than we. We may not always be able to compete successfully with such competitors and other entities, which could materially and adversely affect our financial results.

Aircraft have limited economically useful lives and depreciate over time, which can adversely affect our financial condition.

        As our aircraft age, they will depreciate and generally the aircraft will generate lower revenues and cash flows. As of December 31, 2013, 2.6% of our aircraft portfolio by net book value was older than 15 years. If we do not replace our older depreciated aircraft with newer aircraft, our ability to maintain or increase our revenues and cash flows will decline. This risk would increase if the ILFC Transaction is completed because ILFC has an older aircraft portfolio. In addition, if we dispose of an aircraft for a price that is less than the depreciated book value of the aircraft on our balance sheet, we will recognize a loss on the sale.

The advent of superior aircraft and engine technology or the introduction of a new line of aircraft could cause our existing aircraft portfolio to become outdated and therefore less desirable, which could adversely affect our financial results.

        As manufacturers introduce technological innovations and new types of aircraft and engines, some of the aircraft and engines in our aircraft portfolio may become less desirable to potential lessees. In addition, the imposition of increased regulation regarding stringent noise or emissions restrictions may make some of our aircraft and engines less desirable in the marketplace. Any of these risks may

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adversely affect our ability to lease or sell our aircraft on favorable terms, if at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

        New aircraft manufacturers, such as Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation in Japan, Irkut Sukhoi Company (JSC) in Russia and Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd. in China could someday produce aircraft that compete with current offerings from Airbus, ATR, Boeing, Bombardier and Embraer. Additionally, new manufacturers may develop aircraft that compete with established aircraft types from Boeing and Airbus, and the new products could put downward price pressure on and decrease the marketability for aircraft from Boeing and Airbus. New aircraft types that are introduced into the market could be more attractive for the target lessees of our aircraft.

        Additionally, the market may not be able to absorb the scheduled production increases by Airbus and Boeing. If the additional capacity scheduled to be produced by the manufacturers exceeds the additional future requirement for capacity the resultant overcapacity could have a negative effect on aircraft values and lease rates. Also the financial community would be required to increase their lending volume to match the increase in aircraft production. As a result of the increased funding requirement for new deliveries, the cost of lending or the ability to obtain debt could be negatively affected if lending capacity does not increase in line with the increased aircraft production.

Airbus and Boeing have launched new aircraft types, which could decrease the value and lease rates of aircraft we own.

        Airbus and Boeing have launched several new aircraft types in recent years, including the Boeing 787 family, the Boeing 737 MAX family, the Boeing 777X, the Airbus A320neo family and the Airbus A350 family. The first variant of the Boeing 787 was introduced in 2011, with the other new aircraft types scheduled to be introduced into service between 2014 and 2020. The availability of these new aircraft types may have an adverse effect on the residual value and future lease rates of current technology aircraft. The development of these new aircraft could decrease the desirability of current technology aircraft and thereby increase the supply of current technology aircraft in the marketplace. This increase in supply could, in turn, reduce both future residual values and lease rates for these types of aircraft.

If our lessees' insurance coverage is insufficient, it could adversely affect our financial results.

        While we do not directly control the operation of any of our aircraft, by virtue of holding title to aircraft, directly or indirectly, in certain jurisdictions around the world, we could be held strictly liable for losses resulting from the operation of our aircraft, or may be held liable for those losses on other legal theories. We require our lessees to obtain specified levels of insurance and indemnify us for, and insure against, liabilities arising out of their use and operation of the aircraft.

        Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, however, aviation insurers significantly reduced the amount of insurance coverage available to airlines for liability to persons other than employees or passengers for claims resulting from acts of terrorism, war or similar events. At the same time, aviation insurers significantly increased the premiums for third party war risk and terrorism liability insurance and coverage in general. As a result, the amount of third party war risk and terrorism liability insurance that is commercially available at any time may be below the amount stipulated in our leases.

        Our lessees' insurance or other coverage may not be sufficient to cover all claims that may be asserted against us arising from the operation of our aircraft by our lessees. Inadequate insurance coverage or default by lessees in fulfilling their indemnification or insurance obligations will reduce the insurance proceeds that would be received by us in the event we are sued and are required to make payments to claimants, which could materially and adversely affect our financial results.

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        Our lessee insurance coverage is dependent on the financial condition of insurance companies. If insurance companies are unable to meet their obligations, it could adversely impact our financial results.

If our lessees fail to appropriately discharge aircraft liens, we may be obligated to pay to discharge the aircraft liens, which could adversely affect our financial results.

        In the normal course of their business, our lessees are likely to incur aircraft and engine liens that secure the payment of airport fees and taxes, custom duties, air navigation charges, including charges imposed by Eurocontrol, landing charges, crew wages, repairer's charges, salvage or other liens that may attach to our aircraft. These liens may secure substantial sums that may, in certain jurisdictions or for certain types of liens, particularly liens on entire fleets of aircraft, exceed the value of the particular aircraft to which the liens have attached. Aircraft may also be subject to mechanical liens as a result of routine maintenance performed by third parties on behalf of our customers. Although the financial obligations relating to these liens are the responsibility of our lessees, if they fail to fulfill their obligations, the liens may attach to our aircraft and ultimately become our responsibility. In some jurisdictions, aircraft and engine liens may give the holder thereof the right to detain or, in limited cases, sell or cause the forfeiture of the aircraft.

        Until they are discharged, these liens could impair our ability to repossess, re-lease or sell our aircraft or engines. Our lessees may not comply with their obligations under their leases to discharge aircraft liens arising during the terms of their leases. If they do not, we may find it necessary to pay the claims secured by such aircraft liens in order to repossess the aircraft. Such payments would materially and adversely affect our financial results.

Conflicts of interest may arise between us and customers who utilize our fleet management services, which may adversely affect our business interests.

        Conflicts of interest may arise between us and third-party aircraft owners, financiers and operating lessors who hire us to perform fleet management services such as leasing, re-leasing, lease management and sales services. Our servicing contracts require that we act in good faith and not unreasonably discriminate against serviced aircraft in favor of our owned aircraft. Nevertheless, competing with our fleet management customers may result in strained relationships with these customers, which may adversely affect our business interests.

In certain countries, an engine affixed to an aircraft may become an accession to the aircraft and we may not be able to exercise our ownership rights over the engine.

        In some jurisdictions, an engine affixed to an aircraft may become an accession to the aircraft, so that the ownership rights of the owner of the aircraft supersede the ownership rights of the owner of the engine. If an aircraft is security for the owner's obligations to a third party, the security interest in the aircraft may supersede our rights as owner of the engine. This legal principle could limit our ability to repossess an engine in the event of an engine lease default while the aircraft with our engine installed remains in such jurisdiction. We would suffer a substantial loss if we were not able to repossess engines leased to lessees in these jurisdictions, which would materially and adversely affect our financial results. As of December 31, 2013, less than 0.5% of our flight equipment held for operating leases, by net book value, related to engines available for lease on a standalone basis.

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Failure to obtain certain required licenses, certificates and approvals could adversely affect our ability to re-lease or sell aircraft, our ability to perform maintenance services or to provide cash management services, which would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

        Under our leases, we may be required in some instances to obtain specific licenses, consents or approvals for different aspects of the leases. These required items include consents from governmental or regulatory authorities for certain payments under the leases and for the import, re-export or deregistration of the aircraft. Subsequent changes in applicable law or administrative practice may increase such requirements. In addition, a governmental consent, once given, might be withdrawn. Furthermore, consents needed in connection with future re-leasing or sale of an aircraft may not be forthcoming. To perform some of our cash management services and insurance services from Ireland under our management arrangements with our joint ventures and securitization entities, we require a license from the Irish regulatory authorities, which we have obtained. A failure to maintain these licenses or certificates or obtain any required license or certificate, consent or approval, or the occurrence of any of the foregoing events, could adversely affect our ability to provide qualifying services or re-lease or sell our aircraft, which would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to various risks and requirements associated with transacting business in foreign countries.

        Our international operations expose us to trade and economic sanctions and other restrictions imposed by the United States or other governments or organizations. The U.S. Departments of Justice, Commerce, State and Treasury and other federal agencies and authorities have a broad range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against corporations and individuals for violations of economic sanctions laws, export control laws, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), and other federal statutes and regulations, including those established by the Office of Foreign Asset Control ("OFAC"). Under these laws and regulations, the government may require export licenses, may seek to impose modifications to business practices, including cessation of business activities in sanctioned countries, and modifications to compliance programs, which may increase compliance costs, and may subject us to fines, penalties and other sanctions. A violation of these laws or regulations could adversely impact our business, operating results, and financial condition.

        We have implemented and maintain in effect policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by us, our subsidiaries and our directors, officers, employees, consultants and agents with respect to FCPA, OFAC and other export control, anti-corruption, anti-terrorism and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. We cannot assure you, however, that our directors, officers, employees, consultants and agents will not engage in conduct for which we may be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA, OFAC and other export control, anti-corruption, anti-terrorism and anti-money laundering laws and regulations may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our ability to operate in some countries is restricted by foreign regulations and controls on investments.

        Many countries restrict or control foreign investments to varying degrees, and additional or different restrictions or policies adverse to us may be imposed in the future. These restrictions and controls have limited, and may in the future restrict or preclude, our investment in joint ventures or the acquisition of businesses outside of the United States, or may increase the cost to us of entering into such transactions. Various governments, particularly in the Asia/Pacific region, require governmental approval before foreign persons may make investments in domestic businesses and also limit the extent of any such investments. Furthermore, various governments may require governmental approval for the repatriation of capital by, or the payment of dividends to, foreign investors. Restrictive policies regarding foreign investments may increase our costs of pursuing growth opportunities in foreign jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our financial results.

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There is a limited number of aircraft and engine manufacturers and the failure of any manufacturer to meet its aircraft and engine delivery obligations to us could adversely affect our financial results.

        The supply of commercial jet aircraft is dominated by two airframe manufacturers, Boeing and Airbus, and three engine manufacturers, GE Aircraft Engines, Rolls Royce plc and Pratt & Whitney. As a result, we are dependent on these manufacturers' success in remaining financially stable, producing products and related components which meet the airlines' demands and fulfilling their contractual obligations to us. Should the manufacturers fail to respond appropriately to changes in the market environment or fail to fulfill their contractual obligations, we may experience:

We and our customers are subject to various environmental regulations that may have an adverse impact on our financial results.

        Governmental regulations regarding aircraft and engine noise and emissions levels apply based on where the relevant airframe is registered, and where the aircraft is operated. For example, jurisdictions throughout the world have adopted noise regulations which require all aircraft to comply with noise level standards. In addition, the United States and the International Civil Aviation Organization, or ICAO, have adopted a more stringent set of standards for noise levels which apply to engines manufactured or certified beginning in 2006. Currently, United States regulations do not require any phase-out of aircraft that qualify with the older standards, but the European Union has established a framework for the imposition of operating limitations on aircraft that do not comply with the newer standards. These regulations could limit the economic life of our aircraft and engines, reduce their value, limit our ability to lease or sell the non-compliant aircraft and engines or, if engine modifications are permitted, require us to make significant additional investments in the aircraft and engines to make them compliant.

        In addition to more stringent noise restrictions, the United States, European Union and other jurisdictions are beginning to impose more stringent limits on the emission of nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from engines. Although current emissions control laws generally apply to newer engines, new laws could be passed in the future that also impose limits on older engines, and therefore any new engines we purchase, as well as our older engines, could be subject to existing or new emissions limitations or indirect taxation. For example, the European Union issued a directive in January 2009 to include aviation within the scope of its greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme, thereby requiring that all flights arriving, departing or flying within any European Union country,

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beginning on January 1, 2012, comply with the scheme and surrender allowances for emissions, regardless of the age of the engine used in the aircraft. Similar legislation is currently being proposed in the United States. Limitations on emissions such as the one in the European Union could favor younger more fuel efficient aircraft since they generally produce lower levels of emissions per passenger, which could adversely affect our ability to re-lease or otherwise dispose of less efficient aircraft on a timely basis, at favorable terms, or at all. This is an area of law that is rapidly changing and as of yet remains specific to certain jurisdictions. While we do not know at this time whether new emission control laws will be passed, and if passed what impact such laws might have on our business, any future emissions limitations could adversely affect us.

        Our operations are subject to various federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the United States, including those relating to the discharge of materials into the air, water and ground, the generation, storage, handling, use, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials, and the health and safety of our employees. A violation of these laws and regulations or permit conditions can result in substantial fines, permit revocation or other damages. Many of these laws impose liability for clean-up of contamination that may exist at our facilities (even if we did not know of or were not responsible for the contamination) or related personal injuries or natural resource damages or costs relating to contamination at third party waste disposal sites where we have sent or may send waste. We cannot assure you that we will be in complete compliance with these laws, regulations or permits at all times. We may have liability under environmental laws or be subject to legal actions brought by governmental authorities or other parties for actual or alleged violations of, or liability under, environmental, health and safety laws, regulations or permits.

We are the manager for several securitization vehicles and joint ventures and our financial results would be adversely affected if we were removed from these positions.

        We are the aircraft manager for various securitization vehicles, joint ventures and third parties and receive annual fees for these services. In 2013, we generated revenue of $20.7 million from providing aircraft management services to non-consolidated securitization vehicles and joint ventures and third parties. We may be removed as manager by the affirmative vote of a requisite number of holders of the securities issued by the securitization vehicles upon the occurrence of specified events and at specified times under our joint venture agreements. If we are removed as aircraft manager for any securitization vehicle or joint venture that generates a significant portion of our management fees, our financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

The departure of senior managers could adversely affect our financial results.

        Our future success depends, to a significant extent, upon the continued service of our senior management personnel. For a description of the senior management team, see "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees". The departure of senior management personnel could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our business strategy.

A cyber-attack that bypasses our information technology, or IT, security systems, causing an IT security breach, may lead to a material disruption of our IT systems and the loss of business information which may hinder our ability to conduct our business effectively and may result in lost revenues and additional costs.

        Parts of our business depend on the secure operation of our computer systems to manage, process, store, and transmit information associated with aircraft leasing. Like other global companies, we have, from time to time, experienced threats to our data and systems, including malware and computer virus attacks, internet network scans, systems failures and disruptions. A cyber-attack could adversely impact our daily operations and lead to the loss of sensitive information, including our own proprietary information and that of our customers, suppliers and employees. Such losses could harm our reputation and result in competitive disadvantages, litigation, regulatory enforcement actions, lost revenues,

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additional costs and liability. While we devote substantial resources to maintaining adequate levels of cyber-security, our resources and technical sophistication may not be adequate to prevent all types of cyber-attacks.

Risks Related to the Aviation Industry

Interruptions in the capital markets could impair our lessees' ability to finance their operations which could prevent the lessees from complying with payment obligations to us.

        The global financial markets have been highly volatile and the availability of credit from financial markets and financial institutions can vary substantially depending on developments in the global financial markets. Many of our lessees have expanded their airline operations through borrowings and are leveraged. These lessees will depend on banks and the capital markets to provide working capital and to refinance existing indebtedness. To the extent such funding is unavailable or available only at high interest costs or on unfavorable terms, and to the extent financial markets do not allow equity financing as an alternative, our lessees operations and operating results may be adversely affected and they may not comply with their respective payment obligations to us.

The global sovereign debt crisis could result in higher borrowing costs and more limited availability of credit, as well as impact the overall airline industry and the financial health of our lessees.

        On June 10, 2013, Standard & Poor's Ratings Group, Inc., or Standard & Poor's, affirmed its long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States of America of AA+, but revised the rating outlook to stable from negative. Previously, on August 5, 2011, Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States of America from AAA to AA+. While the government entered a partial shutdown on October 1, 2013 because of U.S. lawmakers' failure to reach an agreement on raising the debt ceiling, the government was re-opened 16 days later after lawmakers ratified current spending levels until January 15, 2014 and raised the debt ceiling to a level sufficient to accommodate normal borrowing until approximately February 13, 2014. On February 15, 2014, U.S. lawmakers suspended the debt ceiling through March 15, 2015. The affirmation reflected Standard & Poor's view of the strengths of the U.S. economy and monetary system, as well as the U.S. dollar's status as the world's key reserve currency. The ratings also take account the high level of U.S. external indebtedness, Standard & Poor's view of the effectiveness, stability, and predictability of U.S. policymaking and of political institutions and the U.S. fiscal performance. In addition, significant concerns regarding the sovereign debt of numerous other countries have developed and required some of these countries to seek emergency financing. Specifically, the debt crisis in certain European countries could cause the value of the Euro to deteriorate, thus reducing the purchasing power of our European customers. Many of the structural issues facing the Eurozone remain and problems could resurface that could have significant adverse effects on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, particularly if they lead to sovereign debt default, significant bank failures or defaults and/or the exit of one or more countries from the European Monetary Union (the "EMU"). Financial market conditions could, however, materially worsen if, for example, consecutive Eurozone countries were to default on their sovereign debt, significant bank failures or defaults in these countries were to occur, and/or one or more of the members of the Eurozone were to exit the EMU. Further, the effects of the Eurozone debt crisis could be even more significant if they lead to a partial or complete break-up of the EMU. The partial or full break-up of the EMU would be unprecedented and its impact highly uncertain. The exit of one or more countries from the EMU or the dissolution of the EMU could lead to redenomination of certain obligations of obligors in exiting countries. Any such exit and redenomination would cause significant uncertainty with respect to outstanding obligations of counterparties and debtors in any exiting country, whether sovereign or otherwise, and lead to complex and lengthy disputes and litigation.

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        The downgrade of the credit rating of the United States and the ongoing European debt crisis have contributed to the instability in global credit markets. The sovereign debt crisis could further adversely impact the financial health of the global banking system, not only due to its exposure to the sovereign debt, but also by the imposition of stricter capital requirements, which could limit availability of credit. Further, the sovereign debt crisis could lower consumer confidence, which could impact global financial markets and economic conditions in the United States and throughout the world. As a result, any combination of lower consumer confidence, disrupted global capital markets and/or reduced economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and liquidity.

Airline reorganizations could impair our lessees' ability to comply with their lease payment obligations to us.

        In recent years, several airlines have filed for protection under their local bankruptcy and insolvency laws and, over the past several years, certain airlines have gone into liquidation. Historically, airlines involved in reorganizations have undertaken substantial fare discounting to maintain cash flows and to encourage continued customer loyalty. The bankruptcies have led to the grounding of significant numbers of aircraft, rejection of leases and negotiated reductions in aircraft lease rentals, with the effect of depressing aircraft market values.

        Additional reorganizations or liquidations by airlines under applicable bankruptcy or reorganization laws or further rejection or abandonment of aircraft by airlines in bankruptcy proceedings may depress aircraft values and aircraft lease rates. Additional grounded aircraft and lower market values would adversely affect our ability to sell certain of our aircraft or re-lease other aircraft at favorable rates.

A return to historically high fuel prices or continued rapid fluctuations in fuel prices and high fuel costs could affect the profitability of the aviation industry and our lessees' ability to meet their lease payment obligations to us, which would adversely affect our financial results.

        Fuel costs represent a major expense to companies operating in the aviation industry. Fuel prices have fluctuated widely depending primarily on international market conditions, geopolitical and environmental events and currency/exchange rates. Fuel costs are not within the control of lessees and significant increases in fuel costs or hedges that inaccurately assess the direction of fuel costs would materially and adversely affect their operating results.

        Factors such as natural disasters can significantly affect fuel availability and prices. In August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita inflicted widespread damage along the Gulf Coast of the United States, causing significant disruptions to oil production, refinery operations and pipeline capacity in the region, and to oil production in the Gulf of Mexico. These disruptions resulted in decreased fuel availability and higher fuel prices. The perception of a structural shortage in oil supplies resulted in the 2008 oil price boom, and saw fuel prices increase to historical highs before declining substantially as a result of the 2008-09 global recession, the subsequent political unrest in North Africa and the fear of political unrest spreading to the large oil exporting countries in the Middle East resulted in rising fuel prices thereafter. A return to 2008 historically high fuel prices that are not hedged appropriately would have a material adverse impact on airlines' profitability. Swift movements in fuel prices when airlines have hedged their fuel costs can adversely affect profitability and liquidity as airlines may be required to post cash collateral under hedge agreements. Due to the competitive nature of the aviation industry, operators may be unable to pass on increases in fuel prices to their customers by increasing fares in a manner that fully offsets the increased fuel costs they may incur. In addition, they may not be able to manage this risk by appropriately hedging their exposure to fuel price fluctuations. If fuel prices return to historically high levels due to future terrorist attacks, acts of war, armed hostilities, natural disasters or for any other reason, they are likely to cause our lessees to incur higher costs and/or generate lower revenues, resulting in an adverse effect on their financial condition and liquidity. Consequently, these conditions may adversely affect our lessees' ability to make rental

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and other lease payments, result in lease restructurings and/or aircraft repossessions, increase our costs of servicing and marketing our aircraft, impair our ability to re-lease them or otherwise dispose of them on a timely basis at favorable rates or terms, if at all, and reduce the proceeds received for such assets upon any disposition. Any of these events could adversely affect our financial results.

If the effects of terrorist attacks and geopolitical conditions continue to adversely affect the financial condition of the airlines, our lessees might not be able to meet their lease payment obligations, which would adversely affect our financial results.

        As a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States and subsequent terrorist attacks abroad, notably in the Middle East, Southeast Asia and Europe, increased security restrictions were implemented on air travel, costs for aircraft insurance and security measures have increased, passenger and cargo demand for air travel decreased and operators have faced and continue to face increased difficulties in acquiring war risk and other insurance at reasonable costs. In addition, war or armed hostilities, or the fear of such events could further exacerbate many of the problems experienced as a result of terrorist attacks. Uncertainty regarding the situation in the Ukraine, Iraq, Syria, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict, tension over the nuclear programs of Iran and North Korea, political instability in North Africa and the Middle East, and the dispute between Japan and China may lead to further instability in these regions. Future terrorist attacks, war or armed hostilities, or the fear of such events in the above or any other region, could further adversely affect the aviation industry and may have an adverse effect on the financial condition and liquidity of our lessees, aircraft values and rental rates, and may lead to lease restructurings or repossessions, all of which could adversely affect our financial results.

        Terrorist attacks and adverse geopolitical conditions have negatively impacted the aviation industry and concerns about such events could also result in:

        Future terrorist attacks, acts of war or armed hostilities may cause certain aviation insurance to become available only at significantly increased premiums, which may only provide reduced amounts of coverage that are insufficient to comply with the levels of insurance coverage currently required by aircraft lenders and lessors or by applicable government regulations, or to not be available at all.

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        Although the Aircraft Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act adopted in the United States on September 22, 2001 and similar programs instituted by the governments of other countries provide for limited government coverage under government programs for specified types of aviation insurance, these programs may not continue and governments may not pay under these programs in a timely fashion.

