SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2007
COMMISSION FILE NO. 1-8597
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 94-2657368 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
6140 Stoneridge Mall Road, Suite 590 Pleasanton, California | 94588 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
925-460-3600
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered | |
Common Stock, $.10 par value, and associated rights |
New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one).
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
On November 30, 2007, there were 44,645,448 shares of the registrants common stock held by non-affiliates with aggregate market value of $2.3 billion on April 30, 2007, the last day of the registrants most recently completed fiscal second quarter.
Number of shares outstanding of the registrants common stock, as of November 30, 2007: 44,938,632
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
Document |
Part of Form 10-K | |
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held March 18, 2008 | Part III |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2007
Table of Contents
PART I |
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Item 1. | 5 | |||
Item 1A. | 18 | |||
Item 1B. | 32 | |||
Item 2. | 33 | |||
Item 3. | 34 | |||
Item 4. | 36 | |||
PART II |
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Item 5. | Market for Registrants Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters |
37 | ||
Item 6. | 40 | |||
Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
41 | ||
Item 7A. | 60 | |||
Item 8. | 61 | |||
Item 9. | Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |
115 | ||
Item 9A. | 115 | |||
Item 9B. | 116 | |||
PART III |
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Item 10. | 117 | |||
Item 11. | 117 | |||
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
117 | ||
Item 13. | 117 | |||
Item 14. | 117 | |||
PART IV |
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Item 15. | 118 |
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PART I
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements as defined by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These include statements relating to plans, prospects, goals, strategies, future actions, events or performance and other statements which are other than statements of historical fact. In addition, all statements regarding anticipated growth in our revenue, anticipated market conditions, planned product launches and expected results of operations and integration of any acquisition (including the Ocular business) are forward-looking. To identify these statements look for words like believes, expects, may, will, should, could, seeks, intends, plans, estimates or anticipates and similar words or phrases. Forward-looking statements necessarily depend on assumptions, data or methods that may be incorrect or imprecise and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Among the factors that could cause our actual results and future actions to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements are:
| Failures to launch, or significant delays in introducing, new products, or limitations on sales following introduction due to manufacturing constraints or poor market acceptance. |
| Failures to receive or delays in receiving U.S. or foreign regulatory approvals for products. |
| Compliance costs and potential liability in connection with U.S. and foreign healthcare regulations, including product recalls, and potential losses resulting from sales of counterfeit and other infringing products. |
| The success of research and development activities and other start-up projects. |
| New competitors, product innovations or technologies. |
| Failure to develop new manufacturing processes, or delays in implementation of such processes. |
| A major disruption in the operations of our manufacturing, research and development or distribution facilities, due to technological problems, natural disasters or other causes. |
| Disruptions in supplies of raw materials, particularly components used to manufacture our silicone hydrogel lenses. |
| Legal costs, insurance expenses, settlement costs and the risk of an adverse decision or settlement related to claims involving product liability or patent protection (including risks with respect to the ultimate validity and enforceability of the Companys patent applications and patents and the possible infringement of the intellectual property of others). |
| The impact of acquisitions and divestitures on revenues, earnings and margins, including any failure by the Company to successfully integrate acquired businesses into CVI and CSI, any failure to continue to realize anticipated benefits from the Companys cost-cutting measures and risks inherent in accounting assumptions made regarding the acquisitions. |
| Changes in business, political and economic conditions, including the adverse effects of natural disasters on patients, practitioners and product distribution. |
| Interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. |
| Changes in U.S. and foreign government regulation of the retail optical industry and of the healthcare industry generally. |
| Dilution to earnings per share from acquisitions or issuing stock. |
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| Changes in tax laws or their interpretation and changes in effective tax rates, including by reason of changes in the Companys geographic profit mix. |
| Changes in the Companys expected utilization of recognized net operating loss carry forwards. |
| The requirement to provide for a significant liability or to write off a significant asset, including impaired goodwill. |
| Changes in accounting principles or estimates. |
| Disruptions or delays related to implementation of information technology systems covering the Companys businesses, or other events which could result in management having to report a material weakness in the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting in its quarterly and annual Securities and Exchange filings. |
| Environmental risks including significant environmental cleanup costs above those already accrued. |
| Other events described in our Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including the Business and Risk Factors sections in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2007, as such Risk Factors may be updated in quarterly filings. |
We caution investors that forward-looking statements reflect our analysis only on their stated date. We disclaim any intent to update them except as required by law.
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The Cooper Companies, Inc. (Cooper or the Company), a Delaware corporation organized in 1980, develops, manufactures and markets healthcare products, primarily medical devices through its two business units, CooperVision, Inc. (CVI) and CooperSurgical, Inc. (CSI).
CVI develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of contact lenses for the worldwide vision correction market. Its leading products are disposable spherical and specialty contact lenses.
CVI is a leading manufacturer of toric lenses, which correct astigmatism, multifocal lenses for presbyopia (blurring near vision due to advancing age) and spherical lenses that correct the most common visual defects. CVIs products are primarily manufactured at its facilities located in the United Kingdom, Puerto Rico, Norfolk, Virginia, and Scottsville, New York. CVI distributes products out of Rochester, New York, the United Kingdom, Liege, Belgium, and various smaller international distribution facilities.
CSI develops, manufactures and markets medical devices, diagnostic products and surgical instruments and accessories used primarily by gynecologists and obstetricians. CSIs products are primarily manufactured and distributed at its facility in Trumbull, Connecticut.
CVI and CSI each operate in highly competitive environments. Competition in the medical device industry involves the search for technological and therapeutic innovations in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Both of Coopers businesses compete primarily on the basis of product quality and differentiation, technological benefit, service and reliability.
COOPERVISION
We estimate that the worldwide soft contact lens market will grow about 9 percent (6 percent in constant currency) during calendar 2007 to about $5.2 billion annually. In the Americas, which we estimate is about 41 percent of the worldwide market, we estimate that the market will grow about 8 percent to $2.1 billion, and in Europe, which we estimate is about 29 percent of the market, we estimate that the market will grow about 11 percent (1 percent in constant currency) to $1.5 billion. We estimate that Japan and Asia Pacific countries, about $1.6 billion or 30 percent of the world market, will grow about 8 percent (10 percent in constant currency).
The contact lens market has two major segments. The spherical lens segment, which we estimate is about $3.9 billion or 74 percent of the calendar 2007 worldwide contact lens market, includes lenses that correct uncomplicated near- and farsightedness. We estimate that products recommended for one day of wear (single-use lenses) account for about 43 percent of spherical lens revenue. The specialty lens segment, which we estimate at $1.3 billion or 26% of the 2007 worldwide contact lens market, includes lenses that meet special needs of contact lens patients: toric, cosmetic and multifocal lenses. CVI offers both specialty lenses and spherical lenses.
Historically, CVI has shown strength in the specialty lens segments which include toric lenses, cosmetic lenses and multifocal lenses. With the Ocular acquisition, CVI gained a significant presence in the largest segment of the contact lens market: spherical lenses that correct the most common types of visual defects; near- and farsightedness uncomplicated by more complex visual defects.
To compete successfully in the numerous niches of the contact lens market, companies must offer differentiated products that are priced competitively and manufactured efficiently. CVI believes that it
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is the only contact lens manufacturer to use three different manufacturing processes to produce its lenses: lathing, cast molding and FIPS, a cost-effective combination of lathing and molding. This manufacturing flexibility provides CVI with competitive advantage by:
| Producing high, medium and low volumes of lenses made with a variety of materials for a broader range of market niches than competitors serve: single-use, two-week, monthly and quarterly disposable sphere and toric lenses and custom toric lenses for patients with a high degree of astigmatism. |
| Offering a wider range of lens parameters, leading to a higher successful fitting rate for practitioners and better visual acuity for patients. |
In addition, CVI believes that its lenses provide superior comfort through its use of the lens edge technology provided under the patents covered by its Edge Patent License described under Patents, Trademarks and Licensing Agreements below.
Coopers Proclear® line of spherical, multifocal and toric lenses, are manufactured with omafilcon A, a material that incorporates a proprietary phosphorylcholine (PC) Technology that helps enhance tissue-device compatibility. Proclear® lenses are the only lenses with FDA clearance for the claim may provide improved comfort for contact lens wearers who experience mild discomfort or symptoms relating to dryness during lens wear. Mild discomfort relating to dryness during lens wear is a condition that often causes patients to discontinue contact lens wear.
In many geographic markets, it is our belief that favorable demographic trends in younger cohorts, an increase in the reported incidence of myopia due in part to the recently described computer vision syndrome, lower contact lens wearer drop out rates as technology improves and a continuing shift in practitioner preferences from low-featured commodity lenses to higher-value specialty and single-use lenses support a favorable world market outlook. This includes a trend, primarily in the United States, to fitting silicone hydrogel lenses, which, as measured by their dk/t score, supply a higher level of oxygen to the cornea than traditional hydrogel lenses.
To participate in these market trends, CVI continues to leverage the January 6, 2005, acquisition of Ocular Sciences, Inc. (Ocular) that provided access to new technologies, particularly patented silicone hydrogel and single-use lens technologies, new geographic markets, particularly Japan and Germany, and higher volume manufacturing processes, particularly the Gen II manufacturing platform (Gen II).
CVI is in the process of developing sufficient manufacturing capabilities to compete in the market for silicone hydrogel lenses, which we estimate accounts for 26 percent or $1.3 billion of the worldwide contact lens market.
Contact Lens Products
CVIs core product lines include specialty lenses which are toric, cosmetic and multifocal lenses plus PC Technology brand spherical lenses, silicone hydrogel spherical lenses and single-use lenses. Worldwide, CVIs core lens revenue grew 16 percent in fiscal 2007 over fiscal 2006. Sales of CVIs toric lenses grew 8 percent in fiscal 2007 and now account for about 35 percent of its soft lens revenue. Disposable toric lenses grew 13 percent. We estimate that the worldwide toric market will grow about 16 percent in calendar 2007. CVIs PC Technology products its line of spherical, toric and multifocal products, including Biomedics XC and Proclear® 1 Day grew 33 percent in fiscal 2007.
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We estimate that the market for spherical contact lenses will grow 8 percent worldwide during calendar 2007 driven in part by the acceptance of newer silicone hydrogel lenses. We estimate that worldwide silicone hydrogel revenue will increase about 29 percent during calendar 2007, approximately two-thirds of which will be generated in the United States. CVI began marketing its Biofinity® brand of silicone hydrogel spherical contact lenses in Europe, the United States and selected markets in Asia Pacific, in fiscal 2007 and continues to develop its manufacturing capabilities to participate in this market. CVIs reported spherical revenue grew 8 percent in fiscal 2007 to $457.5 million. Single-use sphere revenue grew 29 percent in fiscal 2007 and now represents 14 percent of CVIs soft lens revenue.
In addition to growing Biofinity® manufacturing capacity, capabilities and sales, CVI continues to compete against silicone hydrogel products with its PC Technology and single-use products, and with traditional hydrogel products utilizing advanced design technologies.
CVI Fiscal 2007 Revenue Growth by Geographic Market
CVIs worldwide revenue grew 8 percent in fiscal 2007 over fiscal 2006 with the Americas region up 2 percent and now representing 45 percent of its fiscal 2007 worldwide revenue; Europe up 12 percent and representing 39 percent of CVIs fiscal 2007 worldwide revenue and the Asia Pacific region up 18 percent and representing 16 percent of CVIs fiscal 2007 worldwide revenue.
Americas
Americas revenue growth slowed due to the market shift to silicone hydrogel lenses and a one percent decline in toric revenue in fiscal 2007 over fiscal 2006. Overall revenue growth was driven by sales of single-use spherical lenses, which grew 143 percent and multifocal lenses, which grew 26 percent. Biofinity® lens sales were $2.5 million in fiscal 2007.
Europe
European revenue growth was driven by sales of toric lenses, which grew 18 percent in fiscal 2007 over fiscal 2006, single-use lenses, which grew 25 percent and multifocal lenses, which grew 19 percent. CVI estimates that it is the second largest contact lens supplier in Europe, with direct business units in France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Asia Pacific
Japan is the second largest contact lens market in the world after the United States, and soft lens popularity continues to grow. CVI estimates that the total market for soft contact lenses in Japan and Asia Pacific countries today is about $1.6 billion, compared to an estimated $2.1 billion in the Americas. The Japanese market is largely made up of single-use lenses, which we estimate represents about 56 percent of the market.
We believe that the incidence of nearsightedness in Japan is one of the highest in the world and based on our experience about half of those with astigmatism are potential candidates for toric lenses. We expect that the Japanese toric segment, currently a smaller percentage of the total market than it is in the United States, will grow rapidly as newer generations of toric lenses are introduced.
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Asia Pacific revenue growth was driven by sales of single-use sphere and toric products, which grew 28 percent in fiscal 2007 over fiscal 2006 and represented 59 percent of CVIs sales in the region.
CVI Competition
The contact lens market is highly competitive. CVIs three largest competitors in the worldwide market and its primary competitors in the spherical lens market are Johnson & Johnsons Vistakon division (Vistakon), CIBA Vision (owned by Novartis AG) and Bausch & Lomb Incorporated.
Recent trends in the spherical lens market include a shift towards silicone hydrogel lenses, primarily in the United States, and toward single-use lenses. CVIs primary competitors currently control almost all of the silicone hydrogel market as CVI continues to develop its silicone hydrogel manufacturing capabilities.
In the specialty lens market, CVIs primary toric competitors are Bausch & Lomb and Vistakon. Toric lens manufacturers compete to provide the highest possible level of visual acuity and patient satisfaction by offering a wide range of lens parameters, superior wearing comfort and a high level of customer service, both for patients and contact lens practitioners. CVI believes that its three manufacturing processes yield a wider range of toric lens parameters than its competitors, providing greater choices for patient and practitioner and better visual acuity, and that it offers superior customer services, including high standards of on-time product delivery. However, there is a developing trend in the U.S. toric lens market toward silicone hydrogel products. CVI has not launched a silicone hydrogel toric product and does not expect to do so until late calendar 2008.
CVIs major competitors have greater financial resources and larger research and development budgets and sales forces. Nevertheless, CVI offers a high level of customer service through its direct sales organizations around the world and through telephone sales and technical service representatives who consult with eye care professionals about the use of the Companys lens products. CVI believes that its sales force is particularly well equipped through extensive training to meet the needs of contact lens practitioners and their customers.
CVI also competes with manufacturers of eyeglasses and with refractive surgical procedures that correct visual defects. CVI believes that it will continue to compete favorably against eyeglasses, particularly in markets where the penetration of contact lenses in the vision correction market is low, offering lens manufacturers an opportunity to gain market share. CVI also believes that laser vision correction is not a material threat to its sales of contact lenses because each modality serves a different age group. CVI believes that almost all new contact lens wearers are in their teens or twenties, while refractive surgery patients are typically in their late thirties or early forties when their vision has stabilized.
COOPERSURGICAL
Since its beginning in 1990, CSI has successfully established a leading position among companies providing medical device products to the obstetrics and gynecology medical specialty. Historically, many small medical device companies have supplied the womens healthcare market with a wide range of products through a fragmented distribution system. CSIs strategy has been and continues to be to identify and acquire selected smaller companies and product lines that will improve its existing market position or serve new clinical areas. CSI has grown to over $150 million in revenue through a series of more than 25 acquisitions. During the past five years, CSIs revenue grew at a compounded rate of 17
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percent with double-digit operating margins and minimal capital expenditure requirements. Coopers strong cash flow allows CSI to readily compete for available opportunities in both the office and hospital markets.
Market for Womens Healthcare
Based on U.S. Census estimates, CSI expects patient visits to United States obstetricians and gynecologists (Ob/Gyns) to increase over the next decade. Driving this growth is a large group of women of childbearing age and a rapidly growing middle-aged population with emerging gynecologic concerns. Consistent with an aging population, menopausal problems abnormal bleeding, incontinence and osteoporosis are expected to increase, while pregnancy, contraceptive management and general examinations are expected to remain relatively stable. The trend toward delaying the age of childbearing to the mid-thirties and beyond will likely drive increasing treatment for infertility.
While general medical practitioners play an important role in womens primary care, the Ob/Gyn specialist is the primary market for associated medical devices.
Some significant features of this market are:
| Patient visits are for annual checkups, cancer screening, menstrual disorders, vaginitis (inflammation of vaginal tissue), treatment of abnormal Pap smears, osteoporosis (reduction in bone mass), the management of menopause, pregnancy and reproductive management. |
| Osteoporosis and incontinence have become frequent diagnoses as the female population ages. Early identification and treatment of these conditions will both improve womens health and help reduce overall costs of treatment. |
| Sterilization is a frequently performed surgical procedure. |
| Ob/Gyns traditionally provide the initial evaluation for women and their partners who seek infertility assistance. Ovulatory drugs and intrauterine insemination (IUI) are common treatments of these cases along with embryo transfer procedures. |
CSIs 2007 Revenue Growth
During 2007, CSI revenue grew 24 percent to $154.8 million, representing 16 percent of Coopers revenue. Its operating margin was 13 percent for the fiscal year, including a $7.2 million or 5 percent charge for acquired in-process research and development, compared to last years 12 percent operating margin that included a $7.5 million or 6% charge for acquired in-process research and development.
CSI Competition
CSI focuses on selected segments of the womens healthcare market, supplying high quality diagnostic products and surgical instruments and accessories. In some instances, CSI offers all of the items needed for a complete procedure. The market segments in which CSI competes remains fragmented, typified by smaller technology-driven firms that generally offer only one or two product lines. Most are privately owned or divisions of public companies including some owned by companies with greater financial resources than Cooper.
Competitive factors in these segments include technological and scientific advances, product quality, price, customer service and effective communication of product information to physicians and
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hospitals. CSI believes that it competes successfully against these companies with its superior sales and marketing, the technological advantages of its products and by developing and acquiring new products, including those used in new medical procedures. As CSI expands its product line, it also offers to train medical professionals in the appropriate use of its products.
CSI is expanding its presence in the significantly larger hospital and outpatient surgical procedure market. This market is dominated by larger competitors such as Johnson & Johnsons Ethicon Endo-Surgery and Ethicon Womens Health and Urology companies, Boston Scientific, Gyrus and ACMI. These competitors have well established positions within the operating room environment. CSI believes its relationship with gynecologic surgeons and focus on devices specific to gynecology surgery will facilitate in its successful expansion within the surgical market.
PROFILES OF RECENT ACQUISITIONS
Wallach Surgical Devices, Inc.
On February 22, 2007, CSI acquired all of the outstanding shares of Wallach for $20.0 million in cash. Wallachs products consist of various diagnostic and therapeutic medical instruments primarily for in-office use in womens healthcare and other specialty instruments relating to dermatology, ophthalmology, anesthesiology, dentistry and veterinary medicine.
Lone Star Medical Products, Inc.
On November 2, 2006, CSI acquired all of the outstanding shares of Lone Star for $27.2 million in cash. Lone Star is a manufacturer of medical devices that improve the management of the surgical site, most notably the Lone Star Retractor System, which places a retraction ring around the surgical incision providing greater exposure of the surgical field. While this system is used in a wide variety of surgical procedures, gynecological surgery represents 40% of its use and urology 30%.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Cooper employs 124 people in its research and development and manufacturing engineering departments, primarily in CVI. External specialists in lens design, formulation science, polymer chemistry, microbiology and biochemistry support product development and clinical research for CVI products. CVIs research and development activities include programs to develop silicone hydrogel products, product lines utilizing PC Technology and expansion of single-use product lines. CSI conducts research and development in-house and also employs external surgical specialists, including members of its surgical advisory board. CSIs fiscal 2007 research and development activities were for newly acquired laparoscopic surgical devices and upgrading and redesign of many CSI osteoporoses, in-vitro fertilization, incontinence and assisted reproductive technology products and other obstetrical and gynecological product development activities.
Cooper-sponsored research and development expenditures during the fiscal years ended October 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were $32.7 million, $27 million and $22.9 million, net of acquired in-process research and development of $7.2 million, $7.5 million and $20.0 million, respectively. Net research and development expenditures represented 3% of net sales in each fiscal year. During fiscal 2007, CVI represented 84% and CSI represented 16% of the total expenditures, net of acquired in-process research and development. We did not participate in any customer-sponsored research and development programs.
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GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Medical Device Regulation
Our products are medical devices subject to extensive regulation by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and other regulatory bodies abroad. FDA regulations govern, among other things, medical device design and development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, premarket clearance or approval, advertising and promotion, and sales and distribution. Unless an exemption applies, each medical device we wish to commercially distribute in the United States will require either prior 510(k) clearance or prior premarket approval (PMA) from the FDA. A majority of the medical devices we currently market have received FDA clearance through the 510(k) process or approval through the PMA process. Because we cannot be assured that any new products we develop, or any product enhancements, will be subject to the shorter 510(k) clearance process, significant delays in the introduction of any new products or product enhancements may occur. For example, to qualify our new silicone hydrogel contact lens products for extended wear use, we believe that more extensive premarket testing and approval would be required.
Device Classification
The FDA classifies medical devices into one of three classes Class I, II, or III depending on the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of control needed to ensure its safety and effectiveness. Both CVI and CSI develop and market medical devices under different levels of FDA regulation depending on the classification of the device. Class III devices, such as flexible and extended wear contact lenses, require extensive premarket testing and approval, while Class I and II devices require substantially lower levels of regulation.
