Form 10-Q for Bank of America
Table of Contents

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[ü] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2008

or

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to

Commission file number:

1-6523

Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter:

Bank of America Corporation

State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization:

Delaware

IRS Employer Identification Number:

56-0906609

Address of Principal Executive Offices:

Bank of America Corporate Center

100 N. Tryon Street

Charlotte, North Carolina 28255

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(800) 299-2265

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  ü    No    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

  Large accelerated filer  ü      Accelerated filer      Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
            (do not check if a smaller reporting company)       

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).

  Yes        No  ü

On April 30, 2008, there were 4,452,783,993 shares of Bank of America Corporation Common Stock outstanding.

 

 


Table of Contents
  Bank of America Corporation
  March 31, 2008 Form 10-Q

 

INDEX

          
           Page

Part I.

    

Item 1.

  

Financial Statements:

  

Financial
Information

       

Consolidated Statement of Income for the
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 and 2007

   3
       

Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007

   4
       

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’
Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 and
2007

   5
       

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 and 2007

   6
       

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   7
    

Item 2.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations
  
       

Table of Contents

   41
       

Discussion and Analysis

   42
    

Item 3.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   133
    

Item 4.

  

Controls and Procedures

   133
          
                  

Part II.

          

Other Information

    

Item 1.

  

Legal Proceedings

   133
    

Item 1A.

  

Risk Factors

   133
    

Item 2.

  

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and the Use of Proceeds

   134
    

Item 6.

  

Exhibits

   135
    

Signature

   136
    

Index to Exhibits

   137

 

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Table of Contents

Part 1. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

         
  Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries      
   Consolidated Statement of Income          
     Three Months Ended March 31
  (Dollars in millions, except per share information)            2008                    2007        

  Interest income

     

  Interest and fees on loans and leases

   $14,415    $12,884

  Interest on debt securities

   2,774    2,380

  Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

   1,208    1,979

  Trading account assets

   2,364    2,273

  Other interest income

   1,098    1,044

  Total interest income

   21,859    20,560

  Interest expense

     

  Deposits

   4,588    4,034

  Short-term borrowings

   4,142    5,318

  Trading account liabilities

   840    892

  Long-term debt

   2,298    2,048

  Total interest expense

   11,868    12,292

  Net interest income

   9,991    8,268

  Noninterest income

     

  Card income

   3,639    3,333

  Service charges

   2,397    2,072

  Investment and brokerage services

   1,340    1,149

  Investment banking income

   476    638

  Equity investment income

   1,054    1,014

  Trading account profits (losses)

   (1,783)    872

  Mortgage banking income

   451    213

  Gains on sales of debt securities

   225    62

  Other income (loss)

   (787)    534

  Total noninterest income

   7,012    9,887

  Total revenue, net of interest expense

   17,003    18,155

  Provision for credit losses

   6,010    1,235

  Noninterest expense

     

  Personnel

   4,726    5,025

  Occupancy

   849    713

  Equipment

   396    350

  Marketing

   637    555

  Professional fees

   285    229

  Amortization of intangibles

   446    389

  Data processing

   563    437

  Telecommunications

   260    251

  Other general operating

   863    1,037

  Merger and restructuring charges

   170    111

  Total noninterest expense

   9,195    9,097

  Income before income taxes

   1,798    7,823

  Income tax expense

   588    2,568

  Net income

   $1,210    $5,255

  Preferred stock dividends

   190    46

  Net income available to common shareholders

   $1,020    $5,209

  Per common share information

     

  Earnings

   $0.23    $1.18

  Diluted earnings

   0.23    1.16

  Dividends paid

   0.64    0.56

  Average common shares issued and outstanding
(in thousands)

   4,427,823    4,432,664

  Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding
(in thousands)

   4,461,201    4,497,028

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Table of Contents
  Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries          
   Consolidated Balance Sheet          
  (Dollars in millions)    March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

  Assets

     

  Cash and cash equivalents

   $40,512    $42,531

  Time deposits placed and other short-term investments

   8,807    11,773

  Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell (includes $2,661 and $2,578 measured at fair value, and $119,846 and $128,887 pledged as collateral)

   120,289    129,552

  Trading account assets (includes $89,934 and $88,745 pledged as collateral)

   165,693    162,064

  Derivative assets

   50,925    34,662

  Debt securities:

     

  Available–for-sale (includes $111,718 and $107,440 pledged as collateral)

   221,860    213,330

  Held-to-maturity, at cost (fair value - $1,140 and $726)

   1,140    726

  Total debt securities

   223,000    214,056

  Loans and leases (includes $5,057 and $4,590 measured at fair value and $114,387 and $115,285 pledged as collateral)

   873,870    876,344

  Allowance for loan and lease losses

   (14,891)    (11,588)

  Loans and leases, net of allowance

   858,979    864,756

  Premises and equipment, net

   11,297    11,240

  Mortgage servicing rights (includes $3,163 and $3,053 measured at fair value)

   3,470    3,347

  Goodwill

   77,872    77,530

  Intangible assets

   9,821    10,296

  Other assets (includes $36,926 and $41,088 measured at fair value)

   165,837    153,939

  Total assets

   $1,736,502    $1,715,746

  Liabilities

     

  Deposits in domestic offices:

     

  Noninterest-bearing

   $193,789    $188,466

  Interest-bearing (includes $2,005 and $2,000 measured at fair value)

   506,062    501,882

  Deposits in foreign offices:

     

  Noninterest-bearing

   3,333    3,761

  Interest-bearing

   93,885    111,068

  Total deposits

   797,069    805,177

  Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase

   219,738    221,435

  Trading account liabilities

   76,032    77,342

  Derivative liabilities

   29,170    22,423

  Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings

   190,856    191,089

  Accrued expenses and other liabilities (includes $903 and $660 measured at fair value, and $507 and $518 of reserve for unfunded lending commitments)

   64,528    53,969

  Long-term debt

   202,800    197,508

  Total liabilities

   1,580,193    1,568,943

  Commitments and contingencies (Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities and Note 11Commitments and Contingencies)

     

  Shareholders’ equity

     

  Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized – 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 7,325,067 and 185,067 shares

   17,306    4,409

  Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.01 par value; authorized – 7,500,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding – 4,452,810,412 and 4,437,885,419 shares

   61,080    60,328

  Retained earnings

   79,554    81,393

  Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

   (884)    1,129

  Other

   (747)    (456)

  Total shareholders’ equity

   156,309    146,803

  Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $1,736,502    $1,715,746

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

4


Table of Contents
  Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries          
   Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity          
     Preferred
Stock
   Common Stock and
Additional Paid-in
Capital
   Retained
Earnings
   Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss) (1)
   Other    Total
Shareholders’
Equity
   Comprehensive
Income
  (Dollars in millions, shares in thousands)       Shares    Amount               

  Balance, December 31, 2006

   $2,851    4,458,151    $61,574    $79,024    $(7,711)    $(466)    $135,272   

  Cumulative adjustment for accounting changes (2):

                       

  Leveraged leases

            (1,381)          (1,381)   

  Fair value option and measurement

            (208)          (208)   

  Income tax uncertainties

            (146)          (146)   

  Net income

            5,255          5,255    $5,255

  Net changes in available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities

               (108)       (108)    (108)

  Net changes in foreign currency translation adjustments

               (12)       (12)    (12)

  Net changes in derivatives

               140       140    140

  Employee benefit plan adjustments

               31       31    31

  Cash dividends paid:

                       

  Common

            (2,502)          (2,502)   

  Preferred

            (46)          (46)   

  Common stock issued under employee plans and related tax benefits

      28,919    1,468          (401)    1,067   

  Common stock repurchased

        (48,000)    (2,506)                   (2,506)     

  Balance, March 31, 2007

   $2,851    4,439,070    $60,536    $79,996    $(7,660)    $(867)    $134,856    $5,306

  Balance, December 31, 2007

   $4,409    4,437,885    $60,328    $81,393    $1,129    $(456)    $146,803   

  Net income

            1,210          1,210    $1,210

  Net changes in available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities

               (1,735)       (1,735)    (1,735)

  Net changes in foreign currency translation adjustments

               20       20    20

  Net changes in derivatives

               (316)       (316)    (316)

  Employee benefit plan adjustments

               18       18    18

  Cash dividends paid:

                       

  Common

            (2,859)          (2,859)   

  Preferred

            (190)          (190)   

  Issuance of preferred stock

   12,897                   12,897   

  Common stock issued under employee plans and related tax benefits

        14,925    752              (291)    461     

  Balance, March 31, 2008

   $17,306    4,452,810    $61,080    $79,554    $(884)    $(747)    $156,309    $(803)

 

 

(1)

Amounts shown are net-of-tax. For additional information on accumulated OCI, see Note 12 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

(2)

Effective January 1, 2007, the Corporation adopted FSP 13-2, SFAS 157, SFAS 159 and FIN 48. For additional information on the adoption of these accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Table of Contents

  Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

   Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

         
     Three Months Ended March 31
  (Dollars in millions)            2008                    2007        

  Operating activities

     

  Net income

   $1,210    $5,255

  Reconciliation of net income to net cash used in operating activities:

     

  Provision for credit losses

   6,010    1,235

  Gains on sales of debt securities

   (225)    (62)

  Depreciation and premises improvements amortization

   328    275

  Amortization of intangibles

   446    389

  Deferred income tax (benefit) expense

   (1,041)    244

  Net increase in trading and derivative instruments

   (16,061)    (8,356)

  Net increase in other assets

   (13,350)    (12,126)

  Net increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities

   12,606    (6,740)

  Other operating activities, net

   6,245    255

  Net cash used in operating activities

   (3,832)    (19,631)

  Investing activities

     

  Net decrease in time deposits placed and other short-term investments

   2,966    1,927

  Net (increase) decrease in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

   9,263    (3,348)

  Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities

   26,477    4,173

  Proceeds from paydowns and maturities of available-for-sale debt securities

   5,194    5,157

  Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities

   (35,134)    (2,934)

  Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity debt securities

   46    24

  Purchases of held-to-maturity debt securities

   (460)    -

  Proceeds from sales of loans and leases

   16,245    17,527

  Other changes in loans and leases, net

   (21,443)    (44,304)

  Net purchases of premises and equipment

   (431)    (358)

  Proceeds from sales of foreclosed properties

   33    38

  (Acquisition) divestiture of business activities, net

   -    (460)

  Other investing activities, net

   (953)    (2,040)

  Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

   1,803    (24,598)

  Financing activities

     

  Net increase (decrease) in deposits

   (8,108)    4,471

  Net increase (decrease) in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase

   (1,697)    16,985

  Net increase (decrease) in commercial paper and other short-term borrowings

   (233)    15,617

  Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

   7,774    16,927

  Retirement of long-term debt

   (7,618)    (10,050)

  Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock

   12,897    -

  Proceeds from issuance of common stock

   46    323

  Common stock repurchased

   -    (2,506)

  Cash dividends paid

   (3,049)    (2,548)

  Excess tax benefits of share-based payments

   16    148

  Other financing activities, net

   (6)    (10)

  Net cash provided by financing activities

   22    39,357

  Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

   (12)    (8)

  Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

   (2,019)    (4,880)

  Cash and cash equivalents at January 1

   42,531    36,429

  Cash and cash equivalents at March 31

   $40,512    $31,549

During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the Corporation sold its operations in Chile and Uruguay for approximately $750 million in equity in Banco Itaú Holding Financeira S.A., and its assets in BankBoston Argentina for the assumption of its liabilities. The total assets and liabilities in these divestitures were $6.1 billion and $5.6 billion.

On January 1, 2007, the Corporation transferred $3.7 billion of AFS debt securities to trading account assets following the adoption of SFAS 159.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Table of Contents

  Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

   Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

On October 1, 2007, Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Corporation) acquired all the outstanding shares of ABN AMRO North America Holding Company, parent of LaSalle Bank Corporation (LaSalle), for $21.0 billion in cash. On July 1, 2007, the Corporation acquired all the outstanding shares of U.S. Trust Corporation for $3.3 billion in cash. These mergers were accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Consequently, LaSalle and U.S. Trust Corporation’s results of operations were included in the Corporation’s results from their dates of acquisition.

The Corporation, through its banking and nonbanking subsidiaries, provides a diverse range of financial services and products throughout the U.S. and in selected international markets. At March 31, 2008, the Corporation operated its banking activities primarily under three charters: Bank of America, National Association (Bank of America, N.A.), FIA Card Services, N.A. and LaSalle Bank, N.A.

 

  NOTE 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles

 

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiaries, and those variable interest entities (VIEs) where the Corporation is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Results of operations of companies purchased are included from the dates of acquisition and for VIEs, from the dates that the Corporation became the primary beneficiary. Assets held in an agency or fiduciary capacity are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Corporation accounts for investments in companies for which it owns a voting interest of 20 percent to 50 percent and for which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financing decisions using the equity method of accounting. These investments are included in other assets and the Corporation’s proportionate share of income or loss is included in equity investment income.

The information contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements is unaudited. In the opinion of management, normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the interim period results have been made.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

 

Recently Proposed and Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In recent meetings, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) tentatively decided to amend Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities – a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125” (SFAS 140), impacting the accounting for qualifying special-purpose entities (QSPEs), and make certain changes to FASB Interpretation (FIN) No. 46 (revised December 2003) “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities – an interpretation of ARB No. 51” (FIN 46R). An exposure draft of the proposed requirements is expected later this year. Based on the preliminary discussions and tentative decisions, and assuming no changes to the Corporation’s current product offerings, it is possible that these changes may lead to the consolidation of certain QSPEs and VIEs, including corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits. However, the impact on the Corporation cannot be determined until the FASB passes the final amendments to SFAS 140 and FIN 46R.

On March 19, 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB No. 133” (SFAS 161). SFAS 161 requires expanded qualitative, quantitative and credit-risk disclosures about derivatives and hedging activities and their effects on the Corporation’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS 161 also clarifies that derivatives are subject to credit risk disclosures as required by SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.” SFAS 161 is effective for the Corporation’s financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009. The adoption of SFAS 161 will not impact the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Table of Contents

On January 1, 2008, the Corporation adopted the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 109, "Written Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value Through Earnings" (SAB 109) for loan commitments measured at fair value through earnings which were issued or modified since adoption. SAB 109 requires that the expected net future cash flows related to servicing of a loan be included in the measurement of all written loan commitments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings. The adoption of SAB 109 resulted in the recognition of $90 million in incremental mortgage banking income for the three months ended March 31, 2008.

On January 1, 2008, the Corporation adopted Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) consensus on Issue No. 06–11, “Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards” (EITF 06-11). EITF 06–11 requires on a prospective basis that the tax benefit related to dividend equivalents paid on restricted stock and restricted stock units which are expected to vest be recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital. The adoption of EITF 06–11 did not have a material impact on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

On December 4, 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (SFAS 141R). SFAS 141R modifies the accounting for business combinations and requires, with limited exceptions, the acquirer in a business combination to recognize 100 percent of the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition-date fair value. In addition, SFAS 141R requires the expensing of acquisition-related transaction and restructuring costs, and certain contingent assets and liabilities acquired, as well as contingent consideration, to be recognized at fair value. SFAS 141R also modifies the accounting for certain acquired income tax assets and liabilities. SFAS 141R is effective for new acquisitions consummated on or after January 1, 2009 and early adoption is not permitted.

On December 4, 2007, the FASB also issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements” (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 requires all entities to report noncontrolling (i.e., minority) interests in subsidiaries as equity in the Consolidated Financial Statements and to account for transactions between an entity and noncontrolling owners as equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest in the subsidiary. SFAS 160 also requires expanded disclosure that distinguishes between the interests of the controlling owners and the interests of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. SFAS 160 is effective for the Corporation’s financial statements for the year beginning on January 1, 2009 and earlier adoption is not permitted. The adoption of SFAS 160 is not expected to have a material impact on the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations.

 

  NOTE 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity

On July 1, 2007, the Corporation acquired all the outstanding shares of U.S. Trust Corporation for $3.3 billion in cash. The Corporation allocated $1.7 billion to goodwill and $1.2 billion to intangible assets as part of the preliminary purchase price allocation. U.S. Trust Corporation’s results of operations were included in the Corporation’s results beginning July 1, 2007. The acquisition significantly increased the size and capabilities of the Corporation’s wealth management business and positions it as one of the largest financial services companies managing private wealth in the U.S.

On October 1, 2007, the Corporation acquired all the outstanding shares of LaSalle, for $21.0 billion in cash. As part of the acquisition, ABN AMRO Bank N.V. (the seller) capitalized approximately $6.3 billion as equity of intercompany debt prior to the date of acquisition. With this acquisition, the Corporation significantly expanded its presence in metropolitan Chicago, Illinois and Michigan by adding LaSalle's commercial banking clients, retail customers and banking centers. LaSalle’s results of operations were included in the Corporation’s results beginning October 1, 2007.

 

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The LaSalle acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” (SFAS 141). The preliminary purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their fair values at the LaSalle acquisition date as summarized in the following table.

 

LaSalle Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation

(Dollars in millions)

  

Purchase price

   $21,015

Preliminary Allocation of the purchase price

  

LaSalle stockholders' equity

   12,495

LaSalle goodwill and other intangible assets

   (2,728)

Adjustments to reflect assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value:

  

Loans and leases

   (88)

Premises and equipment

   (185)

Identified intangibles (1)

   1,029

Other assets

   (267)

Exit and termination liabilities

   (426)

Other liabilities and deferred income taxes

   (7)

Fair value of net assets acquired

   9,823

Preliminary goodwill resulting from the LaSalle merger (2)

   $11,192

 

(1)

Includes core deposit intangibles of $700 million, and other intangibles of $329 million. The amortization life for core deposit intangibles and other intangibles is 10 years. These intangibles are amortized on an accelerated basis.

 

(2)

No goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill has been allocated across all of the Corporation’s business segments.

 

Merger and Restructuring Charges

Merger and restructuring charges are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income and include incremental costs to integrate the operations of the Corporation and those of acquired entities. These charges represent costs associated with these one-time activities and do not represent ongoing costs of the fully integrated combined organization. The following table presents severance and employee-related charges, systems integrations and related charges, and other merger-related charges for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31
(Dollars in millions)    2008 (1)    2007

Severance and employee-related charges

   $45    $12

Systems integrations and related charges

   90    79

Other

   35    20

Total merger and restructuring charges

   $170    $111

 

(1)

Included for the three months ended March 31, 2008 are merger-related charges of $129 million and $41 million related to the LaSalle and U.S. Trust Corporation mergers.

 

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Table of Contents
Merger-related Exit Cost and Restructuring Reserves

The following table presents the changes in exit cost and restructuring reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

     Exit Cost Reserves (1)    Restructuring Reserves (2)

(Dollars in millions)

     2008        2007        2008          2007  

Balance, January 1

   $377    $125    $108    $67

Exit cost and restructuring charges:

           

LaSalle

   87    -    31    -

U.S. Trust Corporation

   -    -    13    -

MBNA

   -    -    -    11

Cash payments

   (59)    (26)    (55)    (33)

Balance, March 31

   $405    $99    $97    $45

 

(1)

Exit cost reserves were established in purchase accounting resulting in an increase in goodwill.

 

(2)

Restructuring reserves were established by a charge to merger and restructuring charges.

 

As of December 31, 2007, there were $377 million of exit cost reserves related to the MBNA Corporation (MBNA), U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle mergers, including $187 million for severance, relocation and other employee-related costs and $190 million for contract terminations. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, $87 million was added to the exit cost reserves related to the LaSalle merger which included $86 million in severance, relocation and other employee-related costs and $1 million in contract terminations. Cash payments of $59 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008 consisted of $58 million in severance, relocation and other employee-related costs and $1 million for contract terminations.

As of December 31, 2007, there were $108 million of restructuring reserves related to the MBNA, U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle mergers, including $104 million related to severance and other employee-related costs and $4 million related to contract terminations. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, $44 million was added to the restructuring reserves of which $13 million and $31 million related to severance and other employee-related costs associated with the U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle mergers. Cash payments of $55 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008 consisted of $53 million in severance and other employee-related costs and $2 million in contract terminations.

Payments under exit cost and restructuring reserves associated with the MBNA merger were substantially completed in 2007 while payments associated with the U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle mergers will continue into 2009.

 

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  NOTE 3 – Trading Account Assets and Liabilities

The following table presents the fair values of the components of trading account assets and liabilities at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

(Dollars in millions)    March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

Trading account assets

     

U.S. Government and agency securities (1)

   $60,284    $48,240

Corporate securities, trading loans, and other

   45,693    55,360

Equity securities

   24,065    22,910

Foreign sovereign debt

   20,156    17,161

Mortgage trading loans and asset-backed securities

   15,495    18,393

Total trading account assets

   $165,693    $162,064

Trading account liabilities

     

U.S. Government and agency securities

   $40,457    $35,375

Equity securities

   18,954    25,926

Foreign sovereign debt

   10,793    9,292

Corporate securities and other

   5,828    6,749

Total trading account liabilities

   $76,032    $77,342

 

(1)

Includes $26.4 billion and $21.5 billion at March 31, 2008, and December 31, 2007 of government-sponsored enterprise obligations that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

 

  NOTE 4 – Derivatives

All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value, taking into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Corporation to settle positive and negative positions and offset cash collateral held with the same counterparty on a net basis. For exchange-traded contracts, fair value is based on quoted market prices. For non-exchange traded contracts, fair value is based on dealer quotes, pricing models or quoted prices for instruments with similar characteristics. The Corporation designates at inception whether the derivative contract is considered hedging or non-hedging for SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" (SFAS 133) accounting purposes. Derivatives held for trading purposes are included in derivative assets or derivative liabilities with changes in fair value reflected in trading account profits (losses). Other derivatives that are used as economic hedges, but not designated in a hedging relationship for accounting purposes, are also included in derivative assets or derivative liabilities with changes in fair value recorded in mortgage banking income or other income (loss). A detailed discussion of derivative trading activities and asset and liability management (ALM) activities is presented in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles and Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table presents the contract/notional amounts and credit risk amounts at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 of all the Corporation’s derivative positions. These derivative positions are primarily executed in the over-the-counter market. The credit risk amounts take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements, and on an aggregate basis have been reduced by the cash collateral applied against derivative assets. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the cash collateral applied against derivative assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet was $20.3 billion and $12.8 billion. In addition, at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the cash collateral placed against derivative liabilities was $14.8 billion and $10.0 billion. The average fair value of derivative assets, less cash collateral, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $43.8 billion and $33.9 billion. The average fair value of derivative liabilities, less cash collateral, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $27.2 billion and $20.7 billion.

 

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       March 31, 2008      December 31, 2007
(Dollars in millions)      Contract/
Notional (1)
     Credit
Risk
     Contract/
Notional (1)
     Credit
Risk

Interest rate contracts

                   

Swaps

     $25,261,266      $24,649      $22,472,949      $15,368

Futures and forwards

     3,975,570      413      2,596,146      10

Written options

     1,576,273      -      1,402,626      -

Purchased options

     1,701,203      3,706      1,479,985      2,508

Foreign exchange contracts

                   

Swaps

     507,382      10,598      505,878      7,350

Spot, futures and forwards

     1,791,479      8,121      1,600,683      4,124

Written options

     336,852      -      341,148      -

Purchased options

     313,036      1,416      339,101      1,033

Equity contracts

                   

Swaps

     42,814      1,700      56,300      2,026

Futures and forwards

     18,825      45      12,174      10

Written options

     224,102      -      166,736      -

Purchased options

     242,290      6,591      195,240      6,337

Commodity contracts

                   

Swaps

     8,977      1,275      13,627      770

Futures and forwards

     12,523      72      14,391      12

Written options

     16,823      -      14,206      -

Purchased options

     13,645      550      13,093      372

Credit derivatives

     3,086,298      12,101      3,046,381      7,493
                       

Credit risk before cash collateral

          71,237           47,413

Less: Cash collateral applied

          20,312           12,751

Total derivative assets

            $50,925             $34,662

 

(1)

Represents the total contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding and includes both written and purchased protection.

 

Fair Value, Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges

The Corporation uses various types of interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts to protect against changes in the fair value of its assets and liabilities due to fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates (fair value hedges). The Corporation also uses these types of contracts to protect against changes in the cash flows of its assets and liabilities, and other forecasted transactions (cash flow hedges). During the next 12 months, net losses on derivative instruments included in accumulated OCI of approximately $1.8 billion ($1.1 billion after-tax) are expected to be reclassified into earnings. These net losses reclassified into earnings are expected to reduce net interest income related to the respective hedged items.

 

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The following table summarizes certain information related to the Corporation’s derivative hedges accounted for under SFAS 133 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

     Three Months Ended March 31

(Dollars in millions)

           2008                    2007        

Fair value hedges

     

Hedge ineffectiveness recognized in net interest income

   $61    $2

Cash flow hedges

     

Hedge ineffectiveness recognized in net interest income

   (3)    -

 

The Corporation hedges its net investment in consolidated foreign operations determined to have functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar using forward foreign exchange contracts that typically settle in 90 days. The Corporation recorded net derivative gains in accumulated OCI associated with net investment hedges of $54 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to losses of $35 million for the same period in the prior year.

 

 

  NOTE 5 – Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of AFS debt and marketable equity securities at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were:

 

(Dollars in millions)    Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   Fair
Value

Available-for-sale debt securities, March 31, 2008

           

U.S. Treasury securities and agency debentures

   $780    $24    $-    $804

Mortgage-backed securities (1)

   175,017    198    (2,591)    172,624

Foreign securities

   6,271    38    (239)    6,070

Corporate/Agency bonds

   4,494    46    (263)    4,277

Other taxable securities (2)

   26,672    78    (191)    26,559

Total taxable securities

   213,234    384    (3,284)    210,334

Tax-exempt securities

   11,926    42    (442)    11,526

Total available-for-sale debt securities

   $225,160    $426    $(3,726)    $221,860

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (3)

   $7,969    $11,653    $(687)    $18,935

Available-for-sale debt securities, December 31, 2007

           

U.S. Treasury securities and agency debentures

   $749    $10    $-    $759

Mortgage-backed securities (1)

   166,768    92    (3,144)    163,716

Foreign securities

   6,568    290    (101)    6,757

Corporate/Agency bonds

   3,107    2    (76)    3,033

Other taxable securities (2)

   24,608    69    (84)    24,593

Total taxable securities

   201,800    463    (3,405)    198,858

Tax-exempt securities

   14,468    73    (69)    14,472

Total available-for-sale debt securities

   $216,268    $536    $(3,474)    $213,330

Available-for-sale marketable equity securities (3)

   $6,562    $13,530    $(352)    $19,740

 

(1)

Substantially all securities were issued by U.S. government-backed or government-sponsored enterprises.

 

(2)

Includes asset-backed securities (ABS).

 

(3)

Represents those AFS marketable equity securities that are recorded in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, both the amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity debt securities was $1.1 billion and $726 million and the accumulated net unrealized gains on AFS debt and marketable equity securities included in accumulated OCI were $4.8 billion and $6.6 billion, net of the related income tax expense of $2.8 billion and $3.7 billion.

The Corporation recognized $577 million of impairment losses on AFS securities during the three months ended March 31, 2008. No such losses were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2007.

 

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For all AFS debt and marketable equity securities that are in an unrealized loss position, we have the intent and ability to hold these securities to recovery.

 

Certain Corporate and Strategic Investments

In 2007, the Corporation made a $2.0 billion investment in Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide) in the form of Series B non-voting convertible preferred securities yielding 7.25 percent, which are recorded in other assets. This investment is accounted for under the cost method of accounting. In January 2008, the Corporation announced a definitive agreement to purchase all outstanding shares of Countrywide for approximately $4.0 billion in common stock. Countrywide shareholders’ would receive 0.1822 shares of Bank of America Corporation common stock in exchange for one share of Countrywide common stock. The completion of this transaction is expected to occur early in the third quarter of 2008 subject to certain closing conditions and regulatory approvals.

The Corporation owns approximately eight percent, or 19.1 billion common shares, of China Construction Bank (CCB). These common shares are accounted for at fair value and recorded as AFS marketable equity securities in other assets. These shares are non-transferable until October 2008. At both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the cost of the CCB investment was $3.0 billion and the fair value was $14.5 billion and $16.4 billion. Dividend income on this investment is recorded in equity investment income. The Corporation also holds an option to increase its ownership interest in CCB to 19.1 percent. Additional shares received upon exercise of this option are restricted through August 2011. This option expires in February 2011. The strike price of the option is based on the IPO price that steps up on an annual basis and is currently at 103 percent of the IPO price. The strike price of the option is capped at 118 percent depending when the option is exercised.

Additionally, the Corporation owns approximately 137.0 million and 41.1 million of preferred and common shares, respectively, of Banco Itaú Holding Financeira S.A. (Banco Itaú) at March 31, 2008 which are recorded in other assets. These shares are accounted for at cost as they are non-transferable until May 2009. These shares will be accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities and carried at fair value with an offset to accumulated OCI beginning in the second quarter of 2008. Dividend income on this investment is recorded in equity investment income. At both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the cost of this investment was $2.6 billion and the fair value was $4.1 billion and $4.6 billion.

The Corporation has a 24.9 percent, or $2.7 billion, investment in Grupo Financiero Santander, S.A., the subsidiary of Grupo Santander, S.A. This investment is recorded in other assets and is accounted for under the equity method of accounting with income being recorded in equity investment income.

For additional information on securities, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

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  NOTE 6 – Outstanding Loans and Leases

Outstanding loans and leases at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were:

 

(Dollars in millions)    March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

Consumer

     

Residential mortgage

   $266,145    $274,949

Credit card – domestic

   60,393    65,774

Credit card – foreign

   15,518    14,950

Home equity

   118,381    114,820

Direct/Indirect consumer (1)

   80,446    76,858

Other consumer (2)

   3,746    3,850

Total consumer

   544,629    551,201

Commercial

     

Commercial – domestic (3)

   208,212    208,297

Commercial real estate (4)

   62,739    61,298

Commercial lease financing

   22,132    22,582

Commercial – foreign

   31,101    28,376

Total commercial loans measured at historical cost

   324,184    320,553

Commercial loans measured at fair value (5)

   5,057    4,590

Total commercial

   329,241    325,143

Total loans and leases

   $873,870    $876,344

 

(1)

Includes foreign consumer loans of $3.2 billion and $3.4 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

(2)

Includes consumer finance loans of $2.9 billion and $3.0 billion, and other foreign consumer loans of $841 million and $829 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

(3)

Includes small business commercial – domestic loans, primarily card related, of $20.1 billion and $19.6 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

(4)

Includes domestic commercial real estate loans of $61.4 billion and $60.2 billion, and foreign commercial real estate loans of $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

(5)

Certain commercial loans are measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 and include commercial – domestic loans of $3.9 billion and $3.5 billion, commercial – foreign loans of $949 million and $790 million, and commercial real estate loans of $240 million and $304 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. See Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of fair value for certain financial instruments.

 

The following table presents the recorded loan amounts, without consideration for the specific component of the allowance for loan and lease losses, that were considered individually impaired in accordance with SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan” (SFAS 114), at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. SFAS 114 impairment includes performing troubled debt restructurings and excludes all commercial leases.

 

(Dollars in millions)    March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

Commercial – domestic (1)

   $1,162    $1,018

Commercial real estate

   1,627    1,099

Commercial – foreign

   54    19

Total impaired loans

   $2,843    $2,136

 

(1)

Includes small business commercial – domestic loans of $153 million and $144 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, nonperforming loans and leases, including impaired and nonaccrual consumer loans, totaled $7.3 billion and $5.6 billion. In addition, included in other assets were consumer and commercial nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) of $327 million and $188 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

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  NOTE 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

     Three Months Ended March 31

(Dollars in millions)

           2008                    2007        

Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1

   $11,588    $9,016

Adjustment due to the adoption of SFAS 159

   -    (32)

Loans and leases charged off

   (3,180)    (1,743)

Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off

   465    316

Net charge-offs

   (2,715)    (1,427)

Provision for loan and lease losses

   6,021    1,228

Other

   (3)    (53)

Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31

   14,891    8,732

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1

   518    397

Adjustment due to the adoption of SFAS 159

   -    (28)

Provision for unfunded lending commitments

   (11)    7

Other

   -    (2)

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31

   507    374

Allowance for credit losses, March 31

   $15,398    $9,106

 

  NOTE 8 – Securitizations

The Corporation securitizes loans which may be serviced by the Corporation or by third parties. With each securitization, the Corporation may retain all or a portion of the securities, subordinated tranches, interest-only strips, subordinated interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized receivables, and, in some cases, cash reserve accounts, all of which are called retained interests. These retained interests are recorded in other assets and/or AFS debt securities and are carried at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value with changes recorded in income or accumulated OCI. Changes in the fair value for credit card related interest-only strips are recorded in card income.

 

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As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 the aggregate debt securities outstanding for the Corporation’s credit card securitization trusts were $106.1 billion and $101.3 billion. Key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of certain residual interests that continue to be held by the Corporation (included in other assets) from credit card securitizations and the sensitivity of the current fair value of residual cash flows to changes in those assumptions are as follows:

 

(Dollars in millions)    March 31
2008
    December 31
2007
 

Carrying amount of residual interests (at fair value) (1)

   $2,907     $2,766  

Balance of unamortized securitized loans

   107,847     102,967  

Weighted average life to call or maturity (in years)

   0.3     0.3  

Monthly payment rate

   10.6-15.8 %   11.6-16.6 %

Impact on fair value of 10% favorable change

   $65     $51  

Impact on fair value of 25% favorable change

   200     158  

Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change

   (57)     (35)  

Impact on fair value of 25% adverse change

   (126)     (80)  

Expected credit losses (annual rate)

   3.8-5.6 %   3.7-5.4 %

Impact on fair value of 10% favorable change

   $156     $141  

Impact on fair value of 25% favorable change

   425     374  

Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change

   (155)     (133)  

Impact on fair value of 25% adverse change

   (388)     (333)  

Residual cash flows discount rate (annual rate)

   11.5 %   11.5 %

Impact on fair value of 100 bps favorable change

   $5     $9  

Impact on fair value of 200 bps favorable change

   7     13  

Impact on fair value of 100 bps adverse change

   (8)     (12)  

Impact on fair value of 200 bps adverse change

   (16)     (23)  

 

(1)

Residual interests include interest-only strips, subordinated tranches, subordinated interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized receivables and cash reserve accounts which are carried at fair value or amounts that approximate fair value.

 

The sensitivities in the preceding table are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the amounts indicate, changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of an interest that continues to be held by the Corporation is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Additionally, the Corporation has the ability to hedge interest rate risk associated with retained residual positions. The above sensitivities do not reflect any hedge strategies that may be undertaken to mitigate such risk.

Principal proceeds from collections reinvested in revolving credit card securitizations were $45.6 billion and $44.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. Contractual credit card servicing fee income totaled $533 million and $509 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. Other cash flows received on retained interests, such as cash flow from interest-only strips, were $1.7 billion for both the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, for credit card securitizations.

 

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Table of Contents

  NOTE 9 – Variable Interest Entities

The following table presents total assets of those VIEs in which the Corporation holds a significant variable interest and, in the unlikely event that all of the assets in the VIEs become worthless, the Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss. The Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss incorporates not only potential losses associated with assets recorded on the Corporation’s balance sheet but also off-balance sheet commitments, such as unfunded liquidity and lending commitments and other contractual arrangements. In addition to the table below, the Corporation also provided support to certain cash funds managed within Global Wealth and Investment Management (GWIM) as described in more detail in Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

     Consolidated (1)    Unconsolidated
(Dollars in millions)    Total Assets    Loss Exposure    Total Assets    Loss Exposure

Variable interest entities, March 31, 2008

           

Corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits

   $11,425    $14,722    $27,354    $44,429

Collateralized debt obligation vehicles

   3,358    3,288    7,143    6,474

Leveraged lease trusts

   6,175    6,175    -    -

Other

   11,138    9,651    8,691    6,218

Total variable interest entities

   $32,096    $33,836    $43,188    $57,121

Variable interest entities, December 31, 2007

           

Corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits

   $11,944    $16,984    $29,363    $47,335

Collateralized debt obligation vehicles

   4,464    4,311    8,324    7,410

Leveraged lease trusts

   6,236    6,236    -    -

Other

   13,771    12,347    8,260    5,953

Total variable interest entities

   $36,415    $39,878    $45,947    $60,698

 

(1)

The Corporation consolidates VIEs when it is the primary beneficiary that will absorb the majority of the expected losses or expected residual returns of the VIEs or both.