        Future terrorist attacks, acts of war or armed hostilities are likely to cause our lessees to incur higher costs and to generate lower revenues, which could result in an adverse effect on their financial condition and liquidity. Consequently, these conditions may affect their ability to make rental and other lease payments to us or obtain the types and amounts of insurance required by the applicable leases, which may in turn lead to aircraft groundings, may result in additional lease restructurings and repossessions, may increase our cost of re-leasing or selling the aircraft and may impair our ability to re-lease or otherwise dispose of them on a timely basis at favorable rates or on favorable terms, if at all, and may reduce the proceeds received for our aircraft upon any disposition. These results could adversely affect our financial results.

The effects of epidemic diseases and natural disasters, such as extreme weather conditions, floods, earthquakes and volcano eruptions may adversely affect the airline industry in the future, which might cause our lessees to not be able to meet their lease payment obligations to us, which would adversely affect our financial results.

        The outbreak of epidemic diseases, such as previously experienced with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 (swine flu), could materially and adversely affect passenger demand for air travel. Similarly the lack of air travel demand and/or the inability of airlines to operate to or from certain regions due to severe weather conditions and natural disasters including floods, earthquakes and volcano eruptions could impact the financial health of certain airlines including our lessees. These consequences could result in our lessees' inability to satisfy their lease payment obligations to us, which in turn would adversely affect our financial results. Additionally the potential reduction in air travel demand could result in lower demand for aircraft and consequently lower market values that would adversely affect our ability to sell certain of our aircraft or re-lease other aircraft at favorable rates.

Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure

If the ownership of our ordinary shares continues to be highly concentrated, it may prevent minority shareholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest.

        Currently, our largest shareholder is Waha which owns 26.2% of our ordinary shares. If we complete the ILFC Transaction, AIG will be our largest shareholder and will own approximately 46% of our ordinary shares and will be entitled, pursuant to a shareholder agreement, to elect two members of our board of directors. Waha, and AIG, if the ILFC Transaction is completed, may be able to significantly influence fundamental corporate matters and transactions, including the appointment of our directors, mergers, amalgamations, consolidations or acquisitions, the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, the amendment of our articles of association and our dissolution. This concentration of ownership may delay, deter or prevent acts that would be favored by our other shareholders, such as a change of control transaction that would result in the payment of a premium to our other shareholders. In addition, this concentration of share ownership may adversely affect the trading price of our ordinary shares if the perception among investors exists that owning shares in a company with a significant shareholder is not desirable.

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We are a Netherlands public limited liability company ("naamloze vennootschap" or "N.V.") and it may be difficult to obtain or enforce judgments against us or our executive officers, some of our directors and some of our named experts in the United States.

        We were incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands and, as such, the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and the civil liability of our directors will be governed by the laws of The Netherlands and our articles of association. The rights of shareholders under the laws of The Netherlands may differ from the rights of shareholders of companies incorporated in other jurisdictions. Some of the named experts referred to in this annual report are not residents of the United States, and most of our directors and our executive officers and most of our assets and the assets of our directors are located outside the United States. In addition, under our articles of association, all lawsuits against us and our directors and executive officers shall be governed by the laws of The Netherlands and must be brought exclusively before the Courts of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. As a result, you may not be able to serve process on us or on such persons in the United States or obtain or enforce judgments from U.S. courts against them or us based on the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States. There is doubt as to whether the courts of The Netherlands courts would enforce certain civil liabilities under U.S. securities laws in original actions and enforce claims for punitive damages.

        Under our articles of association, we indemnify and hold our directors, officers and employees harmless against all claims and suits brought against them, subject to limited exceptions. Under our articles of association, to the extent allowed by law, the rights and obligations among or between us, any of our current or former directors, officers and employees and any current or former shareholder shall be governed exclusively by the laws of The Netherlands and subject to the jurisdiction of The Netherlands courts, unless such rights or obligations do not relate to or arise out of their capacities listed above. Although there is doubt as to whether U.S. courts would enforce such provision in an action brought in the United States under U.S. securities laws, such provision could make judgments obtained outside of The Netherlands more difficult to enforce against our assets in The Netherlands or jurisdictions that would apply Netherlands law.

Our international operations expose us to geopolitical, economic and legal risks associated with a global business.

        We conduct our business in many countries, and we anticipate that revenue from our international operations, particularly from the Asia/Pacific region, will continue to account for a significant amount of our future revenue. There are risks inherent in conducting our business internationally, including:

        These factors may have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

If our subsidiaries do not make distributions to us we will not be able to pay dividends.

        Substantially all of our assets are held by and our revenues are generated by our subsidiaries. While we do not currently, or intend to, pay dividends, we will be limited in our ability to pay dividends unless we receive dividends or other cash flow from our subsidiaries. Substantially all of our owned aircraft are held through special purpose subsidiaries or finance structures which borrow funds

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to finance or refinance the aircraft. The terms of such financings place restrictions on distributions of funds to us. If these limitations prevent distributions to us or our subsidiaries do not generate positive cash flows, we will be limited in our ability to pay dividends and may be unable to transfer funds between subsidiaries if required to support our subsidiaries.

Our financial reporting for lease revenue may be significantly impacted by a proposed new accounting standard for lease accounting.

        In 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued a second Exposure Draft proposing substantial changes to existing lease accounting. This second Exposure Draft sets out a new accounting standard for lessee accounting under which a lessee would recognize a "right-of-use" asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a liability representing its obligation to pay lease rentals over the lease term. A lessor would account for its leases under either a "receivable and residual" approach or continue an accounting approach similar to today's operating lease accounting. When assessing how to subsequently account for a lease, a lessee and a lessor would classify a lease as either "Type A" or "Type B" on the basis of whether or not a lessee is expected to consume more than an insignificant portion of the economic benefits embedded in the underlying asset. Type A leases are leases where the lessee is expected to consume more than an insignificant portion of the economic benefits embedded in a leased asset. Type B leases are leases where the lessee is not expected to consume more than an insignificant portion of the economic benefits embedded in a leased asset. The second Exposure Draft in 2013 also proposes a practical expedient, under which an entity would classify a lease largely on the basis of the nature of the underlying asset such that most leases of property would be Type B leases and most leases of non-property would be Type A leases. The FASB received significant feedback on the second Exposure Draft and it is possible that an alternative approach will be included in a final standard, possibly without any changes to lessor accounting. The proposals do not contain an effective date for the proposed changes; however, we believe it is unlikely that a new lease accounting standard will be effective prior to 2017. At present, we are unable to assess the effects an adoption of the new lease standard will have on our financial statements. If the proposals are adopted as included in the second Exposure Draft in 2013, we believe the presentation of our financial statements, and those of our lessees, will be materially impacted.

Risks Related to Taxation

We may become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

        We cannot yet determine whether we will be classified as a PFIC for the 2014 fiscal year. The determination as to whether a foreign corporation is a PFIC is a complex determination based on all of the relevant facts and circumstances and depends on the classification of various assets and income under PFIC rules. In our case, the determination is further complicated by the application of the PFIC rules to leasing companies and to joint ventures and financing structures common in the aircraft leasing industry. It is unclear how some of these rules apply to us. Further, this determination must be tested annually and our circumstances may change in any given year. We do not intend to make decisions regarding the purchase and sale of aircraft with the specific purpose of reducing the likelihood of our becoming a PFIC. Accordingly, our business plan (including the ILFC Transaction) may result in our engaging in activities that could cause us to become a PFIC. If we are or become a PFIC, U.S. shareholders may be subject to increased U.S. federal income taxes on a sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares and on the receipt of certain distributions and will be subject to increased U.S. federal income tax reporting requirements. See "Item 10. Additional Information—U.S. Tax Considerations" for a more detailed discussion of the consequences to you if we are treated as a PFIC and a discussion of certain elections that may be available to mitigate the effects of that treatment. We urge you to consult your own tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your particular circumstances.

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We may become subject to income or other taxes in jurisdictions which would adversely affect our financial results.

        We and our subsidiaries are subject to the income tax laws of Ireland, The Netherlands, Sweden and the United States and other jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries are incorporated or based. Our effective tax rate in any period is impacted by the source and the amount of earnings among our different tax jurisdictions. A change in the division of our earnings among our tax jurisdictions could have a material impact on our effective tax rate and our financial results. In addition, we or our subsidiaries may be subject to additional income or other taxes in these and other jurisdictions by reason of the management and control of our subsidiaries, our activities and operations, where our aircraft operate or where the lessees of our aircraft (or others in possession of our aircraft) are located. Although we have adopted guidelines and operating procedures to ensure our subsidiaries are appropriately managed and controlled, we may be subject to such taxes in the future and such taxes may be substantial. The imposition of such taxes could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

We may incur current tax liabilities in our primary operating jurisdictions in the future.

        We expect to make current tax payments in some of the jurisdictions where we do business in the normal course of our operations. Our ability to defer the payment of some level of income taxes to future periods is dependent upon the continued benefit of accelerated tax depreciation on our flight equipment in some jurisdictions, the continued deductibility of external and intercompany financing arrangements and the application of tax losses prior to their expiration in certain tax jurisdictions, among other factors. The level of current tax payments we make in any of our primary operating jurisdictions could adversely affect our cash flows and have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

We may become subject to additional Irish taxes based on the extent of our operations carried on in Ireland.

        Our Irish tax resident subsidiaries are currently subject to Irish corporate income tax on trading income at a rate of 12.5%, on capital gains at 33%, and on other income at 25%. We expect that substantially all of our Irish income will be treated as trading income for tax purposes in future periods. As of December 31, 2013, we had significant Irish tax losses available to carry forward against our trading income. The continued application of the 12.5% tax rate to trading income generated in our Irish tax resident subsidiaries and the ability to carry forward Irish tax losses to shelter future taxable trading income depends in part on the extent and nature of activities carried on in Ireland both in the past and in the future. AerCap Ireland Limited and its Irish tax resident subsidiaries intend to carry on their activities in Ireland so that the 12.5% rate of tax applicable to trading income will apply and that they will be entitled to shelter future income with tax losses that arose from the same trading activity. We may not continue to be entitled to apply our loss carry-forwards against future taxable trading income in Ireland.

We may fail to qualify for benefits under one or more tax treaties.

        We do not expect that our subsidiaries located outside of the United States will have any material U.S. federal income tax liability by reason of activities we carry out in the United States and the lease of assets to lessees that operate in the United States. This conclusion will depend, in part, on continued qualification for the benefits of income tax treaties between the United States and other countries in which we are subject to tax (particularly The Netherlands and Ireland). That in turn may depend on, among others, the nature and level of activities carried on by us and our subsidiaries in each jurisdiction, the identity of the owners of equity interests in subsidiaries that are not wholly owned and the identities of the direct and indirect owners of our indebtedness.

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        The nature of our activities may be such that our subsidiaries may not continue to qualify for the benefits under income tax treaties with the United States and that may not otherwise qualify for treaty benefits. Failure to so qualify could result in the imposition of U.S. federal taxes which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Risks Related to the ILFC Transaction

We may be unable to satisfy the conditions or obtain the approvals required to complete the ILFC Transaction or such approvals may contain material restrictions or conditions.

        The consummation of the ILFC Transaction is subject to numerous conditions, including (i) the approval by our shareholders, which was received on February 13, 2014, and (ii) the receipt of certain regulatory approvals. We cannot assure you that the ILFC Transaction will be consummated on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, or at all. We have expended and will continue to expend management's time and resources and incur expenses due to legal, advisory and financial services fees related to the ILFC Transaction. Governmental agencies may not approve the ILFC Transaction or the related transactions necessary to complete it, or may impose conditions to any such approval or require changes to the terms of the ILFC Transaction. In addition, any relevant regulatory body may impose requirements on us subsequent to the completion of the ILFC Transaction, and we may be subject to additional compliance requirements subsequent to the completion of the ILFC Transaction. Any such conditions or changes could have the effect of delaying completion of the ILFC Transaction, imposing costs on or limiting the revenues of the combined company following the ILFC Transaction or otherwise reducing the anticipated benefits of the ILFC Transaction. Any condition or change may result in burdensome conditions on ILFC and/or us under the acquisition agreement and might cause AIG and/or us to restructure or terminate the ILFC Transaction or the related transactions.

If completed, the ILFC Transaction may not be successful or achieve its anticipated benefits.

        If the ILFC Transaction is completed, we may not successfully realize anticipated growth or cost-savings opportunities or integrate our business and operations with those of ILFC. After the ILFC Transaction, we will have significantly more revenue, expenses, assets and employees than we did prior to the ILFC Transaction. In the ILFC Transaction, we will also be assuming all of the liabilities of ILFC and taking on other obligations. We may not successfully or cost-effectively integrate ILFC's business and operations into our business and operations. Even if the combined company is able to integrate ILFC's businesses and operations successfully, this integration may not result in the realization of the full benefits of the growth opportunities or cost-savings that we currently expect from the ILFC Transaction within the anticipated time frame, or at all.

The ILFC Transaction may prove disruptive and could result in the combined business failing to meet our expectations.

        The process of integrating our operations with ILFC may require a disproportionate amount of resources and management attention. If the ILFC Transaction is completed, our future operations and cash flows will depend largely upon our ability to operate the combined company efficiently, achieve the strategic operating objectives for the combined business and realize significant cost savings and synergies. Our management team may encounter unforeseen difficulties in managing the integration. In order to successfully combine AerCap and ILFC and operate the combined company, our management team will need to focus on realizing anticipated synergies and cost savings on a timely basis while maintaining the efficiency of our operations. Any substantial diversion of management attention to difficulties in operating the combined business could affect our revenues and ability to achieve operational, financial and strategic objectives.

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The ILFC Transaction could adversely impact our relationship with our customers and may result in the departure of key personnel.

        If completed, the ILFC Transaction could cause disruptions in our business. For example, our customers may refrain from leasing or re-leasing our aircraft until they determine whether the ILFC Transaction will affect our business, including, but not limited to, the pricing of our leases, the availability of certain aircraft, and our customer support. Our customers may also choose to lease aircraft and purchase services from our competitors until they determine whether the ILFC Transaction will affect our business or our relationship with them. Uncertainty concerning potential changes to us and our business could also harm our ability to enter into agreements with new customers. In addition, key personnel may depart for a variety of reasons, including perceived uncertainty regarding the effect of the ILFC Transaction on their employment.

Failure to complete the ILFC Transaction could adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares as well as our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        If the ILFC Transaction is not completed for any reason, the price of our ordinary shares may decline to the extent that the market price of our ordinary shares reflects positive market assumptions that the ILFC Transaction will be completed and the related benefits will be realized. In addition, significant expenses such as legal, advisory and financial services, many of which generally will be incurred regardless of whether the ILFC Transaction is completed, must be paid. Under the acquisition agreement, under certain limited circumstances, we must pay ILFC a termination fee.

Investors holding our ordinary shares immediately prior to the completion of the ILFC Transaction will, in the aggregate, have a significantly reduced ownership and voting interest in us after the ILFC Transaction and will exercise less influence over management.

        Investors holding our ordinary shares immediately prior to the completion of the ILFC Transaction will, in the aggregate, own a significantly smaller percentage of the combined company immediately after the completion of the ILFC Transaction. Immediately following the completion of the ILFC Transaction, AIG will hold approximately 46% of our ordinary shares, and our existing shareholders, including Waha, will hold approximately 54% of our ordinary shares. The ordinary shares received by AIG will be subject to certain voting restrictions and standstill provisions. Furthermore, pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreement, AIG will be entitled to nominate two directors for election to our board of directors. Consequently, existing shareholders, collectively, will be able to exercise less influence over the management and policies of the combined company than they are able to exercise over the management and our policies immediately prior to the completion of the ILFC Transaction.

After the completion of the ILFC Transaction, sales of our ordinary shares may negatively affect the market price thereof.

        Immediately following the completion of the ILFC Transaction, it is expected that AIG will hold approximately 46% of our ordinary shares, and our existing shareholders, including Waha, will hold approximately 54% of our ordinary shares. The ordinary shares to be issued in the ILFC Transaction to AIG will be subject to a lock-up period which will expire in stages over a 9 to 15 month periods, following the closing of the ILFC Transaction. Sales by AIG of these ordinary shares, or the perception in the market that these sales could occur, following the expiration of the lock-up period may negatively affect the price of our ordinary shares following the ILFC Transaction.

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Item 4.    Information on the Company

        We are an integrated global aviation company with a leading market position in aircraft leasing. It is our strategy to acquire aviation assets at attractive prices, lease the assets to suitable lessees, and manage the funding and other lease related costs efficiently. We also provide aircraft management services. We believe that by applying our expertise through an integrated business model, we will be able to identify and execute on a broad range of market opportunities that we expect will generate attractive returns for our shareholders. We are headquartered in The Netherlands and have offices in Ireland, the United States, Singapore, China and the United Arab Emirates, with a total of 163 employees, as of December 31, 2013.

        We operate our business on a global basis, providing aircraft to customers in every major geographical region. As of December 31, 2013, we owned 236 aircraft and seven engines, managed 69 aircraft, had 44 new aircraft on order, which included five A320neo aircraft, three A330 aircraft, nine A350 aircraft, 20 Boeing 737 aircraft (including five purchase rights as part of a Boeing order) and seven Boeing 787 aircraft. In addition, we had entered into sales contracts for four aircraft. We also have a 20.3% ownership interest in a joint venture that owned, or had on order, 33 aircraft as of December 31, 2013, which was not included in the above.

        We lease most of our aircraft to airlines under operating leases. Under an operating lease, the lessee is responsible for the maintenance and servicing of the equipment during the lease term and the lessor receives the benefit, and assumes the risk of the residual value of the equipment at the end of the lease. As of December 31, 2013, our owned and managed aircraft were leased to 89 commercial airline and cargo operator customers in 48 countries and managed from our offices in The Netherlands, Ireland, the United States, Singapore, China and the United Arab Emirates.

        We have the infrastructure, expertise and resources to execute a large number of diverse aircraft transactions in a variety of market conditions. From January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013, we executed over 400 aircraft transactions. Our teams of dedicated marketing and asset trading professionals have been successful in leasing and trading our aircraft portfolio. Between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013, our weighted average owned aircraft utilization rate was 98.8%. Our utilization rate for aircraft is calculated based on the average number of months the aircraft are on lease each year. The utilization rate is weighted proportionate to the net book value of the aircraft at the end of the period measured.

        We were formed as a Netherlands public limited liability company ("naamloze vennootschap" or "N.V.") on July 10, 2006. On November 27, 2006, we completed the initial public offering of 26.1 million of our ordinary shares on the NYSE. On August 6, 2007 we completed the secondary offering of an additional 20.0 million of our ordinary shares on the NYSE. On March 25, 2010, the Genesis Transaction was completed and increased our outstanding ordinary shares by 34.3 million. On November 11, 2010, we completed the Waha Transaction. As part of this transaction our outstanding ordinary shares increased by 29.8 million. During 2011 and 2012, we repurchased 35.9 million of our ordinary shares in the market under our share repurchase programs. These shares have all been cancelled. As of December 31, 2013, we had 113.8 million shares issued and outstanding.

        On December 16, 2013, we announced that we entered into a definitive agreement in connection with the ILFC Transaction. If the ILFC Transaction is completed, the combined company will retain the name AerCap, and ILFC will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of AerCap. Upon consummation of the ILFC Transaction, our total aircraft portfolio will consist of over 1,300 aircraft and an order book of approximately 379 new aircraft contracted to be delivered as of December 31, 2013. Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, AIG will receive $3.0 billion in cash and 97,560,976 AerCap shares. As part of the transaction, AerCap will assume approximately $21 billion of ILFC's debt. In addition, AIG will provide AerCap with a committed five-year $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. The ILFC Transaction is subject to receipt of necessary regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other

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customary closing conditions and is expected to close in the second quarter of 2014. We cannot assure you that we will be able to satisfy the conditions or obtain the approvals required to complete the ILFC Transaction (See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to the ILFC Transaction").

        Our principal executive offices are located at AerCap House, Stationsplein 965, 1117 CE Schiphol, The Netherlands, and our general telephone number is +31 20 655-9655. Our website address is www.aercap.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute a part of this annual report. Puglisi & Associates is our authorized representative in the United States. The address of Puglisi & Associates is 850 Liberty Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, DE 19711 and their general telephone number is +1 (302) 738-6680.

Our Business Strategy

        Our ability to profitably manage aircraft throughout their lifecycle depends in part on our ability to successfully source acquisition opportunities of new and used aircraft at favorable prices, as well as secure long-term funding for such acquisitions, lease aircraft at profitable rates, minimize downtime between leases and associated technical expenses and opportunistically sell aircraft.

        Efficiently Manage Our Liquidity.    As of December 31, 2013, we had access to $0.9 billion of committed undrawn credit facilities, excluding the financing facilities related to the ILFC Transaction. We strive to maintain a diverse financing strategy, both in terms of capital providers and structure, through the use of bank debt, securitization structures, note issuance and export/import financings including European Export Credit Agencies ("ECA") guaranteed loans, in order to maximize our financial flexibility. We also leverage our long-standing relationships with the major aircraft financers and lenders to secure access to capital. In addition, we attempt to maximize the cash flows and continue to pursue the sale of aircraft to generate additional cash flows.

        Expand Our Aircraft Portfolio.    We intend to grow our portfolio of aircraft through new aircraft purchases, sale-leasebacks, airline refleetings, acquisitions and other opportunistic transactions that increase our aircraft portfolio. We will rely on our experienced team of portfolio management professionals to identify and purchase assets we believe are being sold at attractive prices or that we believe will increase in demand and value. In addition, we intend to continue to rebalance our aircraft portfolio through acquisitions and sales to maintain the appropriate mix of aviation assets by age and type to meet our customers' needs.

        Maintain a Diversified and Satisfied Customer Base.    We currently lease our owned and managed aircraft to 89 different airlines in 48 different countries. We monitor our exposure concentrations by both lessee and country jurisdiction and intend to maintain a well-diversified customer base. We believe we offer a quality product, both in terms of asset and customer service, to all of our customers. We have successfully worked with many airlines to find mutually beneficial solutions to operational and

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financial challenges. We believe we maintain excellent relations with our customers. We have been able to achieve a high utilization rate on our aircraft assets as a result of our customer reach and quality product offering and strong portfolio management capabilities.

        Selectively Pursue Acquisitions.    We intend to selectively pursue acquisitions that we believe will provide us with benefits currently not available to us, such as the ILFC Transaction, the Genesis Transaction and the Waha Transaction. The synergies, economies of scale and operating efficiencies we expect to derive from our acquisitions will allow us to strengthen our competitive advantages and diversify our sources of revenue.

        ILFC Acquisition.    If we complete the ILFC Transaction, we will focus on integration in the short term while maintaining the efficiency of our operations in order to achieve our operational, financial and strategic objectives. We plan to continue to execute our business strategy described above with modifications as deemed appropriate.