Class I devices are those for which safety and effectiveness can be assured by adherence to the FDAs general regulatory controls for medical devices, which include compliance with the applicable portions of the FDAs Quality System Regulation, facility registration and product listing, reporting of adverse medical events, and appropriate, truthful and non-misleading labeling, advertising, and promotional materials (General Controls). Some Class I devices also require premarket clearance by the FDA through the 510(k) premarket notification process described below.
Class II devices are subject to the FDAs General Controls, and any other special controls as deemed necessary by the FDA to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device. Premarket review and clearance by the FDA for Class II devices is accomplished through the 510(k) premarket notification procedure. Pursuant to the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002 (MDUFMA), as of October 2002 unless a specific exemption applies, 510(k) premarket notification submissions are subject to user fees. Certain Class II devices are exempt from this premarket review process.
Class III devices are those devices which have a new intended use, or use advanced technology that is not substantially equivalent to that of a legally marketed device. The safety and effectiveness of Class III devices cannot be assured solely by the General Controls and the other requirements described above. These devices almost always require formal clinical studies to demonstrate safety and effectiveness and must be approved through the premarket approval process described below. Premarket approval applications (and supplemental premarket approval applications) are subject to significantly higher user fees under MDUFMA than are 510(k) premarket notifications.
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510(k) Clearance Pathway
When we are required to obtain a 510(k) clearance for a device that we wish to market, we must submit a premarket notification to the FDA demonstrating that the device is substantially equivalent to a previously cleared 510(k) device or a device that was in commercial distribution before May 28, 1976, for which the FDA has not yet called for the submission of premarket approval applications. By regulation, the FDA is required to respond to a 510(k) premarket notification within 90 days of submission of the notification. As a practical matter, clearance can take significantly longer. If the FDA determines that the device, or its intended use, is not substantially equivalent to a previously-cleared device or use, the FDA will place the device, or the particular use of the device, into Class III.
After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that changes its intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or could require premarket approval. The FDA requires each manufacturer to make this determination initially, but the FDA can review any such decision and can disagree with a manufacturers determination. If the FDA disagrees with a manufacturers determination that a new clearance or approval is not required for a particular modification, the FDA can require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or recall the modified device until 510(k) clearance or premarket approval is obtained. Also, in these circumstances, we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties. We have made and plan to continue to make additional product enhancements and modifications to our devices that we believe do not require new 510(k) clearances.
Premarket Approval Pathway
A PMA application must be submitted if the device cannot be cleared through the 510(k) premarket notification procedures. The PMA process is much more demanding than the 510(k) premarket notification process. A PMA application must be supported by extensive data including, but not limited to, technical, preclinical, clinical trials, manufacturing and labeling to demonstrate to the FDAs satisfaction the safety and effectiveness of the device.
After a PMA application is complete, the FDA begins an in-depth review of the submitted information. The FDA, by statute and regulation, has 180 days to review an accepted PMA application, although the review generally occurs over a significantly longer period of time, and can take up to several years. During this review period, the FDA may request additional information or clarification of information already provided. Also during the review period, an advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may be convened to review and evaluate the application and provide recommendations to the FDA as to the approvability of the device. In addition, the FDA will conduct a preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facility to ensure compliance with the Quality System Regulation (QSR). New PMA applications or PMA application supplements are required for significant modifications to the manufacturing process, labeling and design of a device that is approved through the premarket approval process. Premarket approval supplements often require submission of the same type of information as a premarket approval application, except that the supplement is limited to information needed to support any changes from the device covered by the original premarket approval application, and may not require as extensive clinical data or the convening of an advisory panel.
Clinical Trials
A clinical trial is almost always required to support a PMA application and is sometimes required for a 510(k) premarket notification. These trials generally require submission of an application for an investigational device exemption (IDE) to the FDA. The IDE application must be supported by
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appropriate data, such as animal and laboratory testing results, showing that it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is scientifically sound. The IDE application must be approved in advance by the FDA for a specified number of patients, unless the product is deemed a non-significant risk device and eligible for more abbreviated investigational device exemption requirements. Clinical trials for a significant risk device may begin once the IDE application is approved by both the FDA and the appropriate institutional review boards at the clinical trial sites. All of Coopers currently marketed products have been cleared by all appropriate regulatory agencies, and Cooper has no product currently being marketed under an IDE.
Continuing FDA Regulation
After a device is placed on the market, numerous regulatory requirements apply. These include: the QSR, which requires manufacturers to follow design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during the manufacturing process; labeling regulations, which prohibit the promotion of products for unapproved or off-label uses and impose other restrictions on labeling; and medical device reporting, regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur. The FDA has broad post-market and regulatory enforcement powers. We are subject to unannounced inspections by the FDA to determine our compliance with the QSR and other regulations.
Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in enforcement action by the FDA, which may include any of the following sanctions: fines, injunctions and civil penalties; recall, seizure or import holds of our products; operating restrictions, suspension of production; refusing our request for 510(k) clearance or premarket approval of new products; withdrawing 510(k) clearance or premarket approvals that are already granted and criminal prosecution.
Even if regulatory approval or clearance of a medical device is granted, the FDA may impose limitations or restrictions on the uses and indications for which the device may be labeled and promoted. Medical devices may be marketed only for the uses and indications for which they are cleared or approved. FDA regulations prohibit a manufacturer from promoting a device for an unapproved or off-label use. Failure to comply with this prohibition on off-label promotion could result in enforcement action by the FDA, including, among other things, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil or criminal penalties.
Foreign Regulation
Health authorities in foreign countries regulate Coopers clinical trials and medical device sales. The regulations vary widely from country to country. Even if the FDA has approved a product, the regulatory agencies in each country must approve new products before they may be marketed there.
These regulatory procedures require a considerable investment in time and resources and usually result in a substantial delay between new product development and marketing. If the Company does not maintain compliance with regulatory standards or if problems occur after marketing, product approval may be withdrawn.
In addition to FDA regulatory requirements, the Company also maintains ISO 9000 certification and CE mark approvals for its products. A CE mark is an international symbol of adherence to certain standards and compliance with applicable European medical device requirements. These quality
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programs and approvals are required by the European Medical Device Directive and must be maintained for all products intended to be sold in the European market. In order to maintain these quality benchmarks, the Company is subjected to rigorous biannual reassessment audits of its quality systems and procedures.
Other Health Care Regulation
We may be subject to various federal, state and foreign laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and physician self-referral laws. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and civil sanctions, including, in some instances, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration health programs and TRICARE. Similarly if the physicians or other providers or entities with whom we do business are found to be noncompliant with applicable laws, they may be subject to sanctions, which could indirectly have a negative impact on our business, financial conditions and result in operations. While we believe that our operations are in material compliance with such laws, because of the complex and far-reaching nature of these laws, there can be no assurance that we would not be required to alter one or more of our practices to be in compliance with these laws.
Anti-Kickback and Fraud Law
Our operations may be subject to anti-kickback laws. The federal anti-kickback statutes, which are commonly known collectively as the Medicare Fraud and Abuse Statute, prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or providing remuneration directly or indirectly to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, recommending or arranging for a good or service for which payment may be made under a federal healthcare program such as Medicare and Medicaid. The definition of remuneration under this statute has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including such items as gifts, discounts, waiver of payments and providing anything at less than its fair market value. While we believe most sales of our products are not subject to the federal anti-kickback statutes, many states have adopted prohibitions similar to the federal anti-kickback statutes, some of which apply to the referral of patients for healthcare services reimbursed by any source, not only by the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
In addition to establishing federal privacy, security and transaction standards, HIPAA created two new fraud and abuse laws. The healthcare fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing or attempting to execute a scheme or artifice to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private payers. The false statements statute prohibits knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or representation in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. This statute applies to any health benefit plan, not just Medicare and Medicaid. Additionally, HIPAA granted expanded enforcement authority to Health and Human Services (HHS) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and provided enhanced resources to support the activities and responsibilities of the Office of Inspector General (OIG) and DOJ by authorizing large increases in funding for investigating fraud and abuse violations relating to healthcare delivery and payment.
Physician Self-Referral Laws
We may also be subject to federal and state physician self-referral laws. The federal Ethics in Patient Referral Act of 1989 (commonly known as the Stark Law) prohibits, subject to certain exceptions, physician referrals of Medicare and Medicaid patients to an entity providing certain designated health
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services if the physician or an immediate family member has any financial relationship with the entity. The Stark Law also prohibits the entity receiving the referral from billing any good or service furnished pursuant to an unlawful referral, and any person collecting any amounts in connection with an unlawful referral is obligated to refund such amounts. Various states have corollary laws to the Stark Law, including laws that require physicians to disclose any financial interest they may have with a healthcare provider to their patients when referring patients to that provider. Both the scope and exceptions for such laws vary from state to state.
False Claims Laws
Under separate statutes, submission of claims for payment or causing such claims to be submitted that are not provided as claimed may lead to civil money penalties, criminal fines and imprisonment, and/or exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid and/or federally-funded state health programs. These false claims statutes include the federal False Claims Act, which prohibits the knowing filing of a false claim or the knowing use of false statements to obtain payment from the federal government. When an entity is determined to have violated the False Claims Act, it must pay three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus mandatory civil penalties of between $5,500 and $11,000 for each separate false claim. Suits filed under the False Claims Act, known as qui tam actions, can be brought by any individual on behalf of the government and such individuals (known as relators or, more commonly, as whistleblowers) may share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. In addition, certain states have enacted laws modeled after the federal False Claims Act. Qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years causing greater numbers of healthcare companies to have to defend a false claim action, pay fines or be excluded from the Medicare, Medicaid or other federal or state healthcare programs as a result of an investigation arising out of such action.
RAW MATERIALS
CVIs raw materials primarily consist of various chemicals and packaging materials. There are alternative supply sources for all of our raw materials other than our silicone hydrogel material. Asahikasei Aime Co. Ltd. (Asahi) is our sole supplier of the primary material used to make our silicone hydrogel contact lens products, comfilcon A. If Asahi fails to supply sufficient material on a timely basis or at all for any reason, we may suffer a disruption in the supply of our silicone hydrogel contact lens products and may need to switch to an alternative supplier in accordance with our agreement with Asahi.
Raw materials used by CSI are generally available from more than one source. However, because some products require specialized manufacturing procedures, we could experience inventory shortages if we were required to use an alternative supplier on short notice.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
In the United States, CVI markets its products through its field sales representatives, who call on optometrists, ophthalmologists, opticians, optical chains and distributors. CVI augments its U.S. sales and marketing efforts with e-commerce, telemarketing and advertising in professional journals. In Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United Kingdom, CVI primarily markets its products through its field sales representatives. In other countries, CVI uses distributors and has given some of them the exclusive right to market its products.
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CSIs products are marketed by a network of field sales representatives and distributors. In the United States, CSI augments its sales and marketing activities with e-commerce, telemarketing, direct mail and advertising in professional journals.
PATENTS, TRADEMARKS AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS
Cooper owns or licenses a variety of domestic and foreign patents, which, in total, are material to its overall business. The names of certain of Coopers products are protected by trademark registrations in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and, in some cases, also in foreign trademark offices. Applications are pending for additional trademark and patent registrations. Cooper aggressively protects its intellectual property rights.
No individual patent or license is material to the Company or either of its principal business units other than:
| Our Patent License Agreement dated as of December 2, 1997, between Cooper and Geoffrey Galley, Albert Moreland, Barry Bevis and Ivor Atkinson entered into in connection with the Companys acquisition of Aspect Vision Care Limited (the Edge Patent License). This agreement extends until the patents expire in January 2010 and relates to patents used by CVI to produce a contact lens edge that provides superior comfort to the wearer. The edge forms a part of CVIs products (both spherical and toric lenses) that are manufactured using a cast molding technology in the CVIs Hamble, England, Norfolk, Virginia, and Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico, facilities. |
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Our license related to products manufactured by CVI using the proprietary PC Technology patents that we received in connection with the Companys acquisition of Biocompatibles Eye Care, Inc. Our Proclear® Compatibles brand of spherical, multifocal and toric soft contact lenses are manufactured using this PC Technology. This license term extends until the patents expire in 2011. |
In addition to trademarks and patent licenses, the Company owns certain trade secrets, copyrights, know-how and other intellectual property.
DEPENDENCE ON CUSTOMERS
Neither of our business units depends to any material extent on any one customer or any one affiliated group of customers.
GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS
Neither of our business units is materially subject to profit renegotiation or termination of contracts or subcontracts at the election of the United States government.
BACKLOG
Backlog is not a material factor in either of Coopers business units.
SEASONALITY
CVIs contact lens sales in its fiscal first quarter, which runs from November 1 through January 31, are typically lower than subsequent quarters, as patient traffic to practitioners offices is relatively light during the holiday season.
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COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
Federal, state and local provisions that regulate the discharge of materials into the environment, or relate to the protection of the environment, do not currently materially affect Coopers capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.
WORKING CAPITAL
Cooper has not required any material working capital arrangements in the past five years.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT BUSINESS SEGMENTS, GEOGRAPHIC AREAS, FOREIGN OPERATIONS AND EXPORT SALES
The information required by this item is included in Note 14. Business Segment Information of our Financial Statements and Supplementary Data and Item 1A. Risk Factors Risks Relating to Our Business, included in this report.
EMPLOYEES
On October 31, 2007, the Company had about 7,600 employees. The Company believes that its relations with its employees are good.
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE CERTIFICATION
We submitted our 2007 annual Section 12(a) CEO certification with the New York Stock Exchange. The certification was not qualified in any respect. Additionally, we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2007, the CEO and CFO certifications required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Cooper Companies, Inc. Internet address is http://www.coopercos.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, along with all other reports and amendments filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), are publicly available free of charge on our Web site as soon as reasonably practicable. The public may read and copy these materials at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a Web site that contains such reports, proxy and information statements and other information whose Internet address is http://www.sec.gov. The Companys Corporate Governance Principles, Ethics and Business Conduct Policy and charters of each standing committee of the Board of Directors are also posted on the Companys Web site. The information on the Companys Web site is not part of this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC.
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Our business faces significant risks. These risks include those described below and may include additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks, and the trading prices of our common stock or convertible debentures could decline. These risks should be read in conjunction with the other information in this report.
Risks Relating to Our Business
We operate in the highly competitive healthcare industry and there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully.
Each of our businesses operates within a highly competitive environment. In our soft contact lens segment, CVI faces intense competition from competitors products, in particular silicone hydrogel contact lenses, and may face increasing competition as other new products enter the market. Our major competitors in the contact lens business have substantially greater financial resources, larger research and development budgets, larger sales forces, greater market penetration and larger manufacturing volumes than CVI.
Our major competitors in the specialty contact lens business offer competitive products and newer materials, plus a variety of other eye care products including lens care products and ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, which may give them a competitive advantage in marketing their lenses. Moreover, silicone hydrogel lenses are gaining market acceptance in the specialty lens business and we are not yet able to manufacture and market our own competitive silicone hydrogel specialty products, which could erode our specialty lens market share and margins.
The market for our non-specialty, commodity contact lenses is also intensely competitive and is characterized by declining sales volumes for older product lines and growing demand for silicone hydrogel based products. Our ability to respond to these competitive pressures will depend on our ability to decrease our costs and maintain gross margins and operating results and to successfully introduce new products, including our own silicone hydrogel products, on a timely basis in markets such as the United States, Europe and Japan, and to achieve manufacturing efficiencies and sufficient manufacturing capacity and capabilities for such products. Any significant decrease in our costs per lens will depend, in part, on our ability to increase sales volume and production capabilities. Our failure to respond to competitive pressures in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
To a lesser extent, CVI also competes with manufacturers of eyeglasses and other forms of vision correction including ophthalmic surgery.
There can be no assurance that we will not encounter increased competition in the future, or that a successful entry into CVIs higher-margin specialty lens segments by a larger competitor would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
In the womens healthcare segment, competitive factors include technological and scientific advances, product quality, price and effective communication of product information to physicians and hospitals. CSI competes with a number of manufacturers in each of its niche markets, some of which have substantially greater financial and personnel resources and sell a much broader range of products, which may give them an advantage in marketing competitive products.
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Product innovations are important in the industry in which we operate, and we face the risk of product obsolescence.
Product innovations are important in the contact lens business in which CVI competes and in the niche areas of the healthcare industry in which CSI competes. Historically, we did not allocate substantial resources to new product development, but rather purchased, leveraged or licensed the technology developments of others. However, since 2005, we have been investing more in new product development, including the development of silicone hydrogel-based contact lenses. Although our focus is on products that will be marketable immediately or in the short to medium term rather than on funding longer-term, higher risk research and development projects, time commitments, the cost of obtaining necessary regulatory approval and other costs related to product innovations can be substantial. There can be no assurance that we will successfully obtain necessary regulatory approvals or clearances for our new products or that our new products will successfully compete in the marketplace and, as a result, justify the expense involved in their development and regulatory approval. In addition, our competitors may have developed or may in the future develop new products or technologies that could lead to the obsolescence of one or more of our products. Failure to stay current with our competitors with regard to new product offerings and technological changes and to offer products that provide performance that is at least comparable to competing products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
If our products are not accepted by the market, we will not be able to sustain or expand our business.
Certain of our proposed products have not yet been clinically tested or commercially introduced, and we cannot assure you that any of them will achieve market acceptance or generate operating profits. We are in the process of expanding our manufacturing capacity and product sales of our Biofinity® and Proclear® 1 Day products which we view as key products to drive our future growth. In addition, we have not commercially marketed many of our planned new products, such as certain of our planned silicone hydrogel contact lens products. Market acceptance and customer demand for these products are uncertain. The development of a market for our products may be influenced by many factors, some of which are out of our control, including:
| limited product availability due to manufacturing constraints; |
| acceptance of our products by eye care and womens healthcare practitioners; |
| the cost competitiveness of our products; |
| consumer reluctance to try and use a new product; |
| regulatory requirements; |
| the earlier release of competitive products, such as silicone hydrogel products, into the market by our competitors; and |
| the emergence of newer and more competitive products. |
New medical and technological developments may reduce the need for our products.
Technological developments in the eye care and womens healthcare industries, such as new surgical procedures or medical devices, may limit demand for our products. Corneal refractive surgical procedures such as Lasik surgery and the development of new pharmaceutical products may decrease
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the demand for our optical products. If these new advances were to provide a practical alternative to traditional vision correction, the demand for contact lenses and eyeglasses may materially decrease. We cannot assure that medical advances and technological developments will not have a material adverse effect on our businesses.
Our substantial and expanding international operations are subject to uncertainties which could affect our operating results.
A significant portion of our current operations for CVI are conducted and located outside the United States, and our growth strategy involves expanding our existing foreign operations and entering into new foreign jurisdictions. We have significant manufacturing and distribution sites in North America and Europe. Approximately 61% and 59% of our net sales for CVI for the years ended October 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, were derived from the sale of products outside the United States. Further, we believe that sales outside the United States will continue to account for a material portion of our total net sales for the foreseeable future. International operations and business expansion plans are subject to numerous additional risks, including:
| foreign customers may have longer payment cycles than customers in the United States; |
| failure to comply with United States Department of Commerce export controls may result in fines and/or penalties; |
| tax rates in some foreign countries may exceed those of the United States, and foreign earnings may be subject to withholding requirements or the imposition of tariffs, exchange controls or other restrictions; |
| we may find it difficult to comply with a variety of foreign regulatory requirements; |
| general economic and political conditions in the countries where we operate may have an adverse effect on our operations in those countries or not be favorable to our growth strategy; |
| we may find it difficult to manage a large organization spread throughout various countries; |
| foreign governments may adopt regulations or take other actions that would have a direct or indirect adverse impact on our business and market opportunities; |
| we may have difficulty enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through some foreign legal systems; |
| fluctuations in currency exchange rates could adversely affect our results; |
| we may have difficulty enforcing intellectual property rights in some foreign countries; |
| we may have difficulty gaining market share in countries such as Japan because of regulatory restrictions and customer preferences; and |
| we may find it difficult to enter new markets such as China, India and other developing nations due to, among other things, customer acceptance, undeveloped distribution channels and business knowledge of these new markets. |
As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international operations. However, any of these factors could adversely affect our international operations and, consequently, our operating results.
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Acquisitions that we may make may involve numerous risks.
We have a history of acquiring businesses and products that have significantly contributed to our growth in recent years. As part of our growth strategy, particularly at CSI, we intend to continue to consider acquiring complementary technologies, products and businesses. Future acquisitions could result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities and an increase in amortization and/or write-offs of goodwill and other intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations. Risks we could face with respect to acquisitions include:
| difficulties in the integration of the operations, technologies, products and personnel of the acquired company and establishment of appropriate accounting controls and reporting procedures and other regulatory compliance procedures; |
| risks of entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; |
| potential loss of employees; |
| an inability to identify and consummate future acquisitions on favorable terms or at all; |
| diversion of managements attention away from other business concerns; |
| expenses of any undisclosed or potential liabilities of the acquired company; |
| expenses, including restructuring expenses, to shut-down our own locations and/or terminate our employees; |
| a dilution of earnings per share; and |
| risks inherent in accounting allocations and consequences thereof, such as whether a strategic or financial buyer would view such allocations as establishing a fair value for so-called tangible and intangible assets. |
We face risks associated with disruption of manufacturing and distribution operations and failure to develop new manufacturing processes that could adversely affect our profitability or competitive position.