 

Corporation-Sponsored Multi-Seller Conduits

The Corporation administers three multi-seller conduits which provide a low-cost funding alternative to its customers by facilitating their access to the commercial paper market. These customers sell or otherwise transfer assets to the conduits, which in turn issue high-grade, short-term commercial paper that is collateralized by the underlying assets. The Corporation receives fees for providing combinations of liquidity and standby letters of credit (SBLCs) or similar loss protection commitments to the conduits. Third parties participate in a small number of the liquidity facilities on a pari passu basis with the Corporation.

At March 31, 2008, our liquidity commitments to the conduits were collateralized by various classes of assets. Assets held in the conduits incorporate features such as overcollateralization and cash reserves which are designed to provide credit support. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, there were no material write-downs or downgrades of assets.

The Corporation is the primary beneficiary of one conduit which is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The assets of the consolidated conduit are recorded in AFS and held-to-maturity debt securities, and other assets. At March 31, 2008, the Corporation’s liquidity commitments to the conduit were collateralized by credit card loans (24 percent), auto loans (16 percent), equipment loans (11 percent), and capital commitments and trade receivables (six percent each). None of these assets are subprime residential mortgages. In addition, 26 percent of the Corporation’s liquidity commitments were collateralized by projected cash flows from long-term contracts (e.g., television broadcast contracts, stadium revenues and royalty payments) which, as mentioned above, incorporate features that provide credit support. At March 31, 2008, the weighted average life of assets in the consolidated conduit was 5.4 years and the weighted average maturity of commercial paper issued by this conduit was 32 days. Assets of the Corporation are not available to pay creditors of the consolidated

 

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conduit except to the extent the Corporation may be obligated to perform under the liquidity commitments and SBLCs. Assets of the consolidated conduit are not available to pay creditors of the Corporation.

The Corporation does not consolidate the other two conduits which issued capital notes and equity interests to independent third parties as it does not expect to absorb a majority of the variability of the conduits. At March 31, 2008, the Corporation’s liquidity commitments to the unconsolidated conduits were collateralized by student loans (23 percent), credit card loans (11 percent), trade receivables (nine percent), and auto loans (eight percent). Less than one percent of these assets are subprime residential mortgages. In addition, 31 percent of the Corporation’s commitments were collateralized by the conduits’ short-term lending arrangements with investment funds, primarily real estate funds, which, as mentioned above, incorporate features that provide credit support. Amounts advanced under these arrangements will be repaid when the investment funds issue capital calls to their qualified equity investors. At March 31, 2008, the weighted average life of assets in the unconsolidated conduit was 2.6 years and the weighted average maturity of commercial paper issued by these conduits was 30 days.

Net revenues earned from fees associated with these commitments were $69 million and $32 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

Collateralized Debt Obligation Vehicles

CDO vehicles are SPEs that hold diversified pools of fixed income securities. They issue multiple tranches of debt securities, including commercial paper, and equity securities. The Corporation also provides liquidity support to certain CDO vehicles.

The Corporation is the primary beneficiary of certain CDOs which are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Assets held in the consolidated CDOs are classified in trading account assets and AFS debt securities, including AFS debt securities with a fair value of $2.0 billion and $2.8 billion and trading account assets with a fair value of $1.0 billion and $1.3 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 that were acquired in connection with liquidity support provided to the CDO conduit discussed below or issued by a consolidated CDO to which we no longer provide liquidity support at March 31, 2008. The creditors of the consolidated CDOs have no recourse to the general credit of the Corporation.

The Corporation’s exposure to unconsolidated CDOs relates principally to liquidity support of $6.2 billion and $9.1 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. These amounts include written put options of $3.9 billion and $6.8 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and other liquidity support of $2.3 billion at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. The written put options pertain to commercial paper which is the most senior class of securities issued by the CDOs and benefits from the subordination of all other securities issued by the CDOs. The Corporation is obligated under the written put options to provide funding to the CDOs by purchasing the commercial paper at predetermined contractual yields in the event of a severe disruption in the short-term funding market. The underlying collateral on the written put options includes mortgage-backed securities, ABS and CDO securities issued by other vehicles. These written put options are recorded as derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in trading account profits (losses). Derivative activity related to these entities is included in Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Corporation’s liquidity support to unconsolidated CDOs, as noted above, includes other liquidity support of $2.3 billion at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. A CDO conduit administered by the Corporation obtains funds by issuing commercial paper to third party investors. The conduit held $2.3 billion of assets at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 consisting of super senior tranches of debt securities issued by other CDOs. These securities benefit from overcollateralization exceeding the amount that would be required for a AAA-rating. The Corporation provides liquidity support equal to the amount of assets in this conduit which obligates it to purchase the commercial paper at a predetermined contractual yield in the event of a severe disruption in the short-term funding market.

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Corporation held commercial paper with a carrying value of $5.6 billion and $6.6 billion on the balance sheet that was issued by unconsolidated CDO vehicles, of which $3.3 billion and $5.0 billion related to these written put options and $2.3 billion and $1.6 billion related to other liquidity support. We also held $1.8 billion of AFS debt securities at March 31, 2008 issued by an unconsolidated CDO to which we no longer provide liquidity support.

 

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Leveraged Lease Trusts

The Corporation’s net investment in leveraged lease trusts totaled $6.2 billion at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. These amounts, which were recorded in loans and leases, represent the Corporation’s maximum loss exposure to these entities in the unlikely event that the leveraged lease investments become worthless. Debt issued by the leveraged lease trusts is nonrecourse to the Corporation. The Corporation has no liquidity exposure to these leveraged lease trusts.

Other

Other consolidated VIEs at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 consisted primarily of securitization vehicles, including an asset acquisition conduit that holds securities on the Corporation’s behalf and term securitization vehicles that did not meet QSPE status, as well as managed investment vehicles that invest in financial assets, primarily debt securities. The Corporation’s maximum exposure to loss of these VIEs included $5.4 billion and $7.4 billion of liquidity exposure to consolidated trusts that hold municipal bonds and $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion of liquidity exposure to the consolidated asset acquisition conduit at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. The assets of these consolidated VIEs were recorded in trading account assets, AFS debt securities and other assets. Other unconsolidated VIEs at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 consisted primarily of securitization vehicles, managed investment vehicles that invest in financial assets, primarily debt securities, and investments in affordable housing investment partnerships. Revenues associated with administration, asset management, liquidity, and other services were $2 million and $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

 

  NOTE 10 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following tables present goodwill and intangible assets at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

(Dollars in millions)    March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

Global Consumer and Small Business Banking

   $40,538    $40,340

Global Corporate and Investment Banking

   29,614    29,648

Global Wealth and Investment Management

   6,511    6,451

All Other

   1,209    1,091

Total goodwill

   $77,872    $77,530

 

The gross carrying values and accumulated amortization related to intangible assets at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 are presented below:

 

     March 31, 2008    December 31, 2007
(Dollars in millions)    Gross Carrying
Value
   Accumulated
Amortization
   Gross Carrying
Value
   Accumulated
Amortization

Purchased credit card relationships

   $7,062    $2,161    $7,027    $1,970

Core deposit intangibles

   4,594    2,943    4,594    2,828

Affinity relationships

   1,679    452    1,681    406

Other intangibles

   2,988    946    3,050    852

Total intangible assets

   $16,323    $6,502    $16,352    $6,056

 

Amortization of intangibles expense was $446 million and $389 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. The Corporation estimates that aggregate amortization expense is expected to be approximately $435 million for each of the remaining quarters of 2008. In addition, the Corporation estimates the aggregate amortization expense will be approximately $1.5 billion, $1.3 billion, $1.2 billion, $990 million and $830 million for 2009 through 2013, respectively.

 

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  NOTE 11 – Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Corporation enters into a number of off-balance sheet commitments. These commitments expose the Corporation to varying degrees of credit and market risk and are subject to the same credit and market risk limitation reviews as those instruments recorded on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 

Credit Extension Commitments

The Corporation enters into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments, SBLCs and commercial letters of credit to meet the financing needs of its customers. The unfunded legally binding lending commitments shown in the following table are net of amounts distributed (e.g., syndicated) to other financial institutions of $39.2 billion at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. At March 31, 2008, the carrying amount of these commitments, excluding fair value adjustments, was $536 million, including deferred revenue of $29 million and a reserve for unfunded legally binding lending commitments of $507 million. At December 31, 2007, the carrying amount of these commitments, excluding fair value adjustments, was $550 million, including deferred revenue of $32 million and a reserve for unfunded legally binding lending commitments of $518 million. The carrying amount of these commitments is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. For information regarding our loan commitments accounted for at fair value, see Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

(Dollars in millions)    Expires in 1
year or less
   Expires after 1
year through 3
years
   Expires after 3
years through
5 years
   Expires after
5 years
   Total

Credit extension commitments, March 31, 2008

              

Loan commitments

   $166,182    $93,978    $103,308    $28,770    $392,238

Home equity lines of credit

   8,337    1,814    2,921    107,225    120,297

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees

   32,322    14,322    8,612    8,940    64,196

Commercial letters of credit

   3,103    170    31    1,268    4,572

Legally binding commitments (1)

   209,944    110,284    114,872    146,203    581,303

Credit card lines

   883,710    18,261    -    -    901,971

Total credit extension commitments

   $1,093,654    $128,545    $114,872    $146,203    $1,483,274

Credit extension commitments, December 31, 2007

              

Loan commitments

   $178,931    $92,153    $106,904    $27,902    $405,890

Home equity lines of credit

   8,482    1,828    2,758    107,055    120,123

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees

   31,629    14,493    7,943    8,731    62,796

Commercial letters of credit

   3,753    50    33    717    4,553

Legally binding commitments (1)

   222,795    108,524    117,638    144,405    593,362

Credit card lines

   876,393    17,864    -    -    894,257

Total credit extension commitments

   $1,099,188    $126,388    $117,638    $144,405    $1,487,619

 

(1)

Includes commitments to VIEs disclosed in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements, including $44.4 billion and $47.3 billion to corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and $2.3 billion to CDOs for both period ends. Also includes commitments to SPEs that are not disclosed in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements because the Corporation does not hold a significant variable interest or because they are QSPEs, including $5.8 billion and $6.1 billion to municipal bond trusts at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and $1.7 billion to customer-sponsored conduits for both period ends.

 

Legally binding commitments to extend credit generally have specified rates and maturities. Certain of these commitments have adverse change clauses that help to protect the Corporation against deterioration in the borrowers’ ability to pay.

 

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The Corporation also facilitates bridge financing (high grade debt, high yield debt and equity) to fund acquisitions, recapitalizations and other short-term needs as well as provide syndicated financing for clients. These concentrations are managed in part through the Corporation’s established “originate to distribute” strategy. These client transactions are sometimes large and leveraged. They can also have a higher degree of risk as the Corporation is providing offers or commitments for various components of the clients’ capital structures, including lower-rated unsecured and subordinated debt tranches and/or equity. In many cases, these offers to finance will not be accepted. If accepted, these conditional commitments are often retired prior to or shortly following funding via the placement of securities, syndication or the client’s decision to terminate. Where the Corporation has a commitment and there is a market disruption or other unexpected event, there may be heightened exposure in the portfolios, and higher potential for loss, unless an orderly disposition of the exposure can be made. These commitments are not necessarily indicative of actual risk or funding requirements as the commitments may expire unused, the borrower may not be successful in completing the proposed transaction or may utilize multiple financing sources, including other investment and commercial banks, as well as accessing the general capital markets instead of drawing on the commitment. In addition, the Corporation may reduce its portion of the commitment through syndications to investors and/or lenders prior to funding. Therefore, these commitments are generally significantly greater than the amounts the Corporation will ultimately fund. Additionally, the borrower’s ability to draw on the commitment may be subject to there being no material adverse change in the borrower’s financial condition, among other factors. Commitments also generally contain certain flexible pricing features to adjust for changing market conditions prior to closing.

The Corporation’s share of the leveraged finance forward calendar was $3.9 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to $12.2 billion at December 31, 2007. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Corporation syndicated $6.2 billion, closed but had not yet syndicated $3.8 billion, had client terminations and other transactions of $1.6 billion, and had new transactions of $3.3 billion related to our leveraged finance forward calendar. The Corporation also had unfunded real estate loan commitments of $784 million at March 31, 2008 compared to $2.2 billion at December 31, 2007 with the primary change resulting from $1.2 billion of transactions that were funded.

 

Other Commitments

Principal Investing and Other Equity Investments

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Corporation had unfunded equity investment commitments of approximately $2.2 billion and $2.6 billion. These commitments relate primarily to the Strategic Investments portfolio, as well as equity commitments included in the Corporation’s Principal Investing business, which is comprised of a diversified portfolio of investments in privately-held and publicly-traded companies at all stages of their life cycle from start-up to buyout. These investments are made either directly in a company or held through a fund and are accounted for at fair value. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Corporation did not have any unfunded bridge equity commitments and had funded $1.2 billion of equity bridges, which are now considered held for investment. Bridge equity commitments provide equity bridge financing to facilitate clients’ investment activities. These conditional commitments are often retired prior to or shortly following funding via syndication or the client’s decision to terminate. Where the Corporation has a binding equity bridge commitment and there is a market disruption or other unexpected event, there may be heightened exposure in the portfolio and higher potential for loss, unless an orderly disposition of the exposure can be made.

U.S. Government Guaranteed Charge Cards

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the unfunded lending commitments related to charge cards (nonrevolving card lines) to individuals and government entities guaranteed by the U.S. Government in the amount of $9.8 billion and $9.9 billion were not included in credit card line commitments in the previous table. The outstanding balances related to these charge cards were $228 million and $193 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

Loan Purchases

At March 31, 2008, the Corporation had no collateralized mortgage obligation loan purchase commitments related to the Corporation’s ALM activities. At December 31, 2007, the Corporation had net collateralized mortgage obligation loan purchase commitments related to the Corporation’s ALM activities of $752 million, all of which settled in the first quarter of 2008.

 

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In 2005, the Corporation entered into an agreement for the committed purchase of retail automotive loans over a five-year period, ending June 30, 2010. The Corporation did not purchase any loans under this agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2008. In 2007, the Corporation purchased $4.5 billion of such loans. Under the agreement, the Corporation is committed to purchase up to $5.0 billion for the fiscal period July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008 and $10.0 billion in each of the agreement’s following two fiscal years. As of March 31, 2008, the remaining commitment amount was $25.0 billion.

Operating Leases

The Corporation is a party to operating leases for certain of its premises and equipment. Commitments under these leases approximate $2.1 billion, $1.9 billion, $1.6 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion for 2008 through 2012, respectively, and $8.2 billion for all years thereafter.

Other Commitments

Beginning in the second half of 2007, the Corporation provided support to certain cash funds managed within GWIM. The funds for which the Corporation provided support typically invest in high quality, short-term securities with a weighted average maturity of 90 days or less, including a limited number of securities issued by SIVs. Due to market disruptions, certain SIV investments were downgraded by the rating agencies and experienced a decline in fair value. The Corporation entered into capital commitments which required the Corporation to provide cash to these funds in the event the net asset value per unit of a fund declined below certain thresholds. The capital commitments expire no later than the third quarter of 2010. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Corporation had gross (i.e., funded and unfunded) capital commitments to the funds of $525 million and $565 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Corporation incurred losses of $127 million related to these capital commitments. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the remaining loss exposure on capital commitments was $16 million and $183 million. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Corporation purchased $994 million of investments from the funds and recorded losses of $93 million.

The Corporation may from time to time, but is under no obligation to, provide additional support to funds managed within GWIM. Future support, if any, may take the form of additional capital commitments to the funds or the purchase of assets from the funds.

The Corporation is not the primary beneficiary of the cash funds and does not consolidate the cash funds managed within GWIM because the subordinated support provided by the Corporation will not absorb a majority of the variability created by the assets of the funds. The cash funds had total assets under management of $176.2 billion at March 31, 2008.

 

Other Guarantees

Written Put Options

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Corporation provided liquidity support in the form of written put options on $3.9 billion and $10.0 billion of commercial paper issued by CDOs, including $3.2 billion issued by a consolidated CDO and $6.8 billion issued by unconsolidated CDOs at December 31, 2007. These agreements have various maturities ranging from two to five years. For more information regarding written put options, see Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Merchant Services

The Corporation provides credit and debit card processing services to various merchants by processing credit and debit card transactions on their behalf. In connection with these services, a liability may arise in the event of a billing dispute between the merchant and a cardholder that is ultimately resolved in the cardholder's favor and the merchant defaults upon its obligation to reimburse the cardholder. A cardholder, through its issuing bank, generally has until the later of up to six months after the date a transaction is processed or the delivery of the product or service to present a chargeback to the Corporation as the merchant processor. If the Corporation is unable to collect this amount from the merchant, it bears the loss for the amount paid to the cardholder. For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Corporation processed $88.3 billion and $82.8 billion of transactions and recorded losses as a result of these chargebacks of $4 million for both periods.

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Corporation held as collateral $21 million and $19 million of merchant escrow deposits which the Corporation has the right to offset against amounts due from the individual merchants. The Corporation also has the right to offset any payments with cash flows otherwise due to the merchant. Accordingly, the Corporation believes that the maximum potential exposure is not representative of the actual potential loss exposure. The Corporation believes the maximum potential exposure for chargebacks would not exceed the total amount of merchant transactions processed through Visa and MasterCard for the last six months, which represents the claim period for the cardholder, plus any outstanding delayed-delivery transactions. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the maximum potential exposure totaled approximately $148.4 billion and $151.2 billion.

Other Guarantees

For additional information on other guarantees, see Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For additional information on recourse obligations related to residential mortgage loans sold and other guarantees related to securitizations, see Note 8 – Securitizations to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Litigation and Regulatory Matters

The following supplements the disclosure in Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Municipal Derivatives Matters

Beginning in March 2008, the Corporation, Bank of America, N.A. and other financial institutions have been named as defendants in complaints filed in federal courts in the District of Columbia, New York and elsewhere. Plaintiffs purport to represent classes of government and private entities that purchased municipal derivatives from defendants. The complaints allege that defendants conspired to allocate customers and fix or stabilize the prices of certain municipal derivatives from 1992 through 2006. The plaintiffs’ complaints seek unspecified damages, including treble damages.

Pension Plan Matters

The Richards case.

A settlement agreement has been executed, and preliminary court approval has been obtained.

 

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Table of Contents
  NOTE 12 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share

 

Common Stock

The Corporation may repurchase shares, from time to time, in the open market or in private transactions through the Corporation’s approved repurchase program. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Corporation did not repurchase shares of common stock and issued 14.9 million shares under employee stock plans.

In April 2008, the Board authorized a quarterly cash dividend of $0.64 per common share payable on June 27, 2008 to shareholders of record on June 6, 2008.

In January 2008, the Board declared a first quarter cash dividend of $0.64 per common share which was paid on March 28, 2008 to shareholders of record on March 7, 2008.

 

Preferred Stock

In April 2008, the Corporation issued 160 thousand shares of Bank of America Corporation Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series M (Series M Preferred Stock) with a par value of $0.01 per share for $4.0 billion. The fixed rate is 8.125 percent through May 14, 2018 and then adjusts to three-month LIBOR plus 364 basis points (bps) thereafter. Ownership is held in the form of depositary shares, each representing a 1/25th interest in a share of Series M Preferred Stock, paying a semiannual cash dividend through May 14, 2018 then adjusts to a quarterly cash dividend, on the liquidation preference of $25,000 per share of Series M Preferred Stock. The Series M Preferred Stock is not convertible.

In January 2008, the Corporation issued 240 thousand shares of Bank of America Corporation Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series K (Series K Preferred Stock) with a par value of $0.01 per share for $6.0 billion. The fixed rate is 8.00 percent through January 29, 2018 and then adjusts to three-month LIBOR plus 363 bps thereafter. Ownership is held in the form of depositary shares, each representing a 1/25th interest in a share of Series K Preferred Stock, paying a semiannual cash dividend through January 29, 2018 then adjusts to a quarterly cash dividend, on the liquidation preference of $25,000 per share of Series K Preferred Stock. The Series K Preferred Stock is not convertible.

Also in January 2008, the Corporation issued 6.9 million shares of Bank of America Corporation 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L (Series L Preferred Stock) with a par value of $0.01 per share for $6.9 billion, paying a quarterly cash dividend on the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share of Series L Preferred Stock at an annual rate of 7.25 percent. Each share of the Series L Preferred Stock may be converted at any time, at the option of the holder, into 20 shares of the Corporation’s common stock plus cash in lieu of fractional shares. On or after January 30, 2013, the Corporation may cause some or all of the Series L Preferred Stock, at its option, at any time or from time to time, to be converted into shares of common stock at the then-applicable conversion rate if, for 20 trading days during any period of 30 consecutive trading days, the closing price of common stock exceeds 130 percent of the then-applicable conversion price of the Series L Preferred Stock. If the Corporation exercises its right to cause the automatic conversion of Series L Preferred Stock on January 30, 2013, it will still pay any accrued dividends payable on January 30, 2013 to the applicable holders of record.

The shares of the series of preferred stock discussed above are not subject to the operation of a sinking fund and have no participation rights. The holders of these series have no general voting rights. If any quarterly dividend payable on these series is in arrears for three or more semiannual or six or more quarterly dividend periods, as applicable (whether consecutive or not), the holders of these series and any other class or series of preferred stock ranking equally as to payment of dividends and upon which equivalent voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable (voting as a single class) will be entitled to vote for the election of two additional directors. These voting rights terminate when the Corporation has paid in full dividends on these series for at least two semiannual or four quarterly dividend periods, as applicable, following the dividend arrearage.

 

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Accumulated OCI

The following table presents the changes in accumulated OCI for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, net-of-tax.

 

(Dollars in millions)    Securities (1)    Derivatives (2)    Employee
Benefit Plans
  

Foreign

Currency

   Total

Balance, December 31, 2007

   $6,536    $(4,402)    $(1,301)    $296    $1,129

Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI

   (1,943)    (478)    -    20    (2,401)

Net realized losses reclassified into earnings (3)

   208    162    18    -    388

Balance, March 31, 2008

   $4,801    $(4,718)    $(1,283)    $316    $(884)

Balance, December 31, 2006

   $(2,733)    $(3,697)    $(1,428)    $147    $(7,711)

Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI

   98    31    -    (25)    104

Net realized (gains) losses reclassified into earnings (3)

   (206)    109    31    13    (53)

Balance, March 31, 2007

   $(2,841)    $(3,557)    $(1,397)    $135    $(7,660)

 

(1)

For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the Corporation reclassified net realized (gains) losses into earnings on the sale and impairments of AFS debt securities of $213 million and $(39) million, net-of-tax, and net realized (gains) on the sales and impairments of AFS marketable equity securities of $(5) million and $(167) million, net-of-tax.

 

(2)

The amounts included in accumulated OCI for terminated interest rate derivative contracts were losses of $3.6 billion and $3.4 billion, net-of-tax, at March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

(3)

Included in this line item are amounts related to derivatives used in cash flow hedge relationships. These amounts are reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings. This line item also includes (gains) losses on AFS debt and marketable equity securities and impairment charges. These amounts are reclassified into earnings upon sale of the related security or when the impairment charge is recognized.

 

Earnings per Common Share

Earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares issued and outstanding. For diluted earnings per common share, net income available to common shareholders can be affected by the conversion of the registrant’s convertible preferred stock. Where the effect of this conversion would have been dilutive, net income available to common shareholders is adjusted by the associated preferred dividends. This adjusted net income is divided by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding for each period plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of stock options outstanding, restricted stock, restricted stock units and the dilution resulting from the conversion of the registrant’s convertible preferred stock, if applicable. The effects of convertible preferred stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock options are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive. Dilutive potential common shares are calculated using the treasury stock method.

 

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The calculation of earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 is presented below.

 

     Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions, except per share information; shares in thousands)            2008                    2007        

Earnings per common share

     

Net income

   $1,210    $5,255

Preferred stock dividends

   (190)    (46)

Net income available to common shareholders

   $1,020    $5,209

Average common shares issued and outstanding

   4,427,823    4,432,664

Earnings per common share

   $0.23    $1.18

Diluted earnings per common share

     

Net income available to common shareholders

   $1,020    $5,209

Average common shares issued and outstanding

   4,427,823    4,432,664

Dilutive potential common shares (1, 2)

   33,378    64,364

Total diluted average common shares issued and outstanding

   4,461,201    4,497,028

Diluted earnings per common share

   $0.23    $1.16

 

(1)

For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, average options to purchase 135 million and 17 million shares were outstanding but not included in the computation of earnings per common share because they were antidilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, 96.5 million average dilutive potential common shares associated with the convertible Series L Preferred Stock issued in January of 2008 were excluded from the diluted share count because the result would have been antidilutive under the “if-converted” method.

 

(2)

Includes incremental shares from restricted stock units, restricted stock shares and stock options.

 

 

  NOTE 13 – Pension and Postretirement Plans

The Corporation sponsors noncontributory trusteed qualified pension plans that cover substantially all officers and employees, a number of noncontributory nonqualified pension plans, and postretirement health and life plans. The Bank of America Pension Plan (the Pension Plan) allows participants to select from various earnings measures, which are based on the returns of certain funds or common stock of the Corporation. The participant-selected earnings measures determine the earnings rate on the individual participant account balances in the Pension Plan. A detailed discussion of these plans is presented in Note 16 – Employee Benefit Plans to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Net periodic benefit cost (income) for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 included the following components:

 

     Three Months Ended March 31
     Qualified Pension Plans    Nonqualified Pension Plans    Postretirement Health and
Life Plans
(Dollars in millions)        2008            2007            2008            2007            2008            2007    

Components of net periodic benefit cost (income)

                 

Service cost

   $88    $86    $2    $3    $5    $3

Interest cost

   210    180    19    18    23    22

Expected return on plan assets

   (361)    (316)    -    -    (3)    (2)

Amortization of transition obligation

   -    -    -    -    8    8

Amortization of prior service cost (credits)

   12    12    (2)    (2)    -    -

Recognized net actuarial loss (gain)

   16    33    3    5    (8)    (6)

Net periodic benefit cost (income)

   $(35)    $(5)    $22    $24    $25    $25

 

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During 2008, the Corporation expects to contribute $105 million and $101 million to its Nonqualified Pension Plans and Postretirement Health and Life Plans. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Corporation contributed $52 million and $25 million to these plans. The Corporation does not expect to contribute to its Qualified Pension Plans during 2008.

 

  Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures

 

Fair Value Option

Corporate Loans and Loan Commitments

The Corporation accounts for certain large corporate loans and loan commitments which exceeded the Corporation’s single name credit risk concentration guidelines at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159. Lending commitments, both funded and unfunded, are actively managed and monitored, and, as appropriate, credit risk for these lending relationships may be mitigated through the use of credit derivatives, with the Corporation’s credit view and market perspectives determining the size and timing of the hedging activity. These credit derivatives do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting under SFAS 133 and are therefore carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in other income. SFAS 159 allows the Corporation to account for these loans and loan commitments at fair value, which is more consistent with management’s view of the underlying economics and the manner in which they are managed. In addition, accounting for these loans and loan commitments at fair value reduces the accounting asymmetry that would otherwise result from carrying the loans at historical cost and the credit derivatives at fair value.

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, funded loans that the Corporation fair values had an aggregate fair value of $5.06 billion and $4.59 billion recorded in loans and leases and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $5.41 billion and $4.82 billion. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, unfunded loan commitments that the Corporation fair values had an aggregate fair value of $903 million and $660 million recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities and an aggregate committed exposure of $20.3 billion and $20.9 billion. Interest income on these loans and commitment fees on these loan commitments are recorded in interest and fees on loans and leases. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, none of these loans were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest or had been placed on nonaccrual status. Net losses resulting from changes in fair value of these loans and loan commitments of $361 million and $27 million were recorded in other income during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. These changes in fair value were predominately offset by hedging activities. These losses were primarily attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.

Loans Held-for-Sale

The Corporation also accounts for certain LHFS at fair value. Using fair value allows a better offset of the changes in fair values of the loans and the derivative instruments used to economically hedge them without the burden of complying with the requirements for hedge accounting under SFAS 133. The Corporation does not fair value other LHFS primarily because these loans are floating rate loans that are not economically hedged using derivative instruments. Fair values for LHFS are based on quoted market prices, where available, or are determined by discounting estimated cash flows using interest rates approximating the Corporation’s current origination rates for similar loans and adjusted to reflect the inherent credit risk. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, residential mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans, and other LHFS that the Corporation fair values had an aggregate fair value of $12.10 billion and $15.77 billion and an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $13.49 billion and $16.72 billion and were recorded in other assets. Interest income on these loans is recorded in other interest income. Net gains (losses) resulting from changes in fair value of these loans during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, including realized gains (losses) on sale, of $15 million and $56 million were recorded in mortgage banking income, $(611) million and $(7) million were recorded in trading account profits (losses), and $(45) million and $5 million were recorded in other income. These changes in fair value were predominately offset by hedging activities. Approximately $40 million of these losses were attributable to instrument-specific credit risk during the three months ended March 31, 2008.

Structured Reverse Repurchase Agreements

The Corporation fair values certain structured reverse repurchase agreements which are hedged with derivatives. Using fair value allows the Corporation to reduce volatility in earnings without the burden of complying with the requirements of hedge accounting under SFAS 133. At March 31, 2008 and December

 

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31, 2007, these instruments had an aggregate fair value of $2.66 billion and $2.58 billion and a principal balance of $2.64 billion and $2.54 billion recorded in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell. Interest earned on these instruments continues to be recorded in interest income. Net gains resulting from changes in fair value of these instruments of $3 million and $2 million were recorded in other income for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. The Corporation does not fair value other financial instruments within the same balance sheet category because they were not economically hedged using derivatives.

Long-term Deposits

The Corporation fair values certain long-term fixed rate deposits which are economically hedged with derivatives. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, these instruments had an aggregate fair value of $2.01 billion and $2.00 billion and a principal balance of $1.94 billion and $1.99 billion recorded in interest-bearing deposits. Interest paid on these instruments continues to be recorded in interest expense. Net losses resulting from changes in fair value of these instruments of $54 million and $1 million were recorded in other income for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. Using fair value allows the Corporation to reduce the accounting volatility that would otherwise result from the accounting asymmetry created by accounting for the financial instruments at historical cost and the economic hedges at fair value. The Corporation does not fair value other financial instruments within the same balance sheet category because they were not economically hedged using derivatives.

 

Fair Value Measurement

SFAS 157 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Corporation determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established in SFAS 157 which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. The Corporation carries certain corporate loans and loan commitments, LHFS, structured reverse repurchase agreements, and long-term deposits at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159. The Corporation also carries at fair value trading account assets and liabilities, derivative assets and liabilities, AFS debt securities, MSRs, and certain other assets. A detailed discussion on how the Corporation measures fair value is presented in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Level 1, 2 and 3 Valuation Techniques

Financial instruments are considered Level 1 when valuation can be based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 financial instruments are valued using quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data of substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Financial instruments are considered Level 3 when their values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable and when determination of the fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

The Corporation also uses market indices for direct inputs to certain models, where the cash settlement is directly linked to appreciation or depreciation of that particular index (primarily in the context of structured credit products). In those cases, no material adjustments are made off of the index-based values. In other cases, market indices are also used as inputs to valuation, but are adjusted for trade specific factors such as rating, credit quality, vintage and other factors.

Corporate Loans and Loan Commitments

The fair values of loans and loan commitments are based on market prices, where available, or discounted cash flows using market-based credit spreads of comparable debt instruments or credit derivatives of the specific borrower or comparable borrowers. Results of discounted cash flow calculations may be adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect other market conditions or the perceived credit risk of the borrower.

 

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Structured Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Long-term Deposits

The fair values of structured reverse repurchase agreements and long-term deposits are determined using quantitative models, including discounted cash flow models, that require the use of multiple market inputs including interest rates and spreads to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors, which are used to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.

Trading Account Assets and Liabilities and Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The fair values of trading account assets and liabilities are primarily based on actively traded markets where prices are based on either direct market quotes or observed transactions. The fair values of AFS debt securities are generally based on quoted market prices or market prices for similar assets. Liquidity is a significant factor in the determination of the fair values of trading account assets or liabilities and AFS debt securities. Market price quotes may not be readily available for some positions, or positions within a market sector where trading activity has slowed significantly or ceased such as certain CDO positions and other ABS. Some of these instruments are valued using a net asset value approach, which considers the value of the underlying securities. Underlying assets are valued using external pricing services, where available, or matrix pricing based on the vintages and ratings. Situations of illiquidity generally are triggered by the market’s perception of credit uncertainty regarding a single company or a specific market sector. In these instances, fair value is determined based on limited available market information and other factors, principally from reviewing the issuer’s financial statements and changes in credit ratings made by one or more rating agencies.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities

The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities traded in the over-the-counter market are determined using quantitative models that require the use of multiple market inputs including interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves and volatility factors, which are used to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services. Estimation risk is greater for derivative asset and liability positions that are either option-based or have longer maturity dates where observable market inputs are less readily available or are unobservable, in which case, quantitative-based extrapolations of rate, price or index scenarios are used in determining fair values. The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities include adjustments for market liquidity, counterparty credit quality and other deal specific factors, where appropriate.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The fair values of MSRs are determined using models which depend on estimates of prepayment rates, the resultant weighted average lives of the MSRs and the option adjusted spread levels. For more information on MSRs, see Note 15 – Mortgage Servicing Rights to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Assets

The Corporation fair values certain other assets including certain LHFS, AFS equity securities and certain retained residual interests in securitization vehicles. The fair values of LHFS are based on quoted market prices, where available, or are determined by discounting estimated cash flows using interest rates approximating the Corporation’s current origination rates for similar loans adjusted to reflect the inherent credit risk. The fair values of AFS equity securities are generally based on quoted market prices or market prices for similar assets. However, non-public investments are initially valued at transaction price and subsequently adjusted when evidence is available to support such adjustments. Retained residual interests in securitization vehicles are based on certain observable inputs such as interest rates and credit spreads, as well as unobservable inputs such as estimated net charge-off and payment rates.