Aircraft Portfolio

        Our aircraft portfolio consists primarily of modern, technologically advanced and fuel-efficient narrowbody aircraft, with a particular concentration of Airbus A320 family. As of December 31, 2013, we owned 236 aircraft and managed 69 aircraft. We also have a 20.3% ownership interest in a joint venture that owned, or had on order, 33 aircraft as of December 31, 2013, which was not included in the above. The weighted average age of our 236 owned aircraft was 5.4 years as of December 31, 2013. We believe that we own one of the youngest aircraft fleets in the world. As of December 31, 2013, we also had seven engines on lease on a standalone basis. We operate our aircraft business on a global basis and as of December 31, 2013, 232 out of our 236 owned aircraft and each of our seven owned engines were on lease to 74 commercial airline and cargo operator customers in 42 countries. The four aircraft off-lease as of December 31, 2013 were subject to lease agreements as of December 31, 2013. Two of these aircraft have been delivered since December 31, 2013 and the remaining two are scheduled for delivery in the first and second quarters of 2014.

        The following table provides details regarding our aircraft portfolio by type of aircraft as of December 31, 2013:

 
   
   
  Managed
portfolio &
AerDragon
   
   
   
 
 
  Owned portfolio    
   
   
 
 
   
  Number of
aircraft under
Purchase/sale
contract
  Total owned,
Managed and
ordered
aircraft
 
Aircraft type   Number of
aircraft
owned
  Percentage of
total net
book value
  Number of
aircraft
  Number of
aircraft on
order(1)
 

Airbus A300 Freighter

            1             1  

Airbus A319

    24     7.4 %   6             30  

Airbus A320

    92     32.7 %   28             120  

Airbus A320neo

    0             5         5  

Airbus A321

    8     3.4 %   14             22  

Airbus A330

    33     27.9 %   5     3     (2 )   39  

Airbus A350

                9         9  

Boeing 737 Classics

    1     0.1 %   10         (1 )   10  

Boeing 737 (NG)

    67     25.6 %   32     20         119  

Boeing 747 Freighter

    2     0.5 %               2  

Boeing 757

            2             2  

Boeing 767

    3     1.3 %   2         (1 )   4  

Boeing 777

            2             2  

Boeing 787

                7         7  

CRJ 900

    4     0.8 %               4  

ERJ 170

    2     0.3 %               2  
                           

Total

    236     100.0 %   102     44     (4 )   378  
                           
                           

(1)
Includes five A320neo aircraft, three A330 aircraft (including two that are subject to sales contracts) and five purchase rights on Boeing 737 aircraft as part of a Boeing order.

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        If we complete the ILFC Transaction, we expect to have a portfolio of approximately 1,300 aircraft with over 85% of the total aircraft portfolio, by value, consisting of A320, A330, Boeing 737NG and Boeing 777 family aircraft.

Aircraft on Order

        As of December 31, 2013, we had 44 new aircraft on order, which included five A320neo aircraft, three A330 aircraft, nine A350 aircraft, 20 Boeing 737 aircraft (including five purchase rights as part of a Boeing order) and seven Boeing 787 aircraft.

        If we complete the ILFC Transaction, we expect to have aircraft purchase orders for approximately 379 new aircraft (as of December 31, 2013). Due to our order book of aircraft, we believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of trading opportunities and expand our aircraft portfolio. We believe that our global network of strong relationships with airlines, aircraft manufacturers, maintenance, repair and overhaul service providers and commercial and financial institutions gives us a competitive advantage in sourcing and executing transactions. Our revolving credit facilities are designed to allow us to rapidly execute our portfolio management strategies by providing us with large scale committed funding to acquire new and used aircraft.

        As of December 31, 2013, we had $0.9 billion of committed undrawn credit facilities, excluding the financing facility related to the ILFC Transaction.

        As of December 31, 2013, excluding five purchase rights, there were 39 aircraft contracted for purchase, including the following:

        We expect to finance our new aircraft acquisitions through a combination of secured or unsecured debt, using our already committed lines and new commercial facilities to be put in place.

Aircraft Subject to Sale Agreements

        As of December 31, 2013, we had entered into sale contracts to sell two new aircraft (including one which will be sold to a related party) and two other aircraft. The following table provides information regarding the agreements in place and executed for the sale of these four aircraft as of December 31, 2013.

Aircraft type
  Number of
aircraft
  Agreement   New/Used   Owned/Managed

Airbus A330-300

    2   Sale agreement   New   Owned

Boeing 737-400

    1   Sale agreement   Used   Managed

Boeing 767-300ER

    1   Sale agreement   Used   Managed

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Aircraft Acquisitions and Dispositions

        We purchase new and used aircraft directly from aircraft manufacturers, airlines, financial investors and other aircraft leasing and finance companies. The aircraft we purchase are both on-lease and off-lease, depending on market conditions and the composition of our portfolio. We believe there are additional opportunities to purchase aircraft at attractive prices from investors in aircraft assets who lack the infrastructure to manage their aircraft throughout their lifecycle. The buyers of our aircraft include airlines, financial investors and other aircraft leasing companies. We primarily acquire aircraft at attractive prices in three ways: by purchasing large quantities of aircraft directly from manufacturers to take advantage of volume discounts, by purchasing portfolios consisting of aircraft of varying types and ages, and by entering into large purchase and leaseback transactions with airlines. In addition, we also opportunistically purchase individual aircraft that we believe are being sold at attractive prices, or that we expect will increase in demand and/or residual value. Through our airline marketing team, which is in frequent contact with airlines worldwide, we are also able to identify further attractive acquisition and disposition opportunities. We sell our aircraft when we believe the market price for the type of aircraft has reached its peak, or to rebalance the composition of our portfolio to meet changing customer demands.

        Our dedicated portfolio management group consists of marketing, financial, engineering, technical and credit professionals. Prior to a purchase, this group analyzes the aircraft's price, fit in our portfolio, specification/configuration, maintenance history and condition, the existing lease terms, financial condition and creditworthiness of the existing lessee, the jurisdiction of the lessee, industry trends, financing arrangements and the aircraft's redeployment potential and value, among other factors. From January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013, we purchased 71 aircraft and sold 94 aircraft, which included or related to the following significant historical transactions:

        In December 2005, we placed an order with Airbus for the forward purchase of 70 aircraft, including eight aircraft subject to reconfirmation rights. During 2008 and the first two months of 2009, we notified Airbus that we would not take delivery of the eight aircraft subject to reconfirmation rights. In 2009 four additional aircraft were added to the forward order. As of December 31, 2013, all 66 aircraft had been delivered, 12 of which were subsequently sold.

        In December 2006, we placed an order with Airbus to acquire 20 new A330 wide-body aircraft. In May 2007, we added an additional ten A330 aircraft to this order. In 2009, two additional A330 aircraft were added to the forward order. As of December 31, 2013, all 32 aircraft had been delivered, 12 of which were subsequently sold.

        In 2010, we signed an agreement with Boeing covering the purchase of up to 15 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, consisting of ten firm aircraft delivering in 2015 and five purchase rights.

        In 2011, we entered into a purchase and leaseback transaction with American Airlines for 35 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, all of which had been delivered as of December 31, 2013. On July 30, 2013, we signed an agreement with American Airlines for six additional aircraft, one of which had been delivered as of December 31, 2013 and the remaining five of these aircraft are expected to be delivered in 2014.

        On May 28, 2013, we entered into a $2.6 billion purchase and leaseback agreement with LATAM for 25 widebody aircraft, including 15 deliveries scheduled between 2014 and 2018. The aircraft consist of nine new Airbus A350-900s, four new Boeing 787-9s, two new Boeing 787-8s from LATAM's order backlog and ten Airbus A330-200s with an average age of four years from LATAM's existing fleet. As of December 31, 2013 ten aircraft had been purchased and leased back to LATAM.

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Aircraft Leases and Transactions

        Over the life of the aircraft, we seek to increase the returns on our investments by managing our aircraft's lease rates, time off-lease, financing costs and maintenance costs, and by carefully timing their sale. We lease most of our aircraft to airlines under operating leases. Under an operating lease, the lessee is responsible for the maintenance and servicing of the equipment during the lease term and the lessor receives the benefit, and assumes the risk, of the residual value of the equipment at the end of the lease. Rather than purchase their aircraft, many airlines operate their aircraft under operating leases because operating leases reduce their capital requirements and costs and allow them to manage their fleet more efficiently. Over the past 20 years, the world's airlines have increasingly turned to operating leases to meet their aircraft needs.

        Our contract lease terms generally range from 12 months to 168 months. By varying our lease terms, we mitigate the effects of changes in cyclical market conditions at the time aircraft become eligible for re-lease. In periods of strong aircraft demand, we seek to enter into medium and long-term leases to lock-in the generally higher market lease rates during those periods, while in periods of low aircraft demand we seek to enter into short-term leases to mitigate the effects of the generally lower market lease rates during those periods. In addition, we generally seek to reduce our leasing transition costs by entering into lease extensions rather than taking redelivery of the aircraft and leasing it to a new customer. The terms of our lease extensions reflect the market conditions at the time the lease extension is signed and typically contain different terms than the original lease.

        Upon expiration of an operating lease, we extend the lease term, take redelivery of the aircraft, remarket and re-lease it to new lessees or sell the aircraft. Typically, we re-lease our leased aircraft well in advance of the expiration of the then-current lease and deliver the aircraft to a new lessee in less than two months following redelivery by the prior lessee. During the period in which an aircraft is in between leases, we typically perform routine inspections and the maintenance necessary to place the aircraft in the required condition for delivery and, in some cases, make modifications requested by our next lessee.

        Our extensive experience, global reach and operating capabilities allow us to rapidly complete numerous aircraft transactions, which enables us to increase the returns on our aircraft investments and reduce the time that our aircraft are not generating revenue for us. We successfully executed over 400 aircraft transactions between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013.

        The following tables set forth information regarding the aircraft transactions we have executed between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013, the number of initial leases and re-leases we entered into, the number of leases we extended, the number of leases we restructured, the number of aircraft we purchased and the number of aircraft we sold. The trends shown in the table reflect the execution

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of the various elements of our leasing strategy for our owned and managed portfolio, as described further below.

 
  Owned Aircraft  
Activity
  2011   2012   2013   Total/
Average
 

New leases on new aircraft

    14     27     21     62  

New leases on used aircraft

    16     19     30     65  

Extensions of lease contracts

    19     10     23     52  

Average lease term for new leases (months)(1)

    133.7     149.3     163.4     148.8  

Average lease term for re-leases (months)(1)

    80.8     61.9     59.2     67.3  

Average lease term for lease extensions (months)(2)

    30.5     35.2     47.6     37.8  

Aircraft purchases

    13     20     38     71  

Aircraft sales

    21     59     14     94  

Average aircraft utilization rates(3)

    98.5 %   98.5 %   99.5 %   98.8 %

(1)
Average lease term of new leases and re-leases contracted during the period. The average lease term for new leases and re-leases is calculated by reference to the period between the date of contractual delivery to the date of contractual redelivery of the aircraft.

(2)
Average lease term for aircraft extensions contracted during the period. The average lease term for lease extensions is calculated by reference to the period between the date of the original expiration of the lease and the new expiration date.

(3)
Our utilization rate for aircraft is calculated based on the average number of months the aircraft are on lease each year. The utilization rate is weighted proportionately to the net book value of the aircraft at the end of the period measured.

 
  Managed Aircraft  
Activity
  2011   2012   2013   Total/
Average
 

New leases on new aircraft

                 

New leases on used aircraft

    1     1     4     6  

Extensions of lease contracts

    3     8     7     18  

Average lease term for re-leases (months)(1)

    20.0     72.0     49.5     47.2  

Average lease term for lease extensions (months)(2)

    27.0     27.3     44.9     33.1  

Aircraft purchases

                 

Aircraft sales

    8     11     14     33  

(1)
Average lease term of re-leases contracted during the period. The average lease term for re-leases is calculated by reference to the period between the date of contractual delivery to the date of contractual redelivery of the aircraft.

(2)
Average lease term for aircraft lease extensions contracted during the period. The average lease term for lease extensions is calculated by reference to the period between the date of the original expiration of the lease and the new expiration date.

        Leases of new aircraft generally have longer terms than used aircraft which are re-leased. In addition, leases of more expensive aircraft generally have longer lease terms than less expensive aircraft. Lease terms for owned aircraft tend to be longer than for managed aircraft because the average age of our owned fleet is lower than that of our managed fleet.

        Before making any decision to lease an aircraft, we perform a review of the prospective lessee, which generally includes reviewing financial statements, business plans, cash flow projections,

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maintenance records, operational performance histories, hedging arrangements for fuel, foreign currency and interest rates and relevant regulatory approvals and documentation. We also perform on-site credit reviews for new lessees which typically includes extensive discussions with the prospective lessee's management before we enter into a new lease. Depending on the credit quality and financial condition of the lessee, we may require the lessee to obtain guarantees or other financial support from an acceptable financial institution or other third parties.

        We typically require our lessees to provide a security deposit for their performance under their leases, including the return of the aircraft in the specified maintenance condition at the expiration of the lease. The size of the security deposit is normally equal to two months' rent.

        All of our lessees are responsible for their maintenance costs during the lease term. Based on the credit quality of the lessee, we require some of our lessees to pay supplemental maintenance rent to cover scheduled major component maintenance costs. If a lessee pays the supplemental maintenance rent, we reimburse them for their maintenance costs up to the amount of their supplemental maintenance rent payments. Under the terms of our leases, at lease expiration, to the extent that a lessee has paid us more supplemental maintenance rent than we have reimbursed them for their maintenance costs, we retain the excess rent. In most lease contracts not requiring the payment of supplemental rents, the lessee is required to redeliver the aircraft in a similar maintenance condition as when accepted under the lease. To the extent that the redelivery condition is different from the acceptance condition, there is normally an end-of-lease compensation adjustment for the difference at redelivery. As of December 31, 2013, 112 of our 236 owned aircraft provided for the payment of supplemental maintenance rent. Whether a lessee pays supplemental maintenance rent or not, we usually agree to compensate a lessee for scheduled maintenance on airframe and engines related to the prior utilization of the aircraft. For this prior utilization, we have normally received cash compensation from prior lessees of the aircraft, which was recognized as income at the end of the prior lease.

        In all cases, we require the lessee to reimburse us for any costs we incur if the aircraft is not in the required condition upon redelivery. All of our leases contain extensive provisions regarding our remedies and rights in the event of a default by the lessee, and also include specific provisions regarding the required condition of the aircraft upon its redelivery.

        Our lessees are also responsible for compliance with all applicable laws and regulations governing the leased aircraft and all related costs. We require our lessees to comply with either the FAA, EASA or their foreign equivalent standards.

        During the term of our leases, some of our lessees have experienced financial difficulties resulting in the need to restructure their leases. Generally, our restructurings have involved a number of possible changes to the lease's terms, including the voluntary termination of leases prior to their scheduled expiration, the arrangement of subleases from the primary lessee to a sublessee, the rescheduling of lease payments and the exchange of lease payments for other consideration, including convertible bonds, warrants, shares and promissory notes. We generally seek to receive these and other marketable securities from our restructured leases, rather than deferred receivables. In some cases, we have been required to repossess a leased aircraft and in those cases, we have usually exported the aircraft from the lessee's jurisdiction to prepare it for remarketing. In the majority of these situations, we have obtained the lessee's cooperation and the return and export of the aircraft was completed without significant delay, generally within two months. In some situations, however, our lessees have not cooperated in returning aircraft and we have been required to take legal action. In connection with the repossession of an aircraft, we may be required to settle claims on the aircraft or to which the lessee is subject, including outstanding liens on the repossessed aircraft. Since our inception in 1995, we have repossessed 85 aircraft under defaulted leases with 41 different lessees in 28 jurisdictions.

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        The following table provides information regarding the percentage of lease revenue arising from leases of aircraft to the indicated lessees of our owned aircraft portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Lessee
  Percentage of 2013
lease revenue
 

American Airlines

    10.9 %

Aeroflot Russian Airlines

    7.4 %

Virgin Atlantic Airways

    6.2 %

TUI Aviation

    4.4 %

LATAM

    4.2 %

Asiana Airlines

    3.7 %

Alitalia

    3.5 %

Air China

    3.0 %

Air France

    2.8 %

TAP (Transporte Aéreos Portugueses)

    2.7 %

Sichuan Airlines

    2.6 %

VRG Linhas Aereas

    2.5 %

Other(1)

    46.1 %

Total

    100 %
       
       

(1)
Consists of 74 individual lessees. No other lessee accounted for more than 2.5% of our lease revenue in 2013.

        We lease our aircraft to lessees located in numerous and diverse geographical regions and have focused our leasing efforts on the fast-growing Asia/Pacific market. The following table sets forth the percentage of our total lease revenue by country of lessee in which we lease our owned aircraft for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Country
  Percentage of 2013
lease revenue
 

United States of America

    17.3 %

Russia

    9.6 %

United Kingdom

    8.4 %

China

    8.0 %

Germany

    7.1 %

Chile

    4.9 %

Italy

    4.0 %

Korea

    3.7 %

Brazil

    2.9 %

France

    2.8 %

Portugal

    2.7 %

Other(1)

    28.6 %

Total

    100 %
       
       

(1)
No other country accounted for more than 2.5% of our lease revenue in 2013.

        As of December 31, 2013, leases representing approximately 30.1% of our lease revenues in 2013 were scheduled to expire before December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2013, of our 236 owned aircraft, 232 aircraft were on lease and had a weighted average remaining lease period per aircraft of 80 months and four aircraft were off-lease. The aircraft off-lease were subject to lease agreements as of December 31, 2013. Two of these aircraft have been delivered since December 31, 2013 and the remaining two are scheduled for delivery in the first and second quarters of 2014.

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        The following table sets forth as of December 31, 2013 the number of leases that were scheduled to expire between December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2027 as a percentage of our 2013 lease revenue.

Year
  Percentage of 2013
lease revenue(1)
  Number of aircraft
with leases
expiring
 

2014

    4.9     11  

2015

    10.1     28  

2016

    12.8     31  

2017

    5.7     16  

2018

    6.9     24  

2019

    11.7     23  

2020

    12.2     25  

2021

    5.2     13  

2022

    7.0     17  

2023

    4.5     6  

2024

    4.3     8  

2025

    2.4     6  

2026

    5.8     14  

2027

    2.0     10  

Total

    95.5 %   232  
           
           

(1)
The percentage of lease revenue reflected in the table above does not sum to 100% because it does not include lease revenue from our owned aircraft that were sold in 2013 (1.8%), revenue from the off-lease aircraft (2.3%), revenue from the leasing of engines (0.3%) and lease revenue from the aircraft subject to lease-in lease-out transactions (0.1%).

        The following table sets forth the percentage of lease revenue attributable to individual countries representing at least 10% of total lease revenue in any year based on each airline's principal place of business for the years indicated:

 
  2011   2012   2013  

United States of America

    8.8 %   12.1 %   17.3 %

Russia

    10.3 %   9.4 %   9.6 %

        The following table sets forth the percentage of long-lived assets (flight equipment and intangible assets) attributable to individual countries representing at least 10% of total long-lived assets in 2013 based on each airline's principal place of business for the years indicated:

 
  2012   2013  

United States of America

    16.6 %   22.2 %

Russia

    11.4 %   10.4 %

        We lease and sell aircraft to airlines and others throughout the world and our trade and notes receivable are from entities located throughout the world. We generally obtain deposits on leases and obtain collateral in flight equipment on notes receivable. During the year ended December 31, 2013 we had one lessee, American Airlines, that represented 10.9% of total lease revenue. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 we had no lessees that represented at least 10% of total lease revenue.

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        During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013, no lease revenue and no long-lived assets were attributable to The Netherlands, our country of domicile.

Financing

        Our management analyzes sources of financing based on pricing and other terms and conditions in order to optimize the return on our investments. We have the ability to access a broad range of liquidity sources globally, and since 2006, we have raised in excess of $20.0 billion of new financings, including bank debt, governmental secured debt, securitization and debt capital markets.

        In April 2006, we entered into a $1.0 billion revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks led by UBS to facilitate our growth strategy and the acquisition of a broad range of aircraft. In June 2011, we amended this credit facility to allow for an additional two year revolving period with a three year term-out period, extending the facility to June 2016, and amending the facility size to $775.0 million. The facility size was increased to $800.0 million in 2012. In May 2013, the facility was amended to increase the facility size to $1.1 billion and to allow for an additional two year revolving period with a three year term-out period, extending the maturity date to June 2018. This amendment also allows us to increase the size of the facility in the future if certain conditions are met. This facility provides us with large scale committed financing allowing us to rapidly execute aircraft portfolio purchases. Following the initial closing, the facility size was increased from $1.1 billion to $1.3 billion.

        In November 2012, we entered into a $285.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility for general corporate purposes, which we subsequently increased to $290.0 million. Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and RBS Securities Inc. were joint lead arrangers for the facility. This facility provides us with additional flexibility allowing us to rapidly capitalize on opportunities in the market.

        In October 2013, we entered into a $180.0 million unsecured revolving and term loan facility for general corporate purposes. The size of the facility may be increased up to $250.0 million in the aggregate if certain conditions are met. DBS Bank Ltd. acted as Mandated Lead Arranger and Bookrunner on the transaction. The facility provides us with additional committed capital and significant flexibility.

        On December 16, 2013, AerCap Ireland Capital Limited ("AerCap Capital"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of AerCap, entered into a $2.75 billion bridge credit agreement (the "Bridge Facility") with UBS AG, Stamford Branch, as administrative agent, and Citibank N.A. as syndication agent. The proceeds from the facility may be used to finance the ILFC Transaction. Additionally, AerCap Capital entered into a $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility with AIG, the proceeds of which will become available upon the closing of the ILFC Transaction for general corporate purposes.

        Once we obtain sufficient aircraft through our revolving credit facilities, we generally leverage our extensive financing experience and access to the securitization and other long-term debt markets to obtain long-term, lower cost non-recourse financing.

        Since 1996, we have raised over $35.0 billion of funding in the global financial markets including over $11 billion of funds through initial issuances and refinancings in the aircraft securitization market.

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        As of December 31, 2013, 13 A330 aircraft, 33 A320 family aircraft, two Boeing 737-800 aircraft and four CRJ aircraft have been financed in export credit facilities with banks and financial institutions, which contained the negotiated terms pursuant to which the ECAs, the Export-Import Bank of the United States (U.S. Ex-Im Bank) and Export Development Canada (EDC) agreed to provide guarantees. From time to time, the ECA facilities have been amended to cover certain additional aircraft and an ECA capital markets transaction in relation to three A330 aircraft was completed.