We manufacture a significant portion of the medical device products we sell. Any prolonged disruption in the operations of our existing manufacturing facilities, whether due to technical or labor difficulties, destruction of or damage to any facility (as a result of natural disaster, use and storage of hazardous materials or other events) or other reasons, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, materials, such as silicone hydrogel require improvements to our manufacturing processes to make them cost effective. Our failure to develop such improvements to our manufacturing processes could significantly impact our ability to compete.
CVI manufactures molded contact lenses, which represent a significant portion of our contact lens revenues, primarily at our facilities in the United Kingdom, Puerto Rico and Norfolk, Virginia. CSI manufactures the majority of its products in Trumbull, Connecticut. We manufacture certain products at only one manufacturing site for certain markets, and certain of our products are approved for manufacturing only at one site. Before we can use a second manufacturing site, we must obtain the approval of regulatory authorities, and because this process is expensive, we have generally not sought approvals needed to manufacture at an additional site. If there were any prolonged disruption in the operations of the approved facility, it could take a significant amount of time to validate a second site and replace lost product, which could result in lost customers and thereby reduce sales, profitability and market share.
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CVI distributes products out of Rochester, New York, and the United Kingdom and various smaller international distribution facilities. CSIs products are primarily distributed out of its facility in Trumbull, Connecticut. Any prolonged disruption in the operations of our existing distribution facilities, whether due to technical or labor difficulties, destruction of or damage to any facility (as a result of natural disaster, use and storage of hazardous materials or other events) or other reasons, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our manufacturing operations fail to comply with applicable regulations, our manufacturing could be delayed or disrupted, and our product sales and profitability could suffer.
Our manufacturing operations and processes are required to comply with numerous federal, state and foreign regulatory requirements, including the FDAs QSR regulations, which govern the procedures related to the design, testing, production processes, controls, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, storage, importing, exporting and shipping of our products. We also are subject to state requirements and licenses applicable to manufacturers of medical devices. In addition, we must engage in extensive recordkeeping and reporting and must make available our manufacturing facilities and records for periodic unscheduled inspections by governmental agencies, including the FDA, state authorities and comparable agencies in other countries. Failure to pass a QSR or similar foreign inspection or to comply with these and other applicable regulatory requirements could result in disruption of our operations and manufacturing delays in addition to, among other things, significant fines, suspension of approvals, seizures, recalls or import holds of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions. As a result, any failure to comply with applicable requirements could adversely affect our product sales and profitability.
We rely on independent suppliers for raw materials and we could experience inventory shortages if we were required to use an alternative supplier on short notice.
We rely on independent suppliers for key raw materials, consisting primarily of various chemicals and packaging materials. Raw materials used by us are generally available from more than one source. However, because some products require specialized manufacturing procedures, we could experience inventory shortages if we were required to use an alternative manufacturer on short notice. Asahikasei Aime Co. Ltd. (Asahi) is our sole supplier of the primary material used to make our silicone hydrogel contact lens products, comfilcon A. If Asahi fails to supply sufficient material on a timely basis or at all for any reason, we may suffer a disruption in the supply of our silicone hydrogel contact lens products and may need to switch to an alternative supplier in accordance with our agreement with Asahi. A disruption in the supply of comfilcon A could disrupt production of our silicone hydrogel contact lens products thereby adversely impacting our ability to market and sell such products and our ability to compete in this important segment of the contact lens market.
If we fail to adequately protect our intellectual property, our business could suffer.
We consider our intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks and licensing agreements, to be an integral component of our business. We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as licensing agreements and third-party nondisclosure and assignment agreements. Our failure to obtain or maintain adequate protection of our intellectual property rights for any reason could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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We may also seek to enforce our intellectual property rights on others through litigation. Our claims, even if meritorious, may be found invalid or inapplicable to a party we believe infringes or has misappropriated our intellectual property rights. In addition, litigation can:
| be expensive and time consuming to prosecute or defend; |
| result in a finding that we do not have certain intellectual property rights or that such rights lack sufficient scope or strength; |
| divert managements attention and resources; or |
| require us to license our intellectual property. |
We have applied for patent protection in the United States and other foreign jurisdictions relating to certain existing and proposed processes and products. We cannot assure you that any of our patent applications will be approved. Patent applications in the United States are maintained in secrecy for a period of time, which may last until patents are issued, and since publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature tends to lag behind actual discoveries by several months, we cannot be certain that we will be the first creator of inventions covered by any patent application we make or the first to file patent applications on such inventions. The patents we own could be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by others and may not be of sufficient scope or strength to provide us with any meaningful protection or commercial advantage. Further, we cannot assure you that we will have adequate resources to enforce our patents.
We also rely on unpatented proprietary technology. It is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technology or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology. To protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information, we require employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements and assignment agreements, which generally provide that inventions conceived by the party in the course of rendering services to us will be our exclusive property. However, we cannot assure you that these confidentiality agreements will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information. Furthermore, enforcing a claim that a party illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets is difficult, expensive and time consuming and the outcome is unpredictable. If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies, we could lose competitive advantage and be materially adversely affected.
We rely on trademarks to establish a market identity for our products. To maintain the value of our trademarks, we might have to file lawsuits against third parties to prevent them from using trademarks confusingly similar to or dilutive of our registered or unregistered trademarks. Also, we might not obtain registrations for our pending or future trademark applications, and might have to defend our registered trademark and pending applications from challenge by third parties. Enforcing or defending our registered and unregistered trademarks might result in significant litigation costs and damages, including the inability to continue using certain trademarks.
The laws of certain foreign countries in which we do business or contemplate doing business in the future do not recognize intellectual property rights or protect them to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Adverse determinations in a judicial or administrative proceeding could prevent us from manufacturing and selling our products or prevent us from stopping others from manufacturing and selling competing products, and thereby have a material adverse affect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Our intellectual property could be subject to claims of infringement.
Our competitors in both the United States and foreign countries, many of which have substantially greater resources and have made substantial investments in competing technologies, may have applied for or obtained, or may in the future apply for and obtain, patents that will prevent, limit or otherwise interfere with our ability to make and sell our existing and planned products. Claims that our products infringe the proprietary rights of others often are not asserted until after commencement of commercial sales incorporating our technology.
Significant litigation regarding intellectual property rights exists in our industry. Third parties have made, and it is possible that they will make in future, claims of infringement against us or our contract manufacturers in connection with their use of our technology. See Part I, Item 3. Legal Proceedings (Bausch & Lomb, CIBA Vision). Any claims, even those without merit, could:
| be expensive and time consuming to defend; |
| cause us to cease making, licensing or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property; |
| require us to redesign or reengineer our products, if feasible; |
| divert managements attention and resources; or |
| require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a necessary product, component or process. |
However, we cannot be certain of the outcome of any litigation. Any royalty or licensing agreement, if required, may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. Our failure to obtain the necessary licenses or other rights could prevent the sale, manufacture, or distribution of some of our products and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
A successful claim of infringement against us or our contract manufacturers in connection with the use of our technology, in particular if we are unable to manufacture or sell any of our planned products in any major market, could adversely affect our business.
We could experience losses from product liability claims, including such claims and other losses resulting from sales of counterfeit and other infringing products.
We face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the use of our products results in personal injury. We also face the risk that defects in the design or manufacture of our products or sales of counterfeit or other infringing product might necessitate a product recall and other actions by manufacturers, distributors or retailers in order to safeguard the health of consumers and protect the integrity of the subject brand. In addition, consumers may halt or delay purchases of a product that is the subject of a claim or recall, or has been counterfeited. We handle some risk with third-party carrier policies that are subject to deductibles and limitations. There can be no assurance that we will not experience material losses due to product liability claims or recalls, or a decline in sales resulting from sales of counterfeit or other infringing product, in the future.
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Concerns with the safety of certain contact lens solutions resulting in the voluntary recall of such products may adversely affect the contact lens industry in general.
On May 15, 2006, Bausch & Lomb announced a worldwide voluntary recall of ReNu with MoistureLoc following a governmental investigation into an increase in fungal infections among contact lens wearers in the United States and certain Asian markets. On May 25, 2007, Advanced Medical Optics announced a worldwide voluntary recall of Complete®MoisturePlus based on CDC data linking the product to an increased risk of acanthamoeba keratitis, a rare, but serious, infection of the cornea. While our contact lens products have not been associated with either of these recalls, these recalls and others, or similar safety issues, may result in more rigorous government oversight, regulation or enforcement, damage consumer confidence in the safety of contact lens usage which may negatively impact the growth of the contact lens market in general or cause consumers to try alternative vision correcting technologies. An overall slowdown in the growth of the worldwide contact lens market could adversely affect our ability to continue to increase revenues thereby having a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face risks in connection with securities litigation.
The Company and several of its directors and officers have been named in a consolidated putative securities class action lawsuit and its directors and certain of its officers have been named in two consolidated derivative lawsuits, the nature and status of which are described in Item 3. Legal Proceedings. The consolidated putative securities class action seeks unspecified damages from the Company, and we are unable to estimate the range of potential losses that would be incurred if the plaintiffs in this action were to prevail, or to determine the total effect that it may have on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. However, any settlement or judgment on the merits of this action could have a material adverse effect on the Companys liquidity, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, securities litigation, irrespective of its merits, is costly to defend and diverts managements attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business.
The purported derivative lawsuits, which are at a very preliminary stage, do not seek damages from the Company. However, derivative litigation is costly, and these lawsuits may divert managements attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business.
We face risks related to environmental matters.
Our facilities are subject to a broad range of federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and requirements, including those governing discharges to the air and water, the handling or disposal of solid and hazardous substances and wastes, remediation of contamination associated with the release of hazardous substances at our facilities and offsite disposal locations and occupational safety and health. We have made, and will continue to make, expenditures to comply with such laws and requirements. Future events, such as changes in existing laws and regulations, or the enforcement thereof, or the discovery of contamination at our facilities, may give rise to additional compliance or remediation costs that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Such laws and requirements are constantly changing, are different in every jurisdiction and can impose substantial fines and sanctions for violations. As a manufacturer of various products, we are exposed to some risk of claims with respect to environmental matters, and there can be no assurance that material costs or liabilities will not be incurred in connection with any such claims.
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We are conducting a voluntary clean-up at one of our sites in the state of New York. Although the workplan that we submitted to the state has been approved and we believe that the clean-up is proceeding in accordance with the workplan and our expectations, there can be no assurance that the clean-up will be completed within the timeframe and cost projected, that the expected results will be achieved, or that we will not identify alternate sources or higher levels of contamination. As such, there can be no assurance that material costs or liabilities will not be incurred in connection therewith.
Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and prevent us from fulfilling our debt obligations.
We have now and expect to continue to have a significant amount of indebtedness.
Our substantial indebtedness could:
| increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; |
| require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, research and development efforts and other general corporate purposes; |
| limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; |
| place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; |
| limit our ability to borrow additional funds; and |
| make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt, including our obligation to repay our credit facility or repurchase our convertible debentures under certain circumstances; |
In addition, our credit facility and senior notes contain financial and other restrictive covenants that will limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all of our debt.
We are vulnerable to interest rate risk with respect to our debt.
We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with the issuance of variable and fixed-rate debt. In order to maintain our desired mix of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, we currently use, and may continue to use, interest rate swap agreements and exchange fixed and variable-rate interest payment obligations over the life of the arrangements, without exchange of the underlying principal amounts. We may not be successful in structuring such swap agreements to effectively manage our risks, which could adversely affect our business, earnings and financial condition.
Exchange rate fluctuations could adversely affect our financial results.
As a result of our international operations, currency exchange rate fluctuations tend to affect our results of operations and financial position. Our most significant currency exposures are the British pound, Canadian dollar, Japanese Yen, and Euro. We expect to generate an increasing portion of our revenue and incur a significant portion of our expenses in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Although we enter into foreign exchange agreements with financial institutions to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency values relative to our debt or receivables obligations, these hedging transactions do
26
not eliminate that risk entirely. These hedges also serve to reduce any gain that we may have made based on favorable foreign currency fluctuations. In addition, to the extent we are unable to match revenue received in foreign currencies with costs paid in the same currency, exchange rate fluctuations could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Finally, because our consolidated financial results are reported in dollars, if we generate sales or earnings in other currencies the translation of those results into dollars can result in a significant increase or decrease in the amount of those sales or earnings.
We may be required to recognize impairment charges on goodwill, which would reduce our net income, consolidated net worth and stockholders equity.
Pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, we are required to perform impairment tests on our goodwill balance annually or at any time when events occur, which could impact the value of our business segments. Our determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on a comparison of each of our reporting units fair market value with its carrying value. Significant and unanticipated changes could require a provision for impairment in a future period that could substantially affect our reported earnings in a period of such change. In addition, such charges would reduce our consolidated net worth and our shareholders equity and increase our debt to total capitalization ratio, which may result in a default under our credit facilities.
The accounting for convertible debt securities is subject to uncertainty and changes in accounting guidance could adversely impact our reported and future results.
The accounting for convertible debt securities is subject to frequent scrutiny by accounting regulatory bodies and is subject to change. We cannot predict if or when any future accounting changes will be made. However, any such change could have an adverse impact on our reported or future financial results and could adversely affect the trading prices of our securities.
For example, the accounting method for convertible debt securities that can be settled in stock, cash or a combination, which would include our 2.625% convertible senior debentures due 2023, or our debentures, has been under review by accounting regulatory bodies for some time.
A proposal to change the existing accounting method for convertible debt securities has recently been made by the FASB. Under the proposal, for accounting purposes convertible debt securities such as our debentures would be bifurcated into a debt component and an equity component. The value assigned to the debt component would be the estimated fair value, as of the issuance date, of a similar, nonconvertible debt security. The difference between the proceeds from the convertible debt security and the amount reflected as a debt liability would be recorded as additional paid-in capital. As a result, the liability associated with a convertible debt security would be expected to be recorded at a discount to its face amount because the stated interest rate on a convertible debt security is typically lower than the market interest rate that would apply to a similar, nonconvertible debt security. Such convertible debt securities would subsequently accrete to their face amount over their expected life, based on the market rate of interest for a similar, nonconvertible debt security. The proposal would also require issuers to recognize additional noncash interest expense in their income statement based on the difference between the stated interest rate on their convertible debt securities and the market rate of interest for a similar, nonconvertible debt security. The proposal would apply retrospectively to all periods presented in quarterly and annual filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This proposed change in accounting methodology, if adopted in its current form, would negatively affect the calculations of net income and earnings per share for many issuers of convertible debt securities and related interest and debt based financial ratios.
27
Implementation of this proposal is ongoing and we cannot predict the exact methodology that will be imposed, which may differ materially from the foregoing description, or when any change will be finally implemented.
Increases in our effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of income tax returns could adversely affect our results.
Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being higher than anticipated in countries where the Company has higher statutory rates or lower than anticipated in countries where it has lower statutory rates, by changes in valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws or interpretations of those laws. In addition, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has been auditing Oculars income tax returns for the years 2002 2005, and we are also subject to the examination of the Companys income tax returns by other tax authorities. The outcome of these examinations could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
Failure to utilize U.S. net operating losses could negatively impact our statement of operations.
At October 31, 2007, we had U.S. net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) of approximately $109.7 million. Approximately $25.9 million of the NOLs expire in fiscal 2008. Although we presently anticipate utilizing the entire NOL in our tax filings, significant and unanticipated changes in our projected U.S. taxable income may result in our not fully utilizing the NOL. Should this occur, the tax effect of the unutilized NOL would be reflected as a non-cash-related tax provision on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We are in the process of upgrading certain of our management information systems, and we cannot assure you that there will not be associated excessive costs or disruption of our business.
We have implemented a management information system at our major locations and are in the process of implementing the system for substantially all of our businesses worldwide. Many other companies have had severe problems with computer system implementations of this nature and scope. We are using a controlled project plan, and we believe we have assigned adequate staffing and other resources to the projects to ensure its successful implementation. However, we cannot assure you that the design will meet our current and future business needs or that it will operate as designed. We are heavily dependent on such computer systems, and any failure or delay in the system implementation would cause a substantial interruption to our business, additional expense and loss of sales, customers and profits.
If we do not retain our key personnel and attract and retain other highly skilled employees, our business could suffer.
If we fail to recruit and retain the necessary personnel, our business and our ability to obtain new customers, develop new products and provide acceptable levels of customer service could suffer. The success of our business is heavily dependent on the leadership of our key management personnel. Our success also depends on our ability to recruit, retain and motivate highly skilled sales, marketing and engineering personnel. Competition for these persons in our industry is intense, and we may not be able to successfully recruit, train or retain qualified personnel.
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Provisions of our governing documents and Delaware law, and our rights plan, may have anti-takeover effects.
Certain provisions of our Second Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated By-laws may inhibit changes in control of the Company not approved by our board of directors. These provisions include: (i) advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations and (ii) the authority of our board to issue without stockholder approval preferred stock with such terms as our board may determine. We will also be afforded the protections of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which could have similar effects. Our board of directors extended our preferred stock purchase rights plan, commonly known as a poison pill, pursuant to an amended rights agreement dated as of October 29, 2007. The rights agreement is intended to prevent abusive hostile takeover attempts by requiring a potential acquiror to negotiate the terms of an acquisition with our board of directors. However, it could have the effect of deterring or preventing an acquisition of our Company, even if a majority of the our stockholders would be in favor of such acquisition, and could also have the effect of making it more difficult for a person or group to gain control of the Company or to change existing management.
Risks Relating to Government Regulation of Manufacture and Sale of Our Products
Our failure to comply with regulatory requirements or to receive regulatory clearance or approval for our products or operations could adversely affect our business.
Our products and operations are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA, and numerous other federal, state and foreign governmental authorities. In the United States, the FDA regulates virtually all aspects of a medical devices design, development, testing, manufacture, safety, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, reporting, marketing, promotion and distribution, as well as the export of medical devices manufactured in the United States to foreign markets. Our failure to comply with FDA regulations could lead to the imposition of administrative or judicial sanctions, including injunctions, suspensions or the loss of regulatory approvals, product recalls, termination of distribution or product seizures. In the most egregious cases, criminal sanctions or closure of our manufacturing facilities are possible.
Our medical devices require clearance or approval by the FDA before they can be commercially distributed in the United States and may require similar approvals by foreign regulatory agencies before distribution in foreign jurisdictions. Medical devices may only be marketed for the indications for which they are approved or cleared. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals to market a medical device, particularly from the FDA, can be costly and time consuming. There can be no assurance that such approvals will be granted on a timely basis, if at all, or that significant delays in the introduction of any new products or product enhancements will not occur, which could adversely affect our competitive position and results of operations. In addition, the FDA may change its policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, each of which could prevent or delay premarket approval or clearance of our products or could impact our ability to market our currently approved or cleared products.
Modifications and enhancements to a medical device also require a new FDA clearance or approval if they could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness or would constitute a major change in its intended use, design or manufacture. The FDA requires every manufacturer to make this determination in the first instance, but the FDA may review any manufacturers decision. We have made modifications and enhancements to our medical devices that we do not believe require a new clearance
29
or application, but we cannot confirm that the FDA will agree with our decisions. If the FDA requires us to seek clearance or approval for modification of a previously cleared product for which we have concluded that new clearances or approvals are unnecessary, we may be required to cease marketing or to recall the modified product until we obtain clearance or approval, and we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and competitive position. We also cannot assure you that we will be successful in obtaining clearances or approvals for our modifications, if required.
Even if regulatory approval or clearance of a medical device is granted, the FDA may impose limitations or restrictions on the uses and indications for which the device may be labeled and promoted, and failure to comply with FDA regulations prohibiting a manufacturer from promoting a device for an unapproved, or off-label use could result in enforcement action by the FDA, including, among other things, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees, and civil or criminal penalties.
Development and marketing of our products is subject to strict governmental regulation by foreign regulatory agencies, and failure to receive, or delay in receiving, foreign qualifications could have a material adverse affect on our business.
In many of the foreign countries in which we market our products, we are subject to regulations affecting, among other things, product standards, packaging requirements, labeling requirements, import restrictions, tariff regulations, duties and tax requirements. Many of the regulations applicable to our devices and products in such countries are similar to those of the FDA. In many countries, the national health or social security organizations require our products to be qualified before they can be marketed with the benefit of reimbursement eligibility. To date, we have not experienced difficulty in complying with these regulations. Due to the movement towards harmonization of standards in the European Union, we expect a changing regulatory environment in Europe characterized by a shift from a country by-country regulatory system to a European Union-wide single regulatory system. We cannot currently predict the timing of this harmonization. Our failure to receive, or delays in the receipt of, relevant foreign qualifications could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our products are subject to reporting requirements and recalls, even after receiving regulatory clearance or approval, which could harm our reputation, business and financial results.