 

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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial instruments that the Corporation accounts for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159, are summarized below:

 

     March 31, 2008
     Fair Value Measurements Using     
(Dollars in millions)    Level 1    Level 2    Level 3    Netting
Adjustments (1)
   Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value

Assets

              

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

   $-    $2,661    $-    $-    $2,661

Trading account assets

   54,062    106,109    5,522    -    165,693

Derivative assets

   1,082    782,438    10,834    (743,429)    50,925

Available-for-sale debt securities

   2,221    209,981    9,658    -    221,860

Loans and leases (2)

   -    -    5,057    -    5,057

Mortgage servicing rights

   -    -    3,163    -    3,163

Other assets (3)

   19,019    12,411    5,496    -    36,926

Total assets

   $76,384    $1,113,600    $39,730    $(743,429)    $486,285

Liabilities

              

Interest-bearing deposits in domestic offices

   $-    $2,005    $-    $-    $2,005

Trading account liabilities

   58,395    17,637    -    -    76,032

Derivative liabilities

   987    755,599    10,518    (737,934)    29,170

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

   -    -    903    -    903

Total liabilities

   $59,382    $775,241    $11,421    $(737,934)    $108,110
     December 31, 2007
     Fair Value Measurements Using     
(Dollars in millions)    Level 1    Level 2    Level 3    Netting
Adjustments (1)
   Assets/Liabilities
at Fair Value

Assets

              

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

   $-    $2,578    $-    $-    $2,578

Trading account assets

   42,986    115,051    4,027    -    162,064

Derivative assets

   516    442,471    8,972    (417,297)    34,662

Available-for-sale debt securities

   2,089    205,734    5,507    -    213,330

Loans and leases (2)

   -    -    4,590    -    4,590

Mortgage servicing rights

   -    -    3,053    -    3,053

Other assets (3)

   19,796    15,971    5,321    -    41,088

Total assets

   $65,387    $781,805    $31,470    $(417,297)    $461,365

Liabilities

              

Interest-bearing deposits in domestic offices

   $-    $2,000    $-    $-    $2,000

Trading account liabilities

   57,331    20,011    -    -    77,342

Derivative liabilities

   534    426,223    10,175    (414,509)    22,423

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

   -    -    660    -    660

Total liabilities

   $57,865    $448,234    $10,835    $(414,509)    $102,425

 

(1)

Amounts represent the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow the Corporation to settle positive and negative positions and also cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.

 

(2)

Loans and leases at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 included $22.1 billion and $22.6 billion of leases that were not eligible for the fair value option as they were specifically excluded from fair value option election in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

(3)

Other assets include equity investments held by Principal Investing, AFS equity securities and certain retained residual interests in securitization vehicles, including interest-only strips. Certain LHFS are also accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159. Substantially all of other assets are eligible for fair value accounting at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

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The table below presents a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

     Total Fair Value Measurements
     Three Months Ended March 31, 2008

Level 3 Instruments Only

(Dollars in millions)

   Net
Derivatives (1)
   Trading
Account
Assets
  

Available-

for-Sale Debt
Securities

   Loans
and
Leases (2)
   Mortgage
Servicing
Rights
   Other
Assets (3)
   Accrued
Expenses
and Other
Liabilities (2)

Balance, January 1, 2008

   $(1,203)    $4,027    $5,507    $4,590    $3,053    $5,321    $(660)

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                    

Included in earnings

   490    (560)    (489)    (125)    (47)    423    (243)

Included in other comprehensive income

   -    -    (582)    -    -    -    -

Purchases, issuances, and settlements

   524    (568)    1,252    592    157    (124)    -

Transfers in to/out of Level 3

   505    2,623    3,970    -    -    (124)    -

Balance, March 31, 2008

   $316    $5,522    $9,658    $5,057    $3,163    $5,496    $(903)
     Total Fair Value Measurements
     Three Months Ended March 31, 2007

Level 3 Instruments Only

(Dollars in millions)

   Net
Derivatives (1)
   Trading
Account
Assets
   Available-for-Sale
Debt Securities
   Loans
and
Leases (2)
   Mortgage
Servicing
Rights
   Other
Assets (3)
   Accrued
Expenses
and Other
Liabilities (2)

Balance, January 1, 2007

   $788    $303    $1,133    $3,947    $2,869    $6,605    $(349)

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                    

Included in earnings

   (64)    (30)    -    1    121    730    (28)

Included in other comprehensive income

   -    -    4    -    -    (51)    -

Purchases, issuances, and settlements

   (108)    (4)    (65)    (89)    (27)    (1,403)    -

Transfers in to/out of Level 3

   (8)    -    -    -    -    (14)    -

Balance, March 31, 2007

   $608    $269    $1,072    $3,859    $2,963    $5,867    $(377)

 

(1)

Net derivatives at March 31, 2008 and 2007 included derivative assets of $10.83 billion and $6.91 billion and derivative liabilities of $10.52 billion and $6.31 billion.

 

(2)

Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 including commercial loan commitments recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

 

(3)

Other assets include equity investments held by Principal Investing and certain retained interests in securitization vehicles, including interest-only strips. Certain portfolios of LHFS, principally reverse mortgages, are also accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

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The table below summarizes gains and losses due to changes in fair value, including both realized and unrealized gains and losses, recorded in earnings for Level 3 assets and liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. These amounts include those gains and losses generated by loans, LHFS and loan commitments which are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

     Total Gains (Losses)

Level 3 Instruments Only

(Dollars in millions)

   Net
Derivatives
   Trading
Account
Assets
  

Available-

for-Sale
Debt
Securities

   Loans
and
Leases (1)
   Mortgage
Servicing
Rights
   Other
Assets (2)
   Accrued
Expenses
and Other
Liabilities (1)
   Total

Classification of realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2008:

                       

Card income

   $-    $-    $-    $-    $-    $464    $-    $464

Equity investment income

   -    -    -    -    -    6    -    6

Trading account profits (losses)

   358    (560)    -    (2)    -    (30)    (5)    (239)

Mortgage banking income (loss)

   132    -    -    -    (47)    (25)    -    60

Other income

   -    -    (489)    (123)    -    8    (238)    (842)

Total

   $490    $(560)    $(489)    $(125)    $(47)    $423    $(243)    $(551)

Classification of realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2007:

                       

Card income

   $-    $-    $-    $-    $-    $181    $-    $181

Equity investment income

   -    -    -    -    -    508    -    508

Trading account losses

   (69)    (30)    -    -    -    -    -    (99)

Mortgage banking income

   5    -    -    -    121    -    -    126

Other income

   -    -    -    1    -    41    (28)    14

Total

   $(64)    $(30)    $-    $1    $121    $730    $(28)    $730

 

(1)

Amounts represent items which are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

(2)

Amounts include certain portfolios of LHFS which are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

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The table below summarizes changes in unrealized gains or losses recorded in earnings during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 for Level 3 assets and liabilities that are still held at March 31, 2008 and 2007. These amounts include changes in fair value of loans, LHFS and loan commitments which are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

     Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses)

Level 3 Instruments Only

(Dollars in millions)

   Net
Derivatives
   Trading
Account
Assets
  

Available-

for- Sale
Debt
Securities

   Loans
and
Leases (1)
   Mortgage
Servicing
Rights
   Other
Assets (2)
   Accrued
Expenses
and Other
Liabilities (1)
   Total

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at reporting date for the three months ended March 31, 2008:

                       

Card income

   $-    $-    $-    $-    $-    $203    $-    $203

Equity investment income

   -    -    -    -    -    (62)    -    (62)

Trading account profits (losses)

   103    (541)    -    -    -    (27)    -    (465)

Mortgage banking income (loss)

   71    -    -    -    (96)    (19)    -    (44)

Other income

   -    -    (476)    (153)    -    (1)    (354)    (984)

Total

   $174    $(541)    $(476)    $(153)    $(96)    $94    $(354)    $(1,352)

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at reporting date for the three months ended March 31, 2007:

                       

Card income

   $-    $-    $-    $-    $-    $28    $-    $28

Equity investment income

   -    -    -    -    -    118    -    118

Trading account losses

   (158)    (30)    -    -    -    -    -    (188)

Mortgage banking income

   4    -    -    -    60    -    -    64

Other income

   -    -    -    (1)    -    -    (31)    (32)

Total

   $(154)    $(30)    $-    $(1)    $60    $146    $(31)    $(10)

 

(1)

Amounts represented items which are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

(2)

Amounts include certain portfolios of LHFS which are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., LHFS, unfunded loan commitments held-for-sale, and commercial and residential reverse mortgage MSRs, all of which are carried at the lower of cost or market). At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LHFS that the Corporation does not account for at fair value with an aggregate cost of $19.78 billion and $14.70 billion had been written down to fair value of $18.66 billion and $14.50 billion (of which $1.93 billion and $1.20 billion were measured using Level 2 inputs, and $16.73 billion and $13.30 billion were measured using Level 3 inputs within the fair value hierarchy). During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, losses of $509 million and $41 million were recorded in other income (primarily leveraged LHFS), losses of $8 million and $4 million were recorded in mortgage banking income (primarily consumer mortgage LHFS), and losses of $173 million and $0 were recorded in trading account profits (losses) (primarily commercial mortgage LHFS).

 

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  NOTE 15 – Mortgage Servicing Rights

The Corporation accounts for residential first mortgage MSRs at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income in mortgage banking income. The Corporation economically hedges these MSRs with certain derivatives such as options, forward settlement contracts and interest rate swaps.

The following table presents activity for residential first mortgage MSRs for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

     Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)        2008            2007    

Balance, beginning of the period

   $3,053    $2,869

Additions

   366    171

Impact of customer payments

   (197)    (183)

Other changes in MSR market value

   (59)    106

Balance, March 31

   $3,163    $2,963

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2008, other changes in MSR market value of $(59) million reflects the change in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, mostly due to changes in interest rates, as well as the effect of model changes. The amount does not include $12 million resulting from the actual cash received exceeding expected prepayments. The net amount of $(47) million is included in the line “mortgage banking income (loss)” in the table “Total Gains (Losses)” in Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The key economic assumptions used in valuations of MSRs include modeled prepayment rates, the resultant weighted average lives of the MSRs and the option adjusted spread levels. Commercial and residential reverse mortgage MSRs are accounted for using the amortization method (i.e., lower of cost or market). Commercial and residential reverse mortgage MSRs totaled $307 million and $294 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and are not included in the table above.

 

  NOTE 16 – Business Segment Information

The Corporation reports the results of its operations through three business segments: Global Consumer and Small Business Banking (GCSBB), Global Corporate and Investment Banking (GCIB) and Global Wealth and Investment Management (GWIM). The Corporation may periodically reclassify business segment results based on modifications to its management reporting methodologies and changes in organizational alignment.

 

Global Consumer and Small Business Banking

GCSBB provides a diversified range of products and services to individuals and small businesses. The Corporation reports GCSBB’s results, specifically credit card, business card and certain unsecured lending portfolios, on a managed basis. This basis of presentation excludes the Corporation’s securitized mortgage and home equity portfolios for which the Corporation retains servicing. Reporting on a managed basis is consistent with the way that management evaluates the results of GCSBB. Managed basis assumes that securitized loans were not sold and presents earnings on these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold (i.e., held loans) are presented. Loan securitization is an alternative funding process that is used by the Corporation to diversify funding sources. Loan securitization removes loans from the Consolidated Balance Sheet through the sale of loans to an off-balance sheet QSPE which is excluded from the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP.

 

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The performance of the managed portfolio is important in understanding GCSBB’s results as it demonstrates the results of the entire portfolio serviced by the business. Securitized loans continue to be serviced by the business and are subject to the same underwriting standards and ongoing monitoring as held loans. In addition, retained excess servicing income is exposed to similar credit risk and repricing of interest rates as held loans. GCSBB’s managed income statement line items differ from a held basis as follows:

 

   

Managed net interest income includes GCSBB’s net interest income on held loans and interest income on the securitized loans less the internal funds transfer pricing allocation related to securitized loans.

 

   

Managed noninterest income includes GCSBB’s noninterest income on a held basis less the reclassification of certain components of card income (e.g., excess servicing income) to record managed net interest income and provision for credit losses. Noninterest income, both on a held and managed basis, also includes the impact of adjustments to the interest-only strip that are recorded in card income as management continues to manage this impact within GCSBB.

 

   

Provision for credit losses represents the provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio.

 

Global Corporate and Investment Banking

GCIB provides a wide range of financial services to both the Corporation’s issuer and investor clients that range from business banking clients to large international corporate and institutional investor clients using a strategy to deliver value-added financial products and advisory solutions.

 

Global Wealth and Investment Management

GWIM offers investment and brokerage services, estate management, financial planning services, fiduciary management, credit and banking expertise, and diversified asset management products to institutional clients, as well as affluent and high net-worth individuals. GWIM also includes the impact of migrated qualifying affluent customers, including their related deposit balances, from GCSBB. After migration, the associated net interest income, service charges and noninterest expense on the deposit balances are recorded in GWIM.

 

All Other

All Other consists of equity investment activities including Principal Investing, Corporate Investments and Strategic Investments, the residual impact of the allowance for credit losses and the cost allocation processes, merger and restructuring charges, intersegment eliminations, and the results of certain businesses that are expected to be or have been sold or are in the process of being liquidated (e.g., the Corporation’s operations in Chile and Uruguay and Marsico Capital Management, LLC). All Other also includes certain amounts associated with ALM activities, including the residual impact of funds transfer pricing allocation methodologies, amounts associated with the change in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges of interest rate and foreign exchange rate fluctuations that did not qualify for SFAS 133 hedge accounting treatment, foreign exchange rate fluctuations related to SFAS No. 52, “Foreign Currency Translation” revaluation of foreign denominated debt issuances, certain gains (losses) on sales of whole mortgage loans, and gains (losses) on sales of debt securities. All Other also includes adjustments to noninterest income and income tax expense to remove the FTE impact of items (primarily low-income housing tax credits) that have been grossed up within noninterest income to a FTE amount in the business segments. In addition, GCSBB is reported on a managed basis which includes a “securitization impact” adjustment which has the effect of assuming that loans that have been securitized were not sold and presenting these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold are presented. All Other’s results include a corresponding “securitization offset” which removes the impact of these securitized loans in order to present the consolidated results of the Corporation on a GAAP basis (i.e., held basis).

 

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Table of Contents
Basis of Presentation

Total revenue, net of interest expense, includes net interest income on a FTE basis and noninterest income. The adjustment of net interest income to a FTE basis results in a corresponding increase in income tax expense. The net interest income of the businesses includes the results of a funds transfer pricing process that matches assets and liabilities with similar interest rate sensitivity and maturity characteristics. Net interest income of the business segments also includes an allocation of net interest income generated by the Corporation’s ALM activities.

Certain expenses not directly attributable to a specific business segment are allocated to the segments based on pre-determined means. The most significant of these expenses include data processing costs, item processing costs and certain centralized or shared functions. Data processing costs are allocated to the segments based on equipment usage. Item processing costs are allocated to the segments based on the volume of items processed for each segment. The costs of certain centralized or shared functions are allocated based on methodologies which reflect utilization.

 

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Table of Contents

The following table presents total revenue, net of interest expense, on a FTE basis and net income for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007, and total assets at March 31, 2008 and 2007 for each business segment, as well as All Other.

 

Business Segments

Three Months Ended March 31

     
   Total Corporation (1)    Global Consumer and Small

Business Banking (2, 3)

   Global Corporate and

Investment Banking (2)

(Dollars in millions)

       2008            2007            2008            2007              2008                2007      

Net interest income (4)

   $10,291    $8,597    $7,684    $7,004    $3,599    $2,422

Noninterest income

   7,012    9,887    5,622    4,327    (431)    2,978

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   17,303    18,484    13,306    11,331    3,168    5,400

Provision for credit losses (5)

   6,010    1,235    6,452    2,411    523    115

Amortization of intangibles

   446    389    331    328    48    43

Other noninterest expense

   8,749    8,708    4,808    4,347    2,413    2,887

Income before income taxes

   2,098    8,152    1,715    4,245    184    2,355

Income tax expense (4)

   888    2,897    625    1,573    69    878

Net income

   $1,210    $5,255    $1,090    $2,672    $115    $1,477

Period-end total assets

   $1,736,502    $1,502,157    $437,237    $409,883    $791,962    $716,132

 

     Global Wealth and
Investment Management (2)
   All Other (2, 3)

(Dollars in millions)

       2008            2007            2008            2007    

Net interest income (4)

   $998    $923    $(1,990)    $(1,752)

Noninterest income

   924    858    897    1,724

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   1,922    1,781    (1,093)    (28)

Provision for credit losses (5)

   243    23    (1,208)    (1,314)

Amortization of intangibles

   60    16    7    2

Other noninterest expense

   1,256    959    272    515

Income (loss) before income taxes

   363    783    (164)    769

Income tax expense (4)

   135    292    59    154

Net income (loss)

   $228    $491    $(223)    $615

Period-end total assets

   $163,013    $127,404    $344,290    $248,738

 

(1)

There were no material intersegment revenues among the segments.

 

(2)

Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

 

(3)

GCSBB is presented on a managed basis with a corresponding offset recorded in All Other.

 

(4)

FTE basis

 

(5)

Provision for credit losses represents: For GCSBB – Provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio and for All Other – Provision for credit losses combined with the GCSBB securitization offset.

 

GCSBB is reported on a managed basis which includes a “securitization impact” adjustment which has the effect of presenting securitized loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold are presented. All Other’s results include a corresponding “securitization offset” which removes the impact of these securitized loans in order to present the consolidated results of the Corporation on a held basis. The tables below reconcile GCSBB and All Other to a held basis by reclassifying net interest income, all other income and realized credit losses associated with the securitized loans to card income.

 

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Global Consumer and Small Business Banking – Reconciliation

     Three Months Ended March 31, 2008    Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
(Dollars in millions)    Managed
Basis (1)
   Securitization
Impact (2)
   Held
Basis
   Managed
Basis (1)
   Securitization
Impact (2)
   Held
Basis

Net interest income (3)

   $7,684    $(2,055)    $5,629    $7,004    $(1,890)    $5,114

Noninterest income:

                 

Card income

   2,725    704    3,429    2,381    839    3,220

Service charges

   1,566    -    1,566    1,377    -    1,377

Mortgage banking income

   656    -    656    302    -    302

All other income

   675    (65)    610    267    (77)    190

Total noninterest income

   5,622    639    6,261    4,327    762    5,089

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   13,306    (1,416)    11,890    11,331    (1,128)    10,203

Provision for credit losses

   6,452    (1,416)    5,036    2,411    (1,128)    1,283

Noninterest expense

   5,139    -    5,139    4,675    -    4,675

Income before income taxes

   1,715    -    1,715    4,245    -    4,245

Income tax expense (3)

   625    -    625    1,573    -    1,573

Net income

   $1,090    $-    $1,090    $2,672    $-    $2,672

 

(1)

Provision for credit losses represents provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio.

 

(2)

The securitization impact on net interest income is on a funds transfer pricing methodology consistent with the way funding costs are allocated to the businesses.

 

(3)

FTE basis

 

All Other – Reconciliation

     Three Months Ended March 31, 2008    Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
(Dollars in millions)    Reported
Basis (1)
   Securitization
Offset (2)
   As
Adjusted
   Reported
Basis (1)
   Securitization
Offset (2)
   As
Adjusted

Net interest income (3)

   $(1,990)    $2,055    $65    $(1,752)    $1,890    $138

Noninterest income:

                 

Card income

   664    (704)    (40)    721    (839)    (118)

Equity investment income

   268    -    268    896    -    896

Gains on sales of debt securities

   220    -    220    61    -    61

All other income (loss)

   (255)    65    (190)    46    77    123

Total noninterest income

   897    (639)    258    1,724    (762)    962

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   (1,093)    1,416    323    (28)    1,128    1,100

Provision for credit losses

   (1,208)    1,416    208    (1,314)    1,128    (186)

Merger and restructuring charges

   170    -    170    111    -    111

All other noninterest expense

   109    -    109    406    -    406

Income (loss) before income taxes

   (164)    -    (164)    769    -    769

Income tax expense (3)

   59    -    59    154    -    154

Net income (loss)

   $(223)    $-    $(223)    $615    $-    $615

 

(1)

Provision for credit losses represents provision for credit losses in All Other combined with the GCSBB securitization offset.

 

(2)

The securitization offset to net interest income is on a funds transfer pricing methodology consistent with the way funding costs are allocated to the businesses.

(3)

FTE basis

 

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The following table presents reconciliations of the three business segments’ (GCSBB, GCIB and GWIM) total revenue, net of interest expense, on a FTE basis and net income to the Consolidated Statement of Income. The adjustments presented in the table below include consolidated income and expense amounts not specifically allocated to individual business segments.

 

      Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)        2008            2007    

Segments’ total revenue, net of interest expense (1)

   $18,396    $18,512

Adjustments:

     

ALM activities

   279    96

Equity investment income

   268    896

Liquidating businesses

   73    426

FTE basis adjustment

   (300)    (329)

Managed securitization impact to total revenue, net of interest expense

   (1,416)    (1,128)

Other

   (297)    (318)

Consolidated revenue, net of interest expense

   $17,003    $18,155

Segments’ net income

   $1,433    $4,640

Adjustments, net of taxes:

     

ALM activities

   (28)    (4)

Equity investment income

   169    564

Liquidating businesses

   33    305

Merger and restructuring charges

   (107)    (70)

Other

   (290)    (180)

Consolidated net income

   $1,210    $5,255

 

(1)

FTE basis

 

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Table of Contents

Bank of America Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Table of Contents

   Page

Recent Events

   43

Performance Overview

   44

Financial Highlights

   45

Supplemental Financial Data

   50

Business Segment Operations

   56

Global Consumer and Small Business Banking

   57

Global Corporate and Investment Banking

   63

Global Wealth and Investment Management

   72

All Other

   77

Off- and On-Balance Sheet Arrangements

   79

Obligations and Commitments

   83

Fair Values of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

   84

Managing Risk

   87

Strategic Risk Management

   87

Liquidity Risk and Capital Management

   88

Credit Risk Management

   92

Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management

   93

Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management

   102

Foreign Portfolio

   113

Provision for Credit Losses

   115

Allowance for Credit Losses

   116

Market Risk Management

   119

Trading Risk Management

   120

Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities

   124

Mortgage Banking Risk Management

   128

Operational Risk Management

   128

Recent Accounting and Reporting Developments

   129

Complex Accounting Estimates

   129

Glossary

   130

Throughout the MD&A, we use certain acronyms and

abbreviations which are defined in the Glossary beginning on page 130.

 

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, our forward-looking statements. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could” are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Readers of the Form 10-Q of Bank of America Corporation and its subsidiaries (the Corporation) should not rely solely on the forward-looking statements and should consider all uncertainties and risks throughout this report as well as those discussed under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The statements are representative only as of the date they are made, and the Corporation undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement.

Possible events or factors that could cause results or performance to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include the following: changes in general economic conditions and economic conditions in the geographic regions and industries in which the Corporation operates which may affect, among other things, the level of nonperforming assets, charge-offs and provision expense; changes in the interest rate environment and market liquidity which may reduce interest margins, impact funding sources and affect the ability to originate and distribute financial products in the primary and secondary markets; changes in foreign exchange rates; adverse movements and volatility in debt and equity capital markets; changes in market rates and prices which may adversely impact the value of financial products including securities, loans, deposits, debt and derivative financial instruments, and other similar financial instruments; political conditions and related actions by the United States abroad which may adversely affect the Corporation’s businesses and economic conditions as a whole; liabilities resulting from litigation and regulatory investigations, including costs, expenses, settlements and judgments; changes in domestic or foreign tax laws, rules and regulations as well as court, Internal Revenue Service or other governmental agencies’ interpretations thereof; various monetary and fiscal policies and regulations, including those determined by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Office of the Comptroller of Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, state regulators and the Financial Services Authority; changes in accounting standards, rules and interpretations; competition with other local, regional and international banks, thrifts, credit unions and other nonbank financial institutions; ability to grow core businesses; ability to develop and introduce new banking-related products, services and enhancements, and gain market acceptance of such products; mergers and acquisitions and their integration into the Corporation; decisions to downsize, sell or close units or otherwise change the business mix of the Corporation; and management’s ability to manage these and other risks.

The Corporation, headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, operates in 32 states, the District of Columbia and more than 30 foreign countries. The Corporation provides a diversified range of banking and nonbanking financial services and products domestically and internationally through three business segments: Global Consumer and Small Business Banking (GCSBB), Global Corporate and Investment Banking (GCIB), and Global Wealth and Investment Management (GWIM).

At March 31, 2008, the Corporation had $1.7 trillion in assets and approximately 209,000 full-time equivalent employees. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in the MD&A are incorporated by reference into the MD&A. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

 

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  Recent Events

 

2008 Continuing Market Dislocations and Economic Environment

The market dislocations experienced in the financial markets that began during the second half of 2007 continued during the first quarter of 2008. Significant and broad-based illiquidity in the credit markets combined with lingering concern about subprime loans have driven continued deterioration in the value of certain structured securities (e.g., CDOs) resulting in additional losses on CDOs and related subprime exposure (CDO exposure). The continuing market dislocations also resulted in other trading account losses related primarily to our structured and credit products, including writedowns on our leveraged finance and CMBS portfolios. For more information on CDOs, leveraged finance, the related ongoing exposure and the impacts of the continuing market dislocation, see the Capital Markets and Advisory Services (CMAS) discussion beginning on page 65.

In addition, the market illiquidity continued to impact the credit ratings of certain structured investment vehicles (SIVs). During the first quarter, we provided additional support to certain cash funds managed within GWIM by entering into capital commitments and purchasing certain investments from these funds. For more information on our cash fund support, see the GWIM discussion beginning on page 72.

Furthermore, the slowing economy and declining consumer real estate prices have continued to negatively affect our home equity portfolio as well as other areas of our consumer portfolio. In addition, deterioration in the credit quality of our small business and commercial homebuilder portfolios has continued. For more information on credit quality, see the Credit Risk Management discussion beginning on page 92.

The subprime mortgage dislocation also impacted the ratings of certain monoline insurance providers (monolines), which has affected the pricing of certain municipal securities and the liquidity of the short-term public finance markets. We have direct and indirect exposure to monolines and, in certain situations, recognized losses related to some of these exposures during the first quarter. For more information related to our monoline exposure, see the Industry Concentrations discussion on page 110.

The above conditions together with deterioration in the overall economy will continue to affect these and other markets in which we do business and will adversely impact our results in 2008. The degree of the impact is dependent upon the duration and severity of the aforementioned conditions.

 

Other Recent Events

In April 2008, we issued 160 thousand shares of Bank of America Corporation Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series M (Series M Preferred Stock) with a par value of $0.01 per share for $4.0 billion. The fixed rate is 8.125 percent through May 14, 2018 and then adjusts to three-month LIBOR plus 364 basis points (bps) thereafter.

In April 2008, the Board of Directors (the Board) declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on common stock of $0.64 per share, payable on June 27, 2008 to common shareholders of record on June 6, 2008. In January 2008, the Board declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on common stock of $0.64 per share which was paid on March 28, 2008 to common shareholders of record on March 7, 2008.

In January 2008, we announced changes in our CMAS business within GCIB which better align the strategy of this business with GCIB’s broader integrated platform. We continue to provide corporate, commercial and sponsored clients with debt and equity capital-raising services, strategic advice, and a full range of corporate banking capabilities. However, we have reduced activities in certain structured products (e.g., CDOs) and are resizing the international platform to emphasize debt, cash management, and selected trading services, including rates and foreign exchange. This realignment, once completed, will result in the reduction of 680 front office personnel with additional infrastructure headcount reduction. We also plan to sell our equity prime brokerage business.

In January 2008, we announced a definitive agreement to purchase all outstanding shares of Countrywide Financial Corporation (Countrywide), the largest mortgage lender in the U. S., for approximately $4.0 billion in common stock.

 

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Countrywide shareholders’ would receive 0.1822 shares of Bank of America Corporation common stock in exchange for one share of Countrywide common stock. The acquisition would make us the nation’s leading mortgage lender and loan servicer. The completion of this transaction is subject to closing conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close early in the third quarter of 2008. In August of 2007, we made a $2.0 billion investment in Countrywide in the form of Series B non-voting convertible preferred securities yielding 7.25 percent.

In January 2008, we issued 240 thousand shares of Bank of America Corporation Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series K with a par value of $0.01 per share for $6.0 billion. The fixed rate is 8.00 percent through January 29, 2018 and then adjusts to three-month LIBOR plus 363 bps thereafter. In addition, we issued 6.9 million shares of Bank of America Corporation 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L with a par value of $0.01 per share for $6.9 billion.

 

  Performance Overview

Net income was $1.2 billion, or $0.23 per diluted common share for the three months ended March 31, 2008, decreases of 77 percent and 80 percent from $5.3 billion, or $1.16 per diluted common share for the same period in 2007.

 

Table 1          

Business Segment Total Revenue and Net Income

         
     Three Months Ended March 31
     Total Revenue (1)    Net Income
(Dollars in millions)    2008    2007    2008    2007

Global Consumer and Small Business Banking (2)

   $13,306    $11,331    $1,090    $2,672

Global Corporate and Investment Banking

   3,168    5,400    115    1,477

Global Wealth and Investment Management

   1,922    1,781    228    491

All Other (2)

   (1,093)    (28)    (223)    615

Total FTE basis

   17,303    18,484    1,210    5,255

FTE adjustment

   (300)    (329)    -    -

Total Consolidated

   $17,003    $18,155    $1,210    $5,255

 

(1)

Total revenue is net of interest expense, and is on a FTE basis for the business segments and All Other. For more information on a FTE basis, see Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 50.

(2)

GCSBB is presented on a managed basis with a corresponding offset recorded in All Other.

 

The table above presents total revenue and net income for the business segments and All Other and the following discussion presents a summary of the results for the business segments and All Other. For more information on these results, see Business Segment Operations beginning on page 56.

 

   

GCSBB’s net income decreased as higher revenue was more than offset by increased provision for credit losses and noninterest expense. Revenue increased driven by the impacts of organic growth, the LaSalle Bank Corporation (LaSalle) acquisition and the gain on the Visa initial public offering (IPO). Higher provision for credit losses resulted from the impacts of the housing weakness and slowing economy. Noninterest expense increased due to the addition of LaSalle, partially offset by the reversal of Visa-related litigation costs. For more information on GCSBB, see page 57.

 

   

GCIB’s net income decreased driven by losses associated with our CDO-related exposures and the continuing impact of the market disruptions on various parts of our CMAS business. Also contributing was a higher provision for credit losses due to the impact of the housing market slowdown on the homebuilder loan portfolio. For more information on GCIB, see page 63.

 

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Table of Contents
   

GWIM’s net income decreased as higher total revenue was more than offset by higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense. Total revenue grew due to increased net interest income and growth in investment and brokerage services income partially offset by losses associated with the support provided to certain cash funds managed within GWIM. Provision for credit losses increased driven by deterioration in the home equity portfolio. Noninterest expense increased due to the addition of U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle. For more information on GWIM, see page 72.

 

   

All Other reported a net loss due to a decline in equity investment income combined with increased provision for credit losses on our ALM residential mortgage portfolio. For more information on All Other, see page 77.

 

  Financial Highlights

 

Net Interest Income

Net interest income on a FTE basis increased $1.7 billion to $10.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The increase was driven by the contribution from market-based net interest income related to our CMAS business, which benefited from a decrease in the cost of market-based funding due to a decline in short-term interest rates, as well as higher loan levels and the acquisition of LaSalle. Partially offsetting these increases was the impact of competitive deposit pricing in the industry as well as the lagged effect of repricing our deposit products in a decreasing rate environment. The net interest yield on a FTE basis increased 12 bps to 2.73 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, due to the improvement in market-based yield related to our CMAS business stated above, partially offset by the impact of the addition of LaSalle. For more information on net interest income on a FTE basis, see Table 7 on page 54.

 

Noninterest Income

 

Table 2          
Noninterest Income            
     Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)        2008            2007    

Card income

   $3,639    $3,333

Service charges

   2,397    2,072

Investment and brokerage services

   1,340    1,149

Investment banking income

   476    638

Equity investment income

   1,054    1,014

Trading account profits (losses)

   (1,783)    872

Mortgage banking income

   451    213

Gains on sales of debt securities

   225    62

Other income (loss)

   (787)    534

Total noninterest income

   $7,012    $9,887

 

Noninterest income decreased $2.9 billion to $7.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, due to the following:

 

   

Card income on a held basis grew $306 million primarily due to the favorable change in value of the interest-only strip and an increase in cash advance fees.

 

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Service charges grew $325 million resulting from new account growth in deposit accounts and the beneficial impact of the LaSalle acquisition.

 

   

Investment and brokerage services increased $191 million due primarily to the U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle acquisitions, organic growth in AUM and brokerage activity partially offset by the absence of fee income in the first quarter resulting from the sale of Marsico Capital Management, LLC (Marsico) in 2007.

 

   

Investment banking income decreased $162 million driven by reduced debt underwriting and advisory fees due to current disruptions in the markets.

 

   

Equity investment income increased $40 million as the gain associated with the Visa IPO of $776 million was offset by a reduction in gains from our Principal Investing portfolio due to the lack of liquidity in the marketplace.

 

   

Trading account profits (losses) were $(1.8) billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008, related to our CDO exposure and the continuing impact of the market disruptions on various parts of our CMAS business. Impairment writedowns associated with CDO securities classified as AFS were recognized in other income. For more information on the impact of these events refer to the GCIB discussion beginning on page 63.

 

   

Mortgage banking income increased $238 million due to an increased MSR valuation and higher mortgage volume which was originated for distribution, partially offset by the impact of widening credit spreads and illiquidity in the secondary market. The adoption of SAB 109 resulted in the recognition of $90 million in incremental mortgage banking income for the three months ended March 31, 2008.

 

   

Other income (loss) decreased $1.3 billion to a loss of $787 million due to impairment writedowns of $561 million associated with CDOs classified as AFS debt securities and $439 million of writedowns associated with our leveraged finance loans and commitments. In addition, we recorded losses of $220 million associated with the support provided to certain cash funds managed within GWIM and writedowns of certain investments that were purchased from the funds.

 

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses increased $4.8 billion to $6.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Deterioration in the housing markets, particularly in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant home price declines as well as seasoning and the impacts of a slowing economy drove reserve increases and higher net charge-offs.

For more information on credit quality, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 115.

 

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Noninterest Expense

 

Table 3          
Noninterest Expense            
     Three Months Ended March 31
(Dollars in millions)        2008            2007    

Personnel

   $4,726    $5,025

Occupancy

   849    713

Equipment

   396    350

Marketing

   637    555

Professional fees

   285    229

Amortization of intangibles

   446    389

Data processing

   563    437

Telecommunications

   260    251

Other general operating

   863    1,037

Merger and restructuring charges

   170    111

Total noninterest expense

   $9,195    $9,097

 

Noninterest expense increased $98 million to $9.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 primarily due to increases in various line items including occupancy, data processing, marketing and merger and restructuring charges. Personnel expense declined $299 million as the impact of the acquisitions of LaSalle and U.S. Trust Corporation were more than offset by a reduction in performance-based incentive compensation and a decrease in stock-based compensation granted to eligible employees. Other general operating expense decreased by $174 million mostly driven by the reversal of certain Visa-related litigation costs associated with the completion of the Visa IPO.

 

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $588 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $2.6 billion for the same period in 2007 resulting in an effective tax rate of 32.7 percent and 32.8 percent.

 

Assets

At March 31, 2008, total assets were $1.7 trillion, an increase of $20.8 billion, or one percent, from December 31, 2007. Growth in period end total assets was mostly due to increases in derivative assets, debt securities and other assets. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements. The increase in derivative assets was primarily due to the weakening of the U.S. dollar which drove higher replacement costs for outstanding foreign currency contracts and an increase in the value of our credit derivatives due to widening credit spreads on purchased credit protection. Debt securities increased due in part to the securitization of residential mortgage loans into mortgage-backed securities that were retained by us. The increase in other assets was primarily due to higher levels of unsettled trades relating to our capital markets activities which have cleared since quarter end.

Average total assets for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased $243.5 billion, or 16 percent, from the comparable period in 2007 primarily due to higher loans and leases and debt securities. The increase in average loans and leases was attributable to organic growth and the LaSalle merger. The increase in debt securities was driven by the LaSalle merger.

 

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Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

At March 31, 2008, total liabilities were $1.6 trillion, an increase of $11.3 billion, or one percent, from December 31, 2007. The increase in period end total liabilities was primarily attributable to increases in accrued expenses and other liabilities mostly due to higher payables associated with our capital markets activities. Partially offsetting this increase was a decrease in foreign office interest-bearing deposits.