        In May 2012, we issued $300 million aggregate principal amount of 6.375% senior unsecured notes, which will mature on May 30, 2017. The notes were issued through our subsidiary, AerCap Aviation Solutions B.V. ("AerCap Aviation"), and initially guaranteed by AerCap Holdings N.V., and subsequently also by AerCap Ireland Ltd. Part of the proceeds of these notes were used to repay $170.0 million of outstanding indebtedness.

        During 2011, we signed financing facilities in the amount of $1.5 billion, including the following:

        During 2012, we signed financing facilities in the amount of $1.5 billion, including the following:

        During 2013, we signed financing facilities in the amount of $5.9 billion, including the following:

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Joint Ventures

        We have conducted some of our business through joint ventures. The joint venture arrangements allowed us to:

        AerDragon.    In May 2006, we signed a joint venture agreement with China Aviation Supplies Holding Company ("CAS") and affiliates of Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank ("CA-CIB) establishing AerDragon with initial registered capital of $50.0 million. The registered capital of AerDragon was increased to $120.0 million in 2010, to $130.0 million in 2011, to $183.5 million in 2013 and to $223.5 million in early 2014. During 2013 the joint venture agreement was amended to include East Epoch Limited who agreed to become a shareholder in AerDragon. As at December 31, 2013, AerDragon was 50% owned by CAS, 20.3% owned by us, 20.3% owned by CA-CIB, and 9.4% owned by East Epoch Limited. As at the date of this report CAS owned 50% of AerDragon, with the other 50% owned equally by us, CA-CIB, and East Epoch Limited. We provide certain aircraft- and accounting-related services to the joint venture, and act as guarantor to the lenders of AerDragon, related to debt secured by the aircraft which AerDragon purchased directly from us. This joint venture enhances our presence in the increasingly important Chinese market and will enhance our ability to lease our aircraft and engines throughout the entire Asia/Pacific region. On December 30, 2013, AerDragon signed a purchase agreement with Boeing for ten new B737-800 aircraft to be delivered in the years 2014 to 2016. AerDragon had 20 aircraft on lease to 9 airlines as of December 31, 2013, including one acquired from AerCap during the first quarter of 2013. In addition to the aircraft on lease at December 31, 2013, AerDragon had 13 aircraft yet to be delivered including one A330 that AerDragon contracted to purchase from AerCap.

        We have reassessed our ownership and have determined that AerDragon remains a variable interest entity, in which we continue to not have control and are not to be primary beneficiary of AerDragon. Accordingly, we account for our investment in AerDragon under the equity method of accounting. With the exception of debt for which we act as guarantor, the obligations of AerDragon are non-recourse to us.

        AerCap Partners I.    In June 2008, AerCap Partners I , a 50% joint venture entered into between us and Deucalion Aviation Funds, acquired a portfolio of 19 aircraft from TUI Travel. The aircraft acquired were leased back to TUI Travel for varying terms. As of December 31, 2013, six Boeing 757-200 aircraft have been sold, and 11 Boeing 737-800 and two Boeing 767-300ER remain in the portfolio. The initial aircraft portfolio was financed through a $425.7 million senior debt facility and $125.6 million of subordinated debt consisting of $62.8 million from us and $62.8 million from our joint venture partner. On the applicable maturity date under the senior debt facility, which for the first tranche is April 2015 and for the second tranche was April 2012, or if earlier, in case of an AerCap insolvency, if the joint venture partners do not make additional subordinated capital available to the joint venture, AerCap can be required to purchase the aircraft from the joint venture for a price equal to the outstanding senior debt facility balance plus certain expenses and taxes related to the purchase. We have also entered into agreements to provide management and marketing services to AerCap

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Partners I. At December 31, 2013, AerCap Partners I had $163.9 million of indebtedness outstanding under its senior debt facility.

        The second tranche of senior debt was refinanced in April 2012, and as part of the refinancing, AerCap Partners 767 Limited ("AerCap Partners 767") was incorporated. AerCap Partners 767 acquired two Boeing 767 aircraft with leases attached (from AerCap Partners I) which were financed through a $36.0 million senior debt facility and $30.9 million of subordinated debt consisting of $15.45 million from us and $15.45 million from our joint venture partner. $30.9 million of AerCap Partners I's subordinated debt was redeemed upon sale of the two Boeing 767 aircraft to AerCap Partners 767.

        We have determined that AerCap Partners I and AerCap Partners 767 are variable interest entities in which we have control and are the primary beneficiary. As such, we have consolidated AerCap Partners I's and AerCap Partners 767's financial results in our consolidated financial statements.

        Joint ventures with Waha.    In 2010, we entered into two joint ventures with Waha , with us owning 50% in AerLift Jet and 40% in AerLift . AerLift Jet owned four CRJ aircraft, and AerLift owned eight aircraft as of December 31, 2013. We have determined that the joint ventures are variable interest entities. For AerLift Jet we are the primary beneficiary. As such, we consolidate the financial results of AerLift Jet in our consolidated financial statements. For AerLift we do not have control and are not the primary beneficiary and accordingly, we account for our investment in AerLift under the equity method of accounting.

        Other joint ventures.    In 2010, we entered into two 50% joint ventures with two separate joint venture partners. The two joint ventures collectively owned six aircraft, consisting of three A330 and three A320 aircraft. On June 1, 2011 we sold our 50% interest in three A330 aircraft that had been part of one of the joint ventures. We have determined that the remaining joint venture is a variable interest entity in which we have control and we are the primary beneficiary. As such, we consolidate the financial results of this joint venture in our consolidated financial statements.

        We also own 42.3% of AerData, an integrated software solution provider for the aircraft leasing industry, which provides and manages our main corporate management system ("CMS"). AerData's impact to our financial results is not material.

        We guarantee debt obligations on behalf of joint venture entities in the total amount of $308.6 million as of December 31, 2013.

        The effect on equity attributable to us due to changes in ownership interest in subsidiaries was nil in the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013.

Relationship with Airbus

        We have a close and longstanding mutually advantageous relationship with Airbus. Our relationship dates back to our formation, when Daimler AG (formerly known as Daimler-Benz AG and DaimlerChrysler AG), a principal shareholder of European Aeronautic Defense & Space Company—EADS N.V., a shareholder of Airbus, was one of our founding shareholders. In the last ten years, we, directly or through our joint ventures, have contracted to purchase over 100 commercial jet aircraft from Airbus. We maintain a wide-ranging dialogue with Airbus seeking mutually beneficial opportunities such as taking delivery of new aircraft on short notice and purchasing used aircraft from airlines seeking to renew their fleet with Airbus aircraft.

Relationship with Boeing

        In 2010, we signed an agreement with Boeing covering the purchase of up to 15 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, consisting of ten firm aircraft and five purchase rights. In recognition that our

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customers operate and often seek aircraft alternatives from both Airbus and Boeing, the Boeing order is a response to the needs and interests of our customers.

Aircraft Services

        We are one of the aircraft industry's leading providers of aircraft asset management and corporate services to securitization vehicles, joint ventures and other third parties. As of December 31, 2013, we had aircraft management and administration and cash management service contracts with 14 parties covering over 220 aircraft, four of which accounted for 92% of our aircraft services revenue in 2013. We categorize our aircraft services into aircraft asset management, administrative services and cash management services. Since we have an established operating system to provide these services to manage our own aircraft assets, the incremental cost of providing aircraft management services to securitization vehicles, joint ventures and third parties is limited. Our primary aircraft asset management activities are:

        We charge fees for our aircraft management services based primarily on a mixture of fixed retainer amounts, but we also receive performance based fees related to the managed aircrafts' lease revenues or sale proceeds, or specific upside sharing arrangements.

        We provide cash management and administrative services to securitization vehicles and joint ventures. Cash management services consist of treasury services such as the financing, refinancing, hedging and ongoing cash management of these vehicles. Our administrative services consist primarily of accounting and secretarial services, including the preparation of budgets and financial statements, and liaising with, in the case of securitization vehicles, the rating agencies.

Subsidiaries

        AerCap Holdings N.V.'s major subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013, were AerCap Ireland Ltd., Aircraft Lease Securitisation II Ltd., AerFunding I Ltd., and Genesis Funding Ltd. AerCap Holdings N.V. has numerous other subsidiaries, none of which contribute more than 5% of our consolidated revenues or represent more than 5% of our total assets.

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Employees

        The table below provides the number of our employees at each of our principal geographical locations as of the dates indicated.

Location
  December 31,
2011
  December 31,
2012
  December 31,
2013
 

Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    74     77     79  

Shannon, Ireland

    54     54     55  

Fort Lauderdale, FL

    15     17     16  

Other(1)

    10     11     13  
               

Total

    153     159     163  
               
               

(1)
We lease small offices in the United States, Shanghai (China), the United Arab Emirates and Singapore.

        None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement and we believe that we maintain excellent employee relations. Although under Netherlands law we may be required to have a works council for our operations in The Netherlands, our employees have not elected to date to organize a works council. A works council is an employee organization that is granted certain statutory rights to be involved in certain of the company's decision making processes. The exercise of such rights, however, must take into account the interests of the company and its stakeholders.

Organizational Structure

        AerCap Holdings N.V. is a holding company which holds directly and indirectly consolidated investments in four main operating companies, most of which in turn own special purpose entities which hold our aircraft assets. AerCap Holdings N.V. employs 39 people and does not own significant assets outside of its investments in its subsidiaries. Within the group, we also have several inactive subsidiaries or subsidiaries which are in the process of being liquidated. In addition to AerCap Holdings N.V.'s ownership in our principal operating subsidiaries, it holds our 50% economic interests in AerCap Partners II (three aircraft) and a 50% ownership interest in a joint venture with Waha (four aircraft). The four principal operating subsidiaries, their share ownership and the identity of their significant asset owning subsidiaries are detailed below.

        AerCap B.V. is owned 100% by AerCap Holdings N.V. AerCap B.V. is located in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and through its special purpose subsidiaries, owns the economic interests in 22 aircraft. AerCap B.V. does not employ any personnel.

        AerCap Group Services B.V. is owned 100% by AerCap Holdings N.V. AerCap Group Services B.V. is located in Amsterdam, The Netherlands and had 40 employees as of December 31, 2013. AerCap Group Services B.V. does not own significant assets, but provides a range of management services to other asset owning companies in the AerCap group of companies.

        AerCap Ireland Limited is indirectly owned 100% by AerCap Holdings N.V. AerCap Ireland Limited is located in Shannon, Ireland and holds our economic interests in ALS II, which owns 30 aircraft and in Genesis Funding Ltd ("GFL"), which owns 37 aircraft and it holds our 50% economic interests in AerCap Partners I (11 aircraft). In addition, AerCap Ireland Limited owns 94 aircraft and seven engines directly or through single aircraft owning special purpose entities and holds the economic interests in AerFunding (33 aircraft). AerCap Ireland Limited is also the holder of our joint venture investment in AerDragon. AerCap Ireland Limited had 55 employees as of December 31, 2013.

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        AerCap, Inc. is 100%-owned by AerCap Holdings N.V. AerCap, Inc. is located in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. AerCap, Inc. does not employ any personnel. AerCap, Inc. owns 100% of AerCap Group Services, Inc., which had 16 employees as of December 31, 2013 and provides a range of services to other asset owning companies in the AerCap group of companies.

Competition

        The aircraft leasing and sales business is highly competitive. We face competition from aircraft manufacturers, financial institutions, other leasing companies, aircraft brokers and airlines. Competition for a leasing transaction is based on a number of factors, including delivery dates, lease rates, term of lease, other lease provisions, aircraft condition and the availability in the market place of the types of aircraft that can meet the needs of the customer. As a result of our geographical reach, diverse aircraft portfolio and success in remarketing our aircraft, we believe we are a strong competitor in all of these areas. Our competition is comprised of major aircraft leasing companies including GECAS, ILFC, CIT Aerospace, Aviation Capital Group, Air Lease Corporation, SMBC Aviation Capital, AWAS Aviation Capital Limited, FLY Leasing Limited, BOC Aviation and AirCastle Ltd. On December 16, 2013, we agreed to acquire ILFC from AIG, with the acquisition subject to receipt of necessary regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.

Insurance

        Our lessees are required under our leases to bear responsibility, through an operational indemnity subject to customary exclusions, and to carry insurance for any liabilities arising out of the operation of our aircraft or engines, including any liabilities for death or injury to persons and damage to property that ordinarily would attach to the operator of the aircraft. In addition, our lessees are required to carry other types of insurance that are customary in the air transportation industry, including hull all risks insurance for both the aircraft and each engine whether or not installed on our aircraft, hull war risks insurance covering risks such as hijacking, terrorism, confiscation, expropriation, nationalization and seizure (in each case at a value stipulated in the relevant lease which typically exceeds the net book value by 10%, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances) and aircraft spares insurance and aircraft third party liability insurance, in each case subject to customary deductibles. We are named as an additional insured on liability insurance policies carried by our lessees, and we and/or our lenders are designated as a loss payee in the event of a total loss of the aircraft or engine. We monitor the compliance by our lessees with the insurance provisions of our leases by securing confirmation of coverage from the insurance brokers. We also purchase insurance which provides us with coverage when our aircraft or engines are not subject to a lease or where a lessee's policy lapses for any reason. In addition we carry customary insurance for our property. Insurance experts advise and make recommendations to us as to the appropriate amount of insurance coverage that we should obtain.

Regulation

        While the air transportation industry is highly regulated, since we do not operate aircraft, we generally are not directly subject to most of these regulations. Our lessees, however, are subject to extensive regulation under the laws of the jurisdictions in which they are registered and in which they operate. These regulations, among other things, govern the registration, operation and maintenance of our aircraft and engines. Most of our aircraft are registered in the jurisdiction in which the lessee of the aircraft is certified as an air operator. Both our aircraft and engines are subject to the airworthiness and other standards imposed by our lessees' jurisdictions of operation. Laws affecting the airworthiness of aviation assets are generally designed to ensure that all aircraft, engines and related equipment are continuously maintained in proper condition to enable safe operation of the aircraft. Most countries' aviation laws require aircraft and engines to be maintained under an approved maintenance program having defined procedures and intervals for inspection, maintenance and repair.

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        In addition, under our leases, we may be required in some instances to obtain specific licenses, consents or approvals for different aspects of the leases. These required items include consents from governmental or regulatory authorities for certain payments under the leases and for the import, re-export or deregistration of the aircraft and engines. Also, to perform some of our cash management services and insurance services from Ireland under our management arrangements with our joint ventures and securitization entities, we are required to have a license from the Irish regulatory authorities, which we have obtained.

Facilities

        We lease a 38,750 square foot office facility in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The lease runs through March 31, 2018. We lease our Shannon, Ireland facility under a 21-year lease (10,000 square feet) and a 19 year lease (6,000 square feet) which began March 28, 2008 and June 18, 2010 respectively, and have options to terminate both leases in 2018 and in 2024.

        In addition to the above facilities, we also lease small offices in New York (New York), Fort Lauderdale (Florida), Shanghai (China), the United Arab Emirates and Singapore.

Trademarks

        We have registered the "AerCap" name with WIPO International (Madrid) Registry and the Benelux-Merkenbureau. The "AerCap" trademark has been registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Litigation

        In the ordinary course of our business, we are a party to various legal actions, which we believe are incidental to the operation of our business. We believe that the outcome of the proceedings to which we are currently a party will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

VASP Litigation

        We leased 13 aircraft and three spare engines to Viação Aerea de São Paulo ("VASP"), a Brazilian airline. In 1992, VASP defaulted on its lease obligations and we commenced litigation against VASP to repossess our equipment. In 1992, we obtained a preliminary injunction for the repossession and export of 13 aircraft and three spare engines from VASP. We repossessed and exported the aircraft and engines in 1992. VASP appealed this decision. In 1996, the High Court of the State of São Paulo ruled in favor of VASP on its appeal. We were instructed to return the aircraft and engines to VASP for lease under the terms of the original lease agreements. The High Court also granted VASP the right to seek damages in lieu of the return of the aircraft and engines. Since 1996 we have defended this case in the Brazilian courts through various motions and appeals. On March 1, 2006, the Superior Tribunal of Justice (the "STJ") dismissed our then-pending appeal and on April 5, 2006 a special panel of the STJ confirmed this decision. On May 15, 2006 we filed an extraordinary appeal with the Federal Supreme Court. In September 2009 the Federal Supreme Court requested an opinion on our appeal from the office of the Attorney General. This opinion was provided in October 2009. The Attorney General recommended that AerCap's extraordinary appeal be accepted for trial and that the case be subject to a new judgment before the STJ. The Federal Supreme Court is not bound by the opinion of the Attorney General. While, our external legal counsel informed us that it would be normal practice to take such an opinion into consideration, there are no assurances that the Federal Supreme Court will rule in accordance with the Attorney General opinion or, if it did, what the outcome of the judgment of the STJ would be.

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        On February 23, 2006, VASP commenced a procedure to calculate its alleged damages and since then both we and VASP have appointed experts to assist the court in calculating damages. Our external legal counsel has advised us that even if VASP prevails on the issue of liability, they do not believe that VASP will be able to demonstrate any damages. We continue to actively pursue all courses of action that may be available to us and intend to defend our position vigorously.

        In July 2006, we brought a claim for damages against VASP in the English courts, seeking damages incurred by AerCap as a result of VASP's default under seven leases that were governed by English law. VASP was served with process in Brazil in October 2007 and in response filed an application challenging the jurisdiction of the English court, which we opposed. VASP also applied to the court to adjourn the hearing on its jurisdictional challenge pending the sale of some of its assets in Brazil. We opposed this application and by an order dated March 6, 2008 the English court dismissed VASP's applications.

        In September 2008, the bankruptcy court in Brazil ordered the bankruptcy of VASP. VASP appealed this decision. In December 2008, we filed with the English court an application for default judgment, seeking damages plus accrued interest pursuant to seven lease agreements. On March 16, 2009 we obtained a default judgment in which we were awarded approximately $40.0 million in damages plus accrued interest. We subsequently applied to the STJ for an order ratifying the English judgment, so that it might be enforced in Brazil. The STJ granted AerCap's application and entered an order ratifying the English judgment. Although VASP appealed that order, the order is fully effective pending a resolution of VASP's appeal of the order ratifying the English judgment.

        On November 6, 2012, the STJ ruled in favor of VASP on its appeal from the order placing it in bankruptcy. Acting alone, the reporting justice of the appellate panel ordered the bankruptcy revoked and the matter converted to a judicial reorganization. Several creditors of VASP appealed that ruling to the full panel of the STJ. On December 17, 2012, the Special Court of the STJ reversed the ruling of the reporting justice and upheld the order placing VASP in bankruptcy. The decision was published on February 1, 2013. On February 25, 2013, the lapse of time for appeal (res judicata) was certified.

        In addition to its claim in the English courts, AerCap has also brought an action against VASP in the Irish courts to recover damages incurred as a result of VASP's default under nine leases governed by Irish law. The Irish courts granted an order for service of process. Although VASP opposed service in Brazil, the STJ ruled that service of process had been properly completed. After some additional delay due to procedural issues related to VASP's bankruptcy, the Irish action is now moving forward.

        Our management, based on the advice of external legal counsel, does not believe the outcome of this case will have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Transbrasil Litigation

        In the early 1990's, two AerCap-related companies (the "AerCap Lessors") leased an aircraft and two engines to Transbrasil S/A Linhas Areas ("Transbrasil"), a now-defunct Brazilian airline. By 1998, Transbrasil had defaulted on various obligations under its leases with AerCap, along with other leases it had entered into with General Electric Capital Corporation ("GECC") and certain of its affiliates (and collectively with GECC, the "GE Lessors"). GECAS was the servicer for all these leases at the time. Subsequently, Transbrasil issued promissory notes (the "Notes") to the AerCap lessors and GE Lessors (collectively the "Lessors") in connection with restructurings of the leases. Transbrasil defaulted on the Notes and GECC brought an enforcement action on behalf of the Lessors in 2001. Concurrently, GECC filed an action for the involuntary bankruptcy of Transbrasil.

        Transbrasil brought a lawsuit against the Lessors in February 2001, claiming that the Notes had in fact been paid at the time GECC brought the enforcement action. In 2007, the trial judge ruled in

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favor of Transbrasil. That decision was appealed. In April 2010, the appellate court published a judgment (the "2010 Judgment") rejecting the Lessors' appeal, ordering them to pay Transbrasil statutory penalties equal to double the face amount of the Notes (plus interest and monetary adjustments), and awarding Transbrasil damages for any losses incurred as a result of the attempts to collect on the Notes. The 2010 Judgment provided that the amount of such losses would be calculated in separate proceedings in the trial court (the "Indemnity Claim"). In June 2010, the AerCap Lessors and GE Lessors separately filed special appeals before the STJ in Brazil. These special appeals were subsequently admitted for hearing.

        In July 2011, Transbrasil brought three actions for provisional enforcement of the 2010 Judgment (the "Provisional Enforcement Actions"): one to enforce the award of statutory penalties; a second to recover attorneys' fees related to that award and a third to enforce the Indemnity Claim. Transbrasil submitted its alleged calculation of statutory penalties, which, according to Transbrasil, amounted to approximately $210 million in the aggregate against all defendants, including interest and monetary adjustments. AerCap and its co-defendants opposed provisional enforcement of the 2010 judgment, arguing, among other things, that Transbrasil's calculations were greatly exaggerated.

        Transbrasil also initiated proceedings to determine the amount of its alleged Indemnity Claim. The court appointed an expert to determine the measure of damages and the defendants appointed an assistant expert. We believe we have strong arguments to convince the expert and the court that Transbrasil suffered no damage as a result of the defendants' attempts to collect on the Notes.

        In February 2012, AerCap brought a civil complaint against GECAS and GECC in the State of New York (the "New York Action"), alleging, among other things, that GECAS and GECC had violated certain duties to AerCap in connection with their attempts to enforce the Notes and the defense of Transbrasil's lawsuit. In November 2012, AerCap, GECAS, and the GE Lessors entered into a settlement agreement resolving all of the claims raised in the New York Action. The terms of the settlement agreement are confidential.

        In October 2013, the STJ granted the special appeals filed by GECAS and its related parties, effectively reversing the 2010 Judgment in most respects as to all of the Lessors. Transbrasil has appealed this ruling to another panel of the STJ.

        Our management, based on the facts and the advice of external legal counsel, does not believe the outcome of this case will have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Iran Sanctions Disclosure

        Pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), if during 2013, AerCap or any of its affiliates have engaged in certain transactions with Iran or with persons or entities designated under certain executive orders, AerCap would be required to disclose information regarding such transactions in our annual report as required under Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012. During 2013, AerCap did not engage in any transactions with Iran or with persons or entities related to Iran.

Item 4A.    Unresolved Staff Comments

        Not applicable.