After a device is placed on the market, numerous regulatory requirements apply, including the FDAs QSR, which requires manufacturers to follow design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during the manufacturing process; labeling regulations, which prohibit the promotion of products for unapproved or off-label uses and impose other restrictions on labeling; and medical device reporting regulations that require us to report to FDA or similar governmental bodies in other countries if our products cause or contribute to a death or serious injury or malfunction in a way that would be reasonably likely to contribute to death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. The FDA and similar governmental bodies in other countries have the authority to require the recall of our products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture. A government mandated or voluntary recall by us could occur as a result of manufacturing or labeling errors or design defects. Any voluntary or government mandated recall may divert management attention and financial resources and harm our reputation with customers. Any recall involving one of our products could also harm the reputation of the product and the Company and would be particularly harmful to our business and financial results.
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Changes in government regulation of the healthcare industry as well as third-party payors efforts to control the costs of healthcare could materially adversely affect our business.
In recent years, an increasing number of healthcare reform proposals have been formulated by the legislative and executive branches of the federal and state governments. These proposals could effect major changes in the healthcare system, either nationally or at the state level. Among the proposals under consideration are price controls on hospitals, insurance market reforms to increase the availability of group health insurance to small businesses, requirements that companies that sell products to hospitals and other healthcare providers must publicly disclose their prices, requirements that all businesses offer health insurance coverage to their employees and the creation of a government health insurance plan or plans that would cover all citizens.
There also continue to be efforts at the federal level to introduce various insurance market reforms, expanded fraud and abuse and anti referral legislation and further reductions in Medicare and Medicaid coverage and reimbursement. A broad range of both similar and more comprehensive healthcare reform initiatives is likely to be considered at the state level. Although it is uncertain which, if any, of these or other proposals will be adopted, the potential for adoption of these proposals affects or may affect our ability to market our products.
Any adoption of healthcare reform proposals on a state-by-state basis could require us to develop state-specific marketing and sales approaches. In addition, we may experience pricing pressures in connection with the sale of our products due to additional legislative proposals or healthcare reform initiatives, including those initiatives affecting coverage and reimbursement for our products. Future legislation and regulations may adversely affect the growth of the market for our products or demand for our products. We cannot predict the effect such reforms or the prospect of their enactment may have on our business.
In addition, third-party payors, whether governmental or commercial, whether inside the United States or abroad, increasingly attempt to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare. These cost-control methods include prospective payment systems, capitated rates, group purchasing, redesign of benefits, requiring pre-authorizations or second opinions prior to certain medical procedures, encouragement of healthier lifestyles and exploration of more cost-effective methods of delivering healthcare. Although cost controls or other requirements imposed by third-party payors have not historically had a significant effect on contact lens prices or distribution practices, this could change in the future and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Furthermore, widely publicized events concerning the safety risk of certain medical products, including the voluntary recalls of certain contact lens solutions in 2006 and 2007 by Bausch & Lomb and Advanced Medical Optics, respectively, may cause regulatory authorities, members of Congress, the Government Accounting Office, medical professionals and the general public to raise concerns about potential medical product safety issues. This increased attention may result in increased regulation and scrutiny of medical devices, such as, for example, the Food and Drug Administration Amendment Act of 2007, which was recently enacted, providing for the establishment of a unique system for identifying medical devices, among other provisions.
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The costs of complying with the requirements of federal laws pertaining to the privacy and security of health information and the potential liability associated with failure to do so could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Other federal legislation affects the manner in which we use and disclose health information. HIPAA mandates, among other things, the adoption of standards for the electronic exchange of health information that may require significant and costly changes to current practices. HHS has released three rules to date mandating the use of new standards with respect to certain healthcare transactions and health information. The first rule requires the use of uniform standards for common healthcare transactions, including healthcare claims information, plan eligibility, referral certification and authorization, claims status, plan enrollment and disenrollment, payment and remittance advice, plan premium payments and coordination of benefits. The second rule released by HHS imposes new standards relating to the privacy of individually identifiable health information. These standards not only require compliance with rules governing the use and disclosure of protected health information, but they also require an entity subject to HIPAA to obtain satisfactory assurances that any of its business associates to whom such information is disclosed will safeguard the information. The third rule released by HHS establishes minimum standards for the security of electronic health information. While we do not believe we are directly regulated as a covered entity under HIPAA, many of our customers are covered entities subject to HIPAA. Such customers may require us to enter into business associate agreements, which obligate us to safeguard certain health information we obtain in the course of servicing the customers, restrict the manner in which we use and disclose such information and impose liability on us for failure to meet our contractual obligations. The costs of complying with these contractual obligations and potential liability associated with failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition and results of operations.
Federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations.
We may be subject to various federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and physician self-referral laws. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and civil sanctions, including, in some instances, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration health programs and TRICARE. Similarly, if the physicians or other providers or entities with whom we do business are found to be non-compliant with applicable laws, they may be subject to sanctions, which could indirectly have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we believe that our operations are in material compliance with such laws, because of the complex and far-reaching nature of these laws, there can be no assurance that we would not be required to alter one or more of our practices to be in compliance with these laws. Any violations of these laws or regulations could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if there is a change in law, regulation, administrative or judicial interpretation, we may have to change our business practices or our existing business practices could be challenged as unlawful, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
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The following is a summary of Coopers principal facilities as of October 31, 2007. Cooper generally leases its office and operations facilities but owns several manufacturing and research and development facilities, including 205,850 square feet in Hamble, United Kingdom, 49,500 square feet in Scottsville, New York, and 39,000 square feet in Norfolk, Virginia. Our lease agreements expire at various dates through the year 2023. The Company believes its properties are suitable and adequate for its businesses.
Location |
Approximate Square Feet |
Operations | ||
United States |
||||
California |
82,357 | Executive Offices, CVI Research & Development and CVI Administrative Offices | ||
New York |
359,164 | CVI Manufacturing, Marketing, Distribution and Administrative Offices | ||
Virginia |
66,620 | CVI Manufacturing, Distribution, Administrative Offices and Warehouse | ||
Connecticut |
173,860 | CSI Manufacturing, Marketing, Distribution, Research & Development and Administrative Offices | ||
Puerto Rico |
||||
Juana Diaz |
212,047 | CVI Manufacturing and Warehouse | ||
United Kingdom |
||||
Hampshire |
475,255 | CVI Manufacturing, Marketing, Distribution, Research & Development, and Administrative Offices | ||
Belgium |
||||
Liege |
118,360 | CVI Distribution | ||
France |
||||
Nice |
12,045 | CVI Marketing and Distribution | ||
Italy |
||||
Milan |
29,150 | CVI Marketing and Distribution | ||
Japan |
||||
Tokyo |
61,377 | CVI Marketing, Distribution and Administrative Offices | ||
Australia |
||||
Adelaide |
21,014 | CVI Manufacturing, Distribution and Administrative Offices | ||
Canada |
||||
Ontario |
40,000 | CVI Administrative Offices and Warehouse |
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Levine v. The Cooper Cos., Inc., et al.
On February 15, 2006, Alvin L. Levine filed a putative securities class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Case No. SACV-06-169 CJC, against the Company, A. Thomas Bender, its Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer and a director, Robert S. Weiss, its Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and a director, and John D. Fruth, a director. Two similar putative class action lawsuits were also filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Case Nos. SACV-06-306 CJC and SACV-06-331 CJC. On May 19, 2006, the Court consolidated all three actions under the heading In re Cooper Companies, Inc. Securities Litigation and selected a lead plaintiff and lead counsel pursuant to the provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, 15 U.S.C. § 78u-4.
The lead plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint on July 31, 2006. The consolidated complaint was filed on behalf of all purchasers of the Companys securities between July 28, 2004, and December 12, 2005, including persons who received Company securities in exchange for their shares of Ocular in the January 2005 merger pursuant to which the Company acquired Ocular. In addition to the Company, Messrs. Bender, Weiss, and Fruth, the consolidated complaint names as defendants several of the Companys other current officers and directors and one former officer. On July 13, 2007, the Court granted Coopers motion to dismiss the consolidated complaint and granted the lead plaintiff leave to amend to attempt to state a valid claim.
On August 9, 2007, the lead plaintiff filed an amended consolidated complaint. As before, the amended consolidated complaint was filed on behalf of all purchasers of the Companys securities between July 28, 2004, and December 12, 2005, including persons who received Company securities in exchange for their shares of Ocular in the January 2005 merger pursuant to which the Company acquired Ocular. In addition to the Company, the amended consolidated complaint names as defendants Messrs. Bender, Weiss, Fruth, Steven M. Neil, the Companys Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Gregory A. Fryling, CooperVisions former President and Chief Operating Officer.
The amended consolidated complaint purports to allege violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 by, among other things, contending that the defendants made misstatements concerning the Biomedics® product line, sales force integration following the merger with Ocular, the impact of silicone hydrogel lenses and financial projections. The amended consolidated complaint also alleges that the Company improperly accounted for assets acquired in the Ocular merger by improperly allocating $100 million of acquired customer relationships and manufacturing technology to goodwill (which is not amortized against earnings) instead of to intangible assets other than goodwill (which are amortized against earnings), that the Company lacked appropriate internal controls and issued false and misleading Sarbanes-Oxley Act certifications.
On October 23, 2007, the Court granted in-part and denied in-part Cooper and the individual defendants motion to dismiss. The Court dismissed the claims relating to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act certifications and the Companys accounting of assets acquired in the Ocular merger. The Court denied the motion as to the claims related to alleged false statements concerning the Biomedics® product line, sales force integration, the impact of silicone hydrogel lenses and the Companys financial projections. On November 28, 2007, the Court also dismissed all claims against Mr. Fruth with leave to amend. Plaintiff did not amend their consolidated amended complaint within the time permitted by the Court. On December 3, 2007, the Company and Messrs. Bender, Weiss, Neil and Fryling answered the amended consolidated complaint. The Company intends to defend this matter vigorously.
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In re Cooper Companies, Inc. Derivative Litigation
On March 17, 2006, Eben Brice filed a purported shareholder derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Case No. 8:06-CV-00300-CJC-RNB, against several current and former officers and directors of the Company. The Company is named as a nominal defendant. Since the filing of the first purported shareholder derivative lawsuit, three similar purported shareholder derivative suits were filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. All four actions have been consolidated under the heading In re Cooper Companies, Inc. Derivative Litigation and the Court selected a lead plaintiff and lead counsel.
On September 11, 2006, plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint. The consolidated amended complaint names as defendants Messrs. Bender, Weiss, Fruth, Marx, Rosenberg, and Fryling. It also names as defendants current directors Michael Kalkstein, Stanley Zinberg, Allan Rubenstein, and one former director. The Company is a nominal defendant. The complaint purports to allege causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, insider trading, breach of contract, and unjust enrichment, and largely repeats the allegations in the class action securities case, described above. The Company and the individual defendants have yet to respond to the consolidated amended complaint.
In addition to the derivative action pending in federal court, three similar purported shareholder actions were filed in the Superior Court for the State of California for the County of Alameda. These actions have been consolidated under the heading In re Cooper Companies, Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, Case Nos. RG06260748. A consolidated amended complaint was filed on September 18, 2006. The consolidated amended complaint names as defendants the same individuals that are in the defendants in the federal derivative action. In addition, the complaint names Ms. Kaufman, Messrs. Fryling, Battin, Calcagno, and current officers Paul L. Remmell, Jeffrey Allan McLean, and Nicholas J. Pichotta. The Company is a nominal defendant. On November 29, 2006, the Superior Court for the County of Alameda entered an order staying the consolidated action pending the resolution of the federal derivative action.
Both the state and federal derivative action are derivative in nature and do not seek damages from the Company.
Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Litigation
On October 5, 2004, Bausch & Lomb Incorporated (Bausch & Lomb) filed a lawsuit against Ocular Sciences, Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York alleging that its Biomedics® toric soft contact lens and its private label equivalents infringe Bausch & Lombs U.S. Patent No. 6,113,236 relating to toric contact lenses having optimized thickness profiles. The complaint seeks an award of damages, including multiple damages, attorneys fees and costs and an injunction preventing the alleged infringement. The parties have filed claim construction briefs for the court to consider for its Markman order, and fact discovery substantially concluded during the first quarter of fiscal 2006. No trial date has been set. Based on our review of the complaint and the patent, as well as other relevant information obtained in discovery, we believe this lawsuit is without merit and plan to continue to pursue a vigorous defense.
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CIBA Vision Litigation
On April 10, 2006, CVI filed a lawsuit against CIBA Vision (CIBA) in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging that CIBA is infringing United States Patent Nos. 6,431,706, 6,923,538, 6,467,903, 6,857,740 and 6,971,746 by, among other things, making, using, selling and offering to sell its O2Optix line of contact lenses. On June 5, 2006, CIBA filed an answer denying infringement and asserting certain affirmative defenses. On July 16, 2007, the Court issued a Markman order construing certain claim terms of the patents. The parties entered into a settlement agreement and cross-license agreement dated November 19, 2007, pursuant to which the claims in this lawsuit and the Delaware and other Texas lawsuits described herein were resolved. The terms of the settlement are confidential and provide for prospective royalty payments by CVI. In accordance with the settlement agreement, the Court entered a stipulated consent judgment on November 26, 2007.
On April 11, 2006, CVI filed a lawsuit against CIBA in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware seeking a judicial declaration that CVIs Biofinity® line of silicone hydrogel contact lenses does not infringe any valid and enforceable claims of United States Patent Nos. 5,760,100, 5,776,999, 5,789,461, 5,849,811, 5,965,631 and 6,951,894. On July 5, 2006, CIBA answered the complaint by denying the allegation that CVIs Biofinity® line of silicone hydrogel contact lenses does not infringe any valid and enforceable claims of the foregoing patents. The answer also asks the Court for permission to interpose a counterclaim for infringement in the future if, after examination of the lenses, CIBA believes they infringe the foregoing patents, which counterclaim would seek both damages and injunctive relief. The parties entered into a settlement agreement and cross-license agreement dated November 19, 2007, pursuant to which the claims in this lawsuit and the Texas lawsuits described herein were resolved. The terms of the settlement are confidential and provide for prospective royalty payments by CVI. In accordance with the settlement agreement, the Court entered a stipulated consent judgment on November 21, 2007.
On November 21, 2006, CVI filed a lawsuit against CIBA in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging that CIBA is infringing United States Patent Nos. 7,134,753 and 7,133,174 by, among other things, making, using, selling and offering to sell its O2Optix toric line of contact lenses. On December 11, 2006, CIBA filed an answer denying infringement and asserting certain affirmative defenses. On July 16, 2007, the Court issued a Markman order construing certain claim terms of the patents. The parties entered into a settlement agreement and cross-license agreement dated November 19, 2007, pursuant to which the claims in this lawsuit and the Delaware and other Texas lawsuits described herein were resolved. The terms of the settlement are confidential and provide for prospective royalty payments by CVI. In accordance with the settlement agreement, the Court entered a stipulated consent judgment on November 26, 2007.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company did not submit any matters to a vote of the Companys security holders.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
Our common stock, par value $0.10 per share, is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol COO. In the table that follows, we indicate the high and low selling prices of our common stock for each three-month period of 2007 and 2006:
Quarterly Common Stock Price Range Years Ended October 31, |
2007 |
2006 | ||||||||||
High |
Low |
High |
Low | |||||||||
Fiscal Quarter Ended |
||||||||||||
January 31 |
$ | 58.27 | $ | 42.75 | $ | 74.32 | $ | 44.75 | ||||
April 30 |
$ | 51.75 | $ | 43.90 | $ | 56.80 | $ | 49.50 | ||||
July 31 |
$ | 56.56 | $ | 49.81 | $ | 55.02 | $ | 41.85 | ||||
October 31 |
$ | 57.60 | $ | 41.55 | $ | 58.94 | $ | 41.94 |
At November 30, 2007, there were 696 common stockholders of record.
Dividend Policy
Our current policy is to pay annual cash dividends on our common stock of $0.06 per share, in two semiannual payments of $0.03 each. In dollar terms, we paid cash for dividends of about $2.7 million in 2007 and about $2.7 million in 2006.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return on the Companys common stock with the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poors Smallcap 600 Stock Index (which includes the Company) and the Standard & Poors Health Care Equipment Index for the five-year period ended October 31, 2007. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in the Company and in each index was $100 on October 31, 2002, and assumes that all dividends were reinvested.
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COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among The Cooper Companies, Inc., The S&P Smallcap 600 Index
And The S&P Health Care Equipment Index
10/02 |
10/03 |
10/04 |
10/05 |
10/06 |
10/07 | |||||||||||||
The Cooper Companies, Inc. |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 164.27 | $ | 266.28 | $ | 260.81 | $ | 218.62 | $ | 159.52 | ||||||
S&P Smallcap 600 |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 133.58 | $ | 155.99 | $ | 179.81 | $ | 208.76 | $ | 232.86 | ||||||
S&P Health Care Equipment |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 127.53 | $ | 149.57 | $ | 150.13 | $ | 153.07 | $ | 168.78 |
* | $100 invested on 10/31/02 in stock or index-including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending October 31. |
Copyright © 2007, Standard & Poors, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. www.researchdatagroup.com/S&P.htm
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan Category |
Number of Securities to be (A) |
Weighted-Average Exercise (B) |
Number of Securities (C) | ||||
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders(1) |
5,416,734 | $ | 52.96 | 2,479,916 | |||
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders |
| | | ||||
Total |
5,416,734 | $ | 52.96 | 2,479,916 | |||
(1) |
Includes information with respect to the 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Employees of The Cooper Companies, Inc. (2007 Plan) and the 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors of The Cooper Companies, Inc. (the Directors Plan). As of October 31, 2007, 1,992,850 shares of Common Stock remained available for issuance pursuant to the 2007 Plan and 488,266 shares of Common Stock remained available for issuance pursuant to the Directors Plan. The 1988 Long Term Incentive Plan (1988 Plan), the 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan (1998 Plan), the 1996 Long Term Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors and the Second Amended and Restated 2001 Long Term Incentive Plan (2001 Plan) of The Cooper Companies, Inc. The 1988 Plan, 1998 Plan, 1996 Director Plan and 2001 Plan have all expired by their terms, but up to 4,557,717 shares of Common Stock may be issued pursuant to awards that remain outstanding under these plans. |
39
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
Five Year Financial Highlights
Years Ended October 31, | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 | |||||||||||
Consolidated Operations |
||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 950,641 | $ | 858,960 | $ | 806,617 | $ | 490,176 | $ | 411,790 | ||||||
Gross profit |
$ | 519,531 | $ | 525,977 | $ | 496,832 | $ | 315,830 | $ | 265,202 | ||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
$ | 672 | $ | 73,337 | $ | 108,457 | $ | 112,489 | $ | 90,487 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
11,864 | 7,103 | 16,735 | 19,664 | 21,717 | |||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
(11,192 | ) | 66,234 | 91,722 | 92,825 | 68,770 | ||||||||||
Add interest charge applicable to convertible debt, net of tax |
| 2,090 | 2,096 | 2,095 | 726 | |||||||||||
(Loss) income for calculating diluted earnings per share |
$ | (11,192 | ) | $ | 68,324 | $ | 93,818 | $ | 94,920 | $ | 69,496 | |||||
Diluted (loss) earnings per share |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | 1.44 | $ | 2.04 | $ | 2.59 | $ | 2.09 | |||||
Diluted shares excluding shares applicable to convertible debt |
44,707 | 44,979 | 43,393 | 34,023 | 32,274 | |||||||||||
Shares applicable to convertible debt |
| 2,590 | 2,590 | 2,590 | 971 | |||||||||||
Average number of shares used to compute diluted earnings per share |
44,707 | 47,569 | 45,983 | 36,613 | 33,245 | |||||||||||
Dividends paid per share |
$ | 0.06 | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.06 | ||||||
Consolidated Financial Position |
||||||||||||||||
Current assets |
$ | 517,522 | $ | 456,951 | $ | 443,714 | $ | 304,498 | $ | 264,224 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
604,530 | 496,357 | 379,785 | 151,065 | 116,277 | |||||||||||
Goodwill |
1,253,686 | 1,217,084 | 1,169,049 | 310,600 | 282,634 | |||||||||||
Other intangible assets, net |
145,833 | 147,160 | 151,413 | 31,768 | 15,888 | |||||||||||
Other assets |
38,700 | 35,049 | 35,869 | 13,630 | 26,541 | |||||||||||
$ | 2,560,271 | $ | 2,352,601 | $ | 2,179,830 | $ | 811,561 | $ | 705,564 | |||||||
Short-term debt |
$ | 46,514 | $ | 61,366 | $ | 72,260 | $ | 20,871 | $ | 20,658 | ||||||
Other current liabilities |
239,966 | 215,264 | 185,362 | 90,718 | 94,765 | |||||||||||
Long-term debt |
830,116 | 681,286 | 632,652 | 144,865 | 165,203 | |||||||||||
Other liabilities |
20,086 | 16,176 | 16,331 | 10,946 | 2,891 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities |
1,136,682 | 974,092 | 906,605 | 267,400 | 283,517 | |||||||||||
Stockholders equity |
1,423,589 | 1,378,509 | 1,273,225 | 544,161 | 422,047 | |||||||||||
$ | 2,560,271 | $ | 2,352,601 | $ | 2,179,830 | $ | 811,561 | $ | 705,564 | |||||||
In fiscal 2006, Cooper began recording stock option expense in operating income, and in fiscal 2005 Cooper acquired Ocular. We discuss these matters in Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
40
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Note numbers refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We discuss below the results of our operations for fiscal 2007 compared with fiscal 2006 and the results of our operations for fiscal 2006 compared with fiscal 2005. We began recording share-based compensation expense in fiscal 2006 using the modified prospective transition method whereby prior periods are not restated and do not include such expense. We acquired Ocular on January 6, 2005, and include Ocular in our results from that date. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current periods presentation. We discuss our cash flows and current financial condition under Capital Resources and Liquidity.