Average total liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased $222.4 billion, or 16 percent, from the comparable period in 2007. The increase in average total liabilities was attributable to higher deposits and long-term debt to support growth in overall assets and fund the LaSalle merger. In addition these increases were attributable to the assumption of liabilities associated with LaSalle.

Period end shareholders’ equity was $156.3 billion at March 31, 2008, an increase of $9.5 billion from December 31, 2007, due to the issuance of preferred stock of $12.9 billion, net income and the issuance of common stock related to restricted stock activity. These increases were partially offset by dividend payments and a decrease in accumulated OCI.

Average shareholders’ equity for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, increased $21.1 billion to $154.7 billion due to the same period-end factors discussed above except that accumulated OCI increased due to the fair value adjustment related to our investment in China Construction Bank (CCB).

 

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Table 4             
Selected Quarterly Financial Data             
     2008 Quarter     2007 Quarters  
(Dollars in millions, except per share information)    First     Fourth     Third     Second     First  

Income statement

          

Net interest income

   $9,991     $9,164     $8,615     $8,386     $8,268  

Noninterest income

   7,012     3,508     7,314     11,177     9,887  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   17,003     12,672     15,929     19,563     18,155  

Provision for credit losses

   6,010     3,310     2,030     1,810     1,235  

Noninterest expense, before merger and restructuring charges

   9,025     10,137     8,459     9,018     8,986  

Merger and restructuring charges

   170     140     84     75     111  

Income (loss) before income taxes

   1,798     (915)     5,356     8,660     7,823  

Income tax expense (benefit)

   588     (1,183)     1,658     2,899     2,568  

Net income

   $1,210     $268     $3,698     $5,761     $5,255  

Average common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands)

   4,427,823     4,421,554     4,420,616     4,419,246     4,432,664  

Average diluted common shares issued and outstanding (in thousands)

   4,461,201     4,470,108     4,475,917     4,476,799     4,497,028  

Performance ratios

          

Return on average assets

   0.28 %   0.06 %   0.93 %   1.48 %   1.40 %

Return on average common shareholders’ equity

   2.90     0.60     11.02     17.55     16.16  

Return on tangible shareholders’ equity (1)

   6.31     1.60     21.90     34.06     31.39  

Total ending equity to total ending assets

   9.00     8.56     8.77     8.85     8.98  

Total average equity to total average assets

   8.77     8.32     8.51     8.55     8.78  

Dividend payout

   n/m     n/m     77.97     43.60     48.02  

Per common share data

                              

Earnings

   $0.23     $0.05     $0.83     $1.29     $1.18  

Diluted earnings

   0.23     0.05     0.82     1.28     1.16  

Dividends paid

   0.64     0.64     0.64     0.56     0.56  

Book value

   31.22     32.09     30.45     29.95     29.74  

Market price per share of common stock

          

Closing

   $37.91     $41.26     $50.27     $48.89     $51.02  

High closing

   45.03     52.71     51.87     51.82     54.05  

Low closing

   35.31     41.10     47.00     48.80     49.46  

Market capitalization

   $168,806     $183,107     $223,041     $216,922     $226,481  

Average balance sheet

          

Total loans and leases

   $875,661     $868,119     $780,516     $740,199     $714,042  

Total assets

   1,764,927     1,742,467     1,580,565     1,561,649     1,521,418  

Total deposits

   787,623     781,625     702,481     697,035     686,704  

Long-term debt

   198,463     196,444     175,265     158,500     148,627  

Common shareholders’ equity

   141,456     141,085     131,606     130,700     130,737  

Total shareholders’ equity

   154,728     144,924     134,487     133,551     133,588  

Asset Quality

                              

Allowance for credit losses (2)

   $15,398     $12,106     $9,927     $9,436     $9,106  

Nonperforming assets measured at historical cost

   7,827     5,948     3,372     2,392     2,059  

Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding measured at historical cost (3)

   1.71 %   1.33 %   1.21 %   1.20 %   1.21 %

Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases measured at historical cost

   203     207     300     397     443  

Net charge-offs

   $2,715     $1,985     $1,573     $1,495     $1,427  

Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding measured at historical cost (3)

   1.25 %   0.91 %   0.80 %   0.81 %   0.81 %

Nonperforming loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding measured at historical cost (3)

   0.84     0.64     0.40     0.30     0.27  

Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans, leases and foreclosed properties (3)

   0.90     0.68     0.43     0.32     0.29  

Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at period end to annualized net charge-offs

   1.36     1.47     1.53     1.51     1.51  

Capital ratios (period end)

                              

Risk-based capital:

          

Tier 1

   7.51 %   6.87 %   8.22 %   8.52 %   8.57 %

Total

   11.71     11.02     11.86     12.11     11.94  

Tier 1 Leverage

   5.61     5.04     6.20     6.33     6.25  

 

(1)

Tangible shareholders’ equity is a non-GAAP measure. For additional information on ROTE and a corresponding reconciliation of tangible shareholders’ equity to a GAAP financial measure, see Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 50.

(2)

Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses, and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments.

(3)

Ratios do not include loans measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

n/m = not meaningful

 

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  Supplemental Financial Data

Table 5 provides a reconciliation of the supplemental financial data mentioned below with financial measures defined by GAAP. Other companies may define or calculate supplemental financial data differently.

 

Operating Basis Presentation

In managing our business, we may at times look at performance excluding certain nonrecurring items. For example, as an alternative to net income, we view results on an operating basis, which represents net income excluding merger and restructuring charges. The operating basis of presentation is not defined by GAAP. We believe that the exclusion of merger and restructuring charges, which represent events outside our normal operations, provides a meaningful period-to-period comparison and is more reflective of normalized operations.

 

Net Interest Income - FTE Basis

In addition, we view net interest income and related ratios and analysis (i.e., efficiency ratio, net interest yield and operating leverage) on a FTE basis. Although this is a non-GAAP measure, we believe managing the business with net interest income on a FTE basis provides a more accurate picture of the interest margin for comparative purposes. To derive the FTE basis, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent before-tax basis with a corresponding increase in income tax expense. For purposes of this calculation, we use the federal statutory tax rate of 35 percent. This measure ensures comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources.

 

Performance Measures

As mentioned above, certain performance measures including the efficiency ratio, net interest yield and operating leverage utilize net interest income (and thus total revenue) on a FTE basis. The efficiency ratio measures the costs expended to generate a dollar of revenue, and net interest yield evaluates how many basis points we are earning over the cost of funds. Operating leverage measures the total percentage revenue growth minus the total percentage expense growth for the corresponding period. During our annual integrated planning process, we set operating leverage and efficiency targets for the Corporation and each line of business. We believe the use of these non-GAAP measures provides additional clarity in assessing our results. Targets vary by year and by business, and are based on a variety of factors including maturity of the business, investment appetite, competitive environment, market factors, and other items (e.g., risk appetite). The aforementioned performance measures and ratios, return on average assets and dividend payout ratio, as well as those measures discussed more fully below, are presented in Table 5.

 

Return on Average Common Shareholders’ Equity and Return on Average Tangible Shareholders’ Equity

We also evaluate our business based upon ROE and ROTE measures. ROE and ROTE utilize non-GAAP allocation methodologies. ROE measures the earnings contribution of a unit as a percentage of the shareholders’ equity allocated to that unit. ROTE measures our earnings contribution as a percentage of shareholders’ equity reduced by goodwill. These measures are used to evaluate our use of equity (i.e., capital) at the individual unit level and are integral components in the analytics for resource allocation. In addition, profitability, relationship, and investment models all use ROE as key measures to support our overall growth goal.

 

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Table 5

Supplemental Financial Data and Reconciliations to GAAP Financial Measures

 

 

     Three Months Ended March 31  

(Dollars in millions)

             2008                         2007            

Operating basis

    

Operating earnings

   $1,317     $5,325  

Return on average assets

   0.30 %   1.42 %

Return on average common shareholders’ equity

   3.20     16.38  

Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity

   6.87     31.81  

Operating efficiency ratio (FTE basis)

   52.15     48.62  

Dividend payout ratio

   n/m     47.39  

Operating leverage (FTE basis)

   (6.82)     1.13  

FTE basis data

    

Net interest income

   $10,291     $8,597  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   17,303     18,484  

Net interest yield

   2.73 %   2.61 %

Efficiency ratio

   53.13     49.22  

Reconciliation of net income to operating earnings

    

Net income

   $1,210     $5,255  

Merger and restructuring charges

   170     111  

Related income tax benefit

   (63)     (41)  

Operating earnings

   $1,317     $5,325  

Reconciliation of average shareholders’ equity to average tangible shareholders’ equity

    

Average shareholders’ equity

   $154,728     $133,588  

Average goodwill

   (77,628)     (65,703)  

Average tangible shareholders’ equity

   $77,100     $67,885  

Reconciliation of return on average assets to operating return on average assets

    

Return on average assets

   0.28 %   1.40 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges, net-of-tax

   0.02     0.02  

Operating return on average assets

   0.30 %   1.42 %

Reconciliation of return on average common shareholders’ equity to operating return on
average common shareholders’ equity

    

Return on average common shareholders’ equity

   2.90 %   16.16 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges, net-of-tax

   0.30     0.22  

Operating return on average common shareholders’ equity

   3.20 %   16.38 %

Reconciliation of return on average tangible shareholders’ equity to operating return on
average tangible shareholders’ equity

    

Return on average tangible shareholders’ equity

   6.31 %   31.39 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges, net-of-tax

   0.56     0.42  

Operating return on average tangible shareholders’ equity

   6.87 %   31.81 %

Reconciliation of efficiency ratio to operating efficiency ratio (FTE basis)

    

Efficiency ratio

   53.13 %   49.22 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges

   (0.98)     (0.60)  

Operating efficiency ratio

   52.15 %   48.62 %

Reconciliation of dividend payout ratio to operating dividend payout ratio

    

Dividend payout ratio

   n/m     48.02 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges, net-of-tax

   n/m     (0.63)  

Operating dividend payout ratio

   n/m     47.39 %

Reconciliation of operating leverage to operating basis operating leverage (FTE basis)

    

Operating leverage

   (7.46) %   1.00 %

Effect of merger and restructuring charges

   0.64     0.13  

Operating leverage

   (6.82) %   1.13 %

n/m = not meaningful

 

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Core Net Interest Income – Managed Basis

We manage core net interest income—managed basis, which adjusts reported net interest income on a FTE basis for the impact of market-based activities and certain securitizations, net of retained securities. As discussed in the GCIB business segment section beginning on page 63, we evaluate our market-based results and strategies on a total market-based revenue approach by combining net interest income and noninterest income for CMAS. We also adjust for loans that we originated and subsequently sold into certain securitizations. These securitizations include off-balance sheet loans and leases, primarily credit card securitizations where servicing is retained by the Corporation, but excludes first mortgage securitizations. Noninterest income, rather than net interest income and provision for credit losses, is recorded for assets that have been securitized as we are compensated for servicing the securitized assets and record servicing income and gains or losses on securitizations, where appropriate. We believe the use of this non-GAAP presentation provides additional clarity in managing our results. An analysis of core net interest income – managed basis, core average earning assets – managed basis and core net interest yield on earning assets – managed basis, which adjusts for the impact of these two non-core items from reported net interest income on a FTE basis, is shown below.

 

  Table 6  
  Core Net Interest Income – Managed Basis  
     Three Months Ended March 31  
  (Dollars in millions)    2008     2007  

  Net interest income (1)

    

  As reported

   $10,291     $8,597  

  Impact of market-based net interest income (2)

   (1,308)     (481)  

  Core net interest income

   8,983     8,116  

  Impact of securitizations (3)

   2,090     1,859  

  Core net interest income – managed basis

   $11,073     $9,975  

  Average earning assets

    

  As reported

   $1,510,295     $1,321,946  

  Impact of market-based earning assets (2)

   (403,403)     (409,291)  

  Core average earning assets

   1,106,892     912,655  

  Impact of securitizations

   102,577     102,529  

  Core average earning assets – managed basis

   $1,209,469     $1,015,184  

  Net interest yield contribution (1, 4)

    

  As reported

   2.73     %   2.61     %  

  Impact of market-based activities (2)

   0.52     0.96  

  Core net interest yield on earning assets

   3.25     3.57  

  Impact of securitizations

   0.42     0.38  

  Core net interest yield on earning assets – managed basis

   3.67     %   3.95     %  

 

 

(1)

FTE basis

 

(2)

Represents the impact of market-based amounts included in the CMAS business within GCIB. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, the impact of market-based net interest income excludes $27 million of net interest income on loans that are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

(3)

Represents the impact of securitizations utilizing actual bond costs. This is different from the segment view which utilizes funds transfer pricing methodologies.

 

(4)

Calculated on an annualized basis.

 

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Core net interest income on a managed basis increased $1.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The increase was driven by higher consumer and commercial loan levels from organic growth, the positive impact of the LaSalle acquisition, and increased hedge income. These increases were partially offset by the impact of competitive deposit pricing in the industry, primarily consumer time deposits, as well as the lagged effect of repricing our deposit products in a decreasing rate environment and a shift in funding mix.

On a managed basis, core average earning assets increased $194.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to higher levels of managed loans, increased levels from ALM activities and the impact of the LaSalle acquisition.

Core net interest yield on a managed basis decreased 28 bps to 3.67 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 and was driven by competitively pricing our deposits in a decreasing rate environment, the impact of the funding of the LaSalle acquisition and a shift in the funding mix.

 

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  Table 7

  Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates - FTE Basis

    
     First Quarter 2008   Fourth Quarter 2007     
  (Dollars in millions)   

Average

Balance

    

Interest

Income/

Expense

    

Yield/

Rate

       

Average

Balance

    

Interest

Income/

Expense

    

Yield/

Rate

     

  Earning assets

                              

  Time deposits placed and other short-term investments

   $10,596      $94          3.56        %       $10,459      $122          4.63        %    

  Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

   145,043      1,208          3.34          151,938      1,748          4.59       

  Trading account assets

   192,410      2,417          5.04          190,700      2,422          5.06       

  Debt securities (1)

   219,377      2,835          5.17          206,873      2,795          5.40       

  Loans and leases (2):

                              

  Residential mortgage

   270,541      3,837          5.68          277,058      3,972          5.73       

  Credit card – domestic

   63,277      1,774          11.28          60,063      1,781          11.76       

  Credit card – foreign

   15,241      474          12.51          14,329      464          12.86       

  Home equity

   116,562      1,872          6.46          112,369      2,043          7.21       

  Direct/Indirect consumer (3)

   78,941      1,699          8.65          75,426      1,658          8.72       

  Other consumer (4)

   3,813      87          9.14          3,918      71          7.24       

  Total consumer

   548,375      9,743          7.13          543,163      9,989          7.32       

  Commercial – domestic

   212,394      3,198          6.06          213,200      3,704          6.89       

  Commercial real estate (5)

   62,202      887          5.74          59,702      1,053          6.99       

  Commercial lease financing

   22,227      261          4.69          22,239      574          10.33       

  Commercial – foreign

   30,463      387          5.11          29,815      426          5.67       

  Total commercial

   327,286      4,733          5.81          324,956      5,757          7.03       

  Total loans and leases

   875,661      14,476          6.64          868,119      15,746          7.21       

  Other earning assets

   67,208      1,129          6.75          74,909      1,296          6.89       

  Total earning assets (6)

   1,510,295      22,159          5.89          1,502,998      24,129          6.39       

  Cash and cash equivalents

   33,949                33,714             

  Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses

   220,683                    205,755                 

  Total assets

   $1,764,927                      $1,742,467                   

  Interest-bearing liabilities

                              

  Domestic interest-bearing deposits:

                              

  Savings

   $31,798      $50          0.63        %       $31,961      $50          0.63        %    

  NOW and money market deposit accounts

   248,949      1,139          1.84          240,914      1,334          2.20       

  Consumer CDs and IRAs

   188,005      2,071          4.43          183,910      2,179          4.70       

  Negotiable CDs, public funds and other time deposits

   32,201      320          4.00          34,997      420          4.76       

  Total domestic interest-bearing deposits

   500,953      3,580          2.87          491,782      3,983          3.21       

  Foreign interest-bearing deposits:

                              

  Banks located in foreign countries

   39,196      400          4.10          45,050      557          4.91       

  Governments and official institutions

   14,650      132          3.62          16,506      192          4.62       

  Time, savings and other

   53,064      476          3.61          51,919      521          3.98       

  Total foreign interest-bearing deposits

   106,910      1,008          3.79          113,475      1,270          4.44       

  Total interest-bearing deposits

   607,863      4,588          3.04          605,257      5,253          3.44       

  Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings

   452,854      4,142          3.68          456,530      5,599          4.87       

  Trading account liabilities

   82,432      840          4.10          81,500      825          4.02       

  Long-term debt

   198,463      2,298          4.63          196,444      2,638          5.37       

  Total interest-bearing liabilities (6)

   1,341,612      11,868          3.55          1,339,731      14,315          4.25       

  Noninterest-bearing sources:

                              

  Noninterest-bearing deposits

   179,760                176,368             

  Other liabilities

   88,827                81,444             

  Shareholders’ equity

   154,728                144,924             

  Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $1,764,927                    $1,742,467                 

  Net interest spread

             2.34        %                 2.14        %    

  Impact of noninterest-bearing sources

             0.39                    0.47       

  Net interest income/yield on earning assets

          $10,291          2.73        %              $9,814          2.61        %    

 

  (1)

Yields on AFS debt securities are calculated based on fair value rather than historical cost balances. The use of fair value does not have a material impact on net interest yield.

  (2)

Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is recognized on a cash basis.

  (3)

Includes foreign consumer loans of $3.3 billion in the first quarter of 2008, and $3.6 billion, $3.8 billion, $3.9 billion and $3.9 billion in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2007, respectively.

  (4)

Includes consumer finance loans of $3.0 billion in the first quarter of 2008, and $3.1 billion, $3.2 billion, $3.4 billion and $3.0 billion in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2007, respectively; and other foreign consumer loans of $857 million in the first quarter of 2008, and $845 million, $843 million, $775 million and $1.9 billion in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2007, respectively.

  (5)

Includes domestic commercial real estate loans of $61.0 billion of the first quarter of 2008, and $58.5 billion, $38.0 billion, $36.2 billion and $35.5 billion in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2007, respectively.

  (6)

Interest income includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which decreased interest income on assets $103 million in the first quarter of 2008, and $134 million, $170 million, $117 million and $121 million in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2007, respectively. Interest expense includes the impact of interest rate risk management contracts, which increased interest expense on liabilities $49 million in the first quarter of 2008, and $201 million, $226 million, $207 million and $179 million in the fourth, third, second and first quarters of 2007, respectively. For further information on interest rate contracts, see Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities beginning on page 124.

 

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  Quarterly Average Balances and Interest Rates –FTE Basis (continued)

 

     Third Quarter 2007          Second Quarter 2007        First Quarter 2007      
     (Dollars in millions)    Average
Balance
   Interest
Income/
Expense
   Yield/
Rate
          Average
Balance
   Interest
Income/
Expense
   Yield/
Rate
        Average
Balance
   Interest
Income/
Expense
    Yield/
Rate
      

Earning assets

                               

Time deposits placed and other short-term investments

   $11,879    $148      4.92     %    $15,310    $188      4.92     %    $15,023    $169     4.57     %   

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell

   139,259    1,839      5.27        166,258    2,156      5.19        166,195    1,979     4.79    

Trading account assets

   194,661    2,604      5.33        188,287    2,364      5.03        175,249    2,357     5.41    

Debt securities (1)

   174,568    2,380      5.45        177,834    2,394      5.39        186,498    2,451     5.27    

Loans and leases (2):

                               

Residential mortgage

   274,385    3,928      5.72        260,099    3,708      5.70        246,618    3,504     5.69    

Credit card – domestic

   57,491    1,780      12.29        56,235    1,777      12.67        57,720    1,887     13.26    

Credit card – foreign

   11,995    371      12.25        11,946    350      11.76        11,133    317     11.55    

Home equity

   98,611    1,884      7.58        94,267    1,779      7.57        89,559    1,679     7.60    

Direct/Indirect consumer (3)

   73,245    1,600      8.67        68,175    1,441      8.48        64,038    1,303     8.25    

Other consumer (4)

   4,055    96      9.47        4,153    100      9.71        4,928    122     9.93    

Total consumer

   519,782    9,659      7.39        494,875    9,155      7.41        473,996    8,812     7.50    

Commercial – domestic

   176,554    3,207      7.21        166,529    3,039      7.32        163,620    2,934     7.27    

Commercial real estate (5)

   38,977    733      7.47        36,788    687      7.49        36,117    672     7.55    

Commercial lease financing

   20,044    246      4.91        19,784    217      4.40        19,651    175     3.55    

Commercial – foreign

   25,159    377      5.95        22,223    319      5.75        20,658    330     6.48    

Total commercial

   260,734    4,563      6.95        245,324    4,262      6.97        240,046    4,111     6.94    

Total loans and leases

   780,516    14,222      7.25        740,199    13,417      7.26        714,042    12,923     7.31    

Other earning assets

   74,912    1,215      6.46        70,311    1,108      6.31        64,939    1,010     6.28    

Total earning assets (6)

   1,375,795    22,408      6.48         1,358,199    21,627      6.38        1,321,946    20,889     6.37    

Cash and cash equivalents

   31,356            33,689            33,623       

Other assets, less allowance for loan and lease losses

   173,414                  169,761                165,849             

Total assets

   $1,580,565                    $1,561,649                  $1,521,418                 

Interest-bearing liabilities

                               

Domestic interest-bearing deposits:

                               

Savings

   $31,510    $50      0.62     %    $33,039    $47      0.58     %    $32,773    $41     0.50     %  

NOW and money market deposit accounts

   215,078    1,104      2.04        212,330    987      1.86        212,249    936     1.79    

Consumer CDs and IRAs

   165,840    1,949      4.66        161,703    1,857      4.61        159,505    1,832     4.66    

Negotiable CDs, public funds and other time deposits

   17,392    227      5.20        16,256    191      4.70        13,376    136     4.12    

Total domestic interest-bearing deposits

   429,820    3,330      3.07        423,328    3,082      2.92        417,903    2,945     2.86    

Foreign interest-bearing deposits:

                               

Banks located in foreign countries

   43,727    564      5.12        41,940    522      4.99        40,372    531     5.34    

Governments and official institutions

   17,206    218      5.03        17,868    224      5.02        14,482    178     4.98    

Time, savings and other

   41,868    433      4.09        40,335    433      4.31        39,534    380     3.90    

Total foreign interest-bearing deposits

   102,801    1,215      4.69        100,143    1,179      4.72        94,388    1,089     4.68    

Total interest-bearing deposits

   532,621    4,545      3.39        523,471    4,261      3.27        512,291    4,034     3.19    

Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings

   409,070    5,521      5.36        419,260    5,537      5.30        414,104    5,318     5.20    

Trading account liabilities

   86,118    906      4.17        85,550    821      3.85        77,635    892     4.66    

Long-term debt

   175,265    2,446      5.58        158,500    2,227      5.62        148,627    2,048     5.51    

Total interest-bearing liabilities (6)

   1,203,074    13,418      4.43        1,186,781    12,846      4.34        1,152,657    12,292      4.31    

Noninterest-bearing sources:

                               

Noninterest-bearing deposits

   169,860            173,564            174,413       

Other liabilities

   73,144            67,753            60,760       

Shareholders’ equity

   134,487            133,551            133,588       

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $1,580,565                  $1,561,649                $1,521,418             

Net interest spread

         2.05              2.04             2.06     %  

Impact of noninterest-bearing sources

             0.56                  0.55                   0.55    

Net interest income/yield on earning assets

        $8,990      2.61             $8,781      2.59             $8,597     2.61     %  
   For Footnotes, see page 54.

 

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Business Segment Operations

 

Segment Description

We report the results of our operations through three business segments: GCSBB, GCIB and GWIM, with the remaining operations recorded in All Other. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. For more information on our basis of presentation, selected financial information for the business segments and reconciliations to consolidated total revenue and net income, see Note 16 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Basis of Presentation

We prepare and evaluate segment results using certain non-GAAP methodologies and performance measures, many of which are discussed in Supplemental Financial Data beginning on page 50. We begin by evaluating the operating results of the businesses which by definition excludes merger and restructuring charges. The segment results also reflect certain revenue and expense methodologies which are utilized to determine net income. The net interest income of the businesses includes the results of a funds transfer pricing process that matches assets and liabilities with similar interest rate sensitivity and maturity characteristics.

The management accounting reporting process derives segment and business results by utilizing allocation methodologies for revenue, expense and capital. The net income derived for the businesses is dependent upon revenue and cost allocations using an activity-based costing model, funds transfer pricing, and other methodologies and assumptions management believes are appropriate to reflect the results of the business.

Our ALM activities maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to manage fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. Our goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity so that movements in interest rates do not significantly adversely affect net interest income. The results of the business segments will fluctuate based on the performance of corporate ALM activities. Some ALM activities are recorded in the businesses (e.g., Deposits) such as external product pricing decisions, including deposit pricing strategies, as well as the effects of our internal funds transfer pricing process. The net effects of other ALM activities are reported in each of our segments under ALM/Other. In addition, certain residual impacts of the funds transfer pricing process are retained in All Other.

Certain expenses not directly attributable to a specific business segment are allocated to the segments based on pre-determined means. The most significant of these expenses include data processing costs, item processing costs and certain centralized or shared functions. Data processing costs are allocated to the segments based on equipment usage. Item processing costs are allocated to the segments based on the volume of items processed for each segment. The costs of certain centralized or shared functions are allocated based on methodologies which reflect utilization.

Equity is allocated to business segments and related businesses using a risk-adjusted methodology incorporating each unit’s credit, market, interest rate and operational risk components. The Corporation as a whole benefits from risk diversification across the different businesses. This benefit is reflected as a reduction to allocated equity for each segment and is recorded in ALM/Other. The nature of these risks is discussed further beginning on page 87. Average equity is allocated to the business segments and related businesses, and is impacted by the portion of goodwill that is specifically assigned to the businesses and the unallocated portion of goodwill that resides in ALM/Other.

 

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Global Consumer and Small Business Banking

 

     Three Months Ended March 31, 2008

  (Dollars in millions)

   Total (1)            Deposits         Card

Services (1)

       Consumer

Real Estate

        ALM/        

Other        

  Net interest income (2)

   $7,684        $1,967       $4,573      $633       $511        

  Noninterest income:

                          

  Card income

   2,725        561       2,163      1       -        

  Service charges

   1,566        1,564       -      2       -        

  Mortgage banking income

   656        -       -      656       -        

  All other income (loss)

   675        (2)       596      15       66        

  Total noninterest income

   5,622        2,123         2,759        674         66        

  Total revenue, net of interest expense

   13,306        4,090       7,332      1,307       577        
 

  Provision for credit losses (3)

   6,452        80       4,312      1,897       163        

  Noninterest expense

   5,139        2,435       1,964      640       100        

  Income (loss) before income taxes

   1,715        1,575         1,056        (1,230)         314        

  Income tax expense (benefit) (2)

   625        580       386      (457)       116        

  Net income (loss)

   $1,090        $995         $670        $(773)         $198        
 

  Net interest yield (2)

   8.25   %    2.39    %    8.01   %    2.01    %    n/m        

  Return on average equity (4)

   6.64        24.03       5.86      (68.62)       n/m        

  Efficiency ratio (2)

   38.62        59.54       26.79      48.96       n/m        

  Period end – total assets (5)

   $437,237        $360,483         $256,962        $133,113         n/m        
   Three Months Ended March 31, 2007

  (Dollars in millions)

   Total (1)            Deposits         Card

Services (1)

       Consumer

Real Estate

        ALM/        

Other        

  Net interest income (2)

   $7,004        $2,367       $3,975      $524       $138        

  Noninterest income:

                          

  Card income

   2,381        499       1,880      2       -        

  Service charges

   1,377        1,376       -      1       -        

  Mortgage banking income

   302        -       -      302       -        

  All other income (loss)

   267        (1)       192      4       72        

  Total noninterest income

   4,327        1,874         2,072        309         72        

  Total revenue, net of interest expense

   11,331        4,241       6,047      833       210        
 

  Provision for credit losses (3)

   2,411        39       2,299      30       43        

  Noninterest expense

   4,675        2,108       2,003      477       87        

  Income before income taxes

   4,245        2,094         1,745        326         80        

  Income tax expense (2)

   1,573        776       646      121       30        

  Net income

   $2,672        $1,318         $1,099        $205         $50        
 

  Net interest yield (2)

   8.12       %    3.05        %    7.98       %    2.13        %    n/m        

  Return on average equity (4)

   17.62        35.79       10.31      23.33       n/m        

  Efficiency ratio (2)

   41.26        49.71       33.13      57.24       n/m        

  Period end – total assets (5)

   $409,883        $344,727         $232,386        $106,259         n/m        

 

 

(1)

Presented on a managed basis, specifically Card Services.

 

 

(2)

FTE basis

 

 

(3)

Represents provision for credit losses on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio.

 

 

(4)

Average allocated equity for GCSBB was $66.0 billion and $61.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

 

(5)

Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

  n/m = not meaningful

 

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                 Ending Balance                     Average Balance

  (Dollars in millions)

   March 31             Three Months Ended March 31    
   2008      2007                    2008                2007

  Total loans and leases

   $364,279      $309,992       $363,001      $308,105    

  Total earning assets (1)

   383,874      354,183       374,409      349,672    

  Total assets (1)

   437,237      409,883       428,756      403,463    

  Total deposits

   349,606      334,918         343,436      326,480    
 

(1)

Total earning assets and total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

The strategy for GCSBB is to attract, retain and deepen customer relationships. We achieve this strategy through our ability to offer a wide range of products and services through a franchise that stretches coast to coast through 32 states and the District of Columbia. We also provide credit card products to customers in Canada, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom. In the U.S., we serve approximately 59 million consumer and small business relationships utilizing our network of 6,148 banking centers, 18,491 domestic branded ATMs, and telephone and Internet channels. Within GCSBB, there are three primary businesses: Deposits, Card Services and Consumer Real Estate. In addition, ALM/Other includes the results of ALM activities and other consumer-related businesses (e.g., insurance). GCSBB, specifically Card Services, is presented on a managed basis. For a reconciliation of managed GCSBB to held GCSBB, see Note 16 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net income decreased $1.6 billion, or 59 percent, to $1.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 as increases in noninterest income and net interest income were more than offset by higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense.

Net interest income increased $680 million, or 10 percent, to $7.7 billion due to organic growth and the impact of the LaSalle acquisition on average loans and leases combined with higher contributions from our ALM activities due to our lower cost of wholesale funding. Partially offsetting these increases was the impact of competitive deposit pricing in the industry as well as the lagged effect of repricing our deposit products in a decreasing rate environment. Noninterest income increased $1.3 billion, or 30 percent, to $5.6 billion compared to the same period in 2007, mainly due to the $388 million gain related to Card Services’ allocation of the Visa IPO, and higher mortgage banking income, card income and service charges.

Provision for credit losses increased $4.0 billion to $6.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This increase was driven by a $2.0 billion increase in Card Services and a $1.9 billion increase in Consumer Real Estate. For further discussion related to Card Services and Consumer Real Estate, see their respective discussions beginning on pages 59 and 61.

Noninterest expense increased $464 million, or 10 percent, to $5.1 billion largely due to the addition of LaSalle, higher account and transaction volumes related to deposit and card products, and increased personnel and technology costs partially offset by the reversal of certain Visa-related litigation costs associated with the completion of the Visa IPO.

 

Deposits

Deposits provides a comprehensive range of products to consumers and small businesses. Our products include traditional savings accounts, money market savings accounts, CDs and IRAs, and noninterest and interest-bearing checking accounts. Debit card results are also included in Deposits.

Deposit products provide a relatively stable source of funding and liquidity. We earn net interest spread revenues from investing this liquidity in earning assets through client-facing lending activity and our ALM activities. The revenue is allocated to the deposit products using our funds transfer pricing process which takes into account the interest rates and maturity characteristics of the deposits. Deposits also generate fees such as account service fees, non-sufficient fund fees, overdraft charges and ATM fees, while debit cards generate merchant interchange fees based on purchase volume.

 

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We added approximately 557 thousand net new retail checking accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2008. These additions resulted from continued improvement in sales and service results in the Banking Center Channel and Online, and the success of such products as Keep the Change™, Risk Free CDs, Balance Rewards and Affinity.

We continue to migrate qualifying affluent customers and their related deposit balances from GCSBB to GWIM. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, a total of $7.1 billion of deposits, including $2.3 billion related to the one-time migration of legacy LaSalle accounts, were migrated from GCSBB to GWIM compared to $3.6 billion in 2007. After migration, the associated net interest income, service charges and noninterest expense are recorded in GWIM.

Net income decreased $323 million, or 25 percent, to $995 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 as an increase in noninterest income was more than offset by lower net interest income combined with higher noninterest expense. Net interest income decreased $400 million, or 17 percent, to $2.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to the impact of competitive deposit pricing in the industry as well as the lagged effect of repricing our deposit products in a decreasing rate environment partially offset by growth in average deposits. Average deposits increased $16.5 billion, or five percent, due to the acquisition of LaSalle and organic growth partially offset by the migration of customer relationships and related deposit balances to GWIM. The increase in noninterest income was driven by higher service charges of $188 million, or 14 percent, primarily as a result of new demand deposit account growth and the addition of LaSalle. Additionally, debit card revenue growth of $62 million, or 12 percent, was due to a higher number of checking accounts, increased usage, market penetration (i.e., increase in the number of existing account holders with debit cards) and the addition of LaSalle.

Noninterest expense increased $327 million, or 16 percent, to $2.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, primarily due to the addition of LaSalle, a higher number of accounts and transaction volumes.

 

Card Services

Card Services, which excludes the results of debit cards (included in Deposits), provides a broad offering of products, including U.S. Consumer and Business Card, Unsecured Lending, and International Card. We offer a variety of co-branded and affinity credit card products and have become the leading issuer of credit cards through endorsed marketing in the U.S. and Europe.

The Corporation reports its GCSBB results, specifically Card Services, on a managed basis, which is consistent with the way that management evaluates the results of GCSBB. Managed basis assumes that securitized loans were not sold and presents earnings on these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold (i.e., held loans) are presented. Loan securitization is an alternative funding process that is used by the Corporation to diversify funding sources. Loan securitization removes loans from the Consolidated Balance Sheet through the sale of loans to an off-balance sheet QSPE which is excluded from the Corporation’s Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP.

Securitized loans continue to be serviced by the business and are subject to the same underwriting standards and ongoing monitoring as held loans. In addition, excess servicing income is exposed to similar credit risk and repricing of interest rates as held loans.

Net income decreased $429 million, or 39 percent, to $670 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to same period in 2007 as growth in noninterest income and net interest income was more than offset by higher provision for credit losses.

Net interest income increased $598 million, or 15 percent, to $4.6 billion driven by higher managed average loans and leases of $28.0 billion, or 14 percent. Noninterest income grew $687 million, or 33 percent, to $2.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to the same period in 2007, mainly due to the $388 million gain related to Card Services’ allocation of the Visa IPO and an increase of $283 million in card income. Card income was impacted by a favorable change in the value of the interest-only strip and higher cash advance fees related to organic loan growth in domestic credit card and unsecured lending.

Provision for credit losses increased $2.0 billion to $4.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to the same period in 2007, primarily driven by reserve increases and higher managed losses reflecting the impacts of the

 

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slowing economy and seasoning of portfolio growth. For further discussion, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 115.

Noninterest expense remained relatively flat at $2.0 billion compared to 2007, as higher personnel-related expenses and technology related costs primarily driven by increased customer assistance and collection infrastructure were offset by the reversal of certain Visa-related litigation costs associated with the completion of the Visa IPO.