Item 5.    Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

        You should read this discussion in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in this annual report. Our financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. The discussion

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below contains forward looking statements that are based upon our current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes of circumstances. See "Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors" and "Special Note About Forward Looking Statements".

Overview

        Net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. for the full year 2013 was $292.4 million, compared to $163.7 million in 2012. Adjusted net income was $299.9 million for the full year 2013, compared to $258.0 million in 2012. Adjusted net income excludes non-cash charges relating to the mark-to-market of interest rate caps and share-based compensation, charges to interest expense from the early repayment of secured loans, the loss on sale of the ALS portfolio and transaction expenses related to the ILFC Transaction. Please refer to page 74 for the reconciliation of adjusted net income (and adjusted earnings per share) to net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. Total basic earnings per share for the full year 2013 were $2.58. Adjusted basic earnings per share were $2.64. The average number of outstanding basic shares was 113.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. Net interest margin, or net spread, the difference between basic lease rents and interest expense excluding the mark-to-market of interest rate caps, was $663.6 million for full year 2013.

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Major Developments in 2013

Liquidity and Access to Capital

        Aircraft leasing is a capital-intensive business and we have significant capital requirements. These commitments might include requirements to make pre-delivery payments, in addition to the

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requirement to pay the balance of the purchase price for aircraft on delivery. As of December 31, 2013, we had 44 new aircraft on order, which included three A330 aircraft, five A320neo aircraft, nine A350 aircraft, 20 Boeing 737 aircraft (including five purchase rights as part of a Boeing order) and seven Boeing 787 aircraft. Furthermore, while we have secured the Bridge Facility to fund, in part, the purchase price of the ILFC Transaction, we may need to incur additional debt to consummate the ILFC Transaction. As a result, we will need to raise additional funds through a combination of borrowings under committed debt facilities as well as arranging additional financings, the net proceeds of which will be used to meet pre-delivery and final delivery payment obligations in addition to financing the ILFC Transaction. We may also need to raise additional funds through selling aircraft or other aircraft investments, including participations in our joint ventures, and if necessary, generating proceeds from potential capital market transactions.

        In the longer term, we expect to fund the growth of our business, including the acquisition of aircraft, through internally generated cash flows, the incurrence of new bank debt, the refinancing of existing bank debt and other capital raising initiatives. For additional information on the availability of funding under our contracted credit facilities see "—Indebtedness".

Non-Cash Charge for Share-based Compensation

        The non-cash charge for share-based compensation, net of tax, was $8.1 million for the full year 2013. The charge relates to restricted shares and restricted share units in AerCap Holdings N.V. which are held by members of our senior management and independent directors. The charge did not reduce our net equity.

Non Cash Income for Mark-to-market of Interest Rate Caps

        The non-cash income for mark-to-market of interest rate caps, net of tax and non-controlling interest, was $10.2 million for the full year 2013. We use interest rate caps to hedge against the impact of interest rate increases on variable-rate debt. Our interest rate caps do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP and the periodic mark-to-market gains or losses of our caps is recorded as interest expense.

Aviation Assets

        We acquired $1.8 billion of aviation assets including 38 aircraft in 2013. Total assets were $9.5 billion as of December 31, 2013. Total assets increased 9% during 2013 which was driven primarily by the acquisition of new aircraft. As of December 31, 2013, we owned 236 aircraft and seven engines, managed 69 aircraft, had 44 new aircraft on order, which included three A330 aircraft, five A320neo aircraft, nine A350 aircraft, 20 Boeing 737 aircraft (including five purchase rights as part of a Boeing order) and seven Boeing 787 aircraft. We also have a 20.3% ownership in a joint venture that owned, or had on order, 33 aircraft as of December 31, 2013, which was not included in the above.

Factors Affecting Our Results

        Our results of operations have been affected by a variety of factors, primarily:

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Factors Affecting the Comparability of Our Results

AeroTurbine Transaction

        On August 2, 2011, we entered into an agreement with ILFC for the sale of AeroTurbine. The AeroTurbine Transaction was completed on October 7, 2011. The purchase price for all of the outstanding shares of AeroTurbine was $228.0 million. As a result of the sale we recognized a loss from discontinued operations of $52.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The loss consisted of: (1) $22.5 million of bank fees, legal fees and contractual incentive payments to AeroTurbine management, (2) a $8.7 million deferred tax asset write-off as a result of the transfer of tax losses to the buyer; and (3) a $21.6 million book loss. The sale resulted in a $119.9 million increase of our cash position, net of incentive payments and net of AeroTurbine's cash held at the transaction date. The completion of the sale followed receipt of all necessary regulatory approvals and satisfaction of all other closing conditions. As a result of the agreement with ILFC and based on ASC 205-20, which governs financial statements for discontinued operations, for all periods presented, we have reclassified the results of AeroTurbine into discontinued operations in Consolidated Income Statements. If we complete the ILFC Transaction, AeroTurbine will again become one of our subsidiaries.

ALS Transaction

        On November 14, 2012, we signed and completed an agreement with an entity incorporated at the direction of Guggenheim for the sale of our equity interest in ALS by transferring 100% of our interest in the E-Notes, the equity securities issued by ALS, to Guggenheim. The total proceeds comprised of the cash received and a contingent asset (the "ALS Note Receivable"), which entitles us to receive future cash flows based on the performance of ALS. The total proceeds were in excess of the fair value of the E-Notes sold and included a financing from Guggenheim to us (the "ALS Coupon Liability"). The repayments of the ALS Coupon Liability are equal to a specified amount of $2.5 million per month until the earlier of December 2016 or the month in which the senior securities issued by ALS, the G-Notes, are fully repaid. After the repayment of the ALS Coupon Liability, the ALS Note Receivable entitles us to receive future cash up to the total amount paid under the ALS Coupon Liability. As a result of the transaction, we concluded that substantial risk of ownership is transferred to Guggenheim. The transaction thus resulted in the sale and deconsolidation of ALS, which included 50 aircraft with a net book value of approximately $1.0 billion and debt of approximately $0.5 billion prior to the sale. As of December 31, 2013, the ALS Coupon Liability was valued at $71.1 million and the ALS Note Receivable was valued at $72.8 million.

        The ALS transaction resulted in a loss, net of tax, of $54.6 million, including transaction expenses of $13.5 million. The ALS Coupon Liability was initially recognized at fair value, at the transaction date, of $97.1 million, using a discount rate of 5.5%. The ALS Coupon Liability is recorded as debt in

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our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The corresponding ALS Note Receivable was initially recognized at fair value, at the transaction date, of $67.3 million using a discount rate of 6.8%. The ALS Note Receivable is recorded as notes receivable in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The ALS Coupon Liability and ALS Note Receivable are both subsequently measured at amortized cost using the retrospective effective interest method.

LATAM Transaction

        On May 28, 2013, we entered into a $2.6 billion purchase and leaseback agreement with LATAM for 25 widebody aircraft, including 15 with deliveries scheduled between 2014 and 2018. The aircraft consist of nine new Airbus A350-900s, four new Boeing 787-9s, and two new Boeing 787-8s from LATAM's order backlog, and ten Airbus A330-200s with an average age of four years, from LATAM's existing fleet, which were purchased and leased back in June 2013. In accordance with ASC 805-50, we allocated the portfolio purchase price of $2.6 billion to individual aircraft acquired based on their relative fair values which were based on independent appraised values. As part of the transaction, we made payments of $659 million in June 2013, and allocated $577 million to flight equipment held for operating leases relating to the ten aircraft delivered, and accounted for the other $82 million as prepayments on flight equipment for the remaining 15 aircraft to be delivered.

Guggenheim Transaction

        On June 27, 2013, we completed a transaction under which we sold eight Boeing 737-800 aircraft to ACSAL HOLDCO, LLC ("ACSAL"), an affiliate of Guggenheim, in exchange for cash and in addition we made a capital contribution of 19.4% in the equity of ACSAL. The aircraft are subject to long term leases to American Airlines. We will continue to service the Boeing 737-800 portfolio. Based on ASC 840 we concluded that we did not retain a substantial risk of ownership and therefore the assets were deconsolidated and a $10.5 million gain on sale was recognized.

        We have assessed our ownership in ACSAL, and have determined that it is a variable interest entity. We further determined that while we do not have control and are not the primary beneficiary of ACSAL, we do have significant influence and accordingly, we account for our investment in ACSAL under the equity method of accounting.

Trends in Our Business

        Demand for more technologically-advanced, fuel-efficient aircraft has fueled a steady increase in demand for the A330, A320 and Boeing 737 NG aircraft, the most highly concentrated aircraft in our current portfolio (comprising 86.2% by net book value), over the past several years. We expect that demand for these types of aircraft will remain strong and combined with our orderbook of current and new technology aircraft will result in increased revenues in the future.

        Demand for older, less-fuel efficient aircraft such as older Boeing 737-300s, 400s and 500s (737 classics), Boeing 747 Freighters and older Airbus A320s has declined sharply in recent years. We have strategically managed our aircraft fleet to reduce the exposure to these older aircraft in our fleet, reducing the percentage of older aircraft from 3.4% of our owned fleet in 2011 to 0.9% in 2013. Reducing the number of these aircraft in our fleet protects us from the downward pressure on lease rates for these aircraft and the difficulties in leasing them when their leases expire or are terminated. In addition, we have been engaged in efforts to reduce the weighted average age of our aircraft portfolio, resulting in a decrease from 5.5 years in 2011 to 5.4 years in 2013. We expect our investment in younger, more in-demand aircraft to improve our lease rates as well as our revenues. This risk would increase if the ILFC Transaction is completed because ILFC's aircraft portfolio has a weighted average age of 8.7 years.

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        Air traffic demand is returning to 2008 levels as the global economy continues to recover. Emerging markets, including the Asia/Pacific/Russia markets, have exhibited some of the strongest growth in demand. A significant number (56.0% in 2011, 49.6% in 2012 and 47.1% in 2013) of our aircraft are leased to airlines in emerging markets countries. We anticipate that as demand in emerging markets continues to strengthen, our established presence in these areas will lead to increased revenues and future opportunities for growth and expansion.

        In the last several years, we have incurred significant costs resulting from lease defaults. In 2011, 2012 and 2013, we faced defaults from four, five and two of our lessees, respectively. As a result of the current economic environment, the highly competitive nature of the airline industry and increasing fuel prices, we expect that we may face significant costs from additional airline defaults. Costs related to lease defaults include material expenses to repossess flight equipment and maintenance related costs. Despite the costs of lease defaults, we are able to effectively repossess and re-lease aircraft in a timely manner thanks to our sophisticated marketing and technical teams as well as our broad geographic reach and relationships.

Critical Accounting Policies

        Our Operating and Financial Review and Prospects is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The use of estimates is or could be a significant factor affecting the reported carrying values of flight equipment, investments, trade and notes receivable, deferred tax assets and accruals and reserves. Our estimates and assumptions are based on historical experiences and currently available information. We utilize professional appraisers and valuation experts, where possible, to support our estimates, particularly with respect to flight equipment. Despite our best efforts, actual results may differ from our estimates under different conditions, sometimes materially. A summary of our significant accounting policies is presented in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. Critical accounting policies and estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require our judgments, estimates and assumptions. Our most critical accounting policies and estimates are described below.

Revenue Recognition

        As lessor, we lease flight equipment principally under operating leases and report rental income ratably over the life of the lease as it is earned. At lease inception we review all necessary criteria under ASC 840-10-25 to determine proper lease classification including the criteria set forth in ASC 840-10-25-14. Our lease contracts normally include default covenants, and the effect of a default by a lessee is generally to oblige the lessee to pay damages to the lessor to put the lessor in the position one would have been had the lessee performed under the lease in full. There are no additional payments required which would increase the minimum lease payments under ASC 840-10-25-1. We account for lease agreements that include step rent clauses on a straight line basis. Lease agreements for which base rent is based on floating interest rates are included in minimum lease payments based on the floating interest rate existing at the inception of the lease; any increases or decreases in lease payments that result from subsequent changes in the floating interest rate are contingent rentals and are recorded as increases or decreases in lease revenue in the period of the interest rate change. In certain cases, leases provide for rentals based on usage. The usage may be calculated based on hourly usage or on the number of cycles operated, depending on the lease contract. We cease revenue recognition on a lease contract when the collectability of such rentals is no longer reasonably assured. For past-due rentals which have been recognized as revenue, provisions are established on the basis of

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management's assessment of collectability and to the extent such rentals exceed related security deposits held, and are recorded as expenses on the income statement.

        Most of our lease contracts require payment in advance. Rentals received, but unearned under these lease agreements, are recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet.

        Net gain (loss) on sale of assets originate primarily from the sale of aircraft and engines and are recognized when the delivery of the relevant asset is complete and the risk of loss has transferred to the buyer.

        Revenues from direct finance leases are recognized on the interest method to produce a level yield over the life of the finance lease. Expected unguaranteed residual values of leased assets are based on our assessment of residual values and independent appraisals of the values of leased assets remaining at expiration of the lease terms.

        Revenue from secured loans, notes receivables and other interest bearing instruments is recognized on an effective yield basis as interest accrues under the associated contracts. Revenue from lease management fees is recognized as income as it accrues over the life of the contract. Revenue from the receipt of lease termination penalties is recorded at the time cash is received or when the lease is terminated, if collection is reasonably assured. Other revenue includes any net gains we generate from the sale of aircraft related investments, such as our subordinated interests in securitization vehicles and notes, warrants or convertible securities issued by our lessees, which we receive from lessees as compensation for amounts owed to us in connection with lease restructurings.

        As described below, revenue from supplemental maintenance rent is recognized when we no longer expect to reimburse maintenance rent to lessees.

Flight equipment held for operating leases, net

        Flight equipment held for operating leases, including aircraft, is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Costs incurred in the acquisition of aircraft or related leases are included in the cost of the flight equipment and depreciated over the useful life of the equipment or term of the related lease. In instances where the purchase price includes additional consideration which can be allocated to the value of an acquired lease containing above market terms, such allocated cost is recognized as an intangible lease premium which is amortized over the term of the related lease in lease revenue. Similarly, we recognize a lease deficiency liability as part of accrued expenses and other liabilities for lease contracts where the terms of the lease contract are unfavorable to market terms and amortize the liability over the term of the related lease as an addition to lease revenue. The cost of improvements to flight equipment are normally expensed unless the improvement materially increases the long-term value of the flight equipment or extends the useful life of the flight equipment. In instances where the increased value benefits the existing lease, such capitalized cost is depreciated over the life of the lease. Otherwise, the capitalized cost is depreciated over the remaining useful life of the aircraft. Flight equipment acquired is depreciated over the assets' useful life, based on 25 years from the date of manufacture, using the straight-line method to the estimated residual value. The current estimates for residual (salvage) values for most aircraft types are 15% of original manufacture cost, in line with industry standards, except where more recent industry information indicates a different value is appropriate. Differences between our estimates of useful lives and residual values and actual experience may result in future impairments of aircraft and/or additional gains or losses upon disposal. We review estimated useful life and residual value of aircraft periodically based on our knowledge to determine if they are appropriate and record adjustments on an aircraft by aircraft basis as necessary.

        We apply ASC 360, which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment of long-lived assets and requires that all long-lived assets be evaluated for impairment where circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. We regularly,

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at least on a quarterly basis, evaluate these events and circumstances. The review for recoverability includes an assessment of the estimated future cash flows associated with the use of an asset and its eventual disposal. The assets are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of other groups of assets. In relation to flight equipment on operating lease, the impairment assessment is performed on each individual aircraft. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized. The loss is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the impaired asset over its fair value.

        Fair value reflects the present value of cash expected to be received from the aircraft in the future, including its expected residual value discounted at a rate commensurate with the associated risk. Future cash flows are assumed to occur under then current market conditions and assume adequate time for a sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller. Expected future lease rates are based on all relevant information available, including current contracted rates for similar aircraft, appraisal data and industry trends. Residual (salvage) value assumptions generally reflect 15% of the original manufacture costs, in line with industry standards, except where more recent industry information indicates a different value is appropriate. We generally focus our impairment assessment on older aircraft as the cash flows supporting the carrying value of such older aircraft are more dependent upon current lease contracts, which leases are more sensitive to weaknesses in the global economic environment. Further deterioration of the global economic environment and a further decrease of aircraft values might have a negative effect on the undiscounted cash flows of older aircraft and might trigger further impairments.

Impairments

        We have defined a threshold of 10% for aircraft for which the undiscounted cash flows do not substantially exceed the carrying value of the aircraft. The aggregated carrying value of the nine aircraft that did not substantially exceed our 10% threshold on December 31, 2013 amounted to $257.2 million, and their aggregated net book value was $261.8 million, which represented 3.2% of our total flight equipment held for operating lease.

        As of December 31, 2013, we owned 236 aircraft, of which, 13 were older than 15 years. The 13 aircraft had a net book value of $206.8 million which represented 2.6% of our total flight equipment held for operating lease. The undiscounted cash flows of the 13 aircraft older than 15 years were estimated at $234.6 million, which represents 13.5% excess above net book value. As of December 31, 2013, all 13 aircraft passed the recoverability test, including two aircraft that were impaired after their leases were terminated following a lessee default during the year. The 13 aircraft passed the recoverability test with undiscounted cash flows exceeding the carrying value of aircraft between 1% and 90%. The following assumptions drive the undiscounted cash flows: contracted lease rents per aircraft through current lease expiry, subsequent re-lease rates based on current marketing information and residual values based on current market transactions. We review and stress test our key assumptions to reflect any observed weakness in the global economic environment. Further deterioration of the global economic environment and a further decrease of aircraft values might have a negative effect on the undiscounted cash flows of older aircraft and might triggering further impairments.

        In the year ended December 31, 2013, we recognized an impairment charge of $26.2 million in income from continuing operations. The impairment charge recognized related to two older A319 aircraft, two Boeing 737-700 aircraft and two Boeing 747 freighters, which were older than 15 years of age as of December 31, 2013.

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Accrued Maintenance Liability

        In all of our aircraft leases, the lessees are responsible for maintenance and repairs of our flight equipment and related expenses during the term of the lease. In some instances, we may incur maintenance and repair expenses for our aircraft. We recognize leasing expenses in our income statement for all such expenditures. In many operating lease and finance lease contracts, the lessee has the obligation to make a periodic payment of supplemental maintenance rent which is calculated with reference to the utilization of airframes, engines and other major life-limited components during the lease. AerCap records as revenue all maintenance rent receipts not expected to be repaid to lessees. We estimate the total amount of maintenance reimbursements for the entire lease and only record revenue after we have received enough maintenance rent under a particular lease to cover the estimated total amount of revenue reimbursements. In these leases, upon lessee presentation of invoices evidencing the completion of qualifying maintenance on the aircraft, we make a payment to the lessee to compensate for the cost of the maintenance, up to the maximum of the supplemental maintenance rental payments made with respect to the lease contract.

        In most lease contracts not requiring the payment of supplemental rents, the lessee is required to re-deliver the aircraft in a similar maintenance condition (normal wear and tear excepted) as when accepted under the lease, with reference to major life-limited components of the aircraft. To the extent that such components are redelivered in a different condition than at acceptance, there is an end-of-lease compensation adjustment for the difference at redelivery. We recognize receipts of end-of-lease compensation adjustments as lease revenue when received and payments of end-of-lease adjustments as leasing expenses when paid.

        In addition, we may be obligated to make additional payments to the lessee for maintenance related expenses (lessor maintenance contributions or top-ups) primarily related to usage of major life-limited components occurring prior to entering into the lease. We account for planned major maintenance activities such as lessor contributions and top-ups based on the expense as incurred method in accordance with the Airline Audit and Accounting Guide. We record a charge to leasing expenses at the time of the occurrence of a lessor contribution or top-up payment, except in instances where we have established an accrual as an assumed liability for such payment in connection with the purchase of an aircraft with a lease attached, in which case such payments are charged against the existing accrual.

        For all of our lease contracts, any amounts of accrued maintenance liability existing at the end of a lease are released and recognized as lease revenue at lease termination. When flight equipment is sold, the portion of the accrued maintenance liability which is not specifically assigned to the buyer is released from the balance sheet and recognized as net gain on sale of assets as part of the sale of the flight equipment.

Consolidation

        We consolidate all companies in which we have a direct and indirect legal or effective control and all variable interest entities for which we are deemed the primary beneficiary and have control under ASC 810. All intercompany balances and transactions with consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated. The results of consolidated entities are included from the effective date of control or, in the case of variable interest entities, from the date that we are or become the primary beneficiary. The results of subsidiaries sold or otherwise deconsolidated are excluded from the date that we cease to control the subsidiary or, in the case of variable interest entities, when we cease to be the primary beneficiary.

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Deferred Income Taxes (Assets and Liabilities)

        We report deferred taxes of our taxable subsidiaries resulting from the temporary differences between the book values and the tax values of assets and liabilities using the liability method. The differences are calculated at nominal value using the enacted tax rate applicable at the time the temporary difference is expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets attributable to unutilized losses carried forward or other timing differences are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that such losses will not be utilized to offset future taxable income.

Revenues

        Our revenues consist primarily of lease revenue from aircraft leases, net gain on sale of assets, management fee revenue and interest revenue.

Lease Revenue

        Nearly all of our aircraft lease agreements provide for the payment of a fixed, periodic amount of rent or a floating, periodic amount of rent tied to interest rates during the term of the lease. In the year ended December 31, 2013, 12.9% of our basic aircraft lease revenue was attributable to leases tied to floating interest rates. In limited circumstances, our leases may require a basic rental payment based partially or exclusively on the amount of usage during a period. In addition, many of our leases require the payment of supplemental maintenance rent based on aircraft utilization and lease term, or an end-of-lease compensation amount calculated with reference to the technical condition of the aircraft at lease expiration. The amount of lease revenue we recognize is primarily influenced by five factors:

        In addition to aircraft-specific factors such as the type, condition and age of the asset, the lease rates for our leases with fixed rental payments are determined in part by reference to the prevailing interest rate for a debt instrument with a term similar to the lease term and with a similar credit quality as the lessee at the time we enter into the lease. Many of the factors described in the bullet points above are influenced by global and regional economic trends, airline market conditions, the supply/demand balance for the type of flight equipment we own and our ability to remarket flight equipment subject to expiring lease contracts under favorable economic terms.

        We operate our business on a global basis and as of December 31, 2013, 232 out of our 236 owned aircraft and each of our seven owned engines were on lease to 74 customers in 42 countries, with no lessee accounting for more than 11% of lease revenue for the year ended December 31, 2013. The four aircraft off-lease as of December 31, 2013 were subject to lease agreements at December 31, 2013. Two of these aircraft have been delivered since December 31, 2013 and the remaining two are scheduled for delivery in the first and second quarters of 2014.

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        The following table shows the regional profile of our lease revenue for the periods indicated:

 
  AerCap Holdings N.V.  
 