Outlook
We believe that CVI will continue to compete successfully in the worldwide contact lens market with its disposable spherical, PC Technology and specialty contact lenses. In the U.S., market demographics are favorable, as the teenage population, the age when most contact lens wear begins, is projected to grow considerably over the next two decades. The reported incidence of myopia continues to increase worldwide. CVI expects greater market penetration in Europe and Asia as practitioners increasingly prescribe more specialty lenses.
We are in the process of developing and launching a number of new contact lens products that we believe will result in CVI continuing to have a broad and competitive product line. New products planned for introduction over the next two years include lenses utilizing silicone hydrogel materials and new lens designs, including multifocal lenses. Contact lenses utilizing silicone hydrogel materials have grown significantly, and this material is a major product material in the industry. The Company has launched Biofinity®, a silicone hydrogel contact lens product, with sales in Europe, the United States and Australia. While initial customer reaction from Biofinity® has been favorable, our future growth may be limited by several critical factors relating to silicone hydrogel materials. We face normal challenges associated with manufacturing a new material on a new manufacturing platform and are incurring additional manufacturing costs as we attempt to ramp up production volumes and improve efficiencies. We believe that our ability to succeed with silicone hydrogel products will be an important factor affecting future levels of sales growth and profitability.
During fiscal 2007, we were engaged in litigation with regard to our silicone hydrogel product and certain lens design patents. In November 2007, we reached a global settlement agreement with CIBA Vision, the eye care unit of Novartis AG, that resolves all disputes with respect to current patent infringement litigation between the companies. Under the terms of the settlement, the companies have agreed to cross license rights to these patents, and CVI agreed to pay a royalty on its future net U.S. contact lens sales of Biofinity® until 2014 and on net sales outside of the United States until 2016.
Our operating results reflect the progression through our integration plan that is designed to optimize operational synergies of our acquisition of Ocular. Integration activities began in January 2005 and are
41
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
expected to continue through mid calendar year 2008 and include integrating duplicate facilities and expanding utilization of preferred manufacturing and distribution practices. Our geographic mix of income changed during 2007, and certain expenses associated with the integration plan impacted jurisdictions with lower tax rates. As a result, our effective tax rate has increased correspondingly.
CSI has built an extensive product portfolio through acquisition and internal development, and we anticipate that CSI will continue to consolidate the womens healthcare market. CSI expects to benefit from favorable demographic trends as the women of the baby-boomer generation are now reaching the age when gynecological procedures that utilize CSI products are performed most frequently.
In November 2006, CSI expanded its hospital market presence by acquiring Lone Star, a manufacturer of medical devices that improve the management of the surgical site and are used in a wide variety of surgical procedures. The acquisition of Lone Star complements CSIs expansion into surgical products that began in November 2005 with the acquisition of NeoSurg Technologies, Inc. (NeoSurg), a manufacturer of a patented combination reusable and disposable trocar access system used in laparoscopic surgery, and Inlet Medical, Inc. (Inlet), a manufacturer of trocar closure systems and pelvic floor reconstruction procedure kits.
Regarding capital resources, we believe that cash and cash equivalents on hand of $3.2 million plus cash from operating activities and existing credit facilities will fund future operations, capital expenditures, cash dividends and smaller acquisitions. We expect capital expenditures in fiscal 2008 of approximately $160 $180 million, primarily to expand silicone hydrogel and single-use lens manufacturing capacity, complete the consolidation of distribution centers and for information technology.
2007 Compared with 2006
Highlights: 2007 vs. 2006
| Net sales up 11% to $950.6 million from $859.0 million in fiscal year 2006. |
| Gross profit down 1%; gross margin decreased to 55% of net sales including production start-up costs and integration and restructuring items, from 61%. |
| Operating income down 59% to $45.9 million from $112.9 million. Operating margin at 5% of net sales including integration and restructuring items. |
| We recorded tax expense of $11.9 million for fiscal year 2007 compared to $7.1 million for fiscal year 2006. |
| Diluted loss per share 25 cents down from earnings per share of $1.44. |
| Results for 2007 include $15.9 million of share-based compensation expenses, $7.2 million write-off of acquired in-process research and development, $34.4 million of production start up costs, $13.4 million of distribution rationalization costs, $52.8 million of other restructuring and integration costs, $10.4 million of intellectual property and securities litigation costs and $0.9 million write-off of the debt issuance costs of our amended and restated credit agreement. Results from 2006 included $66.3 million of similar items. |
42
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
Selected Statistical Information Percentage of Net Sales and Growth
Years Ended October 31, |
2007 |
% Growth |
2006 |
% Growth |
2005 | |||||||
Net sales |
100% | 11% | 100% | 6% | 100% | |||||||
Cost of sales |
45% | 29% | 39% | 7% | 38% | |||||||
Gross profit |
55% | (1% | ) | 61% | 6% | 62% | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative expense |
43% | 14% | 42% | 20% | 37% | |||||||
Research and development expense |
4% | 15% | 4% | (19% | ) | 5% | ||||||
Restructuring costs |
1% | 52% | 1% | (25% | ) | 1% | ||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
2% | 13% | 1% | 22% | 2% | |||||||
Operating income |
5% | (59% | ) | 13% | (17% | ) | 17% | |||||
Net Sales
Coopers two business units, CVI and CSI generate all its sales.
| CVI develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of soft contact lenses for the worldwide vision care market. |
| CSI develops, manufactures and markets medical devices, diagnostic products and surgical instruments and accessories used primarily by gynecologists and obstetricians. |
Our consolidated net sales grew by 11% in 2007 and 6% in 2006. CVI achieved 8% net sales growth primarily on growth of disposable lenses, including single-use lenses, and the launch of a silicone hydrogel lens. CSI achieved 24% net sales growth in 2007 driven by acquisitions and organic growth.
Net Sales Growth
($ in millions) |
2007 vs. 2006 |
2006 vs. 2005 | ||||||||
Business unit |
||||||||||
CVI |
$ | 61.7 | 8% | $ | 36.2 | 5% | ||||
CSI |
$ | 30.0 | 24% | $ | 16.1 | 15% |
CVI Net Sales
Practitioner and patient preferences in the worldwide contact lens market continue to change. The major shifts are from:
| Conventional lenses replaced annually to disposable and frequently replaced lenses. Disposable lenses are designed for either daily, two-week or monthly replacement; frequently replaced lenses are designed for replacement after one to three months. |
| Commodity lenses to specialty lenses including toric, multifocal and cosmetic lenses. |
| Commodity spherical lenses to value-added spherical lenses such as continuous wear lenses and lenses to alleviate dry eye symptoms as well as lenses with aspherical optical properties or higher oxygen permeable lenses such as silicone hydrogels. |
43
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
These shifts generally favor CVIs core product lines of specialty lenses, PC Technology brand spherical lenses, silicone hydrogel spherical lenses and single-use spherical lenses, 70% of CVIs worldwide business. Additionally, it is important that CVI develop a range of silicone hydrogel products. CVI has launched Biofinity®, its silicone hydrogel lens, with sales in Europe, the United States and Australia and is in the process of expanding its manufacturing capacity to grow sales. CVI anticipates launching a second silicone hydrogel spherical lens in April/May 2008 and commencing the marketing of a silicone hydrogel toric lens at the end of calendar 2008.
In addition to CVIs silicone hydrogel lens, during 2007 CVI introduced these new products:
| Biomedics EP, a multifocal lens for emerging presbyopes. |
|
Proclear® 1 Day, a single-use spherical lens. |
|
Proclear® toric multifocal, a lens designed to address both astigmatism and presbyopia. |
Definitions: Contact lens revenue includes sales of conventional, disposable, long-term extended wear lenses and single-use spherical lenses, some of which are aspherically designed, and specialty lenses - toric lenses, cosmetic lenses and multifocal lenses.
| Aspheric lenses correct for near- and farsightedness and have additional optical properties that help improve visual acuity in low light conditions and can correct low levels of astigmatism and low levels of presbyopia, an age-related vision defect. |
| Toric lens designs correct astigmatism by adding the additional optical properties of cylinder and axis, which correct for irregularities in the shape of the cornea. |
| Cosmetic lenses are opaque and color enhancing lenses that alter the natural appearance of the eye. |
| Multifocal lens designs correct presbyopia. |
|
Proclear® lenses, manufactured using proprietary phosphorylcholine (PC) Technology, help enhance tissue/device compatibility and offer improved lens comfort. |
CVI Net Sales by Market
($ in millions) |
2007 |
2006 |
Growth | |||||
Americas |
$ | 360.5 | $ | 351.9 | 2% | |||
Europe |
306.4 | 273.3 | 12% | |||||
Asia Pacific |
129.0 | 109.0 | 18% | |||||
$ | 795.9 | $ | 734.2 | 8% | ||||
CVIs worldwide net sales grew 8%, 5% in constant currency. Americas sales grew 2%, the same in constant currency, primarily due to market gains of multifocal and daily disposable lenses offset by the continued market shift in favor of silicone hydrogel products. European sales grew 12%, 3% in constant currency, driven by significant increases in sales of disposable toric and disposable sphere products. Sales to the Asia Pacific region grew 18%, the same in constant currency, primarily due to significant sales growth of single-use and other sphere products and disposable toric products.
44
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
Net sales growth includes increases in single-use spheres up 29%, at $113.7 million, all disposable spheres up 10% and total spheres up 8%. Biofinity®, CVIs silicone hydrogel spherical lens, had sales of $9.8 million primarily in Europe and the United States. Disposable toric sales grew 13% with total toric sales up 8% and disposable multifocal sales up 25%. CVIs line of specialty lenses grew 10%. Cosmetic lenses grew 5%, and older conventional lens products declined 13%. Proclear® products continued global market share gains as Proclear® toric sales increased 47% to $51.9 million, Proclear® spheres, including Biomedics XC and Proclear® 1 Day, increased 22% to $102.5 million and Proclear® multifocal lenses, including Biomedics XC, increased 52% to $31.8 million.
CVIs sales growth is driven primarily through increases in the volume of lenses sold as the market continues to move to more frequent replacement. While unit growth and product mix have influenced CVIs sales growth, average realized prices by product have not materially influenced sales growth.
CSI Net Sales
CSIs net sales increased 24% to $154.8 million with organic sales growth of about 9%. Sales of products marketed directly to hospitals grew 51% and now represent 27% of CSIs sales. Womens healthcare products used primarily by obstetricians and gynecologists generate more than 94% of CSIs sales. The balance are sales of medical devices outside of womens healthcare which CSI does not actively market. CSIs acquisitions during the year did not significantly affect Coopers consolidated results of operations. While unit growth and product mix have influenced organic sales growth, average realized prices by product have not materially influenced organic sales growth.
2006 Compared with 2005
Highlights: Fiscal Year 2006 vs. Fiscal Year 2005
| Net sales up 6% to $859 million. |
| Gross profit up 6%; gross margin decreased to 61% of net sales including integration and restructuring items. |
| Operating income down 17% to $112.9 million. Operating margin at 13% of net sales including integration and restructuring items. |
| Effective tax rate (provision for income taxes divided by income before income taxes) down to 9.7% from 15.4%. |
| Diluted earnings per share down 29% to $1.44 from $2.04, with a 3% increase in the number of dilutive shares. |
| Results for 2006 include $13.6 million of stock option expenses, $8.9 million in losses and costs associated with phasing out corneal health products and the write-off of associated unrealizable net assets, $7.5 million write-off of acquired in-process research and development, $6.7 million of production start up costs, $10.1 million of distribution rationalization costs, $12.1 million of other restructuring and integration costs, $3.3 million of intellectual property and securities litigation costs and $4.1 million write-off of the debt issuance costs of our amended and restated credit agreement. |
45
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
Selected Statistical Information Percentage of Net Sales and Growth
Years Ended October 31, |
2006 |
% Growth |
2005 |
% Growth |
2004 | ||||||
Net sales |
100% | 6% | 100% | 65% | 100% | ||||||
Cost of sales |
39% | 7% | 38% | 77% | 36% | ||||||
Gross profit |
61% | 6% | 62% | 58% | 64% | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative expense |
42% | 20% | 37% | 55% | 39% | ||||||
Research and development expense |
4% | (19% | ) | 5% | 560% | 1% | |||||
Restructuring costs |
1% | (25% | ) | 1% | | | |||||
Amortization of intangibles |
1% | 22% | 2% | 470% | | ||||||
Operating income |
13% | (17% | ) | 17% | 17% | 24% | |||||
Our consolidated net sales grew by 6% in 2006 and 65% in 2005. CVI achieved 5% net sales growth primarily due to the January 6, 2005 acquisition of Ocular. CSI achieved 15% net sales growth in 2006, driven by acquisitions and organic growth.
Net Sales Growth
($ in millions) |
2006 vs. 2005 |
2005 vs. 2004 | ||||||||
Business unit |
||||||||||
CVI |
$36.2 | 5% | $ | 309.3 | 80% | |||||
CSI |
$ | 16.1 | 15% | $ | 7.2 | 7% |
CSI Net Sales
Womens healthcare products used primarily in obstetricians and gynecologists practices generate over 90% of CSIs revenue. The balance are sales of medical devices outside of womens healthcare where CSI does not actively market. CSIs 2006 sales increased 15%, 6% on an organic basis, to $124.8 million, $16.1 million above 2005. Sales growth was primarily due to Inlet products, acquired on November 1, 2005. While unit growth and product mix influenced organic revenue growth, average realized prices by product did not materially influence such growth. Results of operations of acquired companies are included in our consolidated results beginning on the acquisition date.
CVI Net Sales by Market
($ in millions) |
2006 |
2005 |
Growth | |||||
Americas |
$ | 351.9 | $ | 343.0 | 3% | |||
Europe |
273.3 | 250.1 | 9% | |||||
Asia Pacific |
109.0 | 104.9 | 4% | |||||
$ | 734.2 | $ | 698.0 | 5% | ||||
CVIs worldwide net sales grew 5%, 7% in constant currency. Americas sales grew 3%, 2% in constant currency. European sales grew 9%, 12% in constant currency. Sales to the Asia Pacific region grew 4%, 10% in constant currency.
46
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
CVI Net Sales
Net sales growth includes increases in disposable toric sales up 16%, single-use spheres up 21%, disposable multifocals up 31% and total toric sales up 11%. CVIs core product lines grew 11% and Proclear® products, including Biomedics XC, grew 29%. Proclear® toric sales grew 42%, Proclear® spheres up 15% and Proclear® multifocal lenses up 101%. Total sphere sales excluding single-use lenses declined 3% with total sphere sales up 2%. Single-use sales growth remained below expectations due largely to slower than anticipated acceptance of new products and delays in our transition to the new strip-blister packaging configuration. A majority of our lines have now been converted, and we expect all lines to be converted by February 2007.
Sales growth is driven primarily through increases in the volume of lenses sold as the market continues to move to more frequent replacement. While unit growth and product mix influenced sales growth, average realized prices by product did not materially influence sales growth.
CVI results include Ocular beginning on January 6, 2005, when Cooper acquired Ocular. To present CVIs organic growth, this paragraph discusses reported sales adjusted by adding Oculars net sales of $51.6 million for November 1, 2004, through January 5, 2005, when Cooper did not own Ocular, to CVIs reported net sales of $697.9 million for Coopers fiscal 2005. As so adjusted, organic net sales declined 2%, 1% in constant currency. Americas sales declined 2%, 3% in constant currency, European sales grew 2%, 5% in constant currency, and Asia Pacific sales declined 9%, 4% in constant currency. CVIs core product lines grew 5% with single-use lens growth of 3%. Disposable lens sales were flat with disposable toric sales up 11%, disposable multifocal lens sales up 25% and disposable spheres declining 6%.
CVI New Products and Markets
During calendar 2006 CVI introduced these new products:
|
Biofinity® silicone hydrogel monthly sphere in a limited launch in the United States and selected markets in Asia Pacific. |
|
Biomedics XC disposable sphere, a two-week aspheric lens featuring Proclear® technology, in the United States, Europe and selected markets in Asia Pacific. |
|
A second base curve of Proclear® toric, effectively doubling the number of Proclear® parameters available for astigmatic patients. |
| Single-use sphere in new strip-blister packaging. |
| Single-use toric in Japan. |
| Aspheric, two-week, 55% water content sphere in Japan. |
| Biomedics EP, a multifocal specifically designed for emerging presbyopic patients. |
47
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
2007 Compared to 2006 and 2006 Compared to 2005
Cost of Sales/Gross Profit
Gross Profit Percentage of Net Sales |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 | |||
CVI |
54% | 62% | 62% | |||
CSI |
59% | 58% | 57% | |||
Consolidated |
55% | 61% | 62% |
CVIs margin was 54% in fiscal 2007 compared with 62% in fiscal 2006, as a result of the cost of integration activities and manufacturing inefficiencies related to new products and changing product mix that impacted cost of sales. The changing product mix included a shift to lower margin sphere products, including single-use spheres that represented 14% of lens sales in fiscal 2007 compared to 12% in fiscal 2006. CVIs fiscal 2007 cost of sales includes share-based compensation expense, production start-up costs for our new silicone hydrogel products and the write off of manufacturing assets associated with Ocular integration activities. These costs amounted to $71.4 million or 9% of sales in the period. For 2006, cost of sales included share-based compensation expense, integration costs, production start up costs for our new silicone hydrogel products and profits and losses associated with product lines being phased out, which were about 2% of sales in the period. Manufacturing inefficiencies associated with the ramp up of new products and plant realignment activities are expected to significantly decline in 2008.
CSIs margin improved to 59% in fiscal 2007 compared with 58% in fiscal 2006. Gross margin reflects continuing efficiencies associated with recent acquisitions.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense (SGA)
(In millions) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 | ||||||
CVI |
$ | 322.0 | $ | 284.3 | $ | 243.0 | |||
CSI |
54.5 | 44.7 | 37.9 | ||||||
Headquarters |
31.5 | 28.8 | 17.1 | ||||||
$ | 408.0 | $ | 357.8 | $ | 298.0 | ||||
Consolidated SGA increased by 14% in 2007, 20% in 2006 and 56% in 2005. As a percentage of net sales, consolidated SGA increased to 43% in fiscal 2007 from 42% in 2006 and 37% in 2005. The increase in SGA is primarily due to costs supporting increased sales levels as well as integration costs, including the rationalization of distribution centers, lenses used in marketing programs and litigation costs.
CVIs SGA increased 13% in 2007, primarily due to costs related to the rationalization of distribution centers, lenses used in marketing programs and intellectual property litigation; and 17% in 2006, primarily due to share-based compensation expenses, integration costs and intellectual property litigation costs. SGA as a percentage of net sales increased to 40% in 2007 from 39% in 2006 and 35% in 2005.
48
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
CSIs 2007 SGA increased 22% over 2006, which supported the 24% increase in sales, and 2006 SGA increased 18% over 2005. Selling and marketing costs increased to support organic sales growth and integration costs contributed to the increase partially offset by a $3.2 million gain on the sale of a cardiovascular cryosurgery product line not related to womens healthcare.
Corporate headquarters SGA, which increased 9% to $31.5 million in 2007 and 64% to $28.8 million in 2006, were 3% of consolidated net sales in both periods. The growth in 2007 was primarily due to share-based compensation expense. The growth in 2006 was primarily due to share-based compensation and securities litigation expense. The growth since 2005 includes added costs due to the Ocular acquisition, continued expenses for projects and staff to maintain the Companys global trading arrangement and costs to comply with corporate governance requirements.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development (R&D) expense grew 15% over 2006 and was 4% of sales in both periods and 5% of sales in 2005: $39.9 million in 2007, $34.5 million in 2006 and $42.9 million in 2005. R&D expense included acquired in-process research and development of $7.2 million in 2007 and $7.5 million in 2006 for CSI, and $20.0 million in 2005 for CVI.
CVIs research and development expenditures were $27.6 million, up 17% in 2007, and $23.5 million in 2006, up 19% net of acquired in-process R&D in 2005. CVIs research and development activities include programs to develop disposable silicone hydrogel products and product lines utilizing PC Technology.
CSIs research and development expenditures were $5.1 million, up 45% in 2007, and $3.5 million, up 13% over 2005, net of acquired in-process R&D. CSIs research and development activities were for newly acquired laparoscopic surgical devices and the upgrade and redesign of many CSI osteoporosis, in-vitro fertilization, incontinence and assisted reproductive technology products and other obstetrical and gynecological product development activities.
Restructuring Expense
Restructuring expenses were $9.7 million in 2007, including $9.2 million related to the integration of Ocular and $0.5 million related to CSI integration activities; $6.4 million in 2006, including expenses of CVI related to the integration of Ocular and the phase out of corneal health product lines, and $8.5 million in 2005, resulting from the integration of Ocular with CVI and CSI integration activities.