 

  Key Statistics

  (Dollars in millions)

         Three Months Ended March 31           
   2008         2007      

  Card Services

          

  Average – total loans and leases:

          

Managed

   $229,147      $201,166   

Held

   123,971      99,390   

  Period end – total loans and leases:

          

Managed

   229,973      200,424   

Held

   122,126      98,061   

  Managed net losses (1):

          

Amount

   3,073      2,331   

Percent (3)

   5.39    %   4.70    %  

  Credit Card (2)

          

  Average – total loans and leases:

          

Managed

   $183,694      $167,392   

Held

   78,518      68,853   

  Period end – total loans and leases:

          

Managed

   183,758      165,415   

Held

   75,911      65,920   

  Managed net losses (1):

          

Amount

   2,372      1,953   

Percent (3)

   5.19    %   4.73    %  

 

  (1)

Represents net charge-offs on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio.

  (2)

Includes U.S. consumer card and foreign credit card. Does not include business card and unsecured lending.

  (3)

Ratios are calculated as annualized managed net losses divided by average outstanding managed loans and leases during the period.

The table above and the following discussion presents select key indicators for the Card Services and credit card portfolios.

Managed Card Services net losses increased $742 million to $3.1 billion, or 5.39 percent of average outstandings for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to $2.3 billion, or 4.70 percent in the same period in 2007. This increase was driven by portfolio seasoning, the impacts of a slowing economy and higher bankruptcies.

Managed Card Services total average loans and leases increased $28.0 billion to $229.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, driven by growth primarily in the domestic card and unsecured lending portfolios.

Managed credit card net losses increased $419 million to $2.4 billion, or 5.19 percent of average credit card outstandings for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to $2.0 billion, or 4.73 percent for the same period in 2007. The increase was driven by the same factors as described above.

Managed credit card total average loans and leases increased $16.3 billion to $183.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The increase was driven by growth primarily in the domestic portfolio.

For more information on credit quality, see Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 93.

 

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Consumer Real Estate

Consumer Real Estate generates revenue by providing an extensive line of consumer real estate products and services to customers nationwide. Consumer Real Estate products are available to our customers through a retail network of personal bankers located in 6,148 banking centers, mortgage loan officers in nearly 160 locations and through a sales force offering our customers direct telephone and online access to our products. Consumer Real Estate products include fixed and adjustable rate loans for home purchase and refinancing needs, reverse mortgages, lines of credit and home equity loans. Mortgage products are either sold into the secondary mortgage market to investors, while retaining the Bank of America customer relationships, or are held on our balance sheet for ALM purposes. Consumer Real Estate is not impacted by the Corporation’s mortgage production retention decisions as Consumer Real Estate is compensated for the decision on a management accounting basis with a corresponding offset recorded in All Other.

The Consumer Real Estate business includes the origination, fulfillment, sale and servicing of first mortgage loan products, reverse mortgage products and home equity products. Servicing activities primarily include collecting cash for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers, disbursing customer draws for lines of credit and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors and escrow payments to third parties. Servicing income includes ancillary income derived in connection with these activities such as late fees.

Within GCSBB, the Consumer Real Estate first mortgage and home equity production were $18.0 billion and $13.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $20.6 billion and $17.3 billion during the same period in 2007.

Consumer Real Estate had a net loss of $773 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, a $978 million decrease when compared to the same period in 2007, as growth in mortgage banking income and net interest income were more than offset by higher provision for credit losses and an increase in noninterest expense. Net interest income grew $109 million, or 21 percent, to $633 million and was driven by an increase in average loans and leases partially offset by spread compression. Average loans and leases increased $24.4 billion, or 26 percent due to growth in our home equity portfolio. Mortgage banking income grew $354 million due to an increased MSR valuation and higher production income driven by higher mortgage volume originated for distribution partially offset by the impact of widening credit spreads and illiquidity in the secondary market. Mortgage banking income also benefited from $90 million of income from the adoption of SAB 109. For more information on the adoption of SAB 109 on mortgage banking income, see Note 1Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Provision for credit losses increased $1.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This increase was primarily driven by reserve increases for higher losses in the home equity portfolio, reflective of deterioration in the housing markets particularly in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant declines in home prices. Also contributing to the increase were home price declines that, coupled with the fact that most home equity loans are secured by second lien positions, significantly reduced and in some cases resulted in no collateral value after consideration of first lien positions. This drove more severe charge-offs as borrowers defaulted. To a lesser extent, seasoning, reflective of growth in the portfolio contributed to the increase in net charge-offs. For further discussion, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 115.

Noninterest expense increased $163 million, or 34 percent, to $640 million compared to the same period in 2007, driven by costs associated with increased direct-to-consumer volume as well as higher volume originated for distribution.

The Consumer Real Estate servicing portfolio includes loans serviced for others, and originated and retained residential mortgages. The servicing portfolio at March 31, 2008 was $529.7 billion, $12.8 billion higher than at December 31, 2007, driven by production. Included in this amount was $267.8 billion of residential first mortgage loans serviced for others.

At March 31, 2008, the residential first mortgage MSR balance was $3.2 billion, an increase of $110 million, or four percent, from December 31, 2007. This value represented 118 bps of the related unpaid principal balance which remained unchanged from December 31, 2007.

 

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ALM/Other

ALM/Other is comprised primarily of the allocation of a portion of the Corporation’s net interest income from ALM activities and the results of other consumer-related businesses (e.g., insurance and certain noncard small business lending activities).

Net income increased $148 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 as higher contributions from ALM activities, which was due in part to investing the Corporation’s deposits at profitable spreads, were offset by higher provision for credit losses. Provision for credit losses increased $120 million to $163 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This increase was driven by higher losses in the small business lending portfolio managed outside of Card Services due to portfolio seasoning and the impacts of a slowing economy. For more information on the Corporation’s small business commercial – domestic portfolio, see Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management beginning on page 102.

 

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Global Corporate and Investment Banking

 

      Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
  (Dollars in millions)    Total             

Business

Lending

            

Capital

Markets and

Advisory

Services (1)

            

Treasury

Services

            

ALM/          

Other          

  Net interest income (2)

   $3,599             $1,436           $1,335           $845           $(17)          

  Noninterest income:

                                            

  Service charges

   788             136           32           619           1          

  Investment and brokerage services

   245             -           234           11           -          

  Investment banking income

   665             -           665           -           -          

  Trading account profits (losses)

   (1,790)             (198)           (1,620)           18           10          

  All other income (loss)

   (339)             262           (1,267)           643           23          

  Total noninterest income

   (431)             200             (1,956)             1,291             34          

  Total revenue, net of interest expense

   3,168             1,636           (621)           2,136           17          
 

  Provision for credit losses

   523             523           (1)           1           -          

  Noninterest expense

   2,461             576             1,131             746             8          

  Income (loss) before income taxes

   184             537           (1,751)           1,389           9          

  Income tax expense (benefit) (2)

   69             200           (648)           514           3          

  Net income (loss)

   $115             $337             $(1,103)             $875             $6          
 

  Net interest yield (2)

   2.01      %        1.93      %      n/m           2.32      %      n/m          

  Return on average equity (3)

   0.78             6.37           (24.13)      %      44.79           n/m          

  Efficiency ratio (2)

   77.68             35.21           n/m           34.93           n/m          

  Period end – total assets (4)

   $791,962             $310,763             $422,484             $181,040             n/m          
      Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
  (Dollars in millions)    Total             

Business

Lending

            

Capital

Markets and

Advisory

Services

            

Treasury

Services

            

ALM/          

Other          

  Net interest income (2)

   $2,422             $1,060           $481           $965           $(84)          

  Noninterest income:

                                            

  Service charges

   654             126           27           501           -          

  Investment and brokerage services

   232             1           221           10           -          

  Investment banking income

   703             -           703           -           -          

  Trading account profits (losses)

   838             (3)           829           12           -          

  All other income

   551             152           104           234           61          

  Total noninterest income

   2,978             276             1,884             757             61          

  Total revenue, net of interest expense

   5,400             1,336           2,365           1,722           (23)          

  Provision for credit losses

   115             103           11           1           -          

  Noninterest expense

   2,930             490           1,513           894           33          

  Income (loss) before income taxes

   2,355             743             841             827             (56)          

  Income tax expense (benefit) (2)

   878             280           313           306           (21)          

  Net income (loss)

   $1,477             $463             $528             $521             $(35)          
 

  Net interest yield (2)

   1.51      %        1.84      %      n/m           2.88      %      n/m          

  Return on average equity (3)

   14.41             12.79           18.36      %      27.37           n/m          

  Efficiency ratio (2)

   54.26             36.68           63.95           51.94           n/m          

  Period end – total assets (4)

   $716,132             $240,818             $424,877             $160,003             n/m          

 

 

(1)  

CMAS revenue of $(621) million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 consists of $(648) million of market-based revenue and $27 million of net interest income on loans that are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

(2)  

FTE basis

 

(3)  

Average allocated equity for GCIB was $58.9 billion and $41.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

(4)  

Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

 

 

  

n/m = not meaningful

 

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                    Ending Balance                                      Average Balance                
    March 31      Three Months Ended March 31
  (Dollars in millions)           2008    2007              2008    2007

  Total loans and leases

  $325,767    $249,861      $324,733    $247,898

  Total trading-related assets

  317,256    333,681      361,921    360,530

  Total market-based earning assets (1)

  347,563    385,495      403,403    409,290

  Total earning assets (2)

  668,953    628,831      718,804    650,353

  Total assets (2)

  791,962    716,132      834,463    734,309

  Total deposits

  233,778    210,105      235,800    208,561

 

 

(1)  

Total market-based earning assets represents earning assets included in CMAS but excludes loans that are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

(2)  

Total earning assets and total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

 

GCIB provides a wide range of financial services to both our issuer and investor clients that range from business banking clients to large international corporate and institutional investor clients using a strategy to deliver value-added financial products and advisory solutions. GCIB’s products and services are delivered from three primary businesses: Business Lending, CMAS, and Treasury Services, and are provided to our clients through a global team of client relationship managers and product partners. In addition, ALM/Other includes the results of ALM activities and other GCIB activities. Our clients are supported through offices in 22 countries that are divided into four distinct geographic regions: U.S. and Canada; Asia; Europe, Middle East, and Africa; and Latin America. For more information on our foreign operations, see Foreign Portfolio beginning on page 113.

Net income decreased $1.4 billion, or 92 percent, to $115 million and total revenue declined $2.2 billion, or 41 percent, to $3.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. These decreases were driven by $1.5 billion of losses resulting from our CDO-related exposure and $439 million in losses related to leveraged lending. For more information on these decreases, see the CMAS discussion. Additionally, we experienced an increase in net interest income and a decline in noninterest expense, which was partially offset by a higher provision for credit losses.

Net interest income increased $1.2 billion, or 49 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to higher market-based net interest income of $1.3 billion which benefited from the decrease in the cost of market-based funding due to a decline in short-term interest rates. Additionally, net interest income benefited from growth in average loans and leases of $76.8 billion, or 31 percent, combined with a higher contribution from our ALM activities driven by our lower cost of wholesale funding. These benefits were partially offset by the impact of competitive deposit pricing in the industry as well as the lagged effect of repricing our deposit products in a decreasing rate environment and a shift in the deposit product mix as more customers moved their deposits to higher yielding products. The growth in average loans and average deposits was due to organic growth as well as the LaSalle merger.

Noninterest income decreased $3.4 billion, or 114 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, driven by declines in trading account profits (losses) of $2.6 billion and all other income (loss) of $890 million. For more information on these decreases, see the CMAS discussion.

The provision for credit losses increased $408 million to $523 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 driven by a $420 million increase in provision for credit losses in Business Lending. For further discussion, see the Business Lending discussion.

Noninterest expense decreased $469 million, or 16 percent, mainly due to a reduction in performance-based incentive compensation in CMAS combined with the Treasury Services’ allocation of the reversal of certain Visa-related litigation costs associated with the completion of the Visa IPO partially offset by the addition of LaSalle.

 

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Business Lending

Business Lending provides a wide range of lending-related products and services to our clients through client relationship teams along with various product partners. Products include commercial and corporate bank loans and commitment facilities which cover our business banking clients, middle market commercial clients and our large multinational corporate clients. Real estate lending products are issued primarily to public and private developers, homebuilders and commercial real estate firms. Leasing and asset-based lending products offer our clients innovative financing solutions. Products also include indirect consumer loans which allow us to offer financing through automotive, marine, motorcycle and recreational vehicle dealerships across the U.S. Business Lending also contains the results for the economic hedging of our risk to certain credit counterparties utilizing various risk mitigation tools.

Net income decreased $126 million, or 27 percent, to $337 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 as an increase in net interest income was more than offset by higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense combined with lower noninterest income. Net interest income increased $376 million, or 35 percent, driven by average loan growth of 30 percent to $296.4 billion. The increase in average loans and leases was attributable to the LaSalle merger and organic growth primarily in commercial domestic and real estate loans. The decrease in noninterest income of $76 million, or 28 percent, was driven by writedowns related to an option to purchase loans that were recorded in trading account profits (losses). Partially offsetting this loss was an increase of $110 million in all other income primarily resulting from improved economic hedging results of our exposures to certain commercial clients.

The provision for credit losses increased $420 million to $523 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Additions to the reserves and higher net charge-offs were driven by the impact of the housing market slowdown on the homebuilder loan portfolio. Also contributing were higher net charge-offs related to seasoning of the dealer-related retail portfolios, and modest increases in middle market net charge-offs from very low prior year levels.

Noninterest expense increased $86 million, or 18 percent, primarily due to the LaSalle merger.

On April 29, 2008, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed a lower court’s decision that related to another taxpayer to disallow tax benefits associated with leveraged lease transactions commonly referred to as lease-in, lease-out (LILOs). As a result of this decision, during the second quarter we will revise our assumptions related to the projected cash flows of these and certain other leveraged lease transactions (e.g., sale-in, lease-out (SILOs)). We do not expect the resulting charge to have a significant impact on earnings.

 

 

Capital Markets and Advisory Services

CMAS provides financial products, advisory services and financing globally to our institutional investor clients in support of their investing and trading activities. We also work with our commercial and corporate issuer clients to provide debt and equity underwriting and distribution capabilities, merger-related advisory services and risk management solutions using interest rate, equity, credit, currency and commodity derivatives, foreign exchange, fixed income and mortgage-related products. The business may take positions in these products and participate in market-making activities dealing in government securities, equity and equity-linked securities, high-grade and high-yield corporate debt securities, commercial paper, mortgage-backed securities and ABS. Underwriting debt and equity, securities research and certain market-based activities are executed through Banc of America Securities, LLC which is a primary dealer in the U.S.

In January 2008, we announced changes in our CMAS business which better align the strategy of this business with GCIB’s broader integrated platform. We continue to provide corporate, commercial and sponsored clients with debt and equity capital-raising services, strategic advice, and a full range of corporate banking capabilities. However, we have reduced activities in certain structured products (e.g., CDOs) and are resizing the international platform to emphasize debt, cash management, and selected trading services, including rates and foreign exchange. This realignment, once completed, will result in the reduction of 680 front office personnel with additional infrastructure headcount reduction. We also plan to sell our equity prime brokerage business.

CMAS recognized a net loss of $1.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008, a decrease of $1.6 billion compared to the same period in 2007, driven by lower market-based revenue of $3.0 billion. The decrease was driven by $1.5 billion of losses, net of hedge gains, resulting from our CDO exposure, $439 million of losses on leveraged finance

 

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loans and our share of the leveraged forward calendar, $272 million of non CDO-related losses for counterparty credit risk valuations included in our structured credit trading business, $216 million of losses on auction rate securities (ARS), and $191 million of losses on CMBS funded debt and the forward calendar. Partially offsetting these declines was a reduction in noninterest expense due to lower performance-based incentive compensation.

CMAS evaluates its results using market-based revenue that is comprised of net interest income and noninterest income. The following table presents further detail regarding market-based revenue. Sales and trading revenue is segregated into fixed income from liquid products (primarily interest rate and commodity derivatives, foreign exchange contracts and public finance), credit products (primarily investment and noninvestment grade corporate debt obligations and credit derivatives), structured products (primarily CMBS, residential mortgage-backed securities, structured credit trading and CDOs), and equity income from equity-linked derivatives and cash equity activity.

 

   Three Month Ended March 31      

  (Dollars in millions)

         2008          2007    

  Investment banking income

     

  Advisory fees

   $66          $130      

  Debt underwriting

   359          503      

  Equity underwriting

   240          70      

  Total investment banking income

   665          703      

  Sales and trading revenue

     

  Fixed income:

     

  Liquid products

   744          413      

  Credit products

   (523)          511      

  Structured products

   (1,882)          317      

  Total fixed income

   (1,661)          1,241      

  Equity income

   348          421      

  Total sales and trading revenue

   (1,313)          1,662      

  Total Capital Markets and Advisory Services market-based revenue (1)

   $(648)          $2,365      

 

 

(1)

CMAS revenue of $(621) million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 consists of market-based revenue of $(648) million and $27 million of net interest income on loans that are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

Investment banking income decreased $38 million to $665 million due to reduced debt underwriting and advisory fees related to the current capital markets environment, which included the utilization of fees to distribute leveraged loan commitments. Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in equity underwriting income driven by fees earned on the Corporation’s preferred stock issuances in the first quarter for which GCIB was compensated on a management accounting basis with a corresponding offset in All Other.

Sales and trading revenue declined $3.0 billion to a negative $1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008. While structured products and credit products reported negative revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2008, liquid products revenue increased and equities continued to perform well when compared with the same period in 2007 given the market conditions.

 

   

Liquid products sales and trading revenue increased $331 million as CMAS took advantage of trending volatility in interest rate and foreign exchange markets which was partially offset by losses on ARS. For further discussion on our ARS exposure, see Industry Concentrations beginning on page 110.

 

   

Credit products had negative revenue of $523 million from sales and trading activities, a decline of $1.0 billion compared to the same period in 2007, driven by leveraged finance writedowns and trading losses. Losses of $439 million, net of $286 million of fees, were incurred on leveraged finance loans and our share of the leveraged forward calendar, as these markets experienced further illiquidity in the first quarter. Losses incurred on our leveraged exposure were not concentrated in any one type (senior secured, covenant light or subordinated/senior unsecured) and were generally due to wider new issuance credit spreads as compared to the negotiated spreads.

 

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At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Corporation’s share of the leveraged finance forward calendar consisted primarily of senior secured exposure of $3.9 billion and $12.2 billion and our funded position held for distribution was $9.6 billion and $6.1 billion. The decrease of $8.3 billion in the leveraged forward finance calendar was primarily due to the funding of outstanding commitments, approximately one-half of which were distributed through syndication. In addition, the leveraged finance forward calendar was reduced by client terminated commitments. Leveraged commitments that were funded during the three months ended March 31, 2008 but not distributed drove the increase of $3.5 billion in our funded exposure. In addition, we had limited investment grade exposure that was in line with our normal exposure levels.

 

   

Structured products sales and trading revenue was negative $1.9 billion, a decline in revenue of $2.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease was driven by $1.5 billion of losses resulting from our CDO exposure, which includes our super senior, warehouse, and sales and trading positions partially offset by our hedging gains. In addition, structured products was adversely impacted by $191 million of losses (net of hedges) on CMBS funded debt and the forward calendar, and losses related to other structured products. See the detailed CDO exposure discussion below. Other structured products, including residential mortgage-backed securities and structured credit trading, were negatively impacted by spread widening due to the credit market disruptions that continued into the first quarter of 2008.

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we held $11.1 billion and $13.6 billion of funded CMBS debt of which $8.7 billion and $8.9 billion were primarily floating-rate acquisition-related financings to major, well known operating companies. In addition, at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had a forward calendar of $784 million and $2.2 billion. The decrease in funded CMBS debt was driven by the securitization of a portion of the legacy LaSalle portfolio while the decrease in the forward calendar was driven by the funding of outstanding commitments and the business decision not to enter into any new floating-rate acquisition-related financings. The forward calendar at March 31, 2008 was comprised primarily of fixed-rate conduit product financings. The $191 million of losses recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2008, associated with our CMBS exposure was concentrated in the more difficult to hedge floating-rate debt.

 

   

Equity products revenue decreased $73 million to $348 million primarily due to lower trading results in the equity derivative businesses.

Collateralized Debt Obligation Exposure at March 31, 2008

CDO vehicles are special purpose entities (SPEs) that hold diversified pools of fixed income securities. CDO vehicles issue multiple tranches of debt securities, including commercial paper, mezzanine and equity securities.

Our CDO exposure can be divided into funded and unfunded super senior liquidity commitment exposure, other super senior exposure (i.e., cash positions and derivative contracts), warehouse, and sales and trading positions. For more information on our CDO liquidity commitments, refer to Collateralized Debt Obligation Vehicles as part of Off- and On-Balance Sheet Arrangements beginning on page 79. Super senior exposure represents the most senior class of commercial paper or notes that are issued by the CDO vehicles. These financial instruments benefit from the subordination of all other securities issued by the CDO vehicles.

 

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The following table presents a rollforward of our super senior CDO exposure for the three months ended March 31, 2008.

 

Super Senior Collateralized Debt Obligation Exposure Rollforward

 

    (Dollars in millions)

  December 31, 2007

Net Exposure

  Paydowns /
Liquidations /
Other
  First Quarter
2008 Net
Writedowns (1)
  Reclassifications (2)   March 31, 2008
Net Exposure

Super senior liquidity commitments

         

High grade

  $5,166   $(64)   $(388)   $(1,822)   $2,892

Mezzanine

  358   -   -   -   358

CDOs-squared

  2,227   (361)   (468)   (984)   414

Total super senior liquidity commitments

  7,751   (425)   (856)   (2,806)   3,664

Other super senior exposure

         

High grade

  2,125   (375)   (143)   1,822   3,429

Mezzanine

  795   24   (324)   -   495

CDOs-squared

  959   (36)   (210)   984   1,697

Total other super senior exposure

  3,879   (387)   (677)   2,806   5,621

Losses on CDOs that have since been liquidated

      (39)    

Total super senior exposure

  $11,630   $(812)   $(1,572)   $-   $9,285
 

(1)  

Net of insurance.

 

(2)  

Represents CDO exposure that was reclassified from super senior liquidity commitments to other super senior exposure as the Corporation is no longer providing liquidity.

At March 31, 2008 our super senior exposure decreased $2.3 billion to $9.3 billion which was primarily driven by $1.6 billion of super senior writedowns as the CDO market continued to deteriorate during the three months ended March 31, 2008. The losses reduced trading account profits (losses) by $1.011 billion and other income by $561 million. The losses recorded in other income were impairment charges related to CDOs classified as AFS debt securities and we had no unrealized losses recorded in accumulated OCI related to these securities at March 31, 2008. In addition, $400 million of hedge and other gains, $40 million of losses related to subprime sales and trading positions, $90 million of losses related to our CDO warehouse, and $160 million of losses to cover counterparty risk on our CDO exposure impacted our results. The table above includes the reclassification of $2.8 billion of super senior liquidity commitments exposure to other super senior exposure during the period as we are no longer providing liquidity to certain CDO vehicles.

During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we liquidated a CDO vehicle and purchased certain underlying securities from the vehicle at auction. At March 31, 2008, we held $242 million in assets classified as AFS debt securities that we acquired from the CDO vehicle after the recognition of $25 million in impairment charges related to these assets subsequent to their purchase. Prior to liquidation of the CDO vehicle, we recorded losses of $39 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008. These securities are carried at approximately 50 percent of original par at March 31, 2008.

 

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The following table presents our super senior CDO exposure at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

Super Senior Collateralized Debt Obligation Exposure
    Total CDO Exposure at March 31, 2008        
    Subprime Exposure (1)   Non-Subprime Exposure (2)       Total CDO Net Exposure
    (Dollars in millions)   Gross   Insured   Net of
Insured
Amount
 

Cumulative
Write-

downs (3)

  Net
Exposure
      Gross   Insured   Net of
Insured
Amount
 

Cumulative
Write-

downs (3)

  Net
Exposure
      March 31
2008
 

December 31

2007

Super senior liquidity commitments

                           

High grade

  $1,800   $(1,800)   $-   $-   $-     $3,042   $-   $3,042   $(150)   $2,892     $2,892   $5,166

Mezzanine

  363   -   363   (5)   358     -   -   -   -   -     358   358

CDOs-squared

  988   -   988   (574)   414     -   -   -   -   -     414   2,227

Total super senior liquidity commitments

  3,151   (1,800)   1,351   (579)   772     3,042   -   3,042   (150)   2,892     3,664   7,751

Other super senior exposure

                           

High grade

  6,242   (2,043)   4,199   (1,228)   2,971     1,192   (734)   458   -   458     3,429   2,125

Mezzanine

  1,570   -   1,570   (1,075)   495     -   -   -   -   -     495   795

CDOs-squared

  4,132   -   4,132   (2,435)   1,697     376   (376)   -   -   -     1,697   959

Total other super senior exposure

  11,944   (2,043)   9,901   (4,738)   5,163     1,568   (1,110)   458   -   458     5,621   3,879

Losses on CDOs that have since been liquidated (4)

              (121)                                    

Total super senior exposure

  $15,095   $(3,843)   $11,252   $(5,438)   $5,935       $4,610   $(1,110)   $3,500   $(150)   $3,350       $9,285   $11,630

(1)

Classified as subprime when subprime consumer real estate loans make up at least 35 percent of the ultimate underlying collateral.

(2)

Includes highly-rated collateralized loan obligations and commercial mortgage-backed securities super senior exposure.

(3)

Net of insurance.

(4)

At March 31, 2008, the Corporation held $242 million in assets acquired from liquidated CDO vehicles. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Corporation recognized $25 million in impairment charges on these assets.

At March 31, 2008, super senior exposure, net of writedowns, in the form of cash positions, liquidity commitments, and derivative contracts consisted of net subprime super senior exposure of $5.9 billion and net non-subprime super senior exposure of $3.4 billion. For more information on our super senior liquidity exposure, see the CDO discussion beginning on page 82.

Our net subprime super senior liquidity commitments were $772 million at March 31, 2008. The mezzanine exposure is collateralized with about 40 percent of subprime assets of which approximately 50 percent are of higher quality vintages from 2005 and prior. The CDOs-squared exposure is supported by approximately 75 percent of subprime collateral, 85 percent of which were 2006 and 2007 vintages.

Our net other subprime super senior exposure was $5.2 billion at March 31, 2008. Other subprime super senior exposure consists primarily of our cash and derivative positions including the unfunded commitments. The collateral supporting the high grade exposure consisted of about 60 percent subprime, of which approximately 25 percent was made up of 2006 and 2007 vintages while the remaining amount was comprised of higher quality vintages from 2005 and prior. The mezzanine exposure underlying collateral was heavily weighted to subprime with approximately 75 percent coming from later vintages while the CDOs-squared collateral was made up of approximately 50 percent subprime assets comprised of later vintages.

We also had net non-subprime super senior exposure of $3.4 billion which primarily included highly-rated CLO and CMBS super senior exposures. The net non-subprime super senior exposure is comprised of $2.9 billion of super senior liquidity commitment exposure and $458 million of high grade other super senior exposure. We recorded losses of $93 million associated with these exposures during the three months ended March 31, 2008. These losses were primarily driven by spread widening rather than impairment of principal.

In addition to the table above, we also had commercial real estate and mortgage related security exposure with a market value of approximately $500 million in our CDO warehouse, of which approximately $200 million was classified as subprime, and

 

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retained exposure related to a subprime mortgage securitization of $200 million. These combined subprime exposures are carried at approximately 35 percent of par value.

As mentioned above, during the first quarter of 2008, the CDO and related markets continued to deteriorate experiencing significant illiquidity impacting the availability and reliability of transparent pricing. At March 31, 2008, we valued these CDO structures assuming they would terminate and looked through the structures to the underlying net asset values supported by the underlying securities. We were able to obtain security values using either external pricing services or offsetting trades for approximately 75 percent of the CDO exposure for which we used the average of all prices obtained by security. The majority of the remaining positions where no pricing quotes were available were valued using matrix pricing by aligning the value to securities that had similar vintage of underlying assets and ratings, using the lowest rating between the rating services. The remaining securities were valued as interest-only strips, based on estimated average life, exposure type and vintage of the underlying assets. We assigned a zero value to the CDO positions for which an event of default has been triggered and liquidation notice has been issued. The value of cash held by the trustee for all CDO structures was also incorporated into the resulting net asset value.

At March 31, 2008, we held $5.0 billion of purchased insurance on our CDO exposure of which 63 percent was provided by monolines in the form of CDS, total-return-swaps (TRS) or financial guarantees. The majority of this purchased insurance relates to the high grade super senior exposure. In the case of default, we will first look to the underlying securities and then to recovery on purchased insurance. These contracts were valued at $1.3 billion before the consideration of counterparty credit risk at March 31, 2008 by referencing the fair value of the CDO. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we adjusted these fair values downward and our cumulative counterparty credit risk valuation adjustment related to our super senior exposure was approximately $300 million at March 31, 2008. In addition, we held collateral in the form of cash and marketable securities of $176 million related to our purchased insurance. For more information on our credit exposure to monolines, see Industry Concentrations beginning on page 110.

 

 

Treasury Services

Treasury Services provides integrated working capital management and treasury solutions to clients worldwide through our network of proprietary offices and special clearing arrangements. Our clients include multinationals, middle-market companies, correspondent banks, commercial real estate firms and governments. Our products and services include treasury management, trade finance, foreign exchange, short-term credit facilities and short-term investing options. Net interest income is derived from interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits, sweep investments, and other liability management products. Deposit products provide a relatively stable source of funding and liquidity. We earn net interest spread revenues from investing this liquidity in earning assets through client-facing lending activity and our ALM activities. The revenue is attributed to the deposit products using our funds transfer pricing process which takes into account the interest rates and maturity characteristics of the deposits. Noninterest income is generated from payment and receipt products, merchant services, wholesale card products, and trade services and is comprised largely of service charges which are net of market-based earnings credit rates applied against noninterest-bearing deposits.

Net income increased $354 million, or 68 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 driven by higher noninterest income and reduced noninterest expense, which were partially offset by a decline in net interest income. Net interest income decreased $120 million, or 12 percent, primarily due to spread compression resulting from the impact of competitively pricing our deposits in a decreasing rate environment and the change in the mix between interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits as clients shifted to interest-bearing and/or higher yielding investment alternatives. Partially offsetting these impacts was an increase in average deposits of $18.1 billion due to organic growth as well as the LaSalle merger. Noninterest income grew $534 million, or 71 percent, driven by the $388 million gain related to Treasury Services’ allocation of the Visa IPO gain and increased service charges. Service charges increased $118 million due to organic growth, the repositioning of our pricing structure and the LaSalle merger. Noninterest expense decreased $148 million, or 17 percent, mainly due to the reversal of certain Visa-related litigation costs associated with the completion of the Visa IPO.

 

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ALM/Other

ALM/Other includes an allocation of a portion of the Corporation’s net interest income from ALM activities as well as residual amounts related to discontinued business activities.

Net income increased $41 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 mainly due to an increase in net interest income of $67 million, resulting from a higher contribution from the Corporation’s ALM activities, which was due in part to investing the Corporation’s deposits at profitable spreads.

 

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Global Wealth and Investment Management

 

      Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
  (Dollars in millions)    Total                  U.S.
Trust (1)
          Columbia
Management
        Premier
Banking and
Investments
       

ALM/      

Other      

  Net interest income (2)

   $998       $278        $2      $535      $183      

  Noninterest income:

                       

Investment and brokerage services

   1,081       379        398      258      46      

All other income (loss)

   (157)       18        (221)      48      (2)      

Total noninterest income

   924         397          177        306        44      

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   1,922       675        179      841      227      

  Provision for credit losses

   243       3        -      240      -      

  Noninterest expense

   1,316       504        305      436      71      

Income (loss) before income taxes

   363         168          (126)        165        156      

  Income tax expense (benefit) (2)

   135       62        (47)      61      59      

Net income (loss)

   $228         $106          $(79)        $104        $97      

  Net interest yield (2)

   2.73   %      2.33       %    n/m      1.90   %    n/m      

  Return on average equity (3)

   7.92       9.64        (44.72)   %    21.26      n/m      

  Efficiency ratio (2)

   68.49       74.68        n/m      51.84      n/m      

  Period end - total assets (4)

   $163,013         $52,729          $2,990        $120,924        n/m      
      Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
  (Dollars in millions)    Total                  U.S.
Trust (1)
          Columbia
Management
        Premier
Banking and
Investments
       

ALM/      

Other      

  Net interest income (2)

   $923       $223        $-      $658      $42      

  Noninterest income:

                       

  Investment and brokerage services

   806       224        320      221      41      

  All other income

   52       11        1      34      6      

Total noninterest income

   858         235          321        255        47      

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   1,781       458        321      913      89      
 

  Provision for credit losses

   23       21        -      2      -      

  Noninterest expense

   975         308          236        411        20      

Income before income taxes

   783       129        85      500      69      

  Income tax expense (2)

   292       48        31      185      28      

Net income

   $491         $81          $54        $315        $41      
 

  Net interest yield (2)

   3.18   %      2.77     %    n/m      2.86   %    n/m      

  Return on average equity (3)

   22.61       21.94        43.40   %    78.87      n/m      

  Efficiency ratio (2)

   54.75       67.36        73.45      45.06      n/m      

  Period end – total assets (4)

   $127,404         $33,989          $1,887        $98,137        n/m      

 

 

(1)  

In July 2007, the operations of the acquired U.S. Trust Corporation were combined with the former Private Bank creating U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management. The results of the combined business were reported for periods beginning on July 1, 2007. Prior to July 1, 2007, the results solely reflect that of the former Private Bank.

 

 

(2)  

FTE basis

 

 

(3)  

Average allocated equity for GWIM was $11.6 billion and $8.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

 

(4)  

Total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

n/m = not meaningful

 

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             Ending Balance                        Average Balance            
                 March 31                        Three Months Ended March 31        

(Dollars in millions)

   2008      2007         2008      2007

Total loans and leases

   $87,308      $66,695       $85,642      $65,839  

Total earning assets (1)

   153,747      120,701       147,111      117,619  

Total assets (1)

   163,013      127,404       156,913      124,083  

Total deposits

   154,174      118,124         148,500      114,955  
 

(1)  

Total earning assets and total assets include asset allocations to match liabilities (i.e., deposits).

 

GWIM provides a wide offering of customized banking, investment and brokerage services tailored to meet the changing wealth management goals of our individual and institutional customer base. Our clients have access to a range of services offered through three primary businesses: U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management (U.S. Trust); Columbia Management (Columbia); and Premier Banking and Investments (PB&I). In addition, ALM/Other primarily includes the results of ALM activities.

In December 2007, we completed the sale of Marsico. Prior year Marsico business results have been transferred to All Other to better facilitate year-over-year comparisons.

Net income decreased $263 million, or 54 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, as an increase in total revenue was more than offset by higher provision for credit losses and noninterest expense.

Net interest income increased $75 million, or eight percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to an increased contribution from ALM activities driven by our lower cost of wholesale funding, the acquisition of U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle, and organic growth in deposit and loan balances. These increases were partially offset by spread compression and a shift in the deposit product mix as more customers moved their deposits to higher yielding products. GWIM deposit growth benefited from the U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle acquisitions, the migration of customer relationships and related deposit balances from GCSBB, and organic growth. A more detailed discussion regarding migrated customer relationships and related deposit balances is provided in the PB&I discussion beginning on page 75.

Noninterest income increased $66 million, or eight percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, driven by higher investment and brokerage services income. This increase was due to higher AUM primarily attributable to the impact of the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition. Partially offsetting this increase was a decline in all other income due to losses associated with the support provided to certain cash funds managed within Columbia.

Provision for credit losses increased $220 million to $243 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to deterioration in the home equity portfolio in PB&I.