  Year ended
December 31,
2011
  Year ended
December 31,
2012
  Year ended
December 31,
2013
 

Europe

    38 %   39 %   35 %

Asia/Pacific/Russia

    39 %   36 %   32 %

North America/Caribbean

    12 %   14 %   18 %

Latin America

    6 %   7 %   11 %

Africa/Middle East

    5 %   4 %   4 %
               

Total

    100 %   100 %   100 %
               
               

Net Gain (Loss) on Sale of Assets

        Our net gain (loss) on sale of assets is generated from the sale of our aircraft, engines, and inventory. The net gain (loss) on sale we achieve on the sale of our aircraft, engines and inventory is largely dependent on the condition of the asset being sold, prevailing interest rates, airline market conditions and the supply/demand balance for the type of asset we are selling. The timing of the closing of aircraft and engine sales is often uncertain, as a sale may be concluded swiftly or negotiations may extend over several weeks or months. As a result, even if net gain (loss) on sale of assets is comparable over a long period of time, during any particular fiscal quarter or other reporting period we may close significantly more or fewer sale transactions than in other reporting periods. Accordingly, net gain (loss) on sales of assets recorded in one fiscal quarter or other reporting period may not be comparable to net gain (loss) on sales of assets in other periods.

Management Fee Revenue

        We generate management fee revenue through a variety of management services that we provide to non-consolidated aircraft securitization vehicles and joint ventures and third party owners of aircraft. Our management services include leasing and remarketing services, cash management and treasury services, technical advisory services and accounting and administrative services.

Interest Revenue

        Our interest revenue is derived primarily from deposit interest on unrestricted and restricted cash balances, interest earned on assets supporting defeased liabilities and interest recognized on financial instruments we hold, such as notes issued by lessees in connection with lease restructurings and subordinated debt investments in unconsolidated securitization vehicles or affiliates. The amount of interest revenue we recognize in any period is influenced by the amount of free or restricted cash balances, the scheduled amortization of defeased liabilities, the principal balance of financial instruments we hold, contracted or effective interest rates, and movements in provisions for financial instruments which can affect adjustments to valuations or provisions.

Other Revenue

        Our other revenue includes net gains or losses we generate from the sale of aircraft related investments, and reversals of provisions on such investments such as our subordinated interests in securitization vehicles and notes, warrants or convertible securities issued by our lessees, which we receive from lessees as compensation for amounts owed to us in connection with lease restructurings. The amount of other revenue recognized in any period is influenced by the number of saleable financial instruments we hold, the credit profile of the obligor and the demand for such investments in the market at the time. Since there is limited or no market liquidity for some of the securities we

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receive in connection with lease restructurings, making the securities difficult to value, and because many of the issuers of the securities are in a distressed financial condition, we may experience volatility in our revenues when we sell our aircraft related investments due to significant changes in their value.

Operating Expenses

        Our primary operating expenses consist of depreciation, interest on debt, other operating expenses, and selling, general and administrative expenses.

Depreciation

        Our depreciation expense is influenced by the adjusted gross book values of our flight equipment, the depreciable life of the flight equipment and the estimated residual value of the flight equipment. Adjusted gross book value is the original cost of our flight equipment, including purchase expenses, adjusted for subsequent capitalized improvements, impairments, and accounting basis adjustments associated with business combinations.

Interest on Debt

        Our interest on debt expense arises from a variety of funding structures and related derivative instruments as described in "—Indebtedness". Interest on debt expense in any period is primarily affected by contracted interest rates, principal amounts of indebtedness, including notional values of derivative instruments and unrealized mark-to-market gains or losses on derivative instruments for which we did not achieve cash flow hedge accounting treatment.

Other Operating Expenses

        Our other operating expenses consist primarily of operating lease-in costs, leasing expenses and provision for doubtful notes and accounts receivable.

        Our operating lease-in costs relate to our lease obligations for aircraft we lease from financial investors and sublease to aircraft operators. We entered into all of our lease-in transactions between 1988 and 1992 and all had expired as of December 31, 2013.

        Our leasing expenses consist primarily of maintenance expenses on our flight equipment, which we incur when our flight equipment is off-lease, lessor maintenance contribution expenses, technical expenses we incur to monitor the maintenance condition of our flight equipment during a lease, end-of-lease payments, expenses to transition flight equipment from an expired lease to a new lease contract and non-capitalizable flight equipment transaction expenses.

        Our provision for doubtful notes and accounts receivable consists primarily of provisions we establish to reduce the carrying value of our notes and accounts receivables to estimated collectible levels.

        The primary factors affecting our other operating expenses are:

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

        Our principal selling, general and administrative expenses consist of personnel expenses, including salaries, benefits, charges for share-based compensation, severance compensation, professional and advisory costs and office and travel expenses as summarized in Note 19 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. The level of our selling, general and administrative expenses is influenced primarily by our number of employees and the extent of transactions or ventures we pursue which require the assistance of outside professionals or advisors. Our selling, general and administrative expenses also include the mark-to-market gains and losses for our foreign exchange rate hedges related to our Euro denominated selling, general and administrative expenses.

Provisions for Income Taxes

        Our operations are taxable primarily in four main jurisdictions in which we manage our business: The Netherlands, Ireland, the United States and Sweden. Deferred income taxes are provided to reflect the impact of temporary differences between our U.S. GAAP income from continuing operations before income taxes and our taxable income. Our effective tax rate has varied significantly year to year. The primary source of temporary differences is the availability of accelerated tax depreciation in our primary operating jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate in any year depends on the tax rates in the jurisdictions from which our income is derived along with the extent of permanent differences between U.S. GAAP income from continuing operations before income taxes and taxable income.

        We have substantial tax losses in certain jurisdictions which can be carried forward, which we recognize as tax assets. We evaluate the recoverability of tax assets in each jurisdiction in each period based upon our estimates of future taxable income in those jurisdictions. If we determine that we are not likely to generate sufficient taxable income in a jurisdiction prior to expiration, if any, of the availability of tax losses, we establish a valuation allowance against the tax loss to reduce the tax asset to its recoverable value. We evaluate the appropriate level of valuation allowances annually and make adjustments as necessary. Increases or decreases to valuation allowances can affect our provision for income taxes on our consolidated income statement and consequently may affect our effective tax rate in a given year.

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Comparative Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2012

 
  Year ended
December 31,
2012
  Year ended
December 31,
2013
 
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Revenues

             

Lease revenue

  $ 997.2   $ 976.1  

Net (loss) gain on sale of assets

    (46.4 )   41.9  

Management fee revenue

    17.3     20.7  

Interest revenue

    2.4     5.5  

Other revenue

    2.0     5.9  
           

Total revenues

    972.5     1,050.1  

Expenses

             

Depreciation

    357.4     337.7  

Asset Impairment

    12.6     26.2  

Interest on debt

    286.0     226.3  

Other operating expenses

    78.2     49.1  

Transaction expenses

        10.9  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    83.4     89.1  
           

Total expenses

    817.6     739.3  

Income from continuing operations before income taxes and income of investments accounted for under the equity method

    154.9     310.8  

Provision for income taxes

    (8.1 )   (26.0 )

Net income of investments accounted for under the equity method

    11.6     10.6  
           

Net income

    158.4     295.4  

Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interest, net of taxes

    5.3     (3.0 )
           

Net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V

  $ 163.7   $ 292.4  
           
           

        Revenues.    Our total revenues increased by $77.6 million, or 8.0%, to $1,050.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $972.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The principal categories of our revenue and their variances were:

 
  Year ended
December 31,
2012
  Year ended
December 31,
2013
  Increase/
(decrease)
  Percentage
Difference
 
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Lease revenue

                         

Basic rents

  $ 931.9   $ 901.6   $ (30.3 )   (3.3 )%

Maintenance rents and end-of-lease compensation

    65.3     74.5     9.2     14.1 %

Net gain (loss) on sale of assets

    (46.4 )   41.9     88.3     190.3 %

Management fee revenue

    17.3     20.7     3.4     19.7 %

Interest revenue

    2.4     5.5     3.1     129.2 %

Other revenue

    2.0     5.9     3.9     195.0 %
                   

Total

  $ 972.5   $ 1,050.1   $ 77.6     8.0 %
                   
                   

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        Basic rents decreased by $30.3 million, or 3.3%, to $901.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $931.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease in basic rents was attributable primarily to:

        Maintenance rents and other receipts increased by $9.2 million, or 14.1%, to $74.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $65.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was primarily attributable to:

        Net gain (loss) on sale of assets increased by $88.3 million, or 190.3%, to a $41.9 million gain in the year ended December 31, 2013 from a $46.4 million loss in the year ended December 31, 2012. In the year ended December 31, 2013, we sold three A330 aircraft, nine Boeing 737 aircraft (including eight aircraft sold as part of the Guggenheim Transaction), one MD-11 aircraft and one Boeing 737 aircraft (both of which were included in net investment in direct finance leases), whereas in the year ended December 31, 2012, we sold 35 A320 aircraft, four A330 aircraft, 14 Boeing 737 aircraft, and six other aircraft. Net loss on sale of assets in the year ended December 31, 2013 of $46.4 million included a $59.9 million loss as a result of the ALS Transaction. Net gain on sale of assets excluding this $59.9 million loss was $13.5 million.

        Management fee revenue increased by $3.4 million, or 19.7%, to $20.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $17.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was mainly attributable to the additional management fee revenue in 2013 as a result of the ALS Transaction, which closed at the end of 2012.

        Interest revenue increased by $3.1 million, or 129.2%, to $5.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $2.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was mainly attributable to interest accrued on the ALS Note Receivable.

        Other revenue increased by $3.9 million, or 195.0%, to $5.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $2.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. Other revenue in both

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periods related primarily to the cash recovery of bankruptcy claims against previous lessees, guarantee fees and non-recurring payments.

        Depreciation.    Depreciation decreased by $19.6 million, or 5.5%, to $337.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $357.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease was primarily the result of sales of older aircraft with a higher depreciation rate factor which was partially offset by the purchases of new aircraft between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013.

        Asset impairment.    In the year ended December 31, 2013, we recognized an aggregated impairment charge of $26.2 million, whereas in the year ended December 31, 2012, we recognized an aggregated impairment charge of $12.6 million. The impairment charge recognized in the year ended December 31, 2013, primarily related to two older Boeing 737-700 aircraft, two older A319 aircraft and two older Boeing 747 freighters. The impairment on the Boeing 737-700 aircraft was triggered by the release of $9.9 million of maintenance reserve upon redelivery and the impairment of the two Boeing 747 freighters was triggered by $17.7 million end of lease payments upon redeliveries. The impairment charge recognized in the year ended December 31, 2012, related to four older A320 aircraft, which were repossessed, and one older Boeing 737 aircraft.

        Interest on Debt.    Our interest on debt decreased by $59.7 million, or 20.9%, to $226.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $286.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The majority of the decrease in interest on debt was caused by:

        Other Operating Expenses.    Our other operating expenses decreased by $29.1 million, or 37.2%, to $49.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $78.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The principal categories of our other operating expenses and their variances were as follows:

 
  Year ended
December 31, 2012
  Year ended
December 31, 2013
  Increase/
(decrease)
  Percentage
difference
 
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Operating lease-in costs

  $ 6.1   $ 0.6   $ (5.5 )   (90.2 )%

Leasing expenses

    72.1     48.5     (23.6 )   (32.7 )%
                   

Total

  $ 78.2   $ 49.1   $ 29.1     37.2 %
                   
                   

        Our operating lease-in costs decreased by $5.5 million, or 90.2%, to $0.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $6.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease was primarily due to the expiration of our remaining lease-in, lease-out transactions.

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        Our leasing expenses decreased by $23.6 million, or 32.7%, to $48.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $72.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $25.5 million in expenses relating to airline defaults and restructurings. We recognized expenses of $15.5 million relating to airline defaults and restructurings in the year ended December 31, 2013, which related to defaults and restructurings that occurred in 2012 and 2013. In the year ended December 31, 2012, we recognized expenses of $41.2 million relating to airline defaults and restructurings. Other leasing expenses increased by $1.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2012.

        Transaction expenses.    In the year ended December 31, 2013 we incurred $10.9 million of transaction expenses related to the ILFC Transaction.

        Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.    Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $5.7 million, or 6.8%, to $89.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $83.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was primarily caused by an $8.8 million increase in personnel expenses partially offset by lower professional fees.

        Income From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Income of Investments Accounted for Under the Equity Method.    For the reasons explained above, our income from continuing operations before income taxes and income of investments accounted for under the equity method increased by $154.9 million, or 100.6%, to $310.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $154.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2012.

        Provision for Income Taxes.    Our provision for income taxes increased by $17.9 million, or 221.0%, to a charge of $26.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2013. Our effective tax rate was 8.4% for the year ended December 31, 2013 and was 5.2% for the year ended December 31, 2012. The 2012 tax rate was reduced by the loss from the ALS Transaction and charges from repayment of certain secured loans. Our effective tax rate in any period is impacted by the source and the amount of earnings among our different tax jurisdictions.

        Net income of Investments Accounted for Under the Equity Method.    Our net income of investments accounted for under the equity method decreased by $1.0 million, or 8.6% to $10.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $11.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2012.

        Net Income.    For the reasons explained above, our net income increased by $137.0 million, or 86.5%, to $295.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $158.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012.

        Non-controlling interest, net of tax.    Net income attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax was $3.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to net loss attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax of $5.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2012, which was primarily caused by the higher income in our consolidated joint ventures.

        Net Income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V.    For the reasons explained above, our net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. increased by $128.7 million, or 78.6%, to $292.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 from $163.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2012.

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Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2011

 
  Year ended
December 31,
2011
  Year ended
December 31,
2012
 
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Revenues

             

Lease revenue

  $ 1,050.5   $ 997.2  

Net gain (loss) on sale of assets

    9.3     (46.4 )

Management fee revenue

    19.1     17.3  

Interest revenue

    2.7     2.4  

Other revenue

    12.3     2.0  
           

Total revenues

    1,093.9     972.5  

Expenses

             

Depreciation

    361.2     357.4  

Asset Impairment

    15.6     12.6  

Interest on debt

    292.5     286.0  

Other operating expenses

    73.8     78.2  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    120.8     83.4  
           

Total expenses

    863.9     817.6  

Income from continuing operations before income taxes and income of investments accounted for under the equity method

    230.0     154.9  

Provision for income taxes

    (15.4 )   (8.1 )

Net income of investments accounted for under the equity method

    10.9     11.6  
           

Net income from continuing operations

    225.5     158.4  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations (AeroTurbine, including loss on disposal), net of tax

    (52.8 )    
           

Net income

    172.7     158.4  

Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interest, net of taxes

    (0.5 )   5.3  
           

Net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. 

  $ 172.2   $ 163.7  
           
           

        Revenues.    Our total revenues decreased by $121.4 million, or 11.1%, to $972.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $1,093.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The principal categories of our revenue and their variances were:

 
  Year ended
December 31,
2011
  Year ended
December 31,
2012
  Increase/
(decrease)
  Percentage
Difference
 
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Lease revenue

                         

Basic rents

  $ 951.3   $ 931.9   $ (19.4 )   (2.0 )%

Maintenance rents and end-of-lease compensation

    99.2     65.3     (33.9 )   (34.2 )%

Net gain (loss) on sale of assets

    9.3     (46.4 )   (55.7 )   (599.0 )%

Management fee revenue

    19.1     17.3     (1.8 )   (9.4 )%

Interest revenue

    2.7     2.4     (0.3 )   (11.1 )%

Other revenue

    12.3     2.0     (10.3 )   (83.7 )%
                   

Total

  $ 1,093.9   $ 972.5   $ (121.4 )   (11.1 )%
                   
                   

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        Basic rents decreased by $19.4 million, or 2.0%, to $931.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $951.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease in basic rents was attributable primarily to:

        Maintenance rents and other receipts decreased by $33.9 million, or 34.2%, to $65.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $99.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease was primarily attributable to:

        Net gain (loss) on sale of assets decreased by $55.7 million, or 599.0%, to a $46.4 million loss in the year ended December 31, 2012 from a $9.3 million gain in the year ended December 31, 2011. Net loss on sale of assets of $46.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 included a $59.9 million loss as a result of the ALS Transaction. Net gain on sale of assets excluding this $59.9 million loss was $13.5 million. In the year ended December 31, 2012, we sold 35 A320 aircraft, four A330 aircraft, 14 Boeing 737 aircraft and six other aircraft, whereas in the year ended December 31, 2011, we sold three A320, one A330, six Boeing 737 aircraft, three Boeing 757 aircraft, five MD80 aircraft, and three A330 aircraft through the sale of a 50% interest in a joint venture.

        Management fee revenue decreased by $1.8 million, or 9.4%, to $17.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $19.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease was mainly attributable to the decrease in managed aircraft from 42 aircraft as of December 31, 2011 to 30 aircraft as of December 31, 2012 (excluding the 50 ALS aircraft that started generating management fee revenue from November 2012, as a result of the ALS Transaction).

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        Interest revenue decreased by $0.3 million, or 11.1%, to $2.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $2.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.

        Other revenue decreased by $10.3 million, or 83.7%, to $2.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $12.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. Other revenue in both periods related primarily to the cash recovery of bankruptcy claims against previous lessees, guarantee fees and one-time payments. The decrease in 2012 was due primarily to a large one-time payment (income) of $8.2 million in 2011.

        Depreciation.    Depreciation decreased by $3.8 million, or 1.1%, to $357.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $361.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $9.7 million decrease in depreciation as a result of purchases and sales of aircraft between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012 which was partially offset by a $5.9 million increase in the year ended December 31, 2012 as a result of our changed estimates of useful lives and residual values of certain older aircraft.

        Asset impairment.    In the year ended December 31, 2012, we recognized an aggregated impairment charge of $12.6 million, whereas in the year ended December 31, 2011, we recognized an aggregated impairment charge of $15.6 million. The impairment charge recognized in the year ended December 31, 2012, related to four older A320 aircraft, which were repossessed, and one older Boeing 737 aircraft. Upon the lease terminations, the four repossessed A320 aircraft released $12.0 million of maintenance reserves. The impairment charge recognized in the year ended December 31, 2011, related to four older A320 aircraft, one older Boeing 737 aircraft, two engines and an intangible lease premium.

        Interest on Debt.    Our interest on debt decreased by $6.5 million, or 2.2%, to $286.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $292.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The majority of the decrease in interest on debt was caused by:

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        Other Operating Expenses.    Our other operating expenses increased by $4.4 million, or 6.0%, to $78.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $73.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The principal categories of our other operating expenses and their variances were as follows:

 
  Year ended
December 31,
2011
  Year ended
December 31,
2012
  Increase/
(decrease)
  Percentage
difference
 
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Operating lease-in costs

  $ 12.1   $ 6.1   $ (6.0 )   (49.6 )%

Leasing expenses

    58.4     72.1     13.7     23.5 %

Provision for doubtful notes and accounts receivable

    3.3         (3.3 )   100.0 %
                   

Total

  $ 73.8   $ 78.2   $ 4.4     6.0 %
                   
                   

        Our operating lease-in costs decreased by $6.0 million, or 49.6%, to $6.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $12.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease is primarily due to the expiration of one of our lease-in, lease-out transactions.

        Our leasing expenses increased by $13.7 million, or 23.5%, to $72.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $58.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase is primarily due to an increase of $10.5 million in expenses relating to airline defaults and restructurings. We recognized expenses of $41.2 million relating to airline defaults and restructurings in the year ended December 31, 2012, which related to defaults and restructurings that occurred in 2011 and 2012. In the year ended December 31, 2011, we recognized expenses of $30.7 million relating to airline defaults and restructurings. Other leasing expenses increased by $3.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011.

        In the year ended December 31, 2012 none of our leases had defaults that significantly affected the provision for doubtful accounts. In the year ended December 31, 2011 the provision for doubtful accounts was $3.3 million which was caused by the default of two of our lessees.

        Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.    Our selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $37.4 million, or 31.0%, to $83.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $120.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease was primarily caused by a $24.5 million one-off charge relating to the buy-out of the Genesis portfolio servicing rights in the year ended December 31, 2011, a $5.7 million decrease in the mark-to-market of foreign currency hedges, foreign currency cash balances and other derivatives and a $4.5 million decrease in termination and severance payments.

        Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Income of Investments Accounted for Under the Equity Method.    For the reasons explained above, our income from continuing operations before income taxes and income of investments accounted for under the equity method decreased by $75.1 million, or 32.7%, to $154.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $230.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.

        Provision for Income Taxes.    Our provision for income taxes decreased by $7.4 million to a charge of $8.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2012. Our effective tax rate was 5.2% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and was 6.7% for the year ended December 31, 2011. Our effective tax rate in any period is impacted by the source and the amount of earnings among our different tax jurisdictions.

        Net Income of Investments Accounted for Under the Equity Method.    Our net income of investments accounted for under the equity method increased by $0.7 million, or 6.4% to $11.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $10.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.

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        Net Income from Continuing Operations.    For the reasons explained above, our net income from continuing operations decreased by $67.1 million, or 29.8%, to $158.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $225.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.

        Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations.    In the year ended December 31, 2011 we recognized a loss of $52.8 million from discontinued operations as a result of the sale of AeroTurbine.

        Net Income.    For the reasons explained above, our net income decreased by $14.3 million, or 8.3%, to $158.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $172.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.

        Non-controlling interest, net of tax.    Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax was $5.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to net income attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax of $0.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The net loss attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax of $5.2 million in year ended December 31, 2012, was caused, amongst other things, by the higher leasing expenses and loss on sale of two Boeing 757 aircraft by our consolidated 50% joint venture AerCap Partners I.

        Net Income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V.    For the reasons explained above, our net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. decreased by $8.5 million, or 4.9%, to $163.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 from $172.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.

Consolidated Cash Flows

        The following table presents our consolidated cash flows for 2012 and 2013. We currently generate significant cash flows from our aircraft leasing business. Since a significant portion of our owned aircraft are held through restricted cash entities, such as ALS II and GFL, and since a significant portion of our capital requirements are outside our restricted cash entities, our management analyzes our cash flow at both consolidated and unconsolidated levels to make sure that we have sufficient cash flows available to finance our capital needs in our restricted cash entities and outside our restricted cash entities. Therefore, the following table and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Liquidity and Access to Capital section.

 
  2012   2013  
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Net cash flow provided by operating activities

  $ 656.7   $ 694.9  

Net cash flow used in investing activities

    (351.6 )   (1,337.1 )

Net cash flow (used in) provided by financing activities

    (193.9 )   417.4  

        Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities.    Our cash flow provided by operating activities increased by $38.2 million, or5.8%, to $694.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $656.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily due to the acquisition of aircraft.

        Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities.    Our cash flows used in investing activities increased by $985.5 million, or 280.3%, to $1,337.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $351.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increased use of cash was primarily due to an increase of $921.4 million in aircraft purchase activity, an increase of $13.2 million in capital contributions, relating to non-consolidated joint ventures, and a decrease in cash flow of $116.9 million from asset sale proceeds which was partially offset by a decrease of $66.0 million due to the movement of our restricted cash balances relating mostly to refinancings.

        Cash Flows (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities.    Our cash flows provided by financing activities increased by $611.4 million, or 315.3%, to $417.4 million of cash flow provided by financing

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activities for the year ended December 31, 2013 from $193.9 million of cash flow used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2012. This increase in cash flows provided by financing activities was due primarily to an increase of $325.3 million in new financing proceeds, net of repayments and debt issuance costs, and the effect of share repurchases of $320.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2012, partially offset by a decrease of $34.0 million of net receipts of maintenance and security deposits.

        Material Unused Sources of Liquidity.    Our cash balance as of December 31, 2013 was $568.3 million, including restricted cash of $272.8 million. Our unused lines of credit as of December 31, 2013 were $0.9 billion and primarily consisted of an AerFunding revolving credit facility of $332.9 million, an unsecured revolving credit facility of $320.0 million, a $152.9 million Boeing 737-800 pre-delivery-payment facility to finance the pre-delivery payments to Boeing for the aircraft to be delivered in 2015 and a $70.0 million facility for the funding of Boeing 737 aircraft to be delivered in 2014.

        We are a publicly limited company based in, and resident for tax purposes in, The Netherlands. We are not engaged in business within, nor do we have a permanent establishment in the United States. Only our U.S. subsidiaries are subject to U.S. net income tax or would potentially have to withhold U.S. taxes upon a distribution of our earnings. Accordingly, we do not have to accrue and pay any United States taxes as a result of repatriation of earnings from our foreign subsidiaries.

        Likewise, for Dutch tax purposes, we do not have to accrue and pay any taxes as a result of repatriation of earning from any of our foreign subsidiaries to The Netherlands. As of December 31, 2013, $147.6 million out of $295.5 million of cash and short-term investments were held by our foreign subsidiaries. Additionally, our legal restrictions in relation to dividend payments are described on pages 97 through 99 of this 20-F. There are no other legal or economic restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer funds in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances.

Indebtedness

        As of December 31, 2013, our outstanding indebtedness totaled $6.2 billion and primarily consisted of export credit facilities, commercial bank debt, revolving credit debt and securitization debt.

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        The following table provides a summary of our indebtedness as of December 31, 2013:

 
  2012   2013(1)   Weighted average
interest rate
December 31, 2013(2)
  Maturity  

Secured

                       

ECA-guaranteed financings

  $ 1,675,387   $ 1,504,429   2.48%     2024  

ALS II debt

    572,270     450,045   2.02%     2038  

AerFunding revolving credit facility

    538,024     967,094   2.92%     2018  

Genesis securitization debt

    549,288     452,233   0.41%     2032  

TUI portfolio acquisition facility

    188,393     163,943   1.92%     2015  

SkyFunding I and II facilities

    507,475     623,785   3.74%     2023  

Other debt

    1,179,169     1,390,521   3.12%     2023  

Unsecured

                       

Senior unsecured notes due 2017

    300,000     300,000   6.38%     2017  

DBS revolving credit facility

        150,000   2.50%     2018  

Other

                       

Subordinated debt joint ventures partners(3)

    64,280     64,280   1.96%     2022  

DBS B737-800 PDP Facility

        47,458   3.00%     2015  

Other debt

    229,213     123,104   5.67%     2020  
                     

  $ 5,803,499   $ 6,236,892            
                     
                     

(1)
As of December 31, 2013, we remain in compliance with the respective financial covenants across the Company's various debt obligations.

(2)
The weighted average interest rate is calculated based on the U.S. dollar LIBOR rate as of December 31, 2013, and excludes the impact of related derivative instruments which we hold to hedge our exposure to interest rates as well as any amortization of the debt issuance costs.

(3)
Subordinated debt issued to two of our joint venture partners in 2008 and 2010.

        During the year ended December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with all applicable financial covenants contained in our debt instruments.

Contractual Obligations

        Our contractual obligations consist of principal and interest payments on debt, executed purchase agreements to purchase aircraft, operating lease rentals on aircraft under lease-in/lease-out structures and rent payments pursuant to our office leases and excludes deferred debt discount. We intend to fund our contractual obligations through our lines of credit and other borrowings as well as internally generated cash flows. We believe that our sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our contractual obligations.

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        The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and their maturity dates as of December 31, 2013:


Payments Due By Period as of December 31, 2013

Contractual Obligations
  Less than
one year
  One to
three years
  Three to
five years
  Thereafter   Total  
 
  (U.S. dollars in thousands)
 

Debt(1)

  $ 787,022   $ 1,669,952   $ 2,249,407   $ 1,620,788   $ 6,327,169  

Estimated interest payments(2)

    182,772     310,914     193,152     80,233     767,072  

Purchase obligations(3)

    785,901     1,277,124     947,291         3,010,317  

Operating leases(4)

    2,227     3,718     1,997         7,941  

Derivative obligations(2)

    5,872     4,311             10,183  
                       

Total

  $ 1,763,794   $ 3,266,019   $ 3,391,847   $ 1,701,021   $ 10,122,682  
                       
                       

(1)
Exclusive of deferred debt discount.

(2)
Includes estimated interest payments based on one-month LIBOR of 0.17% and three-month LIBOR of 0.25% as of December 31, 2013.

(3)
As of December 31, 2013, we expect to make capital expenditures related to 39 new aircraft on order, including three A330 aircraft, five A320neo aircraft, nine A350 aircraft, 15 Boeing 737 aircraft and seven Boeing 787 aircraft in 2014 and thereafter.

(4)
Represents contractual payments on our office and facility leases in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, New York (New York), Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Shannon, Ireland, Singapore, Shanghai, China and Abu Dhabi.

        The table below provides information as of December 31, 2013 regarding our debt obligations and estimated interest obligations based on one-month LIBOR of 0.17% and three-month LIBOR of 0.25% as of December 31, 2013, per facility type:

 
  Less than
one year
  One to
three years
  Three to
five years
  Thereafter   Total  
 
  (U.S. dollars in thousands)
 

Pre-delivery payment facilities(1)

  $ 1,422   $ 48,169   $   $   $ 49,591  

Debt facilities with non-scheduled amortization(2)

    331,086     588,078     1,056,209     291,045     2,266,418  

Other facilities

    637,287     1,344,619     1,386,350     1,409,976     4,778,232  
                       

Total

  $ 969,795   $ 1,980,866   $ 2,442,559   $ 1,701,021   $ 7,094,241  
                       
                       

(1)
Repayment of debt owed on pre-delivery payment facilities is essentially offset by proceeds received from aircraft purchase debt facilities.

(2)
Debt is amortized by the amount of free cash flow generated within each of these facilities.

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Capital Expenditures

        Our primary capital expenditure is the purchase of aircraft, including pre-delivery payments under aircraft purchase agreements with Airbus and Boeing. The table below sets forth our capital expenditures for the historical periods indicated.

 
  Year ended December 31,  
 
  2011   2012   2013  
 
  (U.S. dollars in thousands)
 

Capital expenditures

  $ 763,159   $ 1,038,657   $ 1,782,839  

Pre-delivery payments

    47,752     36,124     213,320  

        In 2011, our principal capital expenditures were for two A320 and seven A330 aircraft delivered under our forward order agreements and four Boeing 737-800 aircraft delivered under the purchase and leaseback transaction with American Airlines. In 2012, our principal capital expenditures were for one A320 and five A330 aircraft delivered under our forward order agreements and 14 Boeing 737-800 aircraft delivered under the purchase and leaseback transaction with American Airlines. In 2013, our principal capital expenditures were for ten A330 aircraft delivered under the LATAM purchase and leaseback agreement, two new A330 aircraft, four A320 aircraft delivered under our forward order agreements and 22 Boeing 737-800 aircraft delivered under the purchase and leaseback transaction with American Airlines.

        The table below sets forth our expected capital expenditures for future periods indicated based on contracted commitments as of December 31, 2013.

 
  2014   2015   2016   Thereafter   Total  
 
  (U.S. dollars in thousands)
 

Capital expenditures

  $ 657,392   $ 281,907   $ 969,184   $ 947,291   $ 2,855,774  

Pre-delivery payments

    128,509     26,034             154,543  
                       

Total

  $ 785,901   $ 307,941   $ 969,184   $ 947,291   $ 3,010,317  
                       
                       

        As of December 31, 2013, excluding five purchase rights, we expected to make capital expenditures related to 39 new aircraft on order, including three A330 aircraft, five A320neo aircraft, nine A350 aircraft, 15 Boeing 737 aircraft and seven Boeing 787 aircraft in 2014 and thereafter.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

        We continue to have an economic interest in AerCo. Historically the investment in AerCo has been written down to zero, because we do not expect to realize any value. We have other investments in companies or ventures in the airline industry which we obtain primarily through restructurings in our leasing business. The value of these investments are immaterial to our financial position. We do not consolidate such companies on our balance sheet because the investments do not meet the requirements for consolidation.

        As discussed above, we have also entered into two joint ventures, AerDragon and AerLift, that do not qualify for consolidated accounting treatment. The assets and liabilities of these two joint ventures are off our balance sheet and we only record our net investment under the equity method of accounting.

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Management's use of "net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. excluding non-cash charges relating to the mark-to-market of our interest rate caps and share-based compensation"

        The following is a definition of a non-GAAP measure used in this report on Form 20-F and a reconciliation of such measure to the most closely related GAAP measure:

        Adjusted net income.    This measure is determined by adding non-cash charges related to the mark-to-market losses on our interest rate caps and share-based compensation during the applicable period, net of related tax benefits, to GAAP net income. In addition to GAAP net income, we believe this measure may provide investors with supplemental information regarding our operational performance and may further assist investors in their understanding of our operational performance in relation to past and future reporting periods. We use interest rate caps to allow us to benefit from decreasing interest rates and protect against the negative impact of rising interest rates on its floating rate debt. Management determines the appropriate level of caps in any period with reference to the mix of floating and fixed cash inflows from our lease and other contracts. We do not apply hedge accounting to our interest rate caps. As a result, we recognize the change in fair value of the interest rate caps in our income statement during each period. For 2012, adjusted net income also excludes the charges to interest expense from the early repayment of secured loans and the net loss on sale of the ALS portfolio. For 2013, adjusted net income also excludes transaction expenses related to the ILFC Transaction.

        The following is a reconciliation of adjusted net income to net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013:

 
  Year ended
December 31,
2012
  Year ended
December 31,
2013
 
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. 

  $ 163.7   $ 292.4  

Plus: Non-cash charges (income) relating to the mark-to-market of interest rate caps, net of tax

    12.5     (10.2 )

Non-cash charges related to share-based compensation, net of tax

    6.3     8.1  
           

Net income attributable to AerCap Holdings N.V. excluding non-cash charges related to mark-to-market of interest rate caps and share-based compensation

  $ 182.5   $ 290.3  

Plus: Transaction expenses

        9.6  

Charges to interest expense from the early repayment of secured loans, net of tax

    20.9      

Net loss on sale of the ALS portfolio

    54.6      
           

Adjusted net income

  $ 258.0   $ 299.9  
           
           

        Adjusted earnings per share are determined by dividing the amount of adjusted net income by the average number of shares outstanding for that period. The average number of shares is based on a daily average.

Management's use of "net interest margin or net spread"

        Net interest margin or net spread.    This measure is the difference between basic lease rents and interest expense excluding the impact from the mark-to-market of interest rate caps and non-recurring charges. We believe this measure may further assist investors in their understanding of the changes and trends related to the earnings of our leasing activities. This measure reflects the impact from changes in the number of aircraft leased, lease rates, utilization rates, as well as the impact from the use of

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interest rate caps instead of swaps to hedge our interest rate risk. The following is a reconciliation of net spread to basic rents for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2013:

 
  Year ended
December 31,
2012
  Year ended
December 31,
2013
 
 
  (U.S. dollars in millions)
 

Basic rents

  $ 931.9   $ 901.6  

Interest on debt

    286.0     226.3  

Plus: mark-to-market of interest rate caps

    (14.4 )   11.7  

Plus: charges to interest expense from the early repayment of secured loans

    (23.9 )    
           

Interest on debt excluding the impact of mark-to-market of interest rate caps and charges to interest expense from the early repayment of secured loans(a)

    247.7     238.0  
           

Net spread

  $ 684.2   $ 663.6  
           
           

(a)
Interest on debt excluding the above charges for the twelve months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 includes $29.6 million and $27.1 million of amortization of debt issuance costs, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

        In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, to improve the comparability of financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both (1) instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position in accordance with either Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45 or (2) instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. This scope would include derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements. The amendments in this update require an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effect of those arrangements on its financial position. This information will enable users of an entity's financial statements to evaluate the effect or potential effect of netting arrangements on an entity's financial position, including the effect or potential effect of rights of setoff associated with certain financial instruments and derivative instruments in the scope of this update. ASU 2011-11 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and should be applied retrospectively. The adoption of ASU 2011-11 did not have an effect on our consolidated financial statements.

        In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which adds new disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). This new standard is intended to help entities improve the transparency of changes in other comprehensive income and items reclassified out of AOCI in their financial statements. The new standard requires entities to disclosure additional information about reclassification adjustments, including (1) changes in AOCI balances by component and (2) significant items reclassified out of AOCI. The new disclosure requirements became effective for interim and annual periods beginning on January 1, 2013. The adoption of the new standard requires us to include additional disclosures for items reclassified out of AOCI when applicable.

        In July 2013, the FASB issued an accounting standard that requires a liability related to unrecognized tax benefits to be presented as a reduction to the related deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carry-forward or a tax credit carry-forward (the "Carry-forwards"). When the Carry-

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forwards are not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the jurisdiction or the tax law of the jurisdiction does not require, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit will be presented in the financial statements as a liability and will not be combined with the related deferred tax assets. This standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2013, but earlier adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, the standard must be applied prospectively to unrecognized tax benefits that exist at the effective date. Retrospective application is permitted. We plan to adopt the standard prospectively on its required effective date of January 1, 2014 and do not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.


INDEBTEDNESS

        Please refer to pages F-31 through F-49 of this annual report for a detailed description of our outstanding indebtedness.

Item 6.    Directors, Senior Management and Employees

Directors and officers.

Name
  Age   Position   Date of First
Appointment
  End Current
Term

Directors

                 

Pieter Korteweg

    72   Non-Executive Chairman
of the Board of Directors
  July 2006   2015 AGM

Aengus Kelly

    40   Executive Director and
Chief Executive Officer
  May 2011   2019 AGM

Salem Al Noaimi

    38   Non-Executive Director   May 2011   2015 AGM

Homaid Al Shemmari

    46   Non-Executive Director   May 2011   2015 AGM

James (Jim) Chapman

    51   Non-Executive Director   July 2006   2017 AGM

Paul Dacier

    56   Non-Executive Director
Vice Chairman
  May 2010   2018 AGM

Richard (Michael) Gradon

    54   Non-Executive Director   May 2010   2018 AGM

Marius Jonkhart

    63   Non-Executive Director   July 2006   2017 AGM

Robert (Bob) Warden

    41   Non-Executive Director   July 2006   2018 AGM

Officers

   
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

Keith Helming

    55   Chief Financial Officer        

Wouter (Erwin) den Dikken

    46   Chief Operating Officer
Chief Legal Officer
       

Tom Kelly

    50   CEO AerCap Ireland        

Edward (Ted) O'Byrne

    42   Chief Investment Officer        

Paul Rofe

    54   Group Treasurer        

Joe Venuto

    56   Chief Technical Officer        

Kenneth Wigmore

    45   Chief Marketing Officer        

(1)
The term for each Director ends at the Annual General Meeting ("AGM") typically held in April or May of each year.

Directors

        Pieter Korteweg.    Mr. Korteweg has been a Director of our company since September 27, 2006. He serves as Vice Chairman of Cerberus Global Investment Advisors, LLC, and Director of Cerberus entities in the Netherlands. In addition, he serves as Non-Executive Member of the Board of Showa

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Jisho Co. Ltd (Tokyo), Member of the Supervisory Board of Bawag PSK Bank (Vienna), Member of the Board of Bawag Holding GmbH (Vienna) and Non-Executive Member of the Board of Promontoria Plataforma S.L. (Madrid). He currently also serves as senior advisor to Anthos B.V. Mr. Korteweg previously served as Member of the Supervisory Board of Mercedes Benz Nederland BV, as Non-Executive Member of the Board of Aozora Bank Ltd. (Tokyo), Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Pensions and Insurance Supervisory Authority of The Netherlands, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics and Vice-Chairman of the Supervisory Board of De Nederlandsche Bank. From 1987 to 2001, Mr. Korteweg was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Group Executive Committee of Robeco Group in Rotterdam. From 1981 to 1986, he was Treasurer-General at The Netherlands Ministry of Finance. In addition, Mr. Korteweg was a professor of economics from 1971 to 1998 at Erasmus University Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Mr. Korteweg holds a PhD in Economics from Erasmus University Rotterdam.

        Aengus Kelly.    Mr. Kelly was appointed Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer of our company on May 18, 2011. Previously he served as Chief Executive Officer of our U.S. operations since January 2008 and he was our Group Treasurer from 2005 through December 31, 2007. He started his career in the aviation leasing and financing business with Guinness Peat Aviation in 1998 and has continued working with its successors AerFi in Ireland and debis AirFinance and AerCap in Amsterdam. Prior to joining GPA in 1998, he spent three years with KPMG in Dublin. Mr. Kelly is a Chartered Accountant and holds a Bachelor's degree in Commerce and a Master's degree in Accounting from University College Dublin.

        Salem Al Noaimi.    Mr. Al Noaimi has been a Director of our company since May 18, 2011. Mr. Al Noaimi is also Waha Capital's Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director, responsible for leading the company's overall strategy across its business lines. Mr. Al Noaimi has served as Waha Capital's CEO over the past 5 years, with previous roles including Deputy CEO of Waha Capital, and CEO of Waha Leasing. Earlier in his career, Mr. Al Noaimi held various positions at Dubai Islamic Bank, the UAE Central Bank, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development and Kraft Foods. He chairs and sits on the board of a number of companies, including Abu Dhabi Ship Building, Dunia Finance, Siraj Finance, Anglo Arabian Healthcare, the MENA Infrastructure Fund and Bahrain's ADDAX Bank. Mr. Al Noaimi is a UAE national with a degree in Finance and International Business from Northeastern University in Boston.

        Homaid Al Shemmari.    Mr. Al Shemmari has been a Director of our company since May 18, 2011. Mr. Al Shemmari is also the Chief Executive Officer of Mubadala Aerospace & Engineering Services and member of the Investment Committee at Mubadala. He serves as Chairman of Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies (ADAT), Abu Dhabi Ship Building, Strata Manufacturing, Advance Military Maintenance Repair and overhaul Centre (AMMROC), Maximus Air Cargo and Abu Dhabi Autonomous Systems Investment. In addition, he holds board positions with Mubadala Petroleum, Piaggio Aero Industries, Abu Dhabi Aviation, Royal Jet and Advanced Technology Investment Company (ATIC). Before joining Mubadala, Mr. Al Shemmari was a Lieutenant Colonel in the UAE Armed Forces serving in the areas of military aviation, maintenance, procurement and logistics. Mr. Al Shemmari holds a Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Embry Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida, and holds a black belt in six sigma from General Electric, a highly disciplined leadership program.

        James N. Chapman.    Mr. Chapman has been a Director of our company since July 26, 2006. Mr. Chapman serves as a Non-Executive Advisory Director of SkyWorks Capital, LLC, an aviation and aerospace management consulting services company based in Greenwich, Connecticut, which he joined in December 2004. Prior to SkyWorks, Mr. Chapman joined Regiment Capital Advisors, an investment advisor based in Boston specializing in high yield investments, which he joined in January 2003. Prior to Regiment, Mr. Chapman was a capital markets and strategic planning consultant and worked with

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private and public companies as well as hedge funds (including Regiment) across a range of industries. Mr. Chapman was affiliated with The Renco Group, Inc. from December 1996 to December 2001. Presently, Mr. Chapman serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Tembec Inc. and Tower International, Inc., as well as a number of private companies. Mr. Chapman received an MBA with distinction from Dartmouth College and was elected as an Edward Tuck Scholar. He received his BA, with distinction, magna cum laude, from Dartmouth College and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, in addition to being a Rufus Choate Scholar.

        Paul T. Dacier.    Mr. Dacier has been a Director of our company since May 27, 2010. He is also currently Executive Vice President and General Counsel of EMC Corporation (an information infrastructure technology and solutions company). He served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of EMC from February 2000 to May 2006 and joined that company in 1990 as Corporate Counsel. He was a Non-Executive Director of Genesis from November 2007 until the date of the amalgamation with AerCap International Bermuda Limited. Prior to joining EMC, Mr. Dacier was an attorney with Apollo Computer Inc. (a computer work station company) from 1984 to 1990. Mr. Dacier received a BA in history and a JD in 1983 from Marquette University. He is admitted to practice law in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the state of Wisconsin.

        Richard (Michael) Gradon.    Mr. Gradon has been a Director of our company since May 27, 2010. He is also currently a Non-Executive Director of Grosvenor Limited, Exclusive Hotels, Modern Water plc, and he is on the Board of Directors of The All England Lawn Tennis Ground PLC, The All England Lawn Tennis Club and The Wimbledon Championships. He was a Non-Executive Director of Genesis from November 2007 until the date of the amalgamation with AerCap International Bermuda Limited. He practiced law at Slaughter & May before joining the UK FTSE 100 company The Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company ("P&O") where he was a main Board Director from 1998 until its takeover in 2006. His roles at P&O included the group commercial & legal director function and he served as Chairman of P&O's property division. In addition Mr. Gradon served as Chairman of La Manga Club, Spain, and Chief Executive Officer of the London Gateway projects. Mr. Gradon holds an MA degree in law from Cambridge University.

        Marius J.L. Jonkhart.    Mr. Jonkhart has been a Director of our company since July 26, 2006. He is currently also a member of the Supervisory Boards of Ecorys Holding, Orco Banking Group and Tata Steel Nederland. Mr. Jonkhart is an independent financial consultant for various companies. He was previously the Chief Executive Officer of De Nationale Investeringsbank (NIBC) and the Chief Executive Officer of NOB Holding. He also served as the Director of monetary affairs of the Dutch Ministry of finance. In addition, he has been a professor of finance at Erasmus University Rotterdam. He has served as a member of a number of supervisory boards, including the Supervisory Boards of BAWAG PSK Bank, Staatsbosbeheer, Connexxion Holding, European Investment Bank, Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten, Postbank, NPM Capital, Kema, AM Holding and De Nederlandsche Bank, He has also served as a non-executive director of Aozora Bank, Chairman of the Investment Board of ABP Pension Fund and several other funds. Mr. Jonkhart holds a Master's degree in Business Administration, a Master's degree in Business Economics and a PhD in Economics from Erasmus University Rotterdam.