In connection with the January 6, 2005, acquisition of Ocular, CVI has progressed through our integration plan, optimizing operational synergies of the combined companies. As of October 31, 2007, we have recorded $47.2 million for integration activities that included integrating duplicate facilities and expanding utilization of preferred manufacturing and distribution practices.
We estimate that the total restructuring costs under this integration plan will be approximately $50 million, of which approximately $25 $30 million are cash related and will be reported as charges to cost of sales or restructuring costs in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 3. Acquisition and Restructuring Costs.
49
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
Amortization of Intangibles
Amortization of intangibles was $16.2 million in 2007, $14.3 million in 2006 and $11.7 million in 2005. Amortization expense increased in both fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2006 primarily due to acquired intangible assets, including the addition of $130 million of other intangible assets from Ocular in fiscal 2005.
Operating Income
Operating income declined $89.9 million, or 66%, between 2005 and 2007.
Years Ended October 31, ($ in millions) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||||
CVI |
$ | 57.2 | $ | 126.6 | $ | 135.5 | ||||||
CSI |
20.1 | 15.1 | 17.4 | |||||||||
Headquarters |
(31.4 | ) | (28.8 | ) | (17.1 | ) | ||||||
$ | 45.9 | $ | 112.9 | $ | 135.8 | |||||||
Percent (decline) growth |
(59% | ) | (17% | ) | 17% |
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased 14% to $42.7 million in 2007, 26% to $37.3 million in 2006 and 395% to $29.7 million in 2005. The increases in interest expense are primarily due to higher average debt balances to support capital investments and acquisitions including the acquisition of Ocular in fiscal 2005. We had $717.0 million in loans on our credit facility on October 31, 2007, compared to $605.3 million outstanding on October 31, 2006.
On January 31, 2007, Cooper refinanced its existing $750 million syndicated bank credit facility, which consisted of a $250 million term loan and a $500 million revolving credit facility, with a new $650 million syndicated Senior Unsecured Revolving Line of Credit (Revolver) and $350 million aggregate principal amount 7.125% Senior Notes. The refinancing extended the maturity and provided additional borrowing flexibility along with lower overall pricing relative to the prior agreement. In addition, the Company has the ability from time to time to increase the size of the Revolver by up to an additional $250 million. KeyBank led the Revolver refinancing, which resulted in a number of the banks retaining or increasing their participation in the agreement. The Revolver matures on January 31, 2012.
Interest rates for the Revolver are based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus additional basis points determined by certain ratios of debt to pro forma earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), as defined in the credit agreement. These range from 75 to 150 basis points. As of October 31, 2007, the additional basis points were 125.
50
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
Other (Expense) Income, Net
Years Ended October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 474 | $ | 386 | $ | 1,002 | ||||||
Foreign exchange loss |
(3,047 | ) | (1,417 | ) | (376 | ) | ||||||
Gain on derivative instruments |
| | 1,945 | |||||||||
Other income (expense) |
74 | (1,201 | ) | (223 | ) | |||||||
$ | (2,499 | ) | $ | (2,232 | ) | $ | 2,348 | |||||
In fiscal 2007, we recognized a net loss of about $3.0 million primarily related to the British pound and Euro strengthening against the U.S. dollar.
Provision for Income Taxes
We recorded tax expense of $11.9 million for fiscal year 2007 compared to $7.1 million for fiscal year 2006. Our geographic mix of income changed during 2007, and certain expenses associated with the Ocular integration plan have impacted jurisdictions with lower tax rates; resulting in net operating losses in jurisdictions with lower tax rates and net operating income in jurisdictions with higher tax rates.
Share-Based Compensation Plans
Effective November 1, 2005, the Company began recording compensation expense associated with stock options and other forms of equity compensation in accordance with Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (Revised), Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R). Prior to November 1, 2005, the Company accounted for stock options according to the provisions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), and related interpretations, and, therefore, no related compensation expense was recorded for awards granted with no intrinsic value. The Company adopted the modified prospective transition method provided for under SFAS 123R and, consequently, has not retroactively adjusted results from prior periods. Under this transition method, compensation cost associated with stock options recognized in fiscal 2006 includes: 1) amortization related to the remaining unvested portion of all stock option awards granted prior to November 1, 2005, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123; Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123) and 2) amortization related to all stock option awards granted on or subsequent to November 1, 2005, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R.
51
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
The compensation and related income tax benefit recognized in the Companys consolidated financial statements for stock options and restricted stock awards were as follows:
October 31, (In millions) |
2007 |
2006 | ||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
$ | 12.9 | $ | 13.2 | ||
Cost of products sold |
1.5 | 0.7 | ||||
Research and development expense |
0.7 | 0.3 | ||||
Restructuring expense |
0.8 | | ||||
Capitalized in inventory |
1.8 | 0.5 | ||||
Total compensation |
$ | 17.7 | $ | 14.7 | ||
Related income tax benefit |
$ | 4.3 | $ | 3.2 | ||
Cash received from options exercised under all share-based payment arrangements for fiscal years 2007 and 2006 was $9.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively.
The Company continues to estimate the fair value of each share-based award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. Previously, under SFAS 123, the Company did not utilize separate employee groupings in the determination of option values. The Company now estimates option forfeitures based on historical data for each employee grouping and adjusts the rate to expected forfeitures periodically. The adjustment of the forfeiture rate resulted in a $1.9 million reduction in share-based compensation expense in our fiscal fourth quarter of 2007.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
2007 Highlights
| Operating cash flow $134.0 million, down 11%. |
| Paid acquisition costs of $81.0 million. |
| Expenditures for purchases of property, plant and equipment $183.6 million vs. $142.7 million in 2006. |
Comparative Statistics
Years Ended October 31, ($ in millions) |
2007 |
2006 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 3.2 | $ | 8.2 | ||
Total assets |
$ | 2,560.3 | $ | 2,352.6 | ||
Working capital |
$ | 231.0 | $ | 180.3 | ||
Total debt |
$ | 876.6 | $ | 742.7 | ||
Stockholders equity |
$ | 1,423.6 | $ | 1,378.5 | ||
Ratio of debt to equity |
0.62:1 | 0.54:1 | ||||
Debt as a percentage of total capitalization |
38% | 35% |
52
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
Operating Cash Flows
Cash flow provided from operating activities continued as Coopers major source of liquidity, totaling $134.0 million in fiscal 2007 and $150.5 million in 2006. Operating cash flow decreased as we have utilized cash to build inventory in support of new product launches, for costs associated with our Ocular integration plan and for the reduction of accounts payable.
Working capital increased $50.7 million in fiscal 2007 due to increases of $17.9 million in receivables, $31.4 million in inventory, $12.5 million in prepaid and other current assets, $3.7 million in deferred tax assets and decreases of $14.9 million in short-term debt and $4.7 million in accounts payable. This activity was partially offset as cash decreased $5.0 million and accrued liabilities increased $29.4 million. The significant increase in working capital is primarily due to the refinancing of Coopers credit facility, which reduced the current portion of debt, along with building inventory in support of new product launches, distribution center consolidations and increasing sales levels. In addition, CSIs acquisitions of Lone Star and Wallach increased net working capital and were funded with long-term debt.
At the end of fiscal 2007, Coopers inventory months on hand (MOH) were 5.9 compared to 8.0 at fiscal year-end 2006. However, our adjusted MOH is 7.4, net of $27.3 million of charges to costs of sales recorded in our fiscal fourth quarter 2007 associated with our Ocular integration plan, as we continue to build inventory in support of new product launches and distribution center consolidations. Also, our days sales outstanding (DSO) decreased to 60 days from 63 days at October 31, 2006. Based on our experience and knowledge of our customers and our analysis of inventoried products and product levels, we believe that our accounts receivable and inventories are recoverable.
Investing Cash Flows
The cash outflow of $264.6 million from investing activities was driven by payments of $81.0 million for acquisitions and capital expenditures of $183.6 million, used primarily to expand manufacturing capacity, consolidate distribution centers and continue the rollout of new information systems.
Financing Cash Flows
The cash inflow of $125.1 million from financing activities was driven by net proceeds from long-term debt of $110.8 million, net proceeds from short-term debt of $20.8 million and $9.3 million from the exercise of stock options, partially offset by payment of debt acquisition costs of $13.3 million and dividends on our common stock of $2.7 million paid in the first and third quarters of 2007.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
None.
53
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS
As of October 31, 2007, we had the following contractual obligations and commercial commitments:
Payments Due by Period (In millions) |
2008 |
2009 & 2010 |
2011 & 2012 |
2013 & Beyond | ||||||||
Contractual obligations: |
||||||||||||
Long-term debt |
$ | $ | $ | 367.0 | $ | 463.1 | ||||||
Interest payments on long-term debt |
47.6 | 97.1 | 85.8 | 65.4 | ||||||||
Operating leases |
24.0 | 40.7 | 29.3 | 43.2 | ||||||||
Total contractual obligations |
71.6 | 137.8 | 482.1 | 571.7 | ||||||||
Commercial commitments: |
||||||||||||
Stand-by letters of credit |
0.2 | | | | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 71.8 | $ | 137.8 | $ | 482.1 | $ | 571.7 | ||||
The expected future benefit payments for pension plans through 2017 are disclosed in Note 11. Employee Benefits.
Risk Management
Most of our operations outside the United States have their local currency as their functional currency. We are exposed to risks caused by changes in foreign exchange, principally our pound sterling, Euro, Canadian dollar and Japanese Yen denominated debt and receivables, and from operations in foreign currencies. We have taken steps to minimize our balance sheet exposure. We are also exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates, as the interest rate on our Revolver under our new credit facility varies with the London Interbank Offered Rate. Our significant increase in debt following the acquisition of Ocular has significantly increased the risk associated with changes in interest rates. We have decreased this interest rate risk by hedging approximately $275 million of variable rate debt effectively converting it to fixed rate debt for periods of 23 months to 48 months. See Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
On January 31, 2007, Cooper refinanced its existing $750 million syndicated bank credit facility, which consisted of a $250 million term loan and a $500 million revolving credit facility, with a new $650 million syndicated Senior Unsecured Revolving Line of Credit (Revolver) and $350 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% of Senior Notes. The refinancing extended the maturity and provided additional borrowing flexibility along with lower overall pricing relative to prior agreement. In addition, the Company has the ability from time to time to increase the size of the Revolver by up to an additional $250 million. KeyBank led the Revolver refinancing, which resulted in a number of the banks retaining or increasing their participation in the agreement. The Revolver matures on January 31, 2012. See Note 7. Debt.
Outlook
We believe that cash and cash equivalents on hand of $3.2 million plus cash generated by operating activities and borrowing capacity under our existing credit facilities will fund future operations, capital
54
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
expenditures, cash dividends and smaller acquisitions. At October 31, 2007, we had $282.8 million available under our $650 million syndicated bank credit facility.
Inflation and Changing Prices
Inflation has had no appreciable effect on our operations in the last three fiscal years.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements (SAB 108). In SAB 108, the SEC staff established an approach that requires quantification of financial statement misstatements based on the effects of the misstatements on each of the companys financial statements and the related financial statement disclosures. SAB 108 permits public companies to initially apply its provisions either by (i) restating prior financial statements or (ii) recording the cumulative effect as adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities with an offsetting adjustment recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company implemented SAB 108 during fiscal 2007, and it did not have a significant impact on the Companys results of operations or financial condition.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact SFAS 157, which is effective for the Company beginning in our fiscal year ending October 31, 2009, will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In October 2007, the Company adopted SFAS No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R) (SFAS 158). SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 158, the Company accounted for its defined benefit postretirement plan under SFAS No. 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions (SFAS 87). SFAS 87 required that a liability (minimum pension liability) be recorded when the accumulated benefit obligation liability exceeded the fair value of plan assets. The adjustment to initially apply SFAS 158 was approximately $1.5 million net of tax benefit of about $1.0 million, and was recorded as a non-cash charge to accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders equity. Under SFAS 87, changes in the funded status were disclosed but not immediately recognized; rather they were deferred and recognized ratably over future periods. In addition, SFAS 158 requires that the postretirement plan assets and obligations be measured as of the end of our fiscal year. We plan to adopt the measurement provisions of SFAS 158 in our fiscal year ending October 31, 2009, and are currently evaluating the impact of this provision of SFAS 158 on our consolidated financial statements. See Note 11. Employee Benefits.
55
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (SFAS 159). SFAS 159 provides the option to measure, at fair value, eligible financial instrument items, which are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value. The irrevocable decision to measure items at fair value is made at specified election dates on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Changes in that instruments fair value must be recognized in current earnings in subsequent reporting periods. If elected, the first measurement to fair value is reported as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earning in the year of adoption. SFAS 159 also establishes additional disclosure requirements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements of the adoption of SFAS 159, if we elect to measure eligible financial instruments at fair value. This statement is effective for the Company beginning in our fiscal year ending October 31, 2009.
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48). FIN 48 applies to all tax positions related to income taxes subject to Statement SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS 109). Under FIN 48, a company would recognize the benefit from a tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the position would be sustained upon audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. FIN 48 clarifies how a company would measure the income tax benefits from the tax position that are recognized, provides guidance as to the timing of the derecognition of previously recognized tax benefits and describes the methods for classifying and disclosing the liabilities within the financial statements for any unrecognized tax benefits. FIN 48 also addresses when a company should record interest and penalties related to tax positions and how the interest and penalties may be classified within the income statement and presented in the balance sheet. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. For the Company, FIN 48 will be effective for our fiscal year ending October 31, 2008. Differences between the amounts recognized prior to and after the adoption of FIN 48 would be accounted for as a cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings.
Based on a preliminary analysis, management believes that adoption of FIN 48 will result in recording an increase to retained earnings of between $5 million and $6 million in the fiscal first quarter of 2008. However, the final analysis will be completed in the fiscal first quarter of 2008.
Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
Management estimates and judgments are an integral part of financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). We believe that the critical accounting policies described in this section address the more significant estimates required of management when preparing our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. We consider an accounting estimate critical if changes in the estimate may have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustment to these balances in future periods.
| Revenue recognition We recognize revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned, based on terms of sale with the customer, where persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery has occurred, the sellers price is fixed and determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. For |
56
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
contact lenses as well as CSI medical devices, diagnostic products and surgical instruments and accessories, this primarily occurs upon product shipment, when risk of ownership transfers to our customers. We believe our revenue recognition policies are appropriate in all circumstances, and that our policies are reflective of our customer arrangements. We record, based on historical statistics, estimated reductions to revenue for customer incentive programs offered including cash discounts, promotional and advertising allowances, volume discounts, contractual pricing allowances, rebates and specifically established customer product return programs. While estimates are involved, historically, most of these programs have not been major factors in our business, since a high percentage of our revenue is from direct sales to doctors. The Company records taxes collected from customers on a net basis, as these taxes are not included in revenue. |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts Our reported balance of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represents our estimate of the amount that ultimately will be realized in cash. We review the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, using historical payment trends and the age of the receivables and knowledge of our individual customers. When our analyses indicate, we increase or decrease our allowance accordingly. However, if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, additional allowances may be required. While estimates are involved, bad debts historically have not been a significant factor given the diversity of our customer base, well established historical payment patterns and the fact that patients require satisfaction of healthcare needs in both strong and weak economies. |
| Net realizable value of inventory In assessing the value of inventories, we must make estimates and judgments regarding aging of inventories and other relevant issues potentially affecting the saleable condition of products and estimated prices at which those products will sell. On an ongoing basis, we review the carrying value of our inventory, measuring number of months on hand and other indications of salability, and reduce the value of inventory if there are indications that the carrying value is greater than market. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. While estimates are involved, historically, obsolescence has not been a significant factor due to long product dating and lengthy product life cycles. We target to keep, on average, about seven months of inventory on hand to maintain high customer service levels given the complexity of our specialty lens product portfolio. |
| Valuation of goodwill We account for goodwill and evaluate our goodwill balances and test them for impairment in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142). We no longer amortize goodwill. The SFAS 142 goodwill impairment test is a two-step process. Initially, we compare the book value of net assets to the fair value of each reporting unit that has goodwill assigned to it. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value, a second step is performed to compute the amount of the impairment. The valuation of each of our reporting units is determined using a combination of discounted cash flows, an income valuation approach, and the guideline company method, a market valuation approach. When available and as appropriate, we use comparative market multiples to corroborate fair value results. A reporting unit is the level of reporting at which goodwill is tested for impairment. |
57
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
Our reporting units are the same as our business segments CVI and CSI reflecting the way that we manage our business. We test goodwill for impairment annually during the fiscal third quarter and when an event occurs or circumstances change such that it is reasonably possible that impairment may exist. We performed an impairment test in our fiscal third quarter 2007, and our analysis indicated that we had no impairment of goodwill.
| Business combinations We routinely consummate business combinations. We allocate the purchase price of acquisitions based on our estimates and judgments of the fair value of net assets purchased, acquisition costs incurred and intangibles other than goodwill. On individually significant acquisitions, we utilize independent valuation experts to provide a basis in order to refine the purchase price allocation, if appropriate. Results of operations for acquired companies are included in our consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition. |
| Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and for tax losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we must estimate our income tax expense for each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process requires significant management judgments and involves estimating our current tax exposures in each jurisdiction including the impact, if any, of additional taxes resulting from tax examinations as well as judging the recoverability of deferred tax assets. To the extent recovery of deferred tax assets is not likely based on our estimation of future taxable income in each jurisdiction, a valuation allowance is established. Tax exposures can involve complex issues and may require an extended period to resolve. Frequent changes in tax laws in each jurisdiction complicate future estimates. To determine the quarterly tax rate, we are required to estimate full-year income and the related income tax expense in each jurisdiction. We update the estimated effective tax rate for the effect of significant unusual items as they are identified. Changes in the geographic mix or estimated level of annual pre-tax income can affect the overall effective tax rate, and such changes could be material.
| Share-Based Compensation Effective November 1, 2005, we adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R) as interpreted by SEC SAB No. 107, using the modified prospective transition method. Prior periods have not been restated. See Note 10. Stock Plans for a further description of the impact of the adoption of SFAS 123R and the Companys share-based compensation plans. |
Under the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123R, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period. Determining the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating Coopers stock price volatility, employee stock option exercise behaviors and employee option forfeiture rates.
58
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations (Continued)
The expected life of the share-based awards is based on the observed and expected time to post-vesting forfeiture and/or exercise. Groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected volatility is based on implied volatility from publicly-traded options on the Companys stock at the date of grant, historical implied volatility of the Companys publicly-traded options, historical volatility and other factors. The risk-free interest rate is based on the continuous rates provided by the U.S. Treasury with a term equal to the expected life of the award. The dividend yield is based on the projected annual dividend payment per share, divided by the stock price at the date of grant.
As share-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience.
If factors change and the Company employs different assumptions in the application of SFAS 123R, the compensation expense that it records in future periods may differ significantly from what it has recorded in the current period. In 2005, prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company valued its share-based compensation using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), and related interpretations.
59
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk.
Note numbers refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Company is exposed to market risks that relate principally to changes in interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations. The Companys policy is to minimize, to the extent reasonable and practical, its exposure to the impact of changing interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations by entering into interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward exchange contracts, respectively. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instrument transactions for speculative purposes. Additional information for this item is incorporated by reference to Derivatives in Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and in Note 8. Financial Instruments.
Long-term Debt
Total debt increased to $876.6 million at October 31, 2007, from $742.7 million at October 31, 2006. Long-term debt includes $350 million of senior notes issued in fiscal 2007 and $115 million of convertible senior debentures issued in fiscal year 2003 (see Note 7. Debt).
October 31, (In millions) |
2007 |
2006 | ||||
Short-term debt |
$ | 46.5 | $ | 61.4 | ||
Long-term debt |
830.1 | 681.3 | ||||
Total |
$ | 876.6 | $ | 742.7 | ||
As of October 31, 2007, the scheduled maturities of the Companys fixed and variable rate long-term debt obligations (excluding immaterial capitalized leases), their weighted average interest rates and their estimated fair values were as follows:
Expected Maturity Date Fiscal Year ($ in millions) |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
There- after |
Total |
Fair Value | ||||||||||||
Long-term debt: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed interest rate |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | 463.1 | $ | 463.1 | $ | 474.7 | |||||||||
Average interest rate |
6.0% | |||||||||||||||||||
Variable interest rate |
$ | $ | $ | $ | $ | 367.0 | $ | $ | 367.0 | $ | 367.0 | |||||||||
Average interest rate |
5.3% | 5.3% | 5.9% | 6.5% | 6.6% | % |
As the table incorporates only those exposures that existed as of October 31, 2007, it does not consider those exposures or positions which could arise after that date. As a result, our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on interest rates, the exposures that arise during the period and our hedging strategies at that time. We entered into interest rate swaps designed to fix the borrowing costs related to $525 million of the Companys syndicated bank credit facility and subsequently reduced the notional amount of interest rate swaps to $275 million as of October 31, 2007. If interest rates were to increase or decrease by 1% or 100 basis points, interest expense on our variable rate debt would increase or decrease by approximately $900 thousand annually.