Noninterest expense increased $341 million, or 35 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 driven by the additions of U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle, combined with higher marketing costs and revenue-related expenses.

 

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Client Assets

The following table presents client assets which consist of AUM, client brokerage assets and assets in custody.

 

Client Assets (1)

 

     March 31

   (Dollars in millions)

   2008         2007

  Assets under management

   $607,521       $547,448  

  Client brokerage assets

   213,743       209,106  

  Assets in custody

   158,486       109,163  

  Less: Client brokerage assets and assets in custody included in assets under management

 

   (88,755)

 

        (73,793)  

 

 Total net client assets

 

   $890,995

 

        $791,924  

 

 

 

(1)  

In December 2007, the Corporation completed the sale of Marsico. Total AUM at March 31, 2007 includes AUM that were managed prior to the sale of Marsico of $51.0 billion (including $5.2 billion in eliminations). Prior year Marsico business results have been transferred to All Other to better facilitate year-over-year comparisons.

AUM increased $60.1 billion, or 11 percent, as of March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, driven by the U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle acquisitions, which contributed $115.6 billion and $7.5 billion, as well as net inflows. These increases were partially offset by the sale of Marsico, which resulted in a decrease of $60.9 billion, and market declines. As of March 31, 2008, client brokerage assets increased by $4.6 billion, or two percent, compared to the same period in 2007, driven by the addition of LaSalle partially offset by market declines. Assets in custody increased $49.3 billion, or 45 percent, to $158.5 billion compared to the same period in 2007, driven mainly by U.S. Trust Corporation which contributed $45.0 billion.

 

U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management

In July 2007, we completed the acquisition of U.S. Trust Corporation for $3.3 billion in cash combining it with the Private Bank, to form U.S. Trust. The results of the combined business were reported for periods beginning on July 1, 2007. Prior to July 1, 2007, the results solely reflect that of the former Private Bank. U.S. Trust provides comprehensive wealth management solutions to wealthy and ultra-wealthy clients with investable assets of more than $3 million. In addition, U.S. Trust provides resources and customized solutions to meet clients’ wealth structuring, investment management, trust and banking needs as well as specialty asset management services (oil and gas, real estate, farm and ranch, timberland, private businesses and tax advisory). Clients also benefit from access to resources available through the Corporation including capital markets products, large and complex financing solutions, and its extensive banking platform.

Net income increased $25 million, or 31 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to higher net interest income and noninterest income partially offset by higher noninterest expense. Net interest income increased $55 million, or 25 percent, driven by growth in average loans and leases due to the impact of the acquisitions of U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle along with organic growth, partially offset by deposit spread compression and a shift in deposit product mix as more customers moved their deposits to higher yielding products. Noninterest income grew $162 million, or 69 percent and noninterest expense increased $196 million, or 64 percent, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. These increases were primarily driven by the U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle acquisitions.

 

Columbia Management

Columbia is an asset management business serving the needs of both institutional clients and individual customers. Columbia provides asset management products and services, including mutual funds and separate accounts. Columbia mutual fund offerings provide a broad array of investment strategies and products including equity, fixed income (taxable and nontaxable) and money market (taxable and nontaxable) funds. Columbia distributes its products and services to

 

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institutional clients and individuals directly and through U.S. Trust, PB&I, GCIB, and nonproprietary channels including other brokerage firms.

In December 2007, we completed the sale of Marsico. Prior year Marsico business results have been transferred to All Other to better facilitate year-over-year comparisons.

Net income declined $133 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 to a net loss of $79 million, compared to the same period in 2007 driven by a loss of $220 million recorded in other income related to the support provided to certain cash funds. Partially offsetting this decrease was higher investment and brokerage services income of $78 million driven by the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition and growth in AUM. Noninterest expense increased $69 million driven by the U.S. Trust Corporation acquisition and higher revenue-related expenses.

Beginning in the second half of 2007, we provided support to certain cash funds managed within Columbia. The funds for which we provided support typically invest in high quality, short-term securities with a weighted average maturity of 90 days or less, including a limited number of securities issued by SIVs. Due to market disruptions, certain SIV investments were downgraded by the rating agencies and experienced a decline in fair value. We entered into capital commitments which required the Corporation to provide cash to these funds in the event the net asset value per unit of a fund declined below certain thresholds. The capital commitments expire no later than the third quarter of 2010. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 we had gross (i.e., funded and unfunded) capital commitments to the funds of $525 million and $565 million. The decrease of $40 million in capital commitments at March 31, 2008 was due to the termination or reduction of certain capital commitments upon the purchase of investments from the funds. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, we incurred losses of $127 million related to these capital commitments. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 the remaining loss exposure on capital commitments was $16 million and $183 million.

Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2008, we purchased $994 million of certain investments from the funds and recorded losses of $93 million.

We may from time to time, but are under no obligation to, provide additional support to funds managed within Columbia. Future support, if any, may take the form of additional capital commitments to the funds or the purchase of assets from the funds. During the second quarter of 2008, we have provided $235 million in additional capital commitments to these funds.

We are not the primary beneficiary of the cash funds and do not consolidate the cash funds managed within Columbia because the subordinated support provided by the Corporation will not absorb a majority of the variability created by the assets of the funds. The cash funds had total AUM of $176.2 billion at March 31, 2008.

 

Premier Banking and Investments

PB&I includes Banc of America Investments, our full-service retail brokerage business and our Premier Banking channel. PB&I brings personalized banking and investment expertise through priority service with client-dedicated teams. PB&I provides a high-touch client experience through a network of approximately 5,700 client facing associates to our affluent customers with a personal wealth profile of at least $100,000 of investable assets.

PB&I includes the impact of migrating qualifying affluent customers, including their related deposit balances, from GCSBB to our PB&I model. After migration, the associated net interest income, service charges and noninterest expense are recorded in PB&I. The change reported in the financial results of PB&I includes both the impact of migration, as well as the impact of incremental organic growth from providing a broader array of financial products and services to PB&I customers. For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, a total of $7.1 billion, including $2.3 billion related to the one-time migration of legacy LaSalle accounts, and $3.6 billion of deposits were migrated from GCSBB to PB&I.

Net income decreased $211 million, or 67 percent, to $104 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, due to lower net interest income and an increase in provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher noninterest income. Net interest income declined $123 million, or 19 percent principally driven by spread compression and a shift of the product mix in the deposit portfolio as more customers moved their deposits to higher yielding products. This decrease in net interest income is partially offset by higher loan balances within PB&I.

 

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Noninterest income increased $51 million, or 20 percent, to $306 million driven primarily by higher investment and brokerage services income.

Provision for credit losses increased $238 million to $240 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, primarily driven by higher credit costs in the home equity portfolio reflective of deterioration in the housing markets.

Noninterest expense increased $25 million, or six percent, to $436 million primarily due to the impact of the LaSalle acquisition.

 

ALM/Other

ALM/Other primarily includes the results of ALM activities.

Net income increased $56 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The increase was driven by higher net interest income of $141 million primarily due to the increased contribution from ALM activities, which was due in part to investing the Corporation’s deposits at profitable spreads. Noninterest expense increased $51 million driven by higher expenses related to retirement and mass affluent customer initiatives.

 

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All Other

 

     For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008         For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
     (Dollars in millions)    Reported
Basis (1)
   Securitization
Offset (2)
   As
Adjusted
         Reported
Basis (1)
   Securitization
Offset (2)
   As
Adjusted

Net interest income (3)

   $(1,990)    $2,055    $65         $(1,752)    $1,890    $138  

Noninterest income:

                    

Card income

   664    (704)    (40)         721    (839)    (118)  

Equity investment income

   268    -    268         896    -    896  

Gains on sales of debt securities

   220    -    220         61    -    61  

All other income (loss)

   (255)    65    (190)         46    77    123  

Total noninterest income

   897    (639)    258         1,724    (762)    962  

Total revenue, net of interest expense

   (1,093)    1,416    323         (28)    1,128    1,100  

Provision for credit losses

   (1,208)    1,416    208         (1,314)    1,128    (186)  

Merger and restructuring charges (4)

   170    -    170         111    -    111  

All other noninterest expense

   109    -    109         406    -    406  

Income (loss) before income taxes

   (164)    -    (164)         769    -    769  

Income tax expense (3)

   59    -    59         154    -    154  

Net income (loss)

   $(223)    $-    $(223)           $615    $-    $615  

 

 

(1)  

Provision for credit losses represents the provision for credit losses in All Other combined with the GCSBB securitization offset.

 

(2)  

The securitization offset on net interest income is on a funds transfer pricing methodology consistent with the way funding costs are allocated to the businesses.

 

(3)  

FTE basis

 

(4)  

For more information on merger and restructuring charges, see Note 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

GCSBB is reported on a managed basis which includes a “securitization impact” adjustment which has the effect of assuming that loans that have been securitized were not sold and presenting these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold are presented. All Other’s results include a corresponding “securitization offset” which removes the impact of these securitized loans in order to present the consolidated results on a GAAP basis (i.e., held basis). See the GCSBB section beginning on page 57 for information on the GCSBB managed results. The following All Other discussion focuses on the results on an as adjusted basis excluding the securitization offset. For additional information, see Note 16 – Business Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In addition to the securitization offset discussed above, All Other includes our Equity Investments businesses and Other.

Equity Investments includes Principal Investing, Corporate Investments and Strategic Investments. Principal Investing is comprised of a diversified portfolio of investments in privately-held and publicly-traded companies at all stages of their life cycle from start-up to buyout. These investments are made either directly in a company or held through a fund and are accounted for at fair value. In addition, Principal Investing has unfunded equity commitments related to some of these investments. For more information on these commitments see Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Corporate Investments primarily includes investments in publicly-traded equity securities and funds which are accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities. Strategic Investments includes investments of $14.5 billion in CCB, $2.7 billion in Grupo Financiero Santander, S.A. (Santander), $2.6 billion in Banco Itaú and other investments. Shares of CCB are accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities and carried at fair value with a corresponding net-of-tax offset to accumulated OCI. These shares are non-transferable until October 2008. We also hold an option to increase our ownership interest in CCB to 19.1 percent. Additional shares received upon exercise of this option are restricted through August 2011. This option expires in February 2011. The strike price of the option is based on the IPO price that steps up on

 

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an annual basis and is currently at 103 percent of the IPO price. The strike price of the option is capped at 118 percent of the IPO price depending when the option is exercised. Our investment in Santander is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The restricted shares of Banco Itaú are currently carried at cost but will be accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities and carried at fair value with an offset, net-of-tax, to accumulated OCI beginning in the second quarter of 2008. Income associated with Equity Investments is recorded in equity investment income.

Other includes the residual impact of the allowance for credit losses and the cost allocation processes, merger and restructuring charges, intersegment eliminations, and the results of certain businesses that are expected to be or have been sold or are in the process of being liquidated. Other also includes certain amounts associated with ALM activities, including the residual impact of funds transfer pricing allocation methodologies, amounts associated with the change in the value of derivatives used as economic hedges of interest rate and foreign exchange rate fluctuations that do not qualify for SFAS 133 hedge accounting treatment, foreign exchange rate fluctuations related to SFAS 52 revaluation of foreign denominated debt issuances, certain gains (losses) on sales of whole mortgage loans, and gains (losses) on sales of debt securities. Other also includes adjustments to noninterest income and income tax expense to remove the FTE impact of items (primarily low-income housing tax credits) that have been grossed up within noninterest income to a FTE amount in the business segments.

Net income (loss) decreased $838 million to $(223) million due to a decline in revenue combined with higher provision for credit losses partially offset by lower all other noninterest expense.

Net interest income declined $73 million primarily due to the absence of net interest income from the sale of our Latin American and Marsico operations, which were included in our 2007 results.

Noninterest income decreased $704 million due to lower equity investment income and all other income (loss). Equity investment income decreased $628 million to $268 million due to a lack of liquidity in the market for our Principal Investing portfolio. We expect these conditions to continue in 2008, however changes in the market environment and continued disruptions in the equity markets could further impact the Principal Investing and Corporate and Strategic Investments portfolios. All other income (loss) declined $313 million to $(190) million due to the absence of noninterest income related to our Latin American and Marsico operations which were sold in 2007, and the management accounting offset related to investment banking fees earned by GCIB on the Corporation’s preferred stock issuances in the first quarter.

The following table presents the components of All Other’s equity investment income and a reconciliation to the total consolidated equity investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

  Components of Equity Investment Income
             Three Months Ended March 31        
  (Dollars in millions)    2008        2007    

  Principal Investing

   $12        $575        

  Corporate and Strategic Investments

   256        321        

Total equity investment income included in All Other

   268        896        

  Total equity investment income included in the business segments

   786        118        

Total consolidated equity investment income

   $1,054        $1,014        

 

Provision for credit losses increased $394 million to $208 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $(186) million during the same period in 2007 primarily due to higher credit costs related to our ALM residential mortgage portfolio that is reflective of the deterioration in the housing markets and prior year reserve reductions reflecting the sale of the Argentina portfolio.

Merger and restructuring charges increased $59 million to $170 million due to the integration costs associated with the U.S. Trust Corporation and LaSalle mergers. For additional information on merger and restructuring charges, see Note 2 – Merger and Restructuring Activity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

All other noninterest expense decreased $297 million due to lower stock compensation expense for amounts granted to eligible employees combined with the absence of noninterest expense related to our Latin American and Marsico operations which were sold in 2007.

 

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Off- and On-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of business, we support our customers’ financing needs by facilitating their access to the commercial paper market. In addition, we utilize certain financing arrangements to meet our balance sheet management, funding and liquidity needs. For additional information on our liquidity risk, see Liquidity Risk and Capital Management beginning on page 88. These activities utilize SPEs, typically in the form of corporations, limited liability companies, or trusts, which raise funds by issuing short-term commercial paper or similar instruments to third party investors. These SPEs typically hold various types of financial assets whose cash flows are the primary source of repayment for the liabilities of the SPEs. Investors have recourse to the assets in the SPE and often benefit from other credit enhancements, such as overcollateralization in the form of excess assets in the SPE, liquidity facilities, and other arrangements. As a result, the SPEs can typically obtain a favorable credit rating from the rating agencies, resulting in lower financing costs for our customers.

We have liquidity agreements, SBLCs or other arrangements with the SPEs, as described below, under which we are obligated to provide funding in the event of a market disruption or other specified event or otherwise provide credit support to the entities (hereinafter referred to as liquidity exposure). We manage our credit risk and any market risk on these arrangements by subjecting them to our normal underwriting and risk management processes. Our credit ratings and changes thereto will affect the borrowing cost and liquidity of these SPEs. In addition, significant changes in counterparty asset valuation and credit standing may also affect the ability of the SPEs to issue commercial paper. The contractual or notional amount of these commitments as presented in Table 8 represents our maximum possible funding obligation and is not, in management’s view, representative of expected losses or funding requirements. From time to time, we may purchase commercial paper issued by these SPEs in connection with market-making activities or for investment purposes. During the second half of 2007 and into the first quarter of 2008, there were instances in which the asset-backed commercial paper market became illiquid due to market perceptions of uncertainty and certain investment activities were affected. As a result, at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we held $5.6 billion and $6.6 billion of commercial paper on the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheet that was issued in connection with our liquidity obligations to unconsolidated CDOs summarized in the table below.

 

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The following table presents our liquidity exposure to these consolidated and unconsolidated SPEs, which include VIEs and QSPEs. VIEs are SPEs which lack sufficient equity at risk or whose equity investors do not have a controlling financial interest. QSPEs are SPEs whose activities are strictly limited to holding and servicing financial assets. Some, but not all, of the liquidity commitments to VIEs are considered to be significant variable interests and are disclosed in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Those liquidity commitments that are not significant variable interests are not required to be included in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

  Table 8

  Special Purpose Entities Liquidity Exposure (1)

     March 31, 2008
   VIEs       QSPEs   

  (Dollars in millions)

   Consolidated (2)   Unconsolidated         Unconsolidated    Total

  Corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits

   $14,722   $44,429       $-    $59,151  

  Municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs

   5,422   2,770       7,301    15,493  

  Asset acquisition conduits

   1,495   5,079       -    6,574  

  Collateralized debt obligation vehicles (3)

   -   6,193       -    6,193  

  Customer-sponsored conduits

   -   1,688       -    1,688  

  Total liquidity exposure

   $21,639   $60,159         $7,301    $89,099  
   December 31, 2007
   VIEs       QSPEs   

  (Dollars in millions)

   Consolidated (2)   Unconsolidated         Unconsolidated    Total

  Corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits

   $16,984   $47,335       $-    $64,319  

  Municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs

   7,359   3,120       7,251    17,730  

  Asset acquisition conduits

   1,623   6,399       -    8,022  

  Collateralized debt obligation vehicles (3)

   3,240   9,026       -    12,266  

  Customer-sponsored conduits

   -   1,724       -    1,724  

  Total liquidity exposure

   $29,206   $67,604         $7,251    $104,061  
 

(1)  

Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements is related to this table but only reflects those entities in which we hold a significant variable interest.

 

(2)  

We consolidate VIEs when we are the primary beneficiary that will absorb the majority of the expected losses or expected residual returns of the VIEs or both.

 

(3)  

For additional information on our CDO exposures and related writedowns at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, see the CDO discussion beginning on page 67.

At March 31, 2008 the Corporation’s total liquidity exposure to SPEs was $89.1 billion, a decrease of $15.0 billion from December 31, 2007. The decrease was primarily due to CDOs and corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits. The decrease of $6.1 billion in CDOs was primarily due to the removal of CDOs from the above table as we hold all of their commercial paper and no longer provide liquidity support to them. The decrease of $5.2 billion in corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits was primarily due to the termination of several facilities during the three months ended March 31, 2008.

Corporation-Sponsored Multi-Seller Conduits

We administer three multi-seller conduits, two of which are unconsolidated, which provide a low-cost funding alternative to our customers by facilitating their access to the commercial paper market. We receive fees for providing combinations of liquidity and SBLCs or similar loss protection commitments to the conduits. These commitments represent significant variable interests in the SPEs, which are discussed in more detail in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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At March 31, 2008, our liquidity commitments to the conduits were collateralized by various classes of assets which incorporate features such as overcollateralization and cash reserves which are designed to provide credit support at a level equivalent to investment grade as determined in accordance with internal risk rating guidelines. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, there were no material write-downs or downgrades of assets.

On a combined basis, the unconsolidated conduits have issued approximately $27 million of capital notes and equity interests to third parties, all of which were outstanding at March 31, 2008. This represents the maximum amount of loss that would be absorbed by the third party investors. Based on an analysis of projected cash flows, we have determined that we will not absorb a majority of the variability created by the assets of the conduits.

Our liquidity, SBLCs and similar loss protection commitments obligate us to purchase assets from the conduits at the conduits’ cost. Subsequent realized losses on assets purchased from the unconsolidated conduits would be reimbursed from the cash received from the sale of capital notes and equity interests to third party investors. We would absorb losses in excess of such amounts. If a conduit is unable to re-issue commercial paper due to illiquidity in the commercial paper markets or deterioration in the asset portfolio, we are obligated to provide funding subject to the following limitations. Our obligations to purchase assets under the SBLCs and similar loss protection commitments are subject to a maximum commitment amount which is typically set at eight percent to 10 percent of total outstanding commercial paper. Our obligation to purchase assets under the liquidity agreements, which comprise the remainder of our exposure, is generally limited to the amount of non-defaulted assets. We are not obligated to fund under the liquidity, SBLCs or similar loss protection commitments if the conduit is the subject of a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy proceeding.

The liquidity commitments and SBLCs provided to unconsolidated conduits are included in Table 9 in the Obligations and Commitments section beginning on page 83. We have no other contractual obligations to the unconsolidated conduits, nor do we intend to provide noncontractual or other forms of support.

Despite the market disruptions in the second half of 2007 and through the first quarter of 2008, the conduits did not experience any material difficulties in issuing commercial paper. The Corporation did not purchase any commercial paper issued by the conduits other than incidentally and in its role as a commercial paper dealer.

Municipal Bond Trusts and Corporate SPEs

We have provided a total of $15.5 billion and $17.7 billion in liquidity support to municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. We administer municipal bond trusts that hold highly-rated, long-term, fixed-rate municipal bonds, some of which are callable prior to maturity, for which we provided liquidity support of $11.2 billion and $13.4 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. In addition, we administer several conduits to which we provided $4.3 billion of liquidity support at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

As it relates to the municipal bond trusts the weighted average remaining life of the bonds at March 31, 2008 was 19.3 years. Substantially all of the bonds are rated AAA or AA and some of the bonds benefit from insurance provided by monolines. There were no material write-downs or downgrades of assets or issuers during the three months ended March 31, 2008. The trusts obtain financing by issuing floating-rate trust certificates that reprice on a weekly basis to third party investors. The floating-rate investors have the right to tender the certificates at any time upon seven days notice. We serve as remarketing agent and liquidity provider for the trusts. Should we be unable to remarket the tendered certificates, we are generally obligated to purchase them at par. We are not obligated to purchase the certificate if a bond’s credit rating declines below investment grade or in the event of certain defaults or bankruptcy of the issuer and insurer. The total amount of floating-rate certificates for which we provide liquidity support was $11.2 billion and $13.4 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Some of these trusts are QSPEs. We consolidate those trusts that are not QSPEs if we hold the residual interest or otherwise expect to absorb a majority of the variability of the trusts. Included in the amounts above are $5.8 billion and $6.1 billion of liquidity commitments to unconsolidated trusts at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, which are included in Table 9 in the Obligations and Commitments section beginning on page 83. At March 31, 2008, we held $190 million of floating rate certificates issued by unconsolidated municipal bond trusts.

Assets of the other corporate conduits consisted primarily of high-grade, long-term municipal, corporate, and mortgage-backed securities which had a weighted average remaining life of approximately 6.9 years at March 31, 2008. Substantially all of the securities are rated AAA or AA and some of the bonds benefit from insurance provided by monolines. There were no material write-downs or downgrades of assets or insurers during the three months ended March 31, 2008. These conduits, which are QSPEs, obtain funding by issuing commercial paper to third party investors. At March 31, 2008, the weighted average maturity of the commercial paper was 19 days. We have entered into derivative contracts which provide interest rate, currency and a pre-specified amount of credit protection to the entities in exchange for the commercial paper rate. In addition, we may be obligated to purchase assets from the vehicles if the assets or insurers are downgraded. If an asset’s rating declines below a certain investment quality as evidenced by its credit rating or defaults, we are no longer exposed to the risk of loss. Due to the market disruptions during the second half of 2007 and into the first quarter of 2008, these conduits experienced difficulties in issuing commercial paper. On occasion, including early in the first quarter of

 

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2008, we held some of the issued commercial paper when marketing attempts were unsuccessful. However, as the first quarter progressed we were able to distribute more of the conduits’ commercial paper and at March 31, 2008, we held $169 million of commercial paper issued by the unconsolidated conduits. In the event that we are unable to remarket the conduits’ commercial paper such that it no longer qualifies as a QSPE, we would consolidate the conduit which may have an adverse impact on the fair value of the related derivative contracts.

We have no other contractual obligations to the unconsolidated bond trusts and conduits described above, nor do we intend to provide noncontractual or other forms of support.

Derivative activity related to these entities is included in Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on QSPEs, see Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information on our monoline exposure, see Industry Concentrations beginning on page 110.

Asset Acquisition Conduits

We administer two unconsolidated conduits which acquire assets on behalf of our customers. The return on the assets held in the conduits, which consist principally of liquid exchange-traded securities and some leveraged loans, is passed through to our customers through a series of derivative contracts. We consolidate a third conduit which holds subordinated debt securities for our benefit. These conduits obtain funding through the issuance of commercial paper and subordinated certificates to third party investors. Repayment of the commercial paper and certificates is assured by total return swap contracts between the Corporation and the conduits, and we are reimbursed through total return swap contracts with our customers.

Assets are placed into the unconsolidated asset acquisition conduits at the request of a customer who wishes to benefit from the economic returns of the specified asset on a leveraged basis. At the time the conduit acquires an asset, we enter into back-to-back total return swaps with the conduit and the customer such that the economic returns of the assets are passed through to the customer. Our performance under the derivatives is collateralized by the underlying assets. Derivative activity related to these entities is included in Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Despite the market disruptions in the second half of 2007 and first quarter of 2008, the conduits did not experience any material difficulties in issuing commercial paper. The Corporation did not hold a significant amount of commercial paper issued by the conduits at any time during the three months ended March 31, 2008. At March 31, 2008, the weighted average maturity of commercial paper issued by the conduits was 42 days.

We have no other contractual obligations to the conduits described above, nor do we intend to provide noncontractual or other forms of support.

Collateralized Debt Obligation Vehicles

We provided liquidity support to several CDOs and a CDO conduit totaling $6.2 billion and $12.3 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 consisting of $3.9 billion and $10.0 billion of written put options at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and $2.3 billion of other liquidity support for both periods.

The decrease of $6.1 billion in written put options was due primarily to the elimination of certain CDO liquidity commitments, including $3.2 billion related to a consolidated CDO, as we hold all of their commercial paper and no longer provide liquidity support to them. We are obligated under the written put options to provide funding to the CDOs by purchasing the commercial paper at predetermined contractual yields in the event of a severe disruption in the short-term funding market as evidenced by the inability of the CDOs to issue commercial paper at spreads below a predetermined rate. No third parties provide similar commitments to these CDOs. For additional information refer to the CDO exposure discussion beginning on page 67. See Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the written put options. These written put options are recorded as derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in trading account profits (losses). Derivative activity related to these entities is included in Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We also administer a CDO conduit that obtains funds by issuing commercial paper to third party investors. The conduit held $2.3 billion of assets at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 consisting of super senior tranches of debt securities issued by other CDOs. We provide liquidity support equal to the amount of assets in this conduit which obligates

 

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us to purchase the commercial paper at a predetermined contractual yield in the event of a severe disruption in the short-term funding market as evidenced by the inability of the conduit to issue commercial paper at spreads below a predetermined rate. In addition, we are obligated to purchase assets from the conduit or absorb market losses on the sale of assets in the event of a downgrade or decline in credit quality of the assets. Our $2.3 billion liquidity commitment to the conduit at March 31, 2008 is included in Table 9 in the Obligations and Commitments section below. We are the sole provider of liquidity to the CDO vehicle.

Prior to the second half of 2007, we believed that the likelihood of our experiencing an economic loss as the result of these liquidity obligations was remote. However, due to severe market disruptions during the second half of 2007 and through the first quarter of 2008, the CDOs holding the put options and the CDO conduit began to experience difficulties in issuing commercial paper. Shortly thereafter, a significant portion of the assets held in these CDOs were downgraded or threatened with downgrade by the rating agencies. As a result of these factors, we began to purchase commercial paper that could not be issued to third parties at less than the contractual yield specified in our liquidity obligations. In addition, in our role as conduit administrator, the Corporation removed certain assets from the CDO conduit in the fourth quarter of 2007 due to a decline in credit quality.

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we held commercial paper with a carrying value of $5.6 billion and $6.6 billion on the balance sheet that was issued by the unconsolidated CDOs and the CDO conduit. In addition, at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we also held AFS debt securities with a fair value of $3.8 billion and $2.8 billion and trading account assets with a fair value of $1.0 billion and $1.3 billion that were issued by CDOs to which we no longer provide liquidity support or that we acquired in connection with the removal of certain assets from the CDO conduit, as discussed above. For more information on our super senior CDO exposure and related writedowns see our CDO exposure discussion beginning on page 67.

Customer-Sponsored Conduits

We provide liquidity facilities to conduits that are sponsored by our customers and which provide them with direct access to the commercial paper market. We are typically one of several liquidity providers for a customer’s conduit. We do not provide SBLCs or other forms of credit enhancement to these conduits. Assets of these conduits consist primarily of auto loans, student loans and credit card receivables. The liquidity commitments benefit from structural protections which vary depending upon the program, but given these protections, the exposures are viewed to be of investment grade quality.

These commitments are included in Table 9 in the Obligations and Commitments section below. As we typically provide less than 20 percent of the total liquidity commitments to these conduits and do not provide other forms of support, we have concluded that we do not hold a significant variable interest in the conduits and they are not included in our discussion of VIEs in Note 9 – Variable Interest Entities to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

Obligations and Commitments

We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. Additionally, in the normal course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements whereby we commit to future purchases of products or services from unaffiliated parties. These obligations are more fully discussed in Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements and in Note 12 – Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt and Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Many of our lending relationships contain funded and unfunded elements. The funded portion is reflected on our balance sheet. For lending relationships carried at historical cost, the unfunded component of these commitments is not recorded on our balance sheet until a draw is made under the credit facility; however, a reserve is established for probable losses. For lending commitments for which we account for under SFAS 159, the fair value of the commitment is recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Corporation also manages certain concentrations of commitments (e.g., bridge financing) through its established “originate to distribute” strategy.

For more information on these commitments and guarantees, including equity commitments, see Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on SFAS 159, see Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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We enter into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments, SBLCs and commercial letters of credit to meet the financing needs of our customers. The following table summarizes the total unfunded, or off-balance sheet, credit extension commitment amounts by expiration date. At March 31, 2008, the unfunded lending commitments related to charge cards (nonrevolving card lines) to individuals and government entities guaranteed by the U.S. Government in the amount of $9.8 billion (related outstandings of $228 million) were not included in credit card line commitments in the table below.

 

  Table 9   
  Credit Extension Commitments     
     March 31, 2008
  (Dollars in millions)   

Expires in 1

year or less

  

Expires after 1

year through 3

years

  

Expires after 3

years through

5 years

  

Expires after

5 years

   Total

  Loan commitments

   $166,182    $93,978    $103,308    $28,770    $392,238  

  Home equity lines of credit

   8,337    1,814    2,921    107,225    120,297  

  Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees

   32,322    14,322    8,612    8,940    64,196  

  Commercial letters of credit

 

   3,103    170    31    1,268    4,572  

Legally binding commitments (1)

   209,944    110,284    114,872    146,203    581,303  

  Credit card lines

 

   883,710    18,261    -    -    901,971  

Total credit extension commitments

 

   $1,093,654    $128,545    $114,872    $146,203    $1,483,274  

 

 

(1)  

Includes commitments of $44.4 billion to corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits, $2.3 billion to CDOs, $5.8 billion to municipal bond trusts and $1.7 billion to customer-sponsored conduits at March 31, 2008.

 

 

Other Commitments

We provided support to cash funds managed within GWIM by purchasing certain assets at fair value and by committing to provide a limited amount of capital to the funds. For more information, see Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 

 

   Fair Values of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities

 

We fair value certain assets and liabilities that are classified as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy established in SFAS 157. These Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using significant unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. These Level 3 financial assets and liabilities, include private equity investments, retained residual interests in securitizations, residential MSRs, ABSs, highly structured or long-term derivative contracts and certain CDOs, for which there is not an active market for identical assets from which to determine fair value. Neither is there sufficient, current market information about similar assets to use as observable, corroborated data for all significant inputs into a valuation model. In those cases, the fair values of these Level 3 financial assets and liabilities are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, a net asset value approach for certain structured securities, or similar techniques, for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

Valuations of products using models or other techniques are sensitive to assumptions used for the significant inputs. Where market data is available, the inputs used for valuation reflect that information as of our valuation date. In periods of extreme volatility, lessened liquidity or in illiquid markets, there may be more variability in market pricing or a lack of market data to use in the valuation process. Judgment is then applied in formulating those inputs. Our valuation risk, however, is mitigated through the holding of valuation adjustments for particular inputs, performance of stress testing of those inputs to understand the impact that varying assumptions may have on the valuation and other review processes performed to ensure appropriate valuation.

For example, at March 31, 2008, classified within Level 3 are $2.5 billion of trading account assets, $1.4 billion of AFS debt securities, and $321 million of net derivative assets associated with our CDO exposures which were valued using

 

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certain techniques. For more information regarding our CDO exposure and related valuation techniques, see our CDO exposure discussion on page 67.

In addition, within AFS debt securities we also held $5.6 billion of commercial paper issued by CDO vehicles to which we provide liquidity support. Substantially all of this amount was classified as Level 3 at March 31, 2008. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we did not record losses on this commercial paper (carried at par due to its short-term nature) as losses associated with our liquidity support commitments are recorded as Level 3 derivative liabilities. Furthermore, we had no unrealized losses recorded in accumulated OCI related to our Level 3 CDO AFS debt securities at March 31, 2008. For further information on the types of assets underlying these exposures (e.g., percentage of subprime assets and vintages) see our CDO exposure discussion on page 67. At March 31, 2008, Level 3 AFS debt securities and trading account assets also included $2.4 billion of securities primarily backed by prime and residential reverse mortgages.

Consumer MSRs are also included in Level 3 assets and require significant management judgment and estimation. The fair value of consumer MSRs is determined using models which depend on estimates of prepayment rates, the resultant weighted average lives of the MSRs and the option adjusted spread (OAS) levels. For more information on Level 3 MSRs and their sensitivity to prepayment rates and OAS levels, see Note 21 – Mortgage Servicing Rights to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For additional information on our Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurements, including the valuation techniques utilized to determine their fair values, see Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The table below presents a reconciliation for all Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2008. Level 3 assets, before the impact of counterparty netting related to our derivative positions, were $39.7 billion as of March 31, 2008 and represented approximately eight percent of assets measured at fair value (or two percent of total assets). Level 3 liabilities, before the impact of counterparty netting related to our derivative positions, were $11.4 billion as of March 31, 2008 and represented approximately 11 percent of the liabilities measured at fair value (or less than one percent of total liabilities). See page 31 of Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures for a table that presents the fair value of Level 1, 2 and 3 assets and liabilities at March 31, 2008.

 

  Table 10   
  Level 3 Rollforward     
     Total Fair Value Measurements
     Three Months Ended March 31, 2008

  Level 3 Instruments

  Only

  (Dollars in millions)

  

Net

Derivatives (1)

  

Trading

Account

Assets

  

Available-for-

Sale Debt

Securities

  

Loans and

Leases (2)

  

Mortgage

Servicing

Rights

   Other
Assets (3)
  

Accrued Expenses

and Other

Liabilities (2)

  Balance, January 1, 2008

   $(1,203)    $4,027    $5,507    $4,590    $3,053    $5,321    $(660)  

Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):

                    

Included in earnings

   490    (560)    (489)    (125)    (47)    423    (243)  

Included in other comprehensive income

   -    -    (582)    -    -    -    -  

Purchases, issuances, and settlements

   524    (568)    1,252    592    157    (124)    -  

Transfers in to/out of Level 3

   505    2,623    3,970    -    -    (124)    -  

Balance, March 31, 2008

   $316    $5,522    $9,658    $5,057    $3,163    $5,496    $(903)  

 

 

(1)  

Net derivatives at March 31, 2008 included derivative assets of $10.83 billion and derivative liabilities of $10.52 billion.

 

(2)  

Amounts represented items which are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 including commercial loan commitments recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

 

(3)  

Other assets included equity investments held by Principal Investing and certain retained interests in securitization vehicles, including interest-only strips. Certain portfolios of LHFS, principally reverse mortgages, are also accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159.

 

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During the three months ended March 31, 2008, valuations of certain CDO securities and related written put options continue to decline in response to market concerns. Additionally, liquidity issues in the ARS sector have impacted the value of such securities. It is possible that the economic value of these securities could be different as the cash flows from the underlying assets may ultimately be higher or lower than the assumptions used in current valuation models. With the exception of ARS backed by student loans discussed below, there have been no significant changes to the valuation methodologies used to value Level 3 assets and liabilities during the period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we recognized net realized and unrealized losses of $551 million on Level 3 assets and liabilities which were primarily related to losses on our CDO-related exposures and ARS. We also recorded unrealized losses of $582 million (pre-tax) through OCI during the three months then ended, predominantly as a result of widening credit spreads on residential mortgage backed securities. Level 3 financial instruments may be economically hedged with derivatives not classified as Level 3; therefore, gains or losses associated with Level 3 financial instruments may be offset by gains or losses associated with financial instruments classified in other levels of the fair value hierarchy. The net losses recorded in earnings and OCI did not have a significant impact on our liquidity or capital resources.