        Robert G. (Bob) Warden.    Mr. Warden has been a Director of our company since July 26, 2006. He is also currently a Partner at Pamplona Capital Management, a private equity investment firm, which he joined in August 2012. Prior to joining Pamplona, Mr. Warden was Managing Director at Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. from February 2003 to August 2012, a Vice President at J.H. Whitney from May 2000 to February 2003, a Principal at Cornerstone Equity Investors LLC from July 1998 to May 2000 and an Associate at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette from July 1995 to July 1998. Mr. Warden received his AB from Brown University.

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Conditional Appointment of Directors

        In connection with the ILFC Transaction and pursuant to the acquisition agreement, related thereto, we proposed, and the shareholders approved at the February 13, 2014, EGM, to appoint to the Board of Directors two non-executive directors nominated by AIG, Mr. Robert H. Benmosche and Mr. David L. Herzog, subject to and with effect from the consummation of the ILFC Transaction.

Officers

        Keith Helming.    Mr. Helming assumed the position of Chief Financial Officer of AerCap in 2006. Prior to joining us, he was a long standing executive at GE Capital Corporation, including serving for five years as Chief Financial Officer at aircraft lessor GECAS. He was with General Electric Company for over 25 years, beginning with their Financial Management Program in 1981. In addition to the GECAS role, Mr. Helming served as the Chief Financial Officer of GE Corporate Financial Services, GE Fleet Services and GE Consumer Finance in the United Kingdom, and also held a variety of other financial positions throughout his career at GECC. Mr. Helming holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance from Indiana University.

        Wouter (Erwin) den Dikken.    Mr. den Dikken was appointed as our Chief Operating Officer in 2010 in addition to his role as Chief Legal Officer to which role he was appointed in 2005. Mr. den Dikken also previously served as the Chief Executive Officer of our Irish operations. He joined our legal department in 1998. Prior to joining us, Mr. den Dikken worked for an international packaging company in Germany as Senior Legal Counsel where he focused on mergers and acquisitions. Mr. den Dikken holds a law degree from Utrecht University.

        Tom Kelly.    Mr. Kelly was appointed Chief Executive Officer of AerCap Ireland in 2010. Mr. Kelly previously served as Chief Financial Officer of our Irish operations and has a substantial aircraft leasing and financial services background. Previously, Mr. Kelly spent ten years with GECAS where his last roles were as Chief Financial Officer and director of GECAS Limited, GECAS's Irish operation. Mr. Kelly also served as global controller for GECAS in his role as Senior Vice President & Controller. Prior to joining GECAS in 1997, Mr. Kelly spent over eight years with KPMG in their London office, acting as a Senior Manager in their financial services practice. Mr. Kelly is a Chartered Accountant and holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from University College Dublin.

        Edward (Ted) O'Byrne.    Mr. O'Byrne has been appointed Chief Investment Officer in January 2011. Previously he held the position of Head of Portfolio Management overseeing aircraft trading, OEM relationships and portfolio management activities. Mr. O'Byrne joined AerCap in July 2007 as Vice President of Portfolio Management and Trading. Prior to joining AerCap, he worked as Airline Marketing Manager at Airbus North America and later as Director, Sales Contracts for Airbus Leasing Markets in Toulouse, France. Mr. O'Byrne received his MBA from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and his BA from EuroMed in France.

        Paul Rofe.    Mr. Rofe was appointed Group Treasurer of AerCap in January 2008, previously serving in the role of Vice President Corporate Group Treasury, since joining the company in September of 2006. He began his career in the aviation leasing and financing business with a Kleinwort Benson subsidiary in 1995, and then moved to BAE Systems for seven years, where he held the positions of Director Asset Management and General Manager—Portfolio Management. Mr. Rofe qualified as an accountant in 1986 in the United Kingdom.

        Joe Venuto.    Mr. Venuto was appointed Chief Technical Officer of AerCap in February 2012. He previously served in the role of Senior Vice President Operations for the Americas at AerCap for four years. From 2004 to 2008, he was the Senior Vice President Operations at AeroTurbine responsible for all technical related issues. Prior to joining AeroTurbine, Joe Venuto held the role of Senior Director Maintenance at several airlines including Trump Shuttle, Laker Airways and Amerijet International. He

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has over 30 years' experience in the aviation industry and he commenced his aviation career as an Airplane & Powerplant technician for Eastern Airlines. Joe Venuto is a graduate of the College of Aeronautics and a licensed FAA Airframe and Powerplant Technician.

        Kenneth Wigmore.    Mr. Wigmore was appointed Chief Marketing Officer for AerCap in September 2011. Previously he held the position of Head of Marketing for the Americas, overseeing customer relationships in North and South America since January 2008. Mr. Wigmore joined AerCap in April 2003 as Vice President Airline Marketing. Prior to joining AerCap, he worked as an Airline Analyst and later as Sales Director—China over a nine-year period with the aircraft manufacturer Fairchild Dornier. Mr.Wigmore holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Mount Saint Mary's University in Maryland.

Compensation of Non-Employee Directors

        We currently pay each Non-Executive Director an annual fee of €95,000 (€200,000 for the Chairman of our Board of Directors and €115,000 for the Vice Chairman) and pay each of these directors an additional €4,000 per meeting attended in person or €1,000 per meeting attended by phone. In addition, we pay the chair of the Audit Committee an annual fee of €25,000 and each committee member will receive an annual fee of €15,000 and a fee of €4,000 per committee meeting attended in person or €1,000 per committee meeting attended by phone. We further pay the non-executive chair of each of the Nomination and Compensation Committee, the Group Treasury and Accounting Committee and the Group Portfolio and Investment Committee an annual fee of €15,000 and each committee member will receive an annual fee of €10,000 and a fee of €4,000 per committee meeting attended in person or €1,000 per committee meeting attended by phone. In addition our Non-Executive Directors receive an annual equity award, as provided for in AerCap's remuneration policy for members of the Board of Directors and in accordance with the terms of AerCap's equity incentive plan as approved by the general meeting of shareholders on October 31, 2006. As per December 31, 2013, our Non-Executive Directors hold options to acquire a total of 44,050 shares in AerCap and 7,085 restricted share units, which equity awards have been granted under this plan to our Non-Executive Directors, as further specified below in this report. All members of the Board of Directors are reimbursed for reasonable costs and expenses incurred in attending meetings of our Board of Directors.

Officer Compensation

        In 2013, we paid an aggregate of approximately $8.7 million in cash (base salary and bonuses) and benefits as compensation to our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, our Chief Operating Officer and the other Officers during the year, including $0.5 million as part of their retirement and pension plan.

        The compensation packages of our officers, consisting of base salary, bonuses and, for some officers, annual grants of AER equity instruments ("Annual Equity Awards"), along with other benefits, are determined by the Nomination and Compensation Committee upon recommendation of the Chief Executive Officer on an annual basis. The annual compensation package of our Chief Executive Officer, consisting of base salary, bonus and Annual Equity Awards, along with other benefits, is determined by the Board of Directors, upon recommendation of the Nomination and Compensation Committee. In addition, the Nomination and Compensation Committee may grant AER equity incentive awards to our officers and employees (or, in the case of our Chief Executive Officer: the Board of Directors, upon recommendation of the Nomination and Compensation Committee) on a non-recurring basis ("Other Equity Awards") under our equity incentive plans, as further outlined below.

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        The amount of the annual bonus and, if applicable, the number of Annual Equity Awards granted to our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, our Chief Operating Officer and the other Officers are dependent on the target bonus level and, if applicable, the target Annual Equity Awards level, pre-established for the individual Officers and the Chief Executive Officer by the Nomination and Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors, respectively, in combination with our actual performance relative to our internal budget for the past financial year, as approved by the Board of Directors each year, and the personal performance of the individual Officer and the Chief Executive Officer, respectively. The annual bonuses are paid in arrears. Actual bonuses will not exceed target bonus levels as long as our budget for the relevant year has not been met, subject to exceptions which, if so, will be disclosed in this annual report. As a matter of policy, actual bonuses will be determined below target level in years that our budget is not met, unless specific circumstances require otherwise. The Annual Equity Awards are granted in arrears. The Annual Equity Awards are time-based with a three-year vesting period, subject to limited exceptions.

        The Other Equity Awards granted to our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, our Chief Operating Officer and the other Officers under AerCap's equity incentive plans are subject to vesting criteria related to our performance relative to our internal budget or multiple-year planning, as approved by the Board of Directors each year. However, the stock options granted in December 2008, which have all meanwhile vested, were solely subject to time-based vesting criteria in view of the unpredictable global economic situation at the time of granting those particular option awards.

        The Other Equity Awards granted to our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, our Chief Operating Officer and the other Officers during 2011, 2012 and 2013 are subject to vesting criteria related to our average performance over a number of years in order to promote and encourage good performance over a prolonged period of time, except one equity award to one Officer not being our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer or our Chief Operating Officer, which equity award is only subject to time based vesting criteria. All equity awards contain change of control provisions causing immediate vesting of all equity awards, to the extent not yet forfeited, in case of a change of control as defined in the respective equity award agreements as per customary practice.

        Severance payments are part of the employment agreements with our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and our Chief Operating Officer. The amount of the pre-agreed severance is based upon calculations in accordance with the so-called cantonal court termination formula (Kantonrechtersformule) applicable at the time that the employment agreement was entered into or renewed, as the case may be, as customarily applied in the Netherlands labor practice.

AerCap Equity Incentive Plans

        In October 2006, we implemented an equity incentive plan that is designed to promote our interests by enabling us to attract, retain and motivate directors, officers, employees, consultants and advisors and align their interests with ours ("Equity Incentive Plan 2006"). The Equity Incentive Plan 2006 provides for the grant of nonqualified share options, incentive share options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units and other share awards ("NV Equity Grants") to participants of the plan selected by the Nomination and Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. Subject to certain adjustments, the maximum number of equity awards available to be granted under the plan is equivalent to 4,251,848 Company shares.

        In March 2012, we implemented an additional equity incentive plan ("Equity Incentive Plan 2012") that is designed to promote our interests by enabling us to attract, retain and motivate officers, employees, consultants and advisors, or those who may become employees, consultants or advisors, and align their interests with ours. The Equity Incentive Plan 2012 provides for the grant of stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock awards to participants of the plan selected by the Nomination and Compensation Committee of

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our Board of Directors. Subject to certain adjustments, the maximum number of equity awards initially available to be granted under the plan was equivalent to 2,000,000 of our shares. Unlike the Equity Incentive Plan 2006, the Equity Incentive Plan 2012 is not open for equity awards to our Directors.

        The terms and conditions, including the vesting conditions, of the equity awards granted under AerCap's equity incentive plans, are determined by the Nomination and Compensation Committee and, for our Directors, by the Board of Directors in line with the remuneration policy approved by the General Meeting of Shareholders. Equity awards granted to our officers are partly subject to long term performance-based vesting criteria with challenging targets in order to promote and encourage superior performance over a prolonged period of time. Some of our officers receive annual equity awards as part of their compensation package. Annual equity awards are granted in arrears and the number of granted awards is dependent on the performance of AerCap and the individual involved during the previous financial year, to ensure that AerCap retains and motivates its senior staff. The annual equity awards have a three-year time-based vesting period, subject to limited exceptions. Equity awards to our other employees (below officer level) are, at a minimum, subject to time-based vesting criteria.

        At December 31, 2013, a total of 1,162,500 share options were outstanding at an exercise price of $24.63 per share, 350,000 share options were outstanding at an exercise price of $2.95 per share, 21,287 share options were outstanding at an exercise price of $14.12 per share, 23,662 share options were outstanding at an exercise price of $11.29 per share and 19,833 share options were outstanding at an exercise price of $13.72 per share. At December 31, 2013, 1,512,500 outstanding options were vested (excluding 131,475 remaining AER options rolled-over from Genesis) and 64,782 options were subject to future vesting criteria. At December 31, a total of 2,502,661 restricted share units and 139,920 restricted shares were outstanding and were all subject to future time and/or performance-based vesting criteria or restrictions, as applicable.

        In February 2014, the General Meeting of Shareholders approved a new equity incentive plan for the directors, officers and employees of AerCap (the "Equity Incentive Plan 2014") with a capacity of 4,500,000 shares, as replacement for the Equity Incentive Plan 2006, subject to and with effect from the closing effective time of the ILFC Transaction. The purpose of the Equity Incentive Plan 2014 is to retain senior management to successfully implement the ILFC Transaction and for general compensation and retention purposes in the years ahead. The terms and conditions of the Equity Incentive Plan 2014 are substantially the same as those of the Equity Incentive Plan 2006. Furthermore, on March 13, 2014, our Board of Directors adjusted the Equity Incentive Plan 2012 for the officers and employees of AerCap, to include an additional 6,064,081 shares, subject to and with effect from the closing effective time of the ILFC Transaction.

Board Practices

General

        Our Board of Directors currently consists of nine directors, eight of whom are non-executive.

        As a foreign private issuer, as defined by the Exchange Act, we are not required to have a majority independent Board of Directors under applicable NYSE rules. Our Board of Directors meets The Netherlands Corporate Governance Code independence requirements. For a Non-Executive Director to be considered "independent", he or she (and his or her spouse and immediate relatives) may not, among other things, (i) in the five years prior to his or her appointment, have been an employee or executive director of us or any Dutch public company affiliated with us, (ii) in the year prior to his or her appointment, have had an important business relationship with us or any Netherlands public company affiliated with us, (iii) receive any financial compensation from us other than for the performance of his or her duties as a director or other than in the ordinary course of business, (iv) hold 10% or more of our ordinary shares (including ordinary shares subject to any shareholder's agreement), (v) be a member of the management or supervisory board of a company owning 10% or

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more of our ordinary shares, and (vi) in the year prior to his or her appointment, have temporarily managed our day-to-day affairs while the executive director was unable to discharge his or her duties.

        The directors are appointed by the general meeting of the shareholders. Our directors may be appointed by the vote of a majority of votes cast at a general meeting of shareholders provided that our Board of Directors has proposed the appointment. Without a Board of Directors proposal, directors may also be appointed by the vote of a majority of the votes cast at a general meeting of shareholders if the majority represents at least one-third of our issued capital.

        Shareholders may remove or suspend a director by the vote of a majority of the votes cast at a general meeting of shareholders provided that our Board of Directors has proposed the removal. Our shareholders may also remove or suspend a director, without there being a proposal by the Board of Directors, by the vote of a majority of the votes cast at a general meeting of shareholders if the majority represents at least one-third of our issued capital.

        Under our Articles of Association, the rules for the Board of Directors and the board committees and Netherlands corporate law, the members of the Board of Directors are collectively responsible for the management, general and financial affairs and policy and strategy of our company.

        The executive director is our Chief Executive Officer, who is primarily responsible for managing our day-to-day affairs as well as other responsibilities that have been delegated to the executive director in accordance with our Articles of Association and our internal rules for the Board of Directors. The Non-Executive Directors supervise the Chief Executive Officer and our general affairs and provide general advice to our Chief Executive Officer. In performing their duties, the Non-Executive Directors are guided by the interests of the company and shall, within the boundaries set by relevant Netherlands law, take into account the relevant interests of our shareholders and other stakeholders in AerCap. The internal affairs of the Board of Directors are governed by our rules for the Board of Directors.

        The Chairman of the Board is obligated to ensure, among other things, that (i) each director receives all information about matters that he or she may deem useful or necessary in connection with the proper performance of his or her duties, (ii) each director has sufficient time for consultation and decision making, and (iii) the Board of Directors and the board committees are properly constituted and functioning.

        Each director has the right to cast one vote and may be represented at a meeting of the Board of Directors by a fellow director. The Board of Directors may pass resolutions only if a quorum of four directors, including our Chief Executive Officer and the Chairman, or, in his absence, the Vice Chairman, are present at the meeting. All resolutions must be passed by an absolute majority of the votes cast. If there is a tie, the matter will be decided by the Chairman of our Board of Directors, or in his absence, the Vice Chairman.

        In 2013, the Board of Directors met on 13 occasions. Throughout the year, the Chairman of the Board and individual Non-Executive Directors were in close contact with our Chief Executive Officer and also with our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer. During its meetings and contacts with the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, the Board discussed such topics as AerCap's annual reports and annual accounts for the financial year 2012, AerCap's liquidity position and funding sources, AerCap's hedging policies, topics for the AGM 2013, optimization of AerCap's portfolio of aircraft including the purchase and leaseback transaction with LATAM, the ILFC Transaction, macroeconomic and monetary developments in the world and in Europe in particular industry developments, reports from the various Board committees, shareholder value, the budget for 2014, remuneration and compensation, Board rotation, governance and risk management and control, including but not limited to compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

        Subject to Netherlands law, resolutions may be passed in writing by a majority of the directors in office. Pursuant to the internal rules for our Board of Directors, a director may not participate in

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discussions or the decision making process on a transaction or subject in relation to which he or she has a conflict of interest with us. Resolutions to enter into such transactions must be approved by a majority of our Board of Directors, excluding such interested director or directors.

Committees of the Board of Directors

        As described above, the Chief Executive Officer is primarily responsible for managing our day-to-day affairs as well as other duties that have been delegated to the executive director in accordance with our Articles of Association and our internal rules for the Board of Directors. The Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer assist the Chief Executive Officer in performing his duties and as such have managerial and policy making functions within the company in their respective areas of responsibility. The Board of Directors has established a Group Executive Committee, a Group Portfolio and Investment Committee, a Group Treasury and Accounting Committee, an Audit Committee and a Nomination and Compensation Committee.

        Our Group Executive Committee assists the Chief Executive Officer with regards to the operational management of the company, subject to the Chief Executive Officer's ultimate responsibility. It is chaired by our Chief Executive Officer and is comprised of up to eight current members of our senior management. The current members of our Group Executive Committee are Mr. A. Kelly, Mr. Helming, Mr. den Dikken, Mr. O'Byrne, Mr. T. Kelly, Mr. Rofe, Mr. Wigmore and Mr. Venuto.

        Our Group Portfolio and Investment Committee is entrusted with the authority to consent to transactions relating to the acquisition and disposal of aircraft, engines and financial assets that are in excess of $100 million but less than $500 million, among others. It is chaired by our Chief Financial Officer and is comprised of members of the Group Executive Committee and Non-Executive Directors or any other person appointed by the Board of Directors upon recommendation of the Nomination and Compensation Committee. The current members of our Group Portfolio and Investment Committee are Mr. Helming, Mr. A. Kelly, Mr. Warden, Mr. Chapman and Mr. Noaimi.

        Our Group Treasury and Accounting Committee is entrusted with the authority to consent to debt funding in excess of $100 million but not exceeding $500 million per transaction, among others. It is chaired by our Chief Financial Officer and is comprised of certain members of the Group Executive Committee and certain Non-Executive Directors or any other person appointed by the Board of Directors upon recommendation of the Nomination and Compensation Committee. The current members of our Group Treasury and Accounting Committee are Mr. Helming, Mr. A. Kelly, Mr. Rofe, Mr. T. Kelly, Mr. Jonkhart, Mr. Warden and Mr. Al Noaimi.

        Our Audit Committee assists the Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibilities relating to the integrity of our financial statements, our risk management and internal control arrangements, our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the performance, qualifications and independence of external auditors, and the performance of the internal audit function, among others. The Audit Committee is chaired by a person with the necessary qualifications who is appointed by the Board of Directors and is comprised of three Non-Executive Directors who are "independent" as defined by Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, as well as under The Netherlands Corporate Governance Code. The current members of our Audit Committee are Mr. Chapman, Mr. Jonkhart and Mr. Gradon. The Chair of the Audit Committee is Mr. Chapman.

        Our Nomination and Compensation Committee selects and recruits candidates for the positions of Chief Executive Officer, Non-Executive Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors and recommends their remuneration, bonuses and other terms of employment or engagement to the Board of Directors. In addition our Nomination and Compensation Committee approves the remuneration, bonuses and other terms of employment and recommends candidates for positions in the Group Portfolio and Investment Committee, the Group Treasury and Accounting Committee, the Group

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Executive Committee and recommends candidates for the Audit Committee and plans the succession within the Board of Directors and committees. It is chaired by the Chairman of our Board of Directors and is further comprised of up to three Non-Executive Directors appointed by the Board of Directors. The current members of our Nomination and Compensation Committee are Mr. Warden, Mr. Al Noaimi, Mr. Dacier and Mr. Korteweg.

Nomination and Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

        None of our Nomination and Compensation Committee members or our executive officers have a relationship that would constitute an interlocking relationship with executive officers or directors of another entity or insider participation in compensation decisions.

Employees

        The table below provides the number of our employees at each of our principal geographical locations as of the dates indicated.

Location
  December 31,
2011
  December 31,
2012
  December 31,
2013
 

Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    74     77     79  

Shannon, Ireland

    54     54     55  

Fort Lauderdale, FL

    15     17     16  

Other(1)

    10     11     13  
               

Total

    153     159     163  
               
               

(1)
We also lease small offices in the United States, Shanghai (China), the United Arab Emirates and Singapore.

        None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement and we believe that we maintain excellent employee relations. Although by law we may be required to have a works council for our operations in The Netherlands, our employees have not elected to date to organize a works council. A works council is an employee organization that is granted statutory rights to be involved in certain of the company's decision-making processes. The exercise of such rights, however, must not only promote the interests of employees, but also take into account the interests of the company and its stakeholders.

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Share ownership

        The following table sets forth beneficial ownership of our shares which are held by our Directors and our Officers as of December 31, 2013:

 
  Ordinary
shares
underlying
options(1)
  Restricted
share
units(2)
  Ordinary
shares
acquired
through
open
market
purchases
  Fully Diluted
Ownership
Percentage(3)
 

Directors:

                      *  

Salem Al Noaimi

    3,954     852         *  

Homaid Al Shemmari

                *  

James N. Chapman

    5,728     852     19,015     *  

Paul T. Dacier

    5,728     1,031     10,10 *   *  

Michael Gradon

    5,728     852     2,609     *  

Aengus Kelly(4) (CEO)

    625,000     890,006     297,690     1.6 %

Pieter Korteweg

    11,456     1,794     27,230     *  

Marius J. L. Jonkhart

    5,728     852     20,555     *  

Robert G. Warden

    5,728     852         *  

Total

    669,050     897,097     377,208        

Reporting Officers:

                         

Keith A. Helming (CFO)

    375,000     245,210     243,461     *  

Wouter M. (Erwin) den Dikken (COO)

    287,500     247,455     173,013     *