60
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
The Cooper Companies, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Cooper Companies, Inc. and subsidiaries as of October 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2007. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The Cooper Companies, Inc. and subsidiaries as of October 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, effective October 31, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans an amendment of FASB Statements Nos. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R). Also, as discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, effective November 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No 123(R), Share-Based Payment, applying the modified prospective method.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), The Cooper Companies, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated December 21, 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
San Francisco, California
December 21, 2007
61
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
The Cooper Companies, Inc.:
We have audited The Cooper Companies, Inc. and subsidiaries internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Companys management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, The Cooper Companies, Inc. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of The Cooper Companies, Inc. and subsidiaries as of October 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2007, and our report dated December 21, 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
San Francisco, California
December 21, 2007
62
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years Ended October 31, (In thousands, except per share amounts) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 950,641 | $ | 858,960 | $ | 806,617 | |||||
Cost of sales |
431,110 | 332,983 | 309,785 | ||||||||
Gross profit |
519,531 | 525,977 | 496,832 | ||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expense |
407,951 | 357,842 | 297,953 | ||||||||
Research and development expense |
39,858 | 34,547 | 42,879 | ||||||||
Restructuring costs |
9,674 | 6,385 | 8,462 | ||||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
16,194 | 14,303 | 11,704 | ||||||||
Operating income |
45,854 | 112,900 | 135,834 | ||||||||
Interest expense |
42,683 | 37,331 | 29,725 | ||||||||
Other expense (income), net |
2,499 | 2,232 | (2,348 | ) | |||||||
Income before income taxes |
672 | 73,337 | 108,457 | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
11,864 | 7,103 | 16,735 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (11,192 | ) | $ | 66,234 | $ | 91,722 | ||||
Basic (loss) earnings per share |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | 1.49 | $ | 2.18 | ||||
Diluted (loss) earnings per share |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | 1.44 | $ | 2.04 | ||||
Number of shares used to compute earning per share: |
|||||||||||
Basic |
44,707 | 44,522 | 42,021 | ||||||||
Diluted |
44,707 | 47,569 | 45,983 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
63
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 |
||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 3,226 | $ | 8,224 | ||||
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $6,194 and $5,523 at October 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively |
164,493 | 146,584 | ||||||
Inventories |
267,914 | 236,512 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets |
23,395 | 19,659 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
58,494 | 45,972 | ||||||
Total current assets |
517,522 | 456,951 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, at cost |
797,038 | 637,428 | ||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |
192,508 | 141,071 | ||||||
604,530 | 496,357 | |||||||
Goodwill |
1,253,686 | 1,217,084 | ||||||
Other intangibles, net |
145,833 | 147,160 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets |
20,015 | 21,479 | ||||||
Other assets |
18,685 | 13,570 | ||||||
$ | 2,560,271 | $ | 2,352,601 | |||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Short-term debt |
$ | 46,514 | $ | 23,516 | ||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
| 37,850 | ||||||
Accounts payable |
61,377 | 66,080 | ||||||
Employee compensation and benefits |
33,772 | 29,755 | ||||||
Accrued acquisition costs |
10,303 | 36,901 | ||||||
Accrued income taxes |
40,322 | 28,534 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities |
94,192 | 53,994 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
286,480 | 276,630 | ||||||
Long-term debt |
830,116 | 681,286 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
10,678 | 9,494 | ||||||
Accrued pension liability and other |
9,408 | 6,682 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
1,136,682 | 974,092 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 12) |
||||||||
Stockholders equity: |
||||||||
Preferred stock, 10 cents par value, shares authorized: |
||||||||
1,000; zero shares issued or outstanding |
| | ||||||
Common stock, 10 cents par value, shares authorized: |
||||||||
70,000; issued 45,253 and 44,966 at October 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively |
4,525 | 4,497 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
1,018,949 | 993,713 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
71,882 | 38,711 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
334,127 | 348,000 | ||||||
Treasury stock at cost: 384 and 418 shares at October 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively |
(5,894 | ) | (6,412 | ) | ||||
Stockholders equity |
1,423,589 | 1,378,509 | ||||||
$ | 2,560,271 | $ | 2,352,601 | |||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
64
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (11,192 | ) | $ | 66,234 | $ | 91,722 | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
(3,943 | ) | (971 | ) | 2,670 | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
84,511 | 61,647 | 48,638 | |||||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts |
1,003 | 1,233 | 1,922 | |||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
16,274 | 14,243 | | |||||||||
In-process research and development expense |
7,157 | 7,500 | 20,000 | |||||||||
Impairment of property, plant and equipment |
7,995 | 3,247 | 3,245 | |||||||||
Change in operating assets and liabilities excluding effects from acquisitions: |
||||||||||||
Receivables |
(17,049 | ) | 5,643 | (2,882 | ) | |||||||
Inventories |
(27,676 | ) | (49,374 | ) | (13,596 | ) | ||||||
Other assets |
12,036 | 15,535 | (1,661 | ) | ||||||||
Accounts payable |
13,758 | 17,534 | 10,554 | |||||||||
Accrued liabilities |
40,704 | 1,503 | 6,990 | |||||||||
Income taxes payable |
7,536 | 4,724 | 13,838 | |||||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
2,870 | 1,811 | 2,403 | |||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities |
133,984 | 150,509 | 183,843 | |||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired |
(80,969 | ) | (67,953 | ) | (627,006 | ) | ||||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
(183,625 | ) | (142,657 | ) | (117,093 | ) | ||||||
Sale of marketable securities and other |
| | 1,779 | |||||||||
Cash used by investing activities |
(264,594 | ) | (210,610 | ) | (742,320 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from long-term line of credit |
1,212,350 | 801,350 | 785,000 | |||||||||
Repayment of long-term line of credit |
(1,100,650 | ) | (753,300 | ) | (277,625 | ) | ||||||
Acquisition costs of long-term line of credit |
(13,259 | ) | (625 | ) | (7,697 | ) | ||||||
Principal proceeds (payments) on long-term obligations, net |
(866 | ) | 9 | (2,173 | ) | |||||||
Net borrowings (repayments) under short-term agreements |
20,820 | (10,465 | ) | 31,427 | ||||||||
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation arrangements |
176 | | | |||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
9,258 | 3,020 | 25,163 | |||||||||
Dividends on common stock |
(2,681 | ) | (2,671 | ) | (2,306 | ) | ||||||
Cash provided by financing activities |
125,148 | 37,318 | 551,789 | |||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
464 | 181 | (1,854 | ) | ||||||||
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
(4,998 | ) | (22,602 | ) | (8,542 | ) | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
8,224 | 30,826 | 39,368 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
$ | 3,226 | $ | 8,224 | $ | 30,826 | ||||||
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |
||||||||||||
Cash paid (received) for: |
||||||||||||
Interest, net of amounts capitalized |
$ | 49,492 | $ | 31,499 | $ | 26,551 | ||||||
Income taxes |
$ | 3,843 | $ | (453 | ) | $ | 2,790 | |||||
On January 6, 2005, The Cooper Companies, Inc. acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Ocular Sciences, Inc. The aggregate consideration paid for the stock of Ocular was about $1.2 billon plus transaction costs, less acquired cash and cash equivalents.
Year Ended October 31, 2005 (In thousands) |
||||||||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |
||||||||
Ocular Sciences, Inc. acquisition: |
||||||||
Fair value of assets acquired |
$ | 1,367,604 | ||||||
Less: |
||||||||
Cash paid |
(605,250 | ) | ||||||
Company stock issued |
(622,912 | ) | ||||||
Liabilities assumed and acquisition costs accrued |
$ | 139,442 | ||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
65
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity and Comprehensive Income
(In thousands) |
Common Shares |
Treasury Stock |
Additional Capital |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
Retained Earnings |
Treasury Stock |
Total Stockholders Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 31, 2004 |
32,751 | $ | 3,275 | 585 | $ | 59 | $ | 327,811 | $ | 26,971 | $ | 195,021 | $ | (8,976 | ) | $ | 544,161 | |||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | | | | 91,722 | | 91,722 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
| | | | | (16,427 | ) | | | (16,427 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Change in value of derivative instruments, net of tax of $1,877 |
| | | | | 3,616 | | | 3,616 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional minimum pension liability, net of tax benefit of $1,723 |
| | | | | (56 | ) | | | (56 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities |
| | | | | 10 | | | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
78,865 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock related to Ocular Sciences, Inc. acquisition |
10,671 | 1,067 | | | 621,845 | | | | 622,912 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
1,001 | 100 | (112 | ) | (11 | ) | 23,347 | | | 1,727 | 25,163 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options |
| | | | 3,881 | | | | 3,881 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on common stock |
| | | | | | (2,306 | ) | | (2,306 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock/stock option amortization and share issuance |
8 | 1 | (8 | ) | (1 | ) | 433 | | | 116 | 549 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 31, 2005 |
44,431 | $ | 4,443 | 465 | $ | 47 | $ | 977,317 | $ | 14,114 | $ | 284,437 | $ | (7,133 | ) | $ | 1,273,225 | |||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | | | | 66,234 | | 66,234 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
| | | | | 22,923 | | | 22,923 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in value of derivative instruments, net of tax benefit of $132 |
| | | | | (836 | ) | | | (836 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Additional minimum pension liability, net of tax of $1,250 |
| | | | | 2,510 | | | 2,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
90,831 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
108 | 11 | (39 | ) | (4 | ) | 2,415 | | | 598 | 3,020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment of tax benefit from exercise of stock options |
| | | | (591 | ) | | | | (591 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on common stock |
| | | | | | (2,671 | ) | | (2,671 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock option expense |
| | | | 14,092 | | | | 14,092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock/stock option amortization and share issuance |
9 | 1 | (8 | ) | (1 | ) | 480 | | | 123 | 603 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 31, 2006 |
44,548 | $ | 4,455 | 418 | $ | 42 | $ | 993,713 | $ | 38,711 | $ | 348,000 | $ | (6,412 | ) | $ | 1,378,509 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | | | | (11,192 | ) | | (11,192 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
| | | | | 42,738 | | | 42,738 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in value of derivative instruments, net of tax benefit of $2,335 |
| | | | | (8,072 | ) | | | (8,072 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
| | | | | | | | 23,474 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to initially apply SFAS 158, net of tax benefit of $957 |
| | | | | (1,495 | ) | | | (1,495 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
321 | 32 | (34 | ) | (4 | ) | 8,373 | | | 518 | 8,919 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options |
| | | | 339 | | | | 339 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends on common stock |
| | | | | | (2,681 | ) | | (2,681 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock option expense |
| | | | 16,095 | | | | 16,095 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted stock/stock option amortization and share issuance |
| | | | 429 | | | | 429 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at October 31, 2007 |
44,869 | $ | 4,487 | 384 | $ | 38 | $ | 1,018,949 | $ | 71,882 | $ | 334,127 | $ | (5,894 | ) | $ | 1,423,589 | |||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
66
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
General
The Cooper Companies, Inc. (Cooper or the Company) markets, develops and manufactures healthcare products through its two business units:
| CVI develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of soft contact lenses for the worldwide vision care market. |
| CSI develops, manufactures and markets medical devices, diagnostic products and surgical instruments and accessories used primarily by gynecologists and obstetricians. |
We use derivatives to reduce market risks associated with changes in foreign exchange and interest rates. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We believe that the counterparties with which we enter into forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements are financially sound and that the credit risk of these contracts is negligible.
Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
Management estimates and judgments are an integral part of financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). We believe that the critical accounting policies described in this section address the more significant estimates required of management when preparing our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. We consider an accounting estimate critical if changes in the estimate may have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustment to these balances in future periods.
| Revenue recognition We recognize revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned, based on terms of sale with the customer, where persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery has occurred, the sellers price is fixed and determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. For contact lenses as well as CSI medical devices, diagnostic products and surgical instruments and accessories, this primarily occurs upon product shipment, when risk of ownership transfers to our customers. We believe our revenue recognition policies are appropriate in all circumstances, and that our policies are reflective of our customer arrangements. We record, based on historical statistics, estimated reductions to revenue for customer incentive programs offered including cash discounts, promotional and advertising allowances, volume discounts, contractual pricing allowances, rebates and specifically established customer product return programs. While estimates are involved, historically, most of these programs have not been major factors in our business, since a high percentage of our revenue is from direct sales to doctors. The Company records taxes collected from customers on a net basis, as these taxes are not included in revenue. |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts Our reported balance of accounts receivable, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represents our estimate of the amount that ultimately will be realized in cash. We review the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, using historical payment trends and the age of the receivables and knowledge of our individual customers. When our analyses indicate, we increase or decrease our allowance |
67
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
accordingly. However, if the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, additional allowances may be required. While estimates are involved, bad debts historically have not been a significant factor given the diversity of our customer base, well established historical payment patterns and the fact that patients require satisfaction of healthcare needs in both strong and weak economies. |
| Net realizable value of inventory In assessing the value of inventories, we must make estimates and judgments regarding aging of inventories and other relevant issues potentially affecting the saleable condition of products and estimated prices at which those products will sell. On an ongoing basis, we review the carrying value of our inventory, measuring number of months on hand and other indications of salability, and reduce the value of inventory if there are indications that the carrying value is greater than market. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. While estimates are involved, historically, obsolescence has not been a significant factor due to long product dating and lengthy product life cycles. We target to keep, on average, about seven months of inventory on hand to maintain high customer service levels given the complexity of our specialty lens product portfolio. |
| Valuation of goodwill We account for goodwill and evaluate our goodwill balances and test them for impairment in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142). We no longer amortize goodwill. The SFAS 142 goodwill impairment test is a two-step process. Initially, we compare the book value of net assets to the fair value of each reporting unit that has goodwill assigned to it. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value, a second step is performed to compute the amount of the impairment. The valuation of each of our reporting units is determined using a combination of discounted cash flows, an income valuation approach, and the guideline company method, a market valuation approach. When available and as appropriate, we use comparative market multiples to corroborate fair value results. A reporting unit is the level of reporting at which goodwill is tested for impairment. |
Our reporting units are the same as our business segments CVI and CSI reflecting the way that we manage our business. We test goodwill for impairment annually during the fiscal third quarter and when an event occurs or circumstances change such that it is reasonably possible that impairment may exist. We performed an impairment test in our third fiscal quarter 2007, and our analysis indicated that we had no impairment of goodwill.
| Business combinations We routinely consummate business combinations. We allocate the purchase price of acquisitions based on our estimates and judgments of the fair value of net assets purchased, acquisition costs incurred and intangibles other than goodwill. On individually significant acquisitions, we utilize independent valuation experts to provide a basis in order to refine the purchase price allocation, if appropriate. Results of operations for acquired companies are included in our consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition. |
| Income taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and for tax losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and |
68
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we must estimate our income tax expense for each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process requires significant management judgments and involves estimating our current tax exposures in each jurisdiction including the impact, if any, of additional taxes resulting from tax examinations as well as judging the recoverability of deferred tax assets. To the extent recovery of deferred tax assets is not likely based on our estimation of future taxable income in each jurisdiction, a valuation allowance is established. Tax exposures can involve complex issues and may require an extended period to resolve. Frequent changes in tax laws in each jurisdiction complicate future estimates. To determine the quarterly tax rate, we are required to estimate full-year income and the related income tax expense in each jurisdiction. We update the estimated effective tax rate for the effect of significant unusual items as they are identified. Changes in the geographic mix or estimated level of annual pre-tax income can affect the overall effective tax rate, and such changes could be material.
| Share-Based Compensation Effective November 1, 2005, we adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R) as interpreted by SEC SAB No. 107, using the modified prospective transition method. Prior periods have not been restated. See Note 10. Stock Plans for a further description of the impact of the adoption of SFAS 123R and the Companys share-based compensation plans. |
Under the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123R, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the vesting period. Determining the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date requires judgment, including estimating Coopers stock price volatility, employee stock option exercise behaviors and employee option forfeiture rates.
The expected life of the share-based awards is based on the observed and expected time to post-vesting forfeiture and/or exercise. Groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected volatility is based on implied volatility from publicly-traded options on the Companys stock at the date of grant, historical implied volatility of the Companys publicly-traded options, historical volatility and other factors. The risk-free interest rate is based on the continuous rates provided by the U.S. Treasury with a term equal to the expected life of the award. The dividend yield is based on the projected annual dividend payment per share, divided by the stock price at the date of grant.
As share-based compensation expense recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount of expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience.
69
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
If factors change and the Company employs different assumptions in the application of SFAS 123R, the compensation expense that it records in future periods may differ significantly from what it has recorded in the current period. In 2005, prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company valued its share-based compensation using the intrinsic value method under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25), and related interpretations.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the SEC staff issued SAB No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements (SAB 108). In SAB 108, the SEC staff established an approach that requires quantification of financial statement misstatements based on the effects of the misstatements on each of the companys financial statements and the related financial statement disclosures. SAB 108 permits public companies to initially apply its provisions either by (i) restating prior financial statements or (ii) recording the cumulative effect as adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities with an offsetting adjustment recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company implemented SAB 108 during fiscal 2007, and it did not have a significant impact on the Companys results of operations or financial condition.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact SFAS 157, which is effective for the Company beginning in our fiscal year ending October 31, 2009, will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In October 2007, the Company adopted SFAS No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R) (SFAS 158). SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 158, the Company accounted for its defined benefit postretirement plan under SFAS No. 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions (SFAS 87). SFAS 87 required that a liability (minimum pension liability) be recorded when the accumulated benefit obligation liability exceeded the fair value of plan assets. The adjustment to initially apply SFAS 158 was approximately $1.5 million net of tax benefit of about $1.0 million, and was recorded as a non-cash charge to accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders equity. Under SFAS 87, changes in the funded status were disclosed but not immediately recognized; rather they were deferred and recognized ratably over future periods. In addition, SFAS 158 requires that the postretirement plan assets and obligations be measured as of the end of our fiscal year. We plan to adopt the measurement provisions of SFAS 158 in our fiscal year ending October 31, 2009, and are currently evaluating the impact of this provision of SFAS 158 on our consolidated financial statements. See Note 11. Employee Benefits.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (SFAS 159). SFAS 159 provides the option to measure, at fair value, eligible financial instrument items, which are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value. The irrevocable decision to measure items at fair value is made at specified election dates on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Changes in that instruments
70
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
fair value must be recognized in current earnings in subsequent reporting periods. If elected, the first measurement to fair value is reported as a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earning in the year of adoption. SFAS 159 also establishes additional disclosure requirements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements of the adoption of SFAS 159, if we elect to measure eligible financial instruments at fair value. This statement is effective for the Company beginning in our fiscal year ending October 31, 2009.
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48). FIN 48 applies to all tax positions related to income taxes subject to Statement SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS 109). Under FIN 48, a company would recognize the benefit from a tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the position would be sustained upon audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. FIN 48 clarifies how a company would measure the income tax benefits from the tax position that are recognized, provides guidance as to the timing of the derecognition of previously recognized tax benefits and describes the methods for classifying and disclosing the liabilities within the financial statements for any unrecognized tax benefits. FIN 48 also addresses when a company should record interest and penalties related to tax positions and how the interest and penalties may be classified within the income statement and presented in the balance sheet. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. For the Company, FIN 48 will be effective for our fiscal year ending October 31, 2008. Differences between the amounts recognized prior to and after the adoption of FIN 48 would be accounted for as a cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings.
Consolidation
The financial statements in this report include the accounts of all of Coopers consolidated entities. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current years presentation.
Foreign Currency Translation
Most of our operations outside the United States use their local currency as their functional currency. We translate these assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. We translate income and expense accounts at weighted average rates for each year. We record gains and losses from the translation of financial statements in foreign currencies into U.S. dollars in other comprehensive income. We record gains and losses from changes in exchange rates on transactions denominated in currencies other than each reporting locations functional currency in net income for each period. Net foreign exchange losses included in other income for the years ended October 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were $3.0 million, $1.4 million and $376,000, respectively.
Derivatives
We use derivatives to reduce market risks associated with changes in foreign exchange and interest rates. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. We believe that the counterparties
71
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
with which we enter into forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements are financially sound and that the credit risk of these contracts is negligible.
Litigation
We are subject to various claims and contingencies relating to litigation arising out of the normal course of business. If we believe the likelihood of an adverse legal outcome is probable and the amount is estimable we accrue a liability in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (SFAS 5). We consult with legal counsel on matters related to litigation and seek input from other experts both within and outside the Company with respect to matters in the ordinary course of business.
Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets held and used, intangible assets with finite useful lives and assets held for sale for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If an evaluation of recoverability is required, the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with the asset are compared to the assets carrying amount to determine if a write-down is required. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. If management has committed to a plan to dispose of long-lived assets, the assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs to sell.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include short-term income producing investments with maturity dates of three months or less. These investments are readily convertible to cash and are carried at cost, which approximates market value.
Inventories
October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 | ||||
Raw materials |
$ | 37,754 | $ | 31,368 | ||
Work-in-process |
11,044 | 19,774 | ||||
Finished goods |
219,116 | 185,370 | ||||
$ | 267,914 | $ | 236,512 | |||
Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or market. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost, on a first-in, first-out basis.