During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we had net purchases of $1.3 billion of Level 3 AFS debt securities which included predominantly SIV investments from the Columbia mutual funds which we purchased for $994 million. Losses of $93 million on these investments were recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2008 due to the difference between amortized cost and fair value upon purchase, and are included in the table above. During the three months ended March 31, 2008 we also had net paydowns of $568 million in trading account assets that related primarily to commercial paper backed by SIVs. In addition, loans and leases had net originations of $592 million. This included $1.4 billion of newly originated and funded commercial loans that are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159, partially offset by paydowns of $854 million.

Transfers into or out of Level 3 were made if the inputs used in the financial models measuring the fair values of the assets and liabilities became unobservable or observable respectively, in the current marketplace. These transfers are effective as of the beginning of the quarter, therefore any gains or losses occurring on these assets and liabilities are included in the table above.

During the three months ended March 31, 2008, there were two significant transfers into Level 3. The first transfer includes $4.4 billion of commercial paper transferred due to a lack of liquidity in the market. The commercial paper was issued by CDO vehicles to which we provide liquidity support as described above. The second transfer relates to ARS held as trading account assets of $2.0 billion. Of these, $1.5 billion were ARS backed by student loans, and prices for these assets became unobservable in the marketplace due to a lack of liquidity in the first quarter of 2008. An unrealized loss of $216 million was recognized in earnings due to a decline in market value of the ARS during the three months ended March 31, 2008. In light of the illiquidity in the student loan ARS sector, we implemented a change to our valuation approach for these instruments, basing the valuation on assumptions about the weighted average life of the security, estimated future coupons to be paid and spreads observed in pricing of similar instruments. For more information on CDO-related exposure and ARS see the CMAS discussion beginning on page 65.

 

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   Managing Risk

Our management governance structure enables us to manage all major aspects of our business through an integrated planning and review process that includes strategic, financial, associate, customer and risk planning. We derive much of our revenue from managing risk from customer transactions for profit. In addition to qualitative factors, we utilize quantitative measures to optimize risk and reward trade offs in order to achieve growth targets and financial objectives while reducing the variability of earnings and minimizing unexpected losses. Risk metrics that allow us to measure performance include economic capital targets and corporate risk limits. By allocating economic capital to a line of business, we effectively manage the ability to take on risk. Review and approval of business plans incorporate approval of economic capital allocation, and economic capital usage is monitored through financial and risk reporting. Industry, country, trading, asset allocation and other limits supplement the allocation of economic capital. These limits are based on an analysis of risk and reward in each line of business and management is responsible for tracking and reporting performance measurements as well as any exceptions to guidelines or limits. Our risk management process continually evaluates risk and appropriate metrics needed to measure it. Our business exposes us to the following major risks: strategic, liquidity, credit, market and operational risk. For a more detailed discussion of our risk management activities, see pages 40 through 68 of the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

   Strategic Risk Management

Strategic risk is the risk that adverse business decisions, ineffective or inappropriate business plans, or failure to respond to changes in the competitive environment, business cycles, customer preferences, product obsolescence, execution and/or other intrinsic risks of business will impact our ability to meet our objectives. We use an integrated planning process to help manage strategic risk. A key component of the planning process aligns strategies, goals, tactics and resources throughout the enterprise. The process begins with the creation of a corporate-wide business plan which incorporates an assessment of the strategic risks. This business plan establishes the corporate strategic direction. The planning process then cascades through the lines of business, creating business line plans that are aligned with the Corporation’s strategic direction. At each level, tactics and metrics are identified to measure success in achieving goals and assure adherence to the plans. As part of this process, the lines of business continuously evaluate the impact of changing market and business conditions, and the overall risk in meeting objectives. See the Operational Risk Management section beginning on page 128 for a further description of this process. Corporate Audit in turn monitors, and independently reviews and evaluates, the plans and measurement processes.

One of the key tools we use to manage strategic risk is economic capital allocation. Through the economic capital allocation process, we effectively manage each line of business’s ability to take on risk. Review and approval of business plans incorporate approval of economic capital allocation, and economic capital usage is monitored through financial and risk reporting. Economic capital allocation plans for the lines of business are incorporated into the Corporation’s operating plan that is approved by the Board on an annual basis.

 

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Liquidity Risk and Capital Management

 

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity is the ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, fund asset growth and business operations, and meet contractual obligations through unconstrained access to funding at reasonable market rates. Liquidity management involves forecasting funding requirements and maintaining sufficient capacity to meet the needs and accommodate fluctuations in asset and liability levels due to changes in our business operations or unanticipated events. A more detailed discussion of our liquidity risk is included beginning on page 41 of the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our borrowing costs and ability to raise funds are directly impacted by our credit ratings. The credit ratings of Bank of America Corporation and Bank of America, N.A. as of May 8, 2008 are reflected in the table below.

 

  Table 11                 
  Credit Ratings
   Bank of America Corporation      Bank of America, N.A.
   Senior    Subordinated    Commercial      Short-term
Borrowings
   Long-term

Debt

     Debt    Debt    Paper          

  Moody’s Investors Service

   Aa2    Aa3    P-1      P-1    Aaa

  Standard & Poor’s

   AA    AA-    A-1+      A-1+    AA+

  Fitch Ratings

   AA    AA-    F1+        F1+    AA

The parent company maintains a cushion of excess liquidity that would be sufficient to fully fund the holding company and nonbank affiliate operations for an extended period during which funding from normal sources is disrupted. The primary measure used to assess the parent company’s liquidity is the “Time to Required Funding” during such a period of liquidity disruption. This measure assumes that the parent company is unable to generate funds from debt or equity issuance, receives no dividend income from subsidiaries, and no longer pays dividends to shareholders while continuing to meet nondiscretionary uses needed to maintain bank operations and repayment of contractual principal and interest payments owed by the parent company and affiliated companies. Under this scenario, the amount of time the parent company and its nonbank subsidiaries can operate and meet all obligations before the current liquid assets are exhausted is considered the “Time to Required Funding.” ALCO approves the target range set for this metric, in months, and monitors adherence to the target. Maintaining excess parent company cash helps to facilitate the target range of 21 to 27 months for “Time to Required Funding” and is the primary driver of the timing and amount of the Corporation’s debt issuances. As of March 31, 2008, “Time to Required Funding” was 20 months compared to 19 months at December 31, 2007. Our “Time to Required Funding” remained below our target range at March 31, 2008 primarily due to the funding of LaSalle and the impact of the market disruptions that began in the second half of 2007 on our earnings.

One ratio that can be used to monitor the stability of funding composition is the “loan to domestic deposit” ratio. This ratio reflects the percent of loans and leases that are funded by domestic core deposits, a relatively stable funding source. A ratio below 100 percent indicates that our loan portfolio is completely funded by domestic core deposits. The ratio was 125 percent at March 31, 2008 compared to 127 percent at December 31, 2007.

The financial market disruptions that began in 2007 continued to impact the economy and financial services sector during the three months ended March 31, 2008. While market conditions have been challenging, we have taken direct actions to enhance our liquidity position during this period including the issuance of $12.9 billion of preferred stock by the parent company and $6.0 billion of extendible bank notes by Bank of America, N.A. Furthermore, in the first half of the second quarter of 2008, we issued an additional $4.0 billion of preferred stock and $6.0 billion of senior notes by the parent company and $4.0 billion of senior bank notes by Bank of America, N.A. It remains unclear when the current market conditions will subside, however, the conservative management of our liquidity position enables us to meet our liquidity requirements and manage within our usual parameters.

 

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Regulatory Capital

As a regulated financial services company, we are governed by certain regulatory capital requirements. To meet minimum, adequately-capitalized regulatory requirements, an institution must maintain a Tier 1 Capital ratio of four percent and a Total Capital ratio of eight percent. A well-capitalized institution must generally maintain capital ratios 200 bps higher than the minimum guidelines. The risk-based capital rules have been further supplemented by a leverage ratio, defined as Tier 1 Capital divided by adjusted quarterly average total assets, after certain adjustments. “Well-capitalized” bank holding companies must have a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of three percent and are not subject to an FRB directive to maintain higher capital levels. National banks must maintain a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least five percent to be classified as “well-capitalized.”

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Corporation, Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., and LaSalle Bank, N.A., were classified as “well-capitalized” for regulatory purposes, the highest classification. There have been no conditions or events since March 31, 2008 that have changed the Corporation’s, Bank of America, N.A.’s, FIA Card Services, N.A.’s, and LaSalle Bank, N.A.’s capital classifications.

Presented in Table 12 are the regulatory capital ratios, actual capital amounts and minimum required capital amounts for the Corporation, Bank of America, N.A., FIA Card Services, N.A., and LaSalle Bank, N.A. at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

  Table 12
  Regulatory Capital
   March 31, 2008       December 31, 2007
     Actual   

Minimum

Required (1)

         Actual   

Minimum    

Required (1)    

  (Dollars in millions)    Ratio          Amount          Ratio          Amount   
  Risk-based capital                           
  Tier 1                           

  Bank of America Corporation

   7.51    %    $93,910    $50,052       6.87    %    $83,372    $48,516  

  Bank of America, N.A.

   7.94       75,953    38,263       8.23       75,395    36,661  

  FIA Card Services, N.A.

   14.34       21,530    6,003       14.29       21,625    6,053  

  LaSalle Bank, N.A.

   10.20       6,654    2,611       9.91       6,838    2,759  
  Total                           

  Bank of America Corporation

   11.71       146,547    100,104       11.02       133,720    97,032  

  Bank of America, N.A.

   10.87       103,957    76,527       11.01       100,891    73,322  

  FIA Card Services, N.A.

   16.84       25,279    12,006       16.82       25,453    12,105  

  LaSalle Bank, N.A.

   11.42       7,453    5,221       11.02       7,605    5,518  
  Tier 1 Leverage                           

  Bank of America Corporation

   5.61       93,910    50,236       5.04       83,372    49,595  

  Bank of America, N.A.

   5.86       75,953    38,881       5.94       75,395    38,092  

  FIA Card Services, N.A.

   15.60       21,530    4,098       16.37       21,625    3,963  

  LaSalle Bank, N.A.

   10.16         6,654    1,966         9.21         6,838    2,226  

 

(1)

Dollar amount required to meet guidelines for adequately capitalized institutions.

 

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Table 13 reconciles the Corporation’s total shareholders’ equity to Tier 1 and Total Capital as defined by the regulations issued by the FRB, the FDIC, and the OCC at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

Table 13

 

     

Reconciliation of Tier 1 and Total Capital

  

  (Dollars in millions)

   March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

  Tier 1 Capital

     

  Total shareholders’ equity

   $156,309    $146,803  

  Goodwill

   (77,872)    (77,530)  

  Nonqualifying intangible assets (1)

   (4,920)    (5,239)  

  Effect of net unrealized (gains) losses on AFS debt and marketable equity securities and net (gains) losses on derivatives recorded in accumulated OCI, net-of-tax

   (83)    (2,149)  

  Unamortized net periodic benefit costs recorded in accumulated OCI, net-of-tax

   1,283    1,301  

  Trust securities

   16,863    16,863  

  Other

   2,330    3,323  

  Total Tier 1 Capital

   93,910    83,372  

  Long-term debt qualifying as Tier 2 Capital

   31,967    31,771  

  Allowance for loan and lease losses

   14,891    11,588  

  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments

   507    518  

  Other (2)

   5,272    6,471  

  Total Capital

   $146,547    $133,720  

    (1)

Nonqualifying intangible assets of the Corporation are comprised of core deposit intangibles, affinity relationships and other intangibles.

    (2)

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, includes 45 percent of the pre-tax fair value adjustment of $5.2 billion and $6.0 billion related to the Corporation’s stock investment in CCB.

 

Dividends

In April 2008, the Board declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on common stock of $0.64 per share payable on June 27, 2008 to shareholders of record on June 6, 2008.

In January 2008, the Board declared a first quarter cash dividend of $0.64 per common share which was paid on March 28, 2008 to shareholders of record on March 7, 2008.

In April 2008, we declared five dividends in regards to preferred stock. The first was a $1.75 regular quarterly cash dividend on the 7 percent Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series B, payable on July 25, 2008 to shareholders of record on July 9, 2008. The second was a $0.38775 regular quarterly cash dividend per depositary share on the 6.204% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D, payable on June 16, 2008 to shareholders of record on May 30, 2008. The third was a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.25000 per depositary share on the Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E, payable on May 15, 2008 to shareholders of record on April 30, 2008. The fourth was a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.41406 per depositary share on the 6.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I, payable on July 1, 2008 to shareholders of record on June 15, 2008. The fifth was a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.45312 per depositary share on the 7.25% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J, payable on May 1, 2008 to shareholders of record on April 15, 2008. In March 2008, we declared an $18.3264 quarterly cash dividend on the 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L, which was paid on April 30, 2008 to shareholders of record on April 1, 2008.

In January 2008, we declared five dividends in regards to preferred stock. The first was a $1.75 regular quarterly cash dividend on the 7 percent Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series B, which was paid on April 25, 2008 to shareholders of record on April 11, 2008. The second was a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.38775 per depositary share on the 6.204% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series D, which was paid on March 14, 2008 to shareholders of record on February 29, 2008. The third was a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.33342 per depositary share on the

 

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Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E, which was paid on February 15, 2008 to shareholders of record on January 31, 2008. The fourth was a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.41406 per depositary share on the 6.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series I, which was paid on April 1, 2008 to shareholders of record on March 15, 2008. The fifth was the initial cash dividend of $0.35750 per depositary share on the 7.25% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series J, which was paid on February 1, 2008 to shareholders of record on January 15, 2008.

The payment of semiannual dividends on certain series of our non-cumulative preferred stock, subject to future declaration, will result in a decrease in our net income available to common shareholders and earnings per common share in only the quarters in which they are declared.

 

Common Share Repurchases

We may repurchase shares, from time to time, in the open market or in private transactions through our approved repurchase programs. We did not repurchase any shares of the Corporation’s common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2008, and we expect to remain share neutral in subsequent periods until we return to our 8 percent Tier 1 Capital ratio target. We issued 14.9 million shares primarily related to restricted stock activity during the three months ended March 31, 2008.

In January 2007, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 200 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock at an aggregate cost not to exceed $14.0 billion, of which the lesser of approximately $13.5 billion, or 189.4 million shares, remain available for repurchase under the program at March 31, 2008. The stock repurchase program will expire in the third quarter of 2008.

 

Preferred Stock

In April 2008, we issued 160 thousand shares of Series M Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.01 per share for $4.0 billion. The fixed rate is 8.125 percent through May 14, 2018 and then adjusts to three-month LIBOR plus 364 bps thereafter.

In January 2008, we issued 240 thousand shares of Bank of America Corporation Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series K with a par value of $0.01 per share for $6.0 billion. The fixed rate is 8.00 percent through January 29, 2018 and then adjusts to three-month LIBOR plus 363 bps thereafter. In addition, we issued 6.9 million shares of Bank of America Corporation 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L with a par value of $0.01 per share for $6.9 billion.

For additional information on the issuance of preferred stock, see Note 12 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Credit Risk Management

Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability of a borrower or counterparty to meet its obligations. Credit risk can also arise from operational failures that result in an erroneous advance, commitment or investment of funds. We define the credit exposure to a borrower or counterparty as the loss potential arising from all product classifications including loans and leases, deposit overdrafts, derivatives, assets held-for-sale and unfunded lending commitments that include loan commitments, letters of credit and financial guarantees. Derivative positions and assets held-for-sale are recorded at fair value, or the lower of cost or fair value. Certain loans and unfunded commitments are accounted for at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159. Credit risk for these categories of assets is not accounted for as part of the allowance for credit losses but as part of the fair value adjustment recorded in earnings in the period incurred. For derivative positions, our credit risk is measured as the net replacement cost in the event the counterparties with contracts in a gain position to us fail to perform under the terms of those contracts. We use the current mark-to-market value to represent credit exposure without giving consideration to future mark-to-market changes. The credit risk amounts take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral. Our consumer and commercial credit extension and review procedures take into account funded and unfunded credit exposures. For additional information on derivatives and credit extension commitments, see Note 4 – Derivatives and Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

For credit risk purposes, we evaluate our consumer businesses on both a held and managed basis. Managed basis assumes that loans that have been securitized were not sold and presents earnings on these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold (i.e., held loans) are presented. We evaluate credit performance on a managed basis as the receivables that have been securitized are subject to the same underwriting standards and ongoing monitoring as held loans. In addition to the discussion of credit quality statistics of both held and managed loans included in this section, refer to the Card Services discussion beginning on page 59. For additional information on our managed portfolio and securitizations, see Note 8 – Securitizations to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We manage credit risk based on the risk profile of the borrower or counterparty, repayment sources, the nature of underlying collateral, and other support given current events, conditions and expectations. We classify our portfolios as either consumer or commercial and monitor credit risk in each as discussed below.

The financial market conditions that existed in the second half of 2007 have continued to affect the economy and the financial services sector in 2008. It remains unclear what impact the housing downturn, declines in real estate values and the overall economic slowdown will ultimately have and how long these conditions will exist. We expect that certain industry sectors, in particular those that are dependent on the housing sector and discretionary consumer spending, and certain geographic regions will experience further stress. Continued deterioration of the housing market, including recessionary conditions, will negatively impact the credit quality of our consumer portfolio as well as the credit quality of the consumer dependent sectors of our commercial portfolio and may result in a higher provision for credit losses in future periods.

As part of our credit risk management culture, we continue to refine our credit standards to meet the changing economic environment. We have adjusted our underwriting criteria, as well as enhanced our line management and collection strategies across the consumer businesses in an attempt to mitigate losses. In response to the significant deterioration in the home equity portfolio we have implemented initiatives including underwriting changes on newly originated home equity loans which increased the minimum FICO score and reduced the maximum combined loan-to-value (CLTV) to 85 percent. Additional CLTV reductions were implemented for higher risk geographies. In addition, we have reduced unfunded lines on deteriorating accounts with declining equity positions where allowed. Further, we are increasing our customer assistance and collections infrastructure and expanding the use of current loss mitigation options including an enhanced set of workout solutions.

In an attempt to mitigate losses in the commercial businesses, we have increased the frequency of portfolio monitoring, hedging activity and our efforts in managing the exposure when we begin to see signs of deterioration. A number of initiatives have also been implemented in our small business commercial – domestic portfolio including changes to underwriting thresholds, augmented by granular decisioning by experienced underwriters including increasing minimum FICO scores and lowering initial line assignments. We have also decreased credit lines on higher risk customers in higher risk states and industries.

 

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In addition to the above, we have instituted a number of other initiatives related to the various credit portfolios in an attempt to mitigate losses. However, we can not determine how effective any of the aforementioned (including the above) initiatives will be as they are dependent upon a variety of factors including the duration and severity of the housing downturn, uncertainty in energy costs and the overall economic environment.

 

Consumer Portfolio Credit Risk Management

Credit risk management for the consumer portfolio begins with initial underwriting and continues throughout a borrower’s credit cycle. Statistical techniques in conjunction with experiential judgment are used in all aspects of portfolio management including underwriting, product pricing, risk appetite, setting credit limits, operating processes and metrics to quantify and balance risks and returns. Statistical models are built using detailed behavioral information from external sources such as credit bureaus and/or internal historical experience. These models are a critical component of our consumer credit risk management process and are used in the determination of both new and existing credit decisions, portfolio management strategies including authorizations and line management, collection practices and strategies, determination of the allowance for credit losses, and economic capital allocations for credit risk.

For information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status and charge-offs for the consumer portfolio, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Management of Consumer Credit Risk Concentrations

Consumer credit risk is evaluated and managed with a goal that credit concentrations do not result in undesirable levels of risk. We review, measure and manage credit exposure in numerous ways such as by product and geography in order to achieve the desired mix. Additionally, to enhance our overall risk management strategy credit protection is purchased on certain portions of our portfolio.

 

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Consumer Credit Portfolio

Table 14 presents our held and managed consumer loans and leases, and related credit quality information. Overall, consumer credit quality indicators continued to deteriorate during the three months ended March 31, 2008. Continued weakness in the housing markets, the slowing economy and seasoning of recent vintages in certain higher growth portfolios, resulted in rising credit risk, most notably in home equity.

 

  Table 14

  Consumer Loans and Leases

    
    Outstandings    Nonperforming (1, 2)   

Accruing Past Due 90

Days or More (3)

       

Net Charge-offs /

losses (4)

  

Net Charge-off /

Loss Ratios (5)

     
  March 31    December 31    March 31    December 31    March 31    December 31       Three Months

Ended March 31

   Three Months

Ended March 31

    

  (Dollars in millions)

  2008    2007    2008    2007    2008    2007       2008    2007    2008         2007     

  Held basis

                                     

  Residential mortgage

  $266,145    $274,949    $2,576    $1,999    $248    $237         $66    $6      0.10    %    0.01    %  

  Credit card – domestic

  60,393    65,774    n/a    n/a    1,786    1,855         847    806      5.39       5.66   

  Credit card – foreign

  15,518    14,950    n/a    n/a    269    272         109    88      2.87       3.22   

  Home equity

  118,381    114,820    1,786    1,340    -    -         496    17      1.71       0.08   

  Direct/Indirect consumer (6)

  80,446    76,858    6    8    861    745         555    279      2.83       1.77   

  Other consumer (7)

  3,746    3,850    91    95    3    4         86    48      9.15       3.95   

  Total held

  544,629    551,201    4,459    3,442    3,167    3,113         2,159    1,244      1.58       1.06   

  Securitization impact

  112,791    108,646    2    2    3,142    2,764         1,425    1,144      5.18       4.23   

  Total consumer loans and leases – managed

  $657,420    $659,847    $4,461    $3,444    $6,309    $5,877           $3,584    $2,388      2.19         1.66     

  Managed basis

                                     

  Residential mortgage

  $269,725    $278,733    $2,576    $1,999    $248    $237         $66    $6      0.10    %    0.01    %  

  Credit card – domestic

  151,441    151,862    n/a    n/a    4,446    4,170         2,068    1,651      5.48       4.80   

  Credit card – foreign

  32,317    31,829    n/a    n/a    746    714         304    302      3.84       4.37   

  Home equity

  118,505    114,995    1,788    1,342    -    -         496    17      1.71       0.08   

  Direct/Indirect consumer (6)

  81,686    78,578    6    8    866    752         564    364      2.82       2.11   

  Other consumer (7)

  3,746    3,850    91    95    3    4         86    48      9.15       3.95   

  Total consumer loans and leases – managed

  $657,420    $659,847    $4,461    $3,444    $6,309    $5,877           $3,584    $2,388      2.19         1.66     

 

  (1)

The definition of nonperforming does not include consumer credit card and consumer non-real estate loans and leases. These loans are charged-off no later than the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due.

  (2)

Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases were 0.82 percent and 0.62 percent on a held basis, and 0.68 percent and 0.52 percent on a managed basis at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

  (3)

Accruing consumer loans and leases past due 90 days or more as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases were 0.58 percent and 0.57 percent on a held basis, and 0.96 percent and 0.89 percent on a managed basis at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

  (4)

Includes a reduction in net charge-offs on residential mortgage of $2 million and home equity of $3 million as a result of the impact of SOP 03-3 for the three months ended March 31, 2008.

  (5)

Net charge-off/loss ratios are calculated as annualized held net charge-offs or managed net losses divided by average outstanding held or managed loans and leases during the period for each loan and lease category.

  (6)

Outstandings include foreign consumer loans of $3.2 billion and $3.4 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

  (7)

Outstandings include consumer finance loans of $2.9 billion and $3.0 billion and other foreign consumer loans of $841 million and $829 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

  n/a = not applicable

Residential Mortgage

The residential mortgage portfolio makes up the largest percentage of our consumer loan portfolio at 49 percent of held consumer loans and leases and 41 percent of managed consumer loans and leases at March 31, 2008. Approximately 25 percent of the managed residential portfolio is in GCSBB and GWIM and represents residential mortgages that are originated for the home purchase and refinancing needs of our customers. The remaining portion of the managed portfolio is mostly in All Other, and is comprised of purchased and originated residential mortgage loans used in our overall ALM activities.

 

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On a held basis, outstanding loans and leases decreased $8.8 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 as new loan originations were more than offset by sales and the conversion of loans into mortgage-backed securities that were retained by us. Nonperforming balances increased $577 million due to portfolio seasoning reflective of growth in the business and the impact of the weak housing market. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest of $248 million and $237 million were related to repurchases pursuant to our servicing agreements with Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) mortgage pools where repayments are insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs.

We mitigate a portion of our credit risk through synthetic securitizations which are cash collateralized and will reimburse us in the event that losses exceed 10 bps of the original pool balance. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, $133.5 billion and $140.0 billion of mortgage loans were protected by these agreements. In addition, we have entered into credit protection agreements with government-sponsored agencies on $27.2 billion and $33.0 billion as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, providing full protection on conforming residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. Our regulatory risk-weighted assets were reduced as a result of these transactions because we transferred a portion of our credit risk to unaffiliated parties. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, these transactions had the cumulative effect of reducing our risk-weighted assets by $46.6 billion and $49.0 billion, and resulted in an increase of 28 bps and 27 bps in our Tier 1 Capital ratio at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

Residential mortgage loans to borrowers in the state of California represented 33 percent and 32 percent of total residential mortgage managed loans at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. The Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) within California represented 11 percent of the total residential mortgage portfolio at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. In addition, residential mortgage loans to borrowers in the state of Florida represented six percent of the total residential mortgage portfolio at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Total credit risk on three percent and 13 percent of our mortgage loans in California and Florida has been mitigated through the purchase of protection from government sponsored entities. Additionally, 63 percent and 41 percent of loans in California and Florida are in reference pools of synthetic securities, as described above, which provide mezzanine protection. See Geographic Concentrations beginning on page 99 for more information on our significant state concentrations.

Due to current market conditions, members of the mortgage servicing industry are evaluating a number of programs for identifying subprime residential mortgage loan borrowers who are at risk of default and offering loss mitigation strategies, including repayment plans and loan modifications, to such borrowers. Generally these programs require that the borrower and subprime residential mortgage loan meet certain criteria in order to qualify for a modification. The SEC’s Office of the Chief Accountant (OCA) had noted that if certain loan modification requirements are met, the OCA will not object to continued status of the transferee as a QSPE under SFAS 140. We do not currently originate or service significant subprime residential mortgage loans, nor do we hold a significant amount of beneficial interests in QSPE securitizations of subprime residential mortgage loans. We do not expect that the implementation of these programs will have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Credit Card – Domestic

The consumer domestic credit card portfolio is managed in Card Services. Outstandings in the held domestic credit card loan portfolio decreased $5.4 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 due to an increase in securitized levels. Held domestic loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest decreased $69 million.

Net charge-offs for the held domestic portfolio increased $41 million to $847 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, or 5.39 percent of total average held credit card – domestic loans compared to 5.66 percent for the same period in 2007. Net charge-offs increased primarily due to seasoning of recent vintages, the impacts of a slowing economy particularly in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant home price declines, and higher bankruptcies. This increase was partially offset by the addition of higher loss profile accounts to the securitization trust which also drove the decrease in the net charge-off rate.

Managed domestic credit card outstandings remained relatively flat at $151.4 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007. Managed net losses increased $417 million to $2.1 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008, or 5.48 percent of total average managed domestic loans compared to 4.80 percent for the same period in 2007. The increase was due to the seasoning of recent vintages, the impacts of a slowing economy and higher bankruptcies.

 

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Credit Card – Foreign

The consumer foreign credit card portfolio is managed in Card Services. Outstandings in the held foreign credit card loan portfolio increased $568 million to $15.5 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 primarily due to organic growth. Net charge-offs for the held foreign portfolio increased $21 million to $109 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, or 2.87 percent of total average held credit card – foreign loans compared to 3.22 percent for the same period in 2007. The increase in held net charge-offs was driven by a lower level of securitizations in 2008 and loan growth. The decrease in the net charge-off rate was due to lower insolvency rates in the European portfolio as well as a higher recovery rate.

Managed foreign credit card outstandings increased $488 million to $32.3 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 due to organic growth. Net losses for the managed foreign portfolio remained relatively flat at $304 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, or 3.84 percent of total average managed credit card – foreign loans compared to 4.37 percent for the same period in 2007. The decline in the managed loss rate was due to the lower insolvency rates in the European portfolio as well as a higher recovery rate.

Home Equity

At March 31, 2008, approximately 74 percent of the managed home equity portfolio was included in GCSBB, while the remainder of the portfolio was mostly in GWIM. This portfolio consists of both revolving and non-revolving first and second lien residential mortgage loans and lines of credit of which we are in a first lien position on approximately 17 percent of the portfolio and for those that we are not we are behind a Bank of America first mortgage on approximately 25 percent of the portfolio. On a held basis, outstanding home equity loans increased $3.6 billion, or three percent, at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007, primarily due to organic growth.

Nonperforming home equity loans increased $446 million compared to December 31, 2007 and net charge-offs increased $479 million to $496 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, or 1.71 percent of total average held home equity loans compared to 0.08 percent for the same period in 2007. These increases were driven by the continued weakness in the housing markets, the slowing economy and seasoning of recent vintages originated in periods of higher growth. Additionally, these increases were driven by high CLTV loans in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant declines in home prices. These declines coupled with the fact that most home equity loans are secured by second lien positions significantly reduced and in some cases resulted in no collateral value after consideration of first lien positions. This drove more severe charge-offs as borrowers defaulted.

Home equity loans with greater than 90 percent refreshed CLTV comprised 26 percent of the home equity portfolio and represented 54 percent of the home equity nonperforming loans at March 31, 2008. These loans also represented 82 percent of net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2008. In addition, $33.5 billion, or 28 percent of our home equity portfolio was comprised of 2006 vintages which continue to season and have a higher refreshed CLTV. These 2006 vintage loans accounted for approximately $300 million or 60 percent in net charge offs for the three months ended March 31, 2008. Our 2007 vintages while not yet seasoned are beginning to show similar asset quality characteristics as the 2006 vintages and will continue to be monitored. Furthermore, deterioration was driven by loans that were not originated through the franchise. These loans represent only three percent of the portfolio but accounted for 20 percent of net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2008. We discontinued the program of purchasing non-franchise originated loans in the second quarter of 2007.

Our home equity loan portfolio in the states of California and Florida represented in aggregate 40 percent and 39 percent of outstanding home equity loans at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. These states accounted for $933 million, or 52 percent, of nonperforming home equity loans at March 31, 2008. In addition, these states represented $308 million, or 62 percent, of the home equity net losses for the three months ended March 31, 2008. In the New York area, the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island MSA made up 11 percent of outstanding home equity loans at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 but comprised only $24 million and $11 million of net losses. See Geographical Concentrations beginning on page 99 for more information on our significant state concentrations.

 

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Direct/Indirect Consumer

At March 31, 2008, approximately 47 percent of the managed direct/indirect portfolio was included in Business Lending (automotive, marine, motorcycle and recreational vehicle loans), 45 percent was included in GCSBB (unsecured personal loans, student and other non-real estate secured) and the remainder was included in GWIM (other non-real estate secured and unsecured personal loans).

On a held basis, outstanding loans and leases increased $3.6 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 due to growth in the Card Services unsecured lending product. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest increased $116 million due primarily to portfolio seasoning reflective of growth in the unsecured lending product. Net charge-offs increased $276 million to $555 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, or 2.83 percent of total average held direct/indirect loans compared to 1.77 percent for the same period in 2007. The increase was concentrated in the Card Services unsecured lending portfolio, driven by growth, seasoning and recent portfolio deterioration reflecting the effects of a slowing economy. Additionally, the Corporation discontinued new sales of receivables into the unsecured lending trust. To a lesser extent, deterioration, growth and seasoning in the retail automotive and other dealer-related portfolios also contributed to the increase.

Managed direct/indirect loans outstanding increased $3.1 billion to $81.7 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007, driven by growth in the Card Services unsecured lending product. Net losses for the managed loan portfolio increased $200 million to $564 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, or 2.82 percent of total average managed direct/indirect loans compared to 2.11 percent for the same period in 2007. The increase was primarily driven by growth, seasoning and recent portfolio deterioration in the Card Services unsecured lending portfolio, and to a lesser extent, deterioration, growth and seasoning in the retail automotive and other dealer-related portfolios.

Other Consumer

At March 31, 2008, approximately 78 percent of the other consumer portfolio was associated with portfolios from certain consumer finance businesses that we have previously exited and is included in All Other. The remainder consisted of the foreign consumer loan portfolio which is mostly included in Card Services. Other consumer outstanding loans and leases decreased $104 million, or three percent, at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007. The Corporation classifies deposit overdraft charge-offs as other consumer. Net charge-offs increased $38 million, or 79 percent, from the same period a year ago driven by deposit overdraft net charge-offs reflecting growth and higher per account overdraft levels.

 

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Nonperforming Consumer Assets Activity

Table 15 presents nonperforming consumer assets activity during the most recent five quarters. Total net additions to nonperforming loans and leases in the first quarter of 2008 were $1.0 billion compared to $1.4 billion in the fourth quarter of 2007. In both periods, these net additions were driven by the home equity and residential mortgage portfolios reflective of the weakening housing market as well as seasoning of portfolio growth and to a lesser extent the Community Reinvestment Act portfolio, which represented approximately eight percent of the residential mortgage portfolio at March 31, 2008. These factors also drove the increase in foreclosed properties of $126 million.

 

Table 15
Nonperforming Consumer Assets Activity (1)

   (Dollars in millions)

   First
Quarter
2008
    Fourth
Quarter
2007
     Third
Quarter
2007
     Second
Quarter
2007
     First
Quarter    
2007

Nonperforming loans and leases

             

Balance, beginning of period

   $3,442     $2,040      $1,460      $1,230      $1,030      

Additions to nonperforming loans and leases:

             

LaSalle balance, October 1, 2007

   -     232      -      -      -      

New nonaccrual loans and leases

   2,088     1,691      998      625      515      

Reductions in nonperforming loans and leases:

             

Paydowns and payoffs

   (36)     (19)      (108)      (101)      (32)      

Returns to performing status (2)

   (380)     (225)      (187)      (219)      (224)      

Charge-offs (3)

   (572)     (216)      (73)      (50)      (35)      

Transfers to foreclosed properties

   (83)     (56)      (49)      (24)      (23)      

Transfers to loans held-for-sale

   -     (5)      (1)      (1)      (1)      

Total net additions to nonperforming loans and leases

   1,017     1,402      580      230      200      

Total nonperforming loans and leases, end of period

   4,459     3,442      2,040      1,460      1,230      

Foreclosed properties

             

Balance, beginning of period

   276     159      82      74      59      

Additions to foreclosed properties:

             

LaSalle balance, October 1, 2007

   -     70      -      -      -      

New foreclosed properties

   216     128      125      54      83      

Reductions in foreclosed properties:

             

Sales

   (25)     (28)      (8)      (12)      (34)      

Writedowns

   (65)     (53)      (40)      (34)      (34)      

Total net additions to foreclosed properties

   126     117      77      8      15      

Total foreclosed properties, end of period

   402     276      159      82      74      

Nonperforming consumer assets, end of period

   $4,861     $3,718      $2,199      $1,542      $1,304      

Nonperforming consumer loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans and leases

   0.82 %   0.62 %    0.39 %    0.29 %    0.25%  

Nonperforming consumer assets as a percentage of outstanding consumer loans, leases and foreclosed properties

   0.89     0.67      0.42      0.30      0.27      

 

(1)  

Balances do not include nonperforming LHFS included in other assets of $157 million, $95 million, $59 million, $48 million, and $28 million at March 31, 2008, December 31, 2007, September 30, 2007, June 30, 2007, and March 31, 2007, respectively.