72
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Property, Plant and Equipment
October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 |
||||||
Land and improvements |
$ | 1,984 | $ | 1,866 | ||||
Buildings and improvements |
140,005 | 90,245 | ||||||
Machinery and equipment |
655,049 | 545,317 | ||||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation |
(192,508 | ) | (141,071 | ) | ||||
$ | 604,530 | $ | 496,357 | |||||
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to write off depreciable assets over their estimated useful lives. We amortize leasehold improvements over their estimated useful lives or the period of the related lease, whichever is shorter. We depreciate buildings over 35 to 40 years and machinery and equipment over 3 to 15 years.
We expense costs for maintenance and repairs and capitalize major replacements, renewals and betterments. We eliminate the cost and accumulated depreciation of depreciable assets retired or otherwise disposed of from the asset and accumulated depreciation accounts and reflect any gains or losses in operations for the period. For the years ended October 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, we had impairments of property, plant and equipment of $8.0 million, $3.2 million and $3.2 million, respectively, reported in cost of sales or operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Earnings Per Share
We determine basic earnings per share (EPS) by using the weighted average number of shares outstanding. We determine diluted EPS by increasing the weighted average number of shares outstanding in the denominator by the number of outstanding dilutive equity awards using the treasury stock method. We use the if-converted method to include in the denominator the number of shares of common stock contingently issuable pursuant to the convertible debentures and we adjust the numerator to add back the after-tax amount of interest recognized in the period associated with the convertible debentures. The numerator and denominator are only adjusted when the impact is dilutive (see Note 5. Earnings Per Share).
Treasury Stock
The Company records treasury stock purchases under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. As of October 31, 2007 and 2006, the number of shares in treasury was 384,285 and 418,035, respectively. No shares were purchased during the years ended October 31, 2007 and 2006.
Note 2. Acquisitions
The results of operations for acquired companies are included in our consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition.
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THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Wallach: On February 22, 2007, CSI acquired all of the outstanding shares of Wallach Surgical Devices, Inc. (Wallach). Wallachs products consist of various diagnostic and therapeutic medical instruments primarily for in-office use in womens healthcare and other specialty instruments relating to dermatology, ophthalmology, anesthesiology, dentistry and veterinary medicine.
We paid $20.0 million in cash for Wallach and have ascribed $14.9 million to goodwill, $1.6 million to working capital (including acquisition costs of $1.5 million), $6.5 million to trademarks and customer relationships with a weighted average estimated useful life of 5 years, $0.3 million to property, plant and equipment and $3.3 million to deferred tax liability. A valuation of the business using income approach valuation methodology was performed.
Lone Star: On November 2, 2006, Cooper acquired all of the outstanding shares of Lone Star Medical Products, Inc. (Lone Star), a manufacturer of medical devices that improve the management of the surgical site, most notably the Lone Star Retractor System, which places a retraction ring around the surgical incision providing greater exposure of the surgical field.
We paid $27.2 million in cash for Lone Star and have ascribed $19.7 million to goodwill, $0.7 million to working capital (including acquisition costs of $1.1 million), $7.6 million to trademarks and customer relationships with a weighted average estimated useful life of 7 years, $4.3 million to property, plant and equipment and $2.9 million to deferred tax liability, and we assumed $2.2 million of long-term debt. The debt was repaid shortly after closing. A valuation of the business using income approach valuation methodology was performed.
Inlet: On November 1, 2005, Cooper purchased Inlet Medical, Inc. (Inlet), a manufacturer of trocar closure systems and pelvic floor reconstruction procedure kits. Inlet offers a cost-effective trocar wound closure system and supplies procedure kits for the treatment of pelvic support problems.
We paid $38.1 million in cash for Inlet. We ascribed $31.5 million to goodwill, a negative $0.9 million to working capital (including acquisition costs of $1.8 million and $0.8 million of deferred tax liabilities), $7.4 million to other intangible assets and $0.1 million to property, plant and equipment. A valuation of the business using income approach valuation methodology was performed.
NeoSurg: On November 21, 2005, Cooper acquired NeoSurg Technologies, Inc. (NeoSurg) for $21.6 million in cash. NeoSurg has developed a patented combination reusable and disposable trocar access system to compete in the trocar market within the market for laparoscopic surgical devices.
We ascribed $14.4 million to goodwill, $1.4 million to other intangible assets, $7.5 million to in-process research and development, and negative $1.7 million to working capital (including acquisition costs of $1.4 million, deferred tax assets of $1.3 million and a transaction fee of $1.5 million). A valuation of the business using income approach valuation methodology was performed.
Ocular: On January 6, 2005, Cooper acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Ocular Sciences, Inc. (Ocular), a global manufacturer and marketer of soft contact lenses, primarily spherical and daily disposable contact lenses that are brand and product differentiated by customer and distribution channel. The aggregate consideration paid for the stock of Ocular was about $1.2 billion plus
74
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
transaction costs, less acquired cash and cash equivalents. Cooper paid $605 million in cash and issued approximately 10.7 million shares of its common stock, valued at about $623 million, to Ocular stockholders and option holders. Under the terms of the acquisition, each share of Ocular common stock was converted into the right to receive 0.3879 of a share of Cooper common stock and $22.00 in cash without interest, plus cash for fractional shares. Outstanding Ocular stock options were redeemed in exchange for a combination of cash and Cooper stock for the spread between their exercise prices and the value of the merger consideration immediately prior to closing.
Cooper allocated the purchase price based on Oculars December 31, 2004, financial statement and our estimates of the fair values of Oculars assets and liabilities, including the results of a valuation performed using income approach valuation methodology. We ascribed $857.6 million to goodwill, all of which was assigned to our CVI reporting unit. The purchase price allocation also includes $70 million to customer relationships (shelf space and market share), amortized over 15 years, and $60 million to manufacturing technology amortized over 10 years, $357 million to tangible assets, $20 million to in-process research and development, and $139 million to liabilities assumed including about $59.5 million of accrued acquisition costs.
The results of Oculars operations are included in the Companys Consolidated Statements of Operations for the twelve-month fiscal period ended October 31, 2005 from January 6, 2005, the acquisition date.
Pro Forma
The following reflects the Companys unaudited pro forma results had the results of Ocular been included as of the beginning of the period. The pro forma amounts are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have occurred if the acquisition had been completed at that time.
Twelve Months Ended October 31, | ||||||||||
(In millions, except per share amounts) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 Pro Forma | |||||||
Net sales |
$ | 950.6 | $ | 859.0 | $ | 857.3 | ||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (11.2 | ) | $ | 66.2 | $ | 70.2 | |||
Diluted (loss) earnings per share |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | 1.44 | $ | 1.51 |
Note 3. Acquisition and Restructuring Costs
Restructuring
In connection with the Ocular Sciences Inc. (Ocular) acquisition, we are progressing through our integration plan that is designed to optimize operational synergies of the combined companies. These activities include integrating duplicate facilities and expanding utilization of preferred manufacturing and distribution practices. Integration activities began in January 2005 and are expected to continue through mid calendar year 2008.
75
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
We estimate that the total restructuring costs under this integration plan, exclusive of accrued acquisition related costs, will be approximately $50 million, of which approximately $25 - $30 million is cash related, and will be reported as cost of sales or restructuring costs in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. In 2007 and 2006, we reported $18.2 million and $5.5 million in cost of sales and $9.2 million and $3.8 million in restructuring costs, respectively. The following table summarizes the restructuring costs incurred under this integration plan through October 31, 2007.
(In millions) |
Plant Shutdown |
Severance |
Asset Impairments |
Other |
Total | ||||||||||
Restructuring costs incurred for the fiscal year ended October 31: |
|||||||||||||||
2005 |
$ | 1.9 | $ | 2.1 | $ | 0.2 | $ | 6.3 | $ | 10.5 | |||||
2006 |
0.7 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 9.3 | ||||||||||
2007 |
6.9 | 3.8 | 5.9 | 10.8 | 27.4 | ||||||||||
$ | 9.5 | $ | 8.2 | $ | 9.3 | $ | 20.2 | $ | 47.2 | ||||||
Restructuring costs reported in our Consolidated Statements of Operations also include costs related to less significant restructuring activities within our consolidated organization.
Accrued Acquisition Costs
When acquisitions are recorded, we accrue for the estimated direct costs in accordance with applicable accounting guidance including Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 95-3, Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination (EITF 95-3), of severance and plant/office closure costs of the acquired business. These estimated costs are based on managements assessment of planned exit activities. In addition, we also accrue for costs directly associated with acquisitions, including legal, consulting, deferred payments and due diligence. There were no adjustments of accrued acquisition costs included in the determination of net (loss) income for the reported periods.
76
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Below is a summary of activity related to accrued acquisition costs for the twelve months ended October 31, 2007 and 2006.
Description (In thousands) |
Balance October 31, 2006 |
Additions |
Payments |
Balance October 31, 2007 | ||||||||
Plant shutdown |
$ | 4,813 | $ | 881 | $ | 3,598 | $ | 2,096 | ||||
Severance |
10,473 | 731 | 7,453 | 3,751 | ||||||||
Contingent consideration |
12,252 | | 12,252 | | ||||||||
Legal |
5,705 | 584 | 3,097 | 3,192 | ||||||||
Preacquisition liabilities |
768 | | 768 | | ||||||||
Other |
2,890 | 374 | 2,000 | 1,264 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 36,901 | $ | 2,570 | $ | 29,168 | $ | 10,303 | ||||
Description |
Balance October 31, 2005 |
Additions |
Payments |
Balance October 31, 2006 | ||||||||
Plant shutdown |
$ | 12,442 | $ | 558 | $ | 8,187 | $ | 4,813 | ||||
Severance |
14,725 | 1,498 | 5,750 | 10,473 | ||||||||
Contingent consideration |
| 12,252 | | 12,252 | ||||||||
Legal |
8,918 | 1,857 | 5,070 | 5,705 | ||||||||
Preacquisition liabilities |
768 | | | 768 | ||||||||
Other |
4,257 | 3,969 | 5,336 | 2,890 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | 41,110 | $ | 20,134 | $ | 24,343 | $ | 36,901 | ||||
Note 4. Intangible Assets
(In thousands) |
CVI |
CSI |
Total | |||||||
Goodwill: |
||||||||||
Balance as of November 1, 2005 |
$ | 1,047,538 | $ | 121,511 | $ | 1,169,049 | ||||
Net (reductions) additions during the year ended October 31, 2006 |
(2,339 | ) | 48,204 | 45,865 | ||||||
Other adjustments* |
2,170 | | 2,170 | |||||||
Balance as of November 1, 2006 |
$ | 1,047,369 | $ | 169,715 | $ | 1,217,084 | ||||
Net (reductions) additions during the year ended October 31, 2007 |
(4,950 | ) | 35,289 | 30,339 | ||||||
Other adjustments* |
6,263 | | 6,263 | |||||||
Balance as of October 31, 2007 |
$ | 1,048,682 | $ | 205,004 | $ | 1,253,686 | ||||
* | Primarily translation differences in goodwill denominated in foreign currency. |
Of the October 31, 2007 goodwill balance, $69.5 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
77
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
As of October 31, 2007 |
As of October 31, 2006 |
Weighted Average Amortization Period | ||||||||||||
(In thousands) |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization & Translation |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization & Translation |
||||||||||
(In years) | ||||||||||||||
Other intangible assets: |
||||||||||||||
Trademarks |
$ | 2,907 | $ | 507 | $ | 1,807 | $ | 231 | 12 | |||||
Technology |
90,064 | 27,849 | 88,950 | 19,739 | 12 | |||||||||
Shelf space and market share |
86,386 | 15,758 | 73,486 | 9,007 | 14 | |||||||||
License and distribution rights and other |
16,713 | 6,123 | 17,070 | 5,176 | 17 | |||||||||
$ | 196,070 | $ | 50,237 | $ | 181,313 | $ | 34,153 | 13 | ||||||
Less accumulated amortization and translation |
50,237 | 34,153 | ||||||||||||
Other intangible assets, net |
$ | 145,833 | $ | 147,160 | ||||||||||
Estimated annual amortization expense is about $16.0 million for each of the years in the five-year period ending October 31, 2012.
Note 5. Earnings Per Share
Years Ended October 31, (In thousands, except per share amounts) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 | |||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (11,192 | ) | $ | 66,234 | $ | 91,722 | |||
Add interest charge applicable to convertible debt, net of tax |
| 2,090 | 2,096 | |||||||
(Loss) income for calculating diluted earnings per share |
$ | (11,192 | ) | $ | 68,324 | $ | 93,818 | |||
Basic: |
||||||||||
Weighted average common shares |
44,707 | 44,522 | 42,021 | |||||||
Basic (loss) earnings per common share |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | 1.49 | $ | 2.18 | |||
Diluted: |
||||||||||
Weighted average common shares |
44,707 | 44,522 | 42,021 | |||||||
Effect of dilutive stock options |
| 457 | 1,372 | |||||||
Shares applicable to convertible debt |
| 2,590 | 2,590 | |||||||
Diluted weighted average common shares |
44,707 | 47,569 | 45,983 | |||||||
Diluted (loss) earnings per share |
$ | (0.25 | ) | $ | 1.44 | $ | 2.04 | |||
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THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table sets forth stock options to purchase Coopers common stock, common shares applicable to restricted stock units and common shares applicable to convertible debt that are not included in the diluted net income per share calculation because to do so would be anti-dilutive for the periods presented:
Years Ended October 31, |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 | ||||||
Number of stock option shares excluded |
5,199,534 | 3,119,383 | 236,166 | ||||||
Range of exercise prices |
$ | 15.35 - $80.51 | $ | 52.40 - $80.51 | $ | 72.94 - $80.51 | |||
Number of restricted stock units excluded |
167,700 | | | ||||||
Number of common shares applicable to convertible debt |
2,590,090 | | | ||||||
Note 6. Income Taxes
The components of income from continuing operations before income taxes and the income tax provision related to income from all operations in our Consolidated Statements of Operations consist of:
Years Ended October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 | ||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes: |
|||||||||||
United States |
$ | (9,911 | ) | $ | (22,071 | ) | $ | 14,757 | |||
Foreign |
10,583 | 95,408 | 93,700 | ||||||||
$ | 672 | $ | 73,337 | $ | 108,457 | ||||||
Income tax provision |
$ | 11,864 | $ | 7,103 | $ | 16,735 | |||||
The income tax provision (benefit) related to income from continuing operations in our Consolidated Statements of Operations consists of:
Years Ended October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 | ||||||||
Current: |
|||||||||||
Federal |
$ | 2,623 | $ | 4,189 | $ | 8,827 | |||||
State |
590 | 372 | 1,905 | ||||||||
Foreign |
12,594 | 3,513 | 3,333 | ||||||||
15,807 | 8,074 | 14,065 | |||||||||
Deferred: |
|||||||||||
Federal |
(3,719 | ) | (2,749 | ) | 1,143 | ||||||
State |
(323 | ) | (638 | ) | | ||||||
Foreign |
99 | 2,416 | 1,527 | ||||||||
(3,943 | ) | (971 | ) | 2,670 | |||||||
Total provision for income taxes |
$ | 11,864 | $ | 7,103 | $ | 16,735 | |||||
79
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
We reconcile the provision for income taxes attributable to income from operations and the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% to income before income taxes as follows:
Years Ended October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||||
Computed expected provision for taxes |
$ | 235 | $ | 25,688 | $ | 37,960 | ||||||
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: |
||||||||||||
Income earned outside the United States subject to different tax rates |
9,578 | (25,235 | ) | (28,308 | ) | |||||||
Foreign source income subject to U.S. tax |
| 202 | 146 | |||||||||
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit |
275 | (229 | ) | 738 | ||||||||
In-process research and development |
| 2,625 | 7,000 | |||||||||
Incentive stock option compensation |
818 | 1,306 | | |||||||||
Change in valuation allowance |
| (252 | ) | (253 | ) | |||||||
Tax accrual adjustment |
1,407 | 2,744 | (572 | ) | ||||||||
Other, net |
(449 | ) | 254 | 24 | ||||||||
Actual provision for income taxes |
$ | 11,864 | $ | 7,103 | $ | 16,735 | ||||||
During the fourth quarter of 2006, we made an immaterial revision related to certain prior period foreign tax liabilities. The impact of this revision was to reduce income tax expense for the quarter and year by $885,000.
80
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities are:
October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 |
||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Accounts receivable, principally due to allowances for doubtful accounts |
$ | 1,577 | $ | 1,639 | ||||
Inventories |
3,230 | 4,433 | ||||||
Litigation settlements |
175 | 156 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities, reserves and compensation accruals |
16,201 | 10,057 | ||||||
Restricted stock |
7,564 | 3,319 | ||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
40,890 | 53,825 | ||||||
Research and experimental expenses Section 59(e) |
4,920 | 2,575 | ||||||
Tax credit carryforwards |
3,770 | 3,160 | ||||||
Total gross deferred tax assets |
78,327 | 79,164 | ||||||
Less valuation allowance |
| (2,005 | ) | |||||
Deferred tax assets |
78,327 | 77,159 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
Tax deductible goodwill |
(9,128 | ) | (7,328 | ) | ||||
Plant and equipment |
(4,857 | ) | (6,405 | ) | ||||
Transaction cost |
(1,144 | ) | (1,144 | ) | ||||
Foreign deferred tax liabilities |
(4,298 | ) | (4,258 | ) | ||||
Other intangible assets |
(25,427 | ) | (24,598 | ) | ||||
Inventory adjustments under new accounting method |
(1,040 | ) | (2,079 | ) | ||||
Total gross deferred tax liabilities |
(45,894 | ) | (45,812 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax assets |
$ | 32,433 | $ | 31,347 | ||||
Current deferred tax liabilities of $299,000 at October 31, 2007, and $297,000 at October 31, 2006, are included in other accrued liabilities on the balance sheet.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing valuation allowances at October 31, 2007. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended October 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were decreases of $2 million, $252,000 and $253,000, respectively; a portion of those decreases relate to concurrent reductions in the deferred tax asset.
81
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The Company has not provided for federal income tax on approximately $393.1 million of undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries since the Company intends to reinvest this amount outside the U.S. indefinitely. As a result, the Company has not availed itself of the favorable repatriation provisions of Internal Revenue Code Section 965.
At October 31, 2007, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $109.8 million and state net operating loss carryforwards of $44.8 million. The Company also had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $30.6 million related to share option exercises as of October 31, 2007. A tax benefit and a credit to additional paid-in capital for the excess deduction would not be recognized until deduction reduces taxes payable. Additionally, the Company had $3.8 million of federal alternative minimum tax credits. The federal net operating loss carryforwards expire on various dates between 2008 through 2027, and the federal alternative minimum tax credits carry forward indefinitely. Approximately $25.9 million of the federal net operating loss carryforwards expire in 2008. The state net operating loss carryforwards expire on various dates between 2014 through 2017. Among the net operating and other tax credit carryforwards, $62.2 million, $6.1 million and $5.2 million of federal net operating losses are attributable to the Ocular, Inlet and NeoSurg pre-acquisition years, respectively, which may be subject to certain limitations upon utilization. $43.6 million of state net operating losses are attributable to the Ocular pre-acquisition years, which may be subject to certain limitations upon utilization. Under the current tax law, net operating loss and credit carryforwards available to offset future income in any given year may be limited by statute or upon the occurrence of certain events, including significant changes in ownership interests. The Company does not believe that any limitations triggered by the change in the ownership of Ocular, Inlet and NeoSurg will have a material effect on its ability to utilize net operating losses.
Note 7. Debt
October 31, (In thousands) |
2007 |
2006 | ||||
Short-term: |
||||||
Overdraft and other credit facilities |
$ | 46,514 | $ | 23,516 | ||
Current portion of long-term debt |
| 37,850 | ||||
$ | 46,514 | $ | 61,366 | |||
Long-term: |
||||||
Convertible senior debentures, net of discount of $2,252 and $2,396 |
$ | 112,748 | $ | 112,604 | ||
Former credit facility |
| 605,300 | ||||
Revolver |
367,000 | | ||||
Senior notes |
350,000 | | ||||
Other |
368 | 1,232 | ||||
830,116 | 719,136 | |||||
Less current portion |
| 37,850 | ||||
$ | 830,116 | $ | 681,286 | |||
82
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Annual maturities of long-term debt as of October 31, 2007, excluding the potential repurchase of convertible debentures in 2008 are as follows:
Year (In thousands) |
|||
2008 |
$ | | |
2009 |
| ||
2010 |
| ||
2011 |
| ||
2012 |
367,000 | ||
Thereafter |
463,116 |
Syndicated Bank Credit Facility
On January 31, 2007, Cooper refinanced its existing $750 million syndicated bank credit facility, which consisted of a $250 million term loan and a $500 million revolving credit facility, with a new $650 million syndicated Senior Unsecured Revolving Line of Credit (Revolver) and $350 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% of Senior Notes, described below. The refinancing extended the maturity and provided additional borrowing flexibility along with lower overall pricing relative to prior agreement. In addition, the Company has the ability from time to time to increase the size of the Revolver by up to an additional $250 million. KeyBank led the Revolver refinancing, which resulted in a number of the banks retaining or increasing their participation in the agreement. The Revolver matures on January 31, 2012.
Interest rates for the Revolver are based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus additional basis points determined by certain ratios of debt to pro forma earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), as defined in the credit agreement. These range from 75 to 150 basis points. As of October 31, 2007, the additional basis points were 125.