(2)  

Consumer loans and leases may be restored to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection.

(3)  

Our policy is not to classify consumer credit card and consumer non-real estate loans and leases as nonperforming; therefore, the charge-offs on these loans have no impact on nonperforming activity.

 

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Geographical Concentrations

Our managed consumer loan portfolio in the states of California, Florida, New York and Texas represented in aggregate 42 percent and 41 percent of total managed consumer loans at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Our managed consumer loan portfolio in the state of California represented approximately 23 percent of total managed consumer loans at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, primarily driven by the consumer real estate portfolios. Our managed consumer loan portfolio in the state of Florida is our second largest concentration and represented approximately eight percent of total managed consumer loans at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, primarily driven by the consumer real estate portfolios. New York and Texas represented six and five percent of total managed consumer loans at March 31, 2008 compared to five percent for both at December 31, 2007. No other single state represented over five percent of total managed consumer loans. No state other than California, and no single MSA within California represented more than 10 percent of the total managed consumer portfolio.

 

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Table 16 presents certain state loan concentrations for the consumer loan portfolio on a managed basis.

 

Table 16        
Consumer Loan State Concentration – Managed Basis
March 31, 2008                  
(Dollars in millions)    Total Consumer         Residential Mortgage         Credit Card     
     Amount      Percent of
total
        Amount      Percent of
total
        Amount      Percent of
total
    

California

   $152,401      23.2      %      $87,815      32.6      %      $22,645      12.3      %  

Florida

   52,084      7.9         16,588      6.1         12,639      6.9     

New York

   38,469      5.9         16,889      6.3         9,368      5.1     

Texas

   31,849      4.8         12,990      4.8         10,032      5.5     

New Jersey

   26,185      4.0         10,184      3.8         5,952      3.2     

Virginia

   21,950      3.3         11,355      4.2         4,605      2.5     

Other U.S./Foreign

   334,482      50.9           113,904      42.2           118,517      64.5       

Total consumer loans

   $657,420      100.0      %      $269,725      100.0      %      $183,758      100.0      %  
     Home Equity         Direct/Indirect         Other     
     Amount      Percent of
total
        Amount      Percent of
total
        Amount      Percent of
total
    

California

   $31,646      26.7      %      $10,180      12.5      %      $115      3.1      %  

Florida

   16,035      13.5         6,627      8.1         195      5.2     

New York

   7,666      6.5         4,483      5.5         63      1.7     

Texas

   2,269      1.9         6,334      7.8         224      6.0     

New Jersey

   7,921      6.7         2,116      2.6         12      0.3     

Virginia

   4,007      3.4         1,932      2.3         51      1.4     

Other U.S./Foreign

   48,961      41.3           50,014      61.2           3,086      82.3       

Total consumer loans

   $118,505      100.0      %      $81,686      100.0      %      $3,746      100.0      %  

December 31, 2007

                 
(Dollars in millions)    Total Consumer         Residential Mortgage         Credit Card     
     Amount      Percent of
total
        Amount      Percent of
total
        Amount      Percent of
total
    

California

   $150,689      22.8      %      $88,703      31.8      %      $22,231      12.1      %  

Florida

   50,889      7.7         16,497      5.9         12,503      6.8     

New York

   35,534      5.4         15,333      5.5         9,420      5.1     

Texas

   31,803      4.8         13,193      4.7         10,098      5.5     

New Jersey

   25,986      3.9         10,346      3.7         5,937      3.2     

Virginia

   21,903      3.3         11,535      4.2         4,669      2.6     

Other U.S./Foreign

   343,043      52.1           123,126      44.2           118,833      64.7       

Total consumer loans

   $659,847      100.0      %      $278,733      100.0      %      $183,691      100.0      %  
     Home Equity         Direct/Indirect         Other     
     Amount      Percent of
total
        Amount      Percent of
total
        Amount      Percent of
total
    

California

   $29,891      26.0      %      $9,743      12.4      %      $121      3.1      %  

Florida

   15,442      13.4         6,244      7.9         203      5.3     

New York

   7,439      6.5         3,275      4.2         67      1.7     

Texas

   2,231      1.9         6,050      7.7         231      6.0     

New Jersey

   7,779      6.8         1,911      2.4         13      0.3     

Virginia

   3,861      3.4         1,784      2.3         54      1.4     

Other U.S./Foreign

   48,352      42.0           49,571      63.1           3,161      82.2       

Total consumer loans

   $114,995      100.0      %      $78,578      100.0      %      $3,850      100.0      %  

 

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As discussed previously, the credit quality in our home equity portfolio deteriorated during the three months ended March 31, 2008. The deterioration was driven by high CLTV loans in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant declines in home prices as well as seasoning of the portfolio reflective of growth. Home price declines coupled with the fact that most home equity loans are secured by second lien positions significantly reduced and in some cases resulted in no collateral value after consideration of first lien positions. This drove more severe charge-offs as borrowers defaulted. Table 17 presents asset quality indicators by certain state concentrations for the home equity portfolio on a managed basis.

 

  Table 17   
  Home Equity State Concentration – Managed Basis   
     March 31, 2008         Three months ended

March 31, 2008

    

  (Dollars in millions)

   Outstandings           Nonperforming           Net Losses   
   Amount    Percent of    
total    
      Amount    Percent of    
total    
      Amount    Percent of    
total    
  

California

   $31,646    26.7      %            $600    33.6        %            $214    43.1        %    

Florida

   16,035    13.5         333    18.6           94    19.0       

New York

   7,666    6.5         123    6.9           14    2.8       

Texas

   2,269    1.9         21    1.2           4    0.8       

New Jersey

   7,921    6.7         90    5.0           14    2.8       

Virginia

   4,007    3.4         66    3.7           25    5.0       

Other U.S./Foreign

   48,961    41.3         555    31.0           131    26.5       

Total home equity loans

   $118,505    100.0      %            $1,788    100.0        %            $496    100.0        %    

 

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Commercial Portfolio Credit Risk Management

Credit risk management for the commercial portfolio begins with an assessment of the credit risk profile of the borrower or counterparty based on an analysis of their financial position. As part of the overall credit risk assessment of a borrower or counterparty, most of our commercial credit exposure or transactions are assigned a risk rating and are subject to approval based on defined credit approval standards. Subsequent to loan origination, risk ratings are monitored on an ongoing basis. If necessary, risk ratings are adjusted to reflect changes in the financial condition, cash flow or financial situation of a borrower or counterparty. We use risk rating aggregations to measure and evaluate concentrations within portfolios. Risk ratings are a factor in determining the level of assigned economic capital and the allowance for credit losses. In making credit decisions, we consider risk rating, collateral, country, industry and single name concentration limits while also balancing the total borrower or counterparty relationship. Our lines of business and risk management personnel use a variety of tools to continuously monitor the ability of a borrower or counterparty to perform under its obligations.

For information on our accounting policies regarding delinquencies, nonperforming status and charge-offs for the commercial portfolio, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Management of Commercial Credit Risk Concentrations

Portfolio credit risk is evaluated and managed with a goal that concentrations of credit exposure do not result in undesirable levels of risk. We review, measure, and manage concentrations of credit exposure by industry, product, geography and customer relationship. Distribution of loans and leases by loan size is an additional measure of the portfolio risk diversification. We also review, measure, and manage commercial real estate loans by geographic location and property type. In addition, within our international portfolio, we evaluate borrowings by region and by country. Tables 21, 23 and 27 summarize our concentrations. Additionally, we utilize syndication of exposure to third parties, loan sales, hedging and other risk mitigation techniques to manage the size and risk profile of the portfolio.

From the perspective of portfolio risk management, customer concentration management is most relevant in GCIB. Within that segment’s Business Lending and CMAS businesses, we facilitate bridge financing (high grade debt, high yield debt, CMBS and equity) to fund acquisitions, recapitalizations and other short-term needs as well as provide syndicated financing for our clients. These concentrations are managed in part through our established “originate to distribute” strategy. These client transactions are sometimes large and leveraged. They can also have a higher degree of risk as we are providing offers or commitments for various components of the clients’ capital structures, including lower rated unsecured and subordinated debt tranches and/or equity. In many cases, these offers to finance will not be accepted. If accepted, these conditional commitments are often retired prior to or shortly following funding via the placement of securities, syndication or the client’s decision to terminate. Where we have a binding commitment and there is a market disruption or other unexpected event, there may be heightened exposure in the portfolios and forward calendar, and a higher potential for writedown or loss unless the terms of the commitment can be modified and/or an orderly disposition of the exposure can be made.

The Corporation’s share of the leveraged finance and CMBS forward calendars were $3.9 billion and $784 million at March 31, 2008 compared to $12.2 billion and $2.2 billion at December 31, 2007. Funded leveraged finance and CMBS exposure both of which are included in assets held-for-sale totaled $9.6 billion and $11.1 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to $6.1 billion and $13.6 billion at December 31, 2007. The funded CMBS debt consisted of $8.7 billion of floating-rate financings, of which $7.1 billion was acquisition related financing to major, well known operating companies. Writedowns of $630 million, net of fees and hedges, comprised of $439 million related to leveraged finance and $191 million related to CMBS were taken on both funded and forward calendar commitments to reflect the current market prices, where available, or the estimated price at which the exposures could be distributed in the market.

We account for certain large corporate loans and loan commitments (including issued but unfunded letters of credit which are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes), which exceed our single name credit risk concentration guidelines at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159. Any fair value adjustment upon origination and subsequent changes in the fair value of these loans and unfunded commitments are recorded in other income. By including the credit risk of the borrower in the fair value adjustments, any credit deterioration or improvement is recorded immediately as part of the fair value adjustment. As a result, the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments

 

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are not used to capture credit losses inherent in these nonperforming or impaired loans and unfunded commitments. The Commercial Credit Portfolio tables have been modified to exclude loans and unfunded commitments that are carried at fair value and to adjust related ratios. See the Commercial Loans Measured at Fair Value section on page 108 for more information on the performance of these loans and loan commitments and see Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our SFAS 159 elections.

 

Commercial Credit Portfolio

Commercial credit quality indicators continued to deteriorate for the three months ended March 31, 2008 due to the weakness in the housing and financial markets. The loans and leases net charge-off ratio increased to 0.69 percent from 0.31 percent in the first quarter of 2007. The increase was principally attributable to higher net charge-offs in our small business portfolio in GCSBB and the homebuilder loan portfolio in GCIB. Excluding small business commercial – domestic the total commercial net charge-off ratio was 0.26 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to a net charge-off ratio of 0.04 percent for the same period in 2007, primarily due to higher net charge-offs in the homebuilder loan portfolio in GCIB reflecting the impact of the housing slowdown. The nonperforming loan and commercial utilized criticized exposure ratios excluding assets held for sale and assets in the fair value portfolio, were 0.89 percent and 5.15 percent at March 31, 2008 compared to 0.67 percent and 4.17 percent at December 31, 2007, partially related to the continued deterioration in the homebuilder sector. In addition, modest deterioration from very low 2007 levels was experienced in various loan portfolios within GCIB and non-reservable mark-to-market derivative assets.

Table 18 presents our commercial loans and leases, and related credit quality information at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and our commercial net charge-offs and related ratios for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

Table 18   
Commercial Loans and Leases     
     Outstandings    Nonperforming (1)   

Accruing Past Due 90

Days or More (2)

        Net Charge-offs (3)    Net Charge-off
Ratios (4)
    
     March 31    December 31    March 31    December 31    March 31    December 31         Three Months
Ended March 31
  

Three Months

Ended March 31

    
  (Dollars in millions)    2008    2007    2008    2007    2008    2007         2008    2007    2008          2007      

  Commercial loans and leases

                                      

Commercial – domestic (5)

   $188,089    $188,673    $996    $860    $187    $119       $82    $24    0.17    %    0.06    %

Commercial real estate

   62,739    61,298    1,627    1,099    223    36       107    3    0.70       0.03   

Commercial lease financing

   22,132    22,582    44    33    32    25       15    (1)    0.27       (0.03)   

Commercial – foreign

   31,101    28,376    54    19    4    16       (7)    (3)    (0.10)       (0.05)   
   304,061    300,929    2,721    2,011    446    196       197    23    0.26       0.04   

  Small business commercial – domestic (6)

   20,123    19,624    153    144    547    427       359    160    7.21       4.20   

Total measured at historical cost

   324,184    320,553    2,874    2,155    993    623       556    183    0.69       0.31   

  Total measured at fair

    value (7)

   5,057    4,590    -    -    -    -       n/a    n/a    n/a       n/a   

Total commercial loans and leases

   $329,241    $325,143    $2,874    $2,155    $993    $623         $556    $183    0.69         0.31     

 

  (1)  

Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases measured at historical cost were 0.89 percent and 0.67 percent at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Including commercial loans and leases measured at fair value the ratios would have been 0.87 percent and 0.66 percent at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

  (2)  

Accruing commercial loans and leases past due 90 days or more as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases measured at historical cost were 0.31 percent and 0.19 percent at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Including commercial loans and leases measured at fair value the ratios would have remained unchanged.

  (3)  

Includes a reduction in net charge-offs on commercial - domestic of $6 million and commercial real estate of $8 million as a result of the impact of SOP 03-3 for the three months ended March 31, 2008.

  (4)  

Net charge-off ratios are calculated as annualized net charge-offs divided by average outstanding loans and leases measured at historical cost during the period for each loan and lease category.

  (5)  

Excludes small business commercial - domestic loans.

  (6)  

Small business commercial - domestic is primarily card related.

  (7)  

Certain commercial loans are measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 and include commercial – domestic loans of $3.9 billion and $3.5 billion, commercial – foreign loans of $949 million and $790 million and commercial real estate loans of $240 million and $304 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

n/a = not applicable

 

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Table 19 presents commercial credit exposure by type for utilized, unfunded and total binding committed credit exposure. The increase in commercial committed exposure was due to organic growth as discussed in the sections below. The increase in derivative assets of $16.3 billion was centered in credit derivatives, interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, and was driven by growth in the businesses, widening credit spreads and the strengthening of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar. For more information on our credit derivatives, see Industry Concentrations beginning on page 110.

 

  Table 19               
  Commercial Credit Exposure by Type          
      Commercial Utilized (1, 2)    Commercial Unfunded (3, 4)    Total Commercial Committed
  (Dollars in millions)    March 31
2008
         December 31
2007
         March 31
2008
   December 31
2007
         March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

  Loans and leases

   $329,241       $325,143       $326,118    $329,396       $655,359    $654,539

  Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees

   59,705       58,747       4,491    4,049       64,196    62,796

  Derivative assets (5)

   50,925       34,662       -    -       50,925    34,662

  Assets held-for-sale (6)

   26,403       26,475       835    1,489       27,238    27,964

  Commercial letters of credit

   4,246       4,413       326    140       4,572    4,553

  Bankers' acceptances

   2,755       2,411       43    2       2,798    2,413

  Securitized assets

   790       790       -    -       790    790

  Foreclosed properties

   92       75       -    -       92    75

Total commercial credit exposure

   $474,157         $452,716         $331,813    $335,076         $805,970    $787,792

 

(1)

Exposure includes standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, commercial letters of credit and bankers’ acceptances for which the bank is legally bound to advance funds under prescribed conditions, during a specified period. Although funds have not been advanced, these exposure types are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes.

(2)

Total commercial utilized exposure includes loans and issued letters of credit measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 and is comprised of loans outstanding of $5.1 billion and $4.6 billion, and letters of credit at notional value of $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

(3)

Total commercial unfunded exposure includes loan commitments measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 with a notional value of $19.0 billion and $19.8 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

(4)

Excludes unused business card lines which are not legally binding.

(5)

Derivative assets are reported on a mark-to-market basis, reflect the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements, and have been reduced by cash collateral of $20.3 billion and $12.8 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. In addition to cash collateral, derivative assets are also collateralized by $4.5 billion and $8.5 billion of primarily other marketable securities at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 for which credit risk has not been reduced.

(6)

Total commercial committed exposure consists of $24.0 billion and $23.9 billion of commercial LHFS exposure (e.g., commercial mortgage and leveraged finance) and $3.2 billion and $4.1 billion of investments held-for-sale exposure at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

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Table 20 presents commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure by product type and other utilized non-reservable criticized exposure. Commercial utilized criticized exposure, excluding assets held-for-sale and the fair value portfolio, increased $5.2 billion, or 30 percent, primarily due to increases in commercial real estate reflecting housing market weakness on the homebuilder sector of the portfolio and commercial – domestic reflecting modest deterioration across various industries. The table below excludes utilized criticized exposure related to assets held-for-sale of $5.3 billion and $2.9 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and other utilized criticized exposure measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 of $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. See Commercial Loans Measured at Fair Value on page 108 for a discussion of the fair value portfolio. Criticized assets in the held-for-sale portfolio, are carried at the lower of cost or market, including bridge exposure of $4.7 billion and $2.3 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 which are funded in the normal course of our Business Lending and CMAS businesses and are managed in part through our "originate to distribute" strategy (see Management of Commercial Credit Risk Concentrations beginning on page 102 for more information on bridge financing). The level of funded, criticized bridge exposures in the held-for-sale portfolio increased as a result of adverse market conditions in the second half of 2007 which continued into 2008. Had criticized exposure in the assets held-for-sale and fair value portfolios been included, the ratio of commercial utilized criticized exposure to total commercial utilized exposure would have been 6.12 percent at March 31, 2008 compared to 4.77 percent at December 31, 2007.

 

  Table 20           
  Commercial Utilized Criticized Exposure (1)                   
   March 31, 2008       December 31, 2007  

  (Dollars in millions)

   Amount    Percent (2)             Amount    Percent (2)    

  Commercial – domestic (3)

   $9,578    4.02   %       $8,545    3.56   %

  Commercial real estate

   9,115    13.24         6,750    10.25  

  Commercial lease financing

   647    2.92         594    2.63  

  Commercial – foreign

   815    2.03         449    1.23  
   20,155    5.46         16,338    4.47  

  Small business commercial – domestic

   1,002    4.97         838    4.25  

  Commercial utilized reservable criticized exposure (4)

   21,157    5.43         17,176    4.46  

  Other utilized non-reservable criticized exposure (5)

   1,576    3.04         377    1.06  

  Total commercial utilized criticized exposure excluding assets-held-for-sale and the fair value portfolio

   $22,733    5.15             $17,553    4.17    

  (1)

Criticized exposure corresponds to the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful asset categories defined by regulatory authorities. Balances and ratios have been adjusted to exclude assets held-for-sale and exposure measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Had criticized exposure in the assets held-for-sale and fair value portfolios been included, the ratio of commercial utilized criticized exposure to total commercial utilized exposure would have been 6.12 percent and 4.77 percent at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

  (2)

Ratios are calculated as commercial utilized criticized exposure divided by total commercial utilized exposure for each exposure category.

  (3)

Excludes small business commercial – domestic exposure.

  (4)

In addition to loans and leases, exposure includes standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, commercial letters of credit and bankers’ acceptances for which the bank is legally bound to advance funds under prescribed conditions, during a specified period. Although funds have not been advanced, these exposure types are considered utilized for credit risk management purposes.

  (5)

Other utilized non-reservable criticized exposure includes derivative assets, foreclosed properties and securitized assets.

 

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Commercial – Domestic

At March 31, 2008, approximately 89 percent of the commercial – domestic portfolio, excluding small business, was included in GCIB, primarily in Business Lending (business banking, middle market and large multinational corporate loans and leases) and CMAS (acquisition and bridge financing). The remaining 11 percent was mostly in GWIM (business-purpose loans for wealthy individuals). Outstanding commercial – domestic loans and leases decreased $584 million to $188.1 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007. Nonperforming commercial – domestic loans increased $136 million to $996 million from December 31, 2007. Net charge-offs were up $58 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from very low levels in 2007. The increases in nonperforming and net charge-off levels were broad-based in terms of borrowers and industries. Criticized utilized commercial – domestic reservable exposure, increased $1.0 billion from December 31, 2007, to $9.6 billion primarily driven by modest deterioration across various portfolios within GCIB. Additionally, commercial – domestic drove the increase in other utilized non-reservable criticized exposure, primarily mark-to-market derivative assets.

Commercial Real Estate

The commercial real estate portfolio is mostly managed in Business Lending and consists of loans issued primarily to public and private developers, homebuilders and commercial real estate firms. Outstanding loans and leases increased $1.4 billion to $62.7 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 primarily driven by organic growth in California and in apartment, shopping center/retail and hotel/motel property types.

Nonperforming commercial real estate loans increased $528 million to $1.6 billion and utilized criticized reservable exposure increased $2.4 billion to $9.1 billion attributable to the continuing impact of the housing slowdown on the homebuilder sector. Net charge-offs were $107 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, up $104 million from the prior year driven entirely by the homebuilder sector, with one large name comprising one half of the net charge-offs during the first quarter. Nonperforming assets and utilized criticized exposure in the homebuilder sector were $1.3 billion and $6.6 billion respectively, at March 31, 2008, compared to $829 million and $5.4 billion at December 31, 2007. At March 31, 2008, we had homebuilder-related utilized exposure of $13.7 billion and commercial committed exposure of $20.6 billion. The utilized criticized ratio and the nonperforming asset ratio for the homebuilder sector was 48.81 percent and 10.23 percent at March 31, 2008 compared to 38.47 percent and 6.11 percent at December 31, 2007. Assets held-for-sale associated with commercial real estate decreased $2.5 billion to $11.3 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007, driven by a commercial mortgage-backed securitization which occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2008. Refer to Management of Commercial Credit Risk Concentrations on page 102 for a discussion of our CMBS exposure.

 

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Table 21 presents outstanding commercial real estate loans by geographic region and property type diversification.

 

Table 21

     

Outstanding Commercial Real Estate Loans (1)

  (Dollars in millions)

   March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

  By Geographic Region (2)

     

  California

   $10,073    $9,369  

  Northeast

   9,113    8,951  

  Midwest

   8,230    7,832  

  Illinois

   6,830    6,731  

  Southeast

   6,756    6,472  

  Southwest

   5,798    5,400  

  Florida

   4,828    4,870  

  Midsouth

   3,014    2,843  

  Northwest

   2,755    2,417  

  Other

   1,932    3,370  

  Geographically diversified (3)

   2,357    2,282  

  Non-U.S.

   1,293    1,065  

  Total outstanding commercial real estate loans (4)

   $62,979    $61,602  

  By Property Type

     

  Residential

   $10,733    $11,157  

  Shopping centers/retail

   9,225    8,722  

  Office buildings

   9,050    8,837  

  Apartments

   8,369    7,806  

  Industrial/warehouse

   5,757    5,662  

  Land and land development

   4,647    4,551  

  Multiple use

   1,956    1,672  

  Hotels/motels

   1,885    1,535  

  Resorts

   318    297  

  Other (5)

   11,039    11,363  

  Total outstanding commercial real estate loans (4)

   $62,979    $61,602  

 

  (1)

Primarily includes commercial loans and leases secured by non owner-occupied real estate which are dependent on the sale or lease of the real estate as the primary source of repayment.

 

  (2)

Distribution is based on geographic location of collateral. Geographic regions are in the U.S. unless otherwise noted.

 

  (3)

The geographically diversified category is comprised primarily of unsecured outstandings to real estate investment trusts and national home builders whose portfolios of properties span multiple geographic regions.

 

  (4)

Includes commercial real estate loans measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 of $240 million and $304 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

  (5)

Represents loans to borrowers whose primary business is commercial real estate, but the exposure is not secured by the listed property types.

 

Commercial Lease Financing

The commercial lease financing portfolio is managed in Business Lending. Outstanding loans and leases decreased $450 million at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007. Net charge-offs were $15 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to net recoveries of $1 million for the same period in 2007, primarily reflecting broad based charge-offs coming off very low 2007 levels.

 

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Commercial – Foreign

The commercial – foreign portfolio is managed primarily in Business Lending and CMAS. Outstanding loans and leases increased $2.7 billion to $31.1 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 driven by organic growth combined with strengthening of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar. Criticized utilized reservable exposure increased $366 million to $815 million. Net recoveries mainly in our large corporate portfolio were $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to net recoveries of $3 million for the same period in 2007. For additional information on the commercial – foreign portfolio, refer to the Foreign Portfolio discussion beginning on page 113.

Small Business Commercial – Domestic

The small business commercial – domestic portfolio (business card and small business loans) is managed in GCSBB. Outstanding small business commercial – domestic loans and leases increased $499 million to $20.1 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007 driven by organic growth in the small business card portfolio. Approximately 59 percent of the small business commercial – domestic outstanding loans and leases at March 31, 2008 were credit card related products. Nonperforming small business commercial – domestic loans increased $9 million to $153 million, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest increased $120 million to $547 million and criticized reservable exposure increased $164 million, to $1.0 billion, or 4.97 percent at March 31, 2008 compared to 4.25 percent, at December 31, 2007. Small business commercial – domestic net charge-offs were up $199 million, to $359 million, or 7.21 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2008. The increases were primarily driven by the impacts of a slowing economy, particularly in geographic areas that have experienced the most housing declines and seasoning of portions of the portfolio originated in periods of higher growth. Approximately 74 percent of the small business commercial – domestic net charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2008 were credit card related products.

Commercial Loans Measured at Fair Value

The commercial loans measured at fair value portfolio is managed in CMAS. At March 31, 2008, outstanding commercial loans measured at fair value had an aggregate fair value of $5.1 billion recorded in loans and leases and included commercial – domestic loans of $3.9 billion, commercial – foreign loans of $949 million and commercial real estate loans of $240 million. Outstanding commercial loans measured at fair value increased $467 million to $5.1 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007. The Corporation recorded net losses of $123 million in other income resulting from changes in the fair value of the loan portfolio during the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to gains of $1 million for the same period in 2007. These losses were primarily attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk and were predominately offset by hedging activities. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, none of these loans were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest or had been placed on nonaccrual status. Utilized criticized exposure in the fair value portfolio was $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

In addition, unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit had an aggregate fair value of $903 million and $660 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 that were recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The associated aggregate notional amount of unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit subject to fair value treatment was $20.3 billion and $20.9 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Net losses resulting from changes in fair value of commitments and letters of credit of $238 million were recorded in other income during the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to losses of $28 million for the same period in 2007. These losses were primarily attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk and were predominately offset by hedging activities.

 

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Nonperforming Commercial Assets Activity

Table 22 presents the additions and reductions to nonperforming assets in the commercial portfolio during the most recent five quarters. The increase in nonaccrual loans and leases for the first quarter of 2008 was primarily attributable to continuing deterioration in our homebuilder portfolio.

Table 22

Nonperforming Commercial Assets Activity (1, 2)

  (Dollars in millions)

   First
Quarter
2008
         Fourth
Quarter
2007
         Third
Quarter
2007
         Second
Quarter
2007
         First
Quarter
2007
     

  Nonperforming loans and leases

                             

  Balance, beginning of period

   $2,155             $1,140             $824             $740             $757         

  Additions to nonperforming loans and leases:

                             

LaSalle balance, October 1, 2007

   -           413           -           -           -       

New nonaccrual loans and leases

   1,399           1,129           583           398           357       

Advances

   21           62           6           4           13       

  Reductions in nonperforming loans and leases:

                             

Paydowns and payoffs

   (383)           (249)           (155)           (173)           (204)       

Sales

   -           (33)           (1)           (23)           (25)       

Returns to performing status (3)

   (29)           (130)           (21)           (32)           (56)       

Charge-offs (4)

   (261)           (134)           (86)           (77)           (73)       

Transfers to foreclosed properties

   (28)           (43)           (10)           (13)           (9)       

Transfers to loans held-for-sale

   -             -             -             -             (20)         

Total net additions to (reductions in) nonperforming loans and leases

   719             1,015             316             84             (17)         

Total nonperforming loans and leases, end of period

   2,874             2,155             1,140             824             740         

  Foreclosed properties

                             

  Balance, beginning of period

   75             33             26             15             10         

  Additions to foreclosed properties:

                             

LaSalle balance, October 1, 2007

   -           16           -           -           -       

New foreclosed properties

   28           43           10           13           9       

  Reductions in foreclosed properties:

                             

Sales

   (8)           (16)           -           (2)           (4)       

Writedowns

   (3)             (1)             (3)             -             -         

Total net additions to foreclosed properties

   17             42             7             11             5         

Total foreclosed properties, end of period

   92             75             33             26             15         

Nonperforming commercial assets, end of period

   $2,966             $2,230             $1,173             $850             $755         

  Nonperforming commercial loans and leases as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases measured at historical cost

   0.89%       0.67%       0.43%       0.34%       0.31%   

  Nonperforming commercial assets as a percentage of outstanding commercial loans and leases measured at historical cost and foreclosed properties

   0.91             0.70             0.44             0.35             0.32         

 

  (1)

Balances do not include nonperforming LHFS included in other assets of $170 million, $93 million, $30 million, $25 million and $66 million at March 31 2008, December 31, 2007, September 30, 2007, June 30, 2007, and March 31, 2007, respectively. There were no nonperforming loans measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

  (2)

Includes small business commercial – domestic activity.

  (3)

Commercial loans and leases may be restored to performing status when all principal and interest is current and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected, or when the loan otherwise becomes well-secured and is in the process of collection.

  (4)

Certain loan and lease products, including business card, are not classified as nonperforming; therefore, the charge-offs on these loans have no impact on nonperforming activity.

 

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Industry Concentrations

Table 23 presents commercial committed and commercial utilized credit exposure by industry and the total net credit default protection purchased to cover the funded and the unfunded portion of certain credit exposure. Our commercial credit exposure is diversified across a broad range of industries.

Industry limits are used internally to manage industry concentrations and are based on committed exposure and capital usage that are allocated on an industry-by-industry basis. A risk management framework is in place to set and approve industry limits, as well as to provide ongoing monitoring. The CRC oversees industry limits governance.

Total commercial committed credit exposure increased by $18.2 billion, or two percent, at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007. Total commercial utilized credit exposure increased by $21.4 billion, or five percent, at March 31, 2008 compared to December 31, 2007. The overall commercial credit utilization rate was largely unchanged from December 31, 2007, increasing from 57 percent to 59 percent.

Real estate remains our largest industry concentration, accounting for 14 percent of total commercial committed exposure. Growth of $956 million, or one percent, was driven primarily by shopping center/retail, office building and multiple use property types. Diversified financials grew by $6.7 billion, or eight percent, and banks grew by $3.0 billion, or nine percent, both due to increased derivative asset exposure. Telecommunications increased $2.4 billion, or 29 percent, due to bridge financing related deals and capital goods grew by $1.5 billion, or three percent, driven by diversified demand across machinery related industries. Government and public education exposure decreased $5.2 billion, or nine percent, due to a reduction in financing commitments to student lenders.

Monoline exposure is reported in the insurance industry and managed under the insurance portfolio industry limits. Direct commercial committed exposure to monolines consisted of revolvers of $203 million at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and net mark-to-market derivative exposure of $1.5 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to $420 million at December 31, 2007. The increase in the derivative exposure was due to spread widening in both wrapped CDO and structured finance related exposures. For more information on our CDO exposures, see our discussion beginning on page 67.

We have indirect exposure to monolines primarily in the form of guarantees supporting our loans, investment portfolios, securitizations, credit enhanced securities as part of our public finance business and other selected products. Such indirect exposure exists when we purchase credit protection from monolines to hedge all or a portion of the credit risk on certain credit exposures including loans and CDOs. We underwrite our public finance exposure by evaluating the underlying securities. In the case of default we first look to the underlying securities and then to recovery on the purchased insurance. See page 67 for discussion on our CDO exposure and related credit protection.

We also have indirect exposure as we invest in securities where the issuers have purchased wraps (i.e., insurance). For example, municipalities and corporations purchase protection in order to enhance their pricing power which has the effect of reducing their cost of borrowings. If the rating agencies downgrade the monolines, the credit rating of the bond may fall and may have an adverse impact on the market value of the security.

We have further exposure related to our public finance business where we are the lead manager or remarketing agent for transactions that are wrapped including auction rate securities (ARS), tender option municipal bonds (TOBs), and variable rate demand notes (VRDNs). Recent concerns about monoline downgrades or insolvency has caused disruptions in each of these markets as investor concerns have impacted overall market liquidity and bond prices. We are the lead manager on municipal and, to a lesser extent, student loan ARS where a high percentage of the programs are wrapped by either monolines or other financial guarantors. We are the remarketing agent on TOBs and VRDN transactions and also provide commitments on approximately $10.5 billion of VRDNs, including those issued by municipalities and other organizations, which obligate us to purchase the VRDNs in the event that they can not be remarketed or otherwise provide funding to the issuer.

At March 31, 2008, we held within trading account assets approximately $2.8 billion in ARS, $1.4 billion in VRDNs and $190 million in TOBs acquired in connection with these activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we recorded losses of $216 million on the ARS, primarily related to student loan-backed securities. We no longer serve in our role as lead manager for these securities. We had no losses on the VRDNs or TOBs during the three months ended March 31, 2008. We continue to have liquidity exposure to these markets and instruments, and as market conditions continue to

 

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evolve, these conditions may impact our results. For additional information on our liquidity exposure to tender option bond municipal trusts, see the municipal bond trusts and corporate SPEs discussion beginning on page 81.

 

  Table 23
  Commercial Credit Exposure by Industry (1, 2)
      Commercial Utilized          Total Commercial
Committed
  (Dollars in millions)    March 31
2008
   December 31
2007
         March 31
2008
   December 31
2007

  Real estate (3)

   $81,102    $81,260       $112,698    $111,742  

  Diversified financials

   43,065    37,872       92,839    86,118  

  Retailing

   33,710    33,280       54,195    55,184  

  Capital goods

   28,168    25,908       53,897    52,356  

  Government and public education

   30,219    31,743       52,203    57,437  

  Healthcare equipment and services

   25,512    24,337       42,253    40,962  

  Consumer services

   25,141    23,382       40,744    38,650  

  Materials

   24,329    22,176       39,695    38,717  

  Banks

   24,774    21,261       38,339    35,323  

  Individuals and trusts

   22,676    22,323       33,046    32,425  

  Commercial services and supplies

   21,744    21,175       31,578    31,858  

  Food, beverage and tobacco

   14,170    13,919       27,210    25,701  

  Energy

   13,276    12,772       24,461    23,510  

  Media

   8,092    7,901       20,024    19,343  

  Utilities

   6,135    6,438       19,185    19,281  

  Transportation

   13,020    12,803       19,003    18,824  

  Insurance

   9,032    7,162       17,343    16,014  

  Religious and social organizations

   8,462    8,208       11,187    10,982  

  Consumer durables and apparel

   6,137    5,802       10,833    10,907  

  Telecommunication services

   5,782    3,475       10,618    8,235  

  Technology hardware and equipment

   4,427    4,615       10,191    10,239  

  Software and services

   4,876    4,739       10,069    10,128  

  Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology

   4,701    4,349       9,561    8,563  

  Automobiles and components

   2,851    2,648       6,519    6,960  

  Food and staples retailing

   2,638    2,732       4,943    5,318  

  Household and personal products

   989    889       2,916    2,776  

  Semiconductors and semiconductor equipment

   986    1,140       1,657    1,734  

  Other

   8,143    8,407       8,763    8,505  

Total commercial credit exposure by industry

   $474,157    $452,716         $805,970    $787,792

Net credit default protection purchased on total

    commitments (4)

                  $(9,006)    $(7,146)

 

 

(1)  

Total commercial utilized and total commercial committed exposure includes loans and letters of credit measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 and are comprised of loans outstanding of $5.1 billion and $4.6 billion, and issued letters of credit at notional value of $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. In addition, total commercial committed exposure includes unfunded loan commitments at notional value of $19.0 billion and $19.8 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

 

(2)  

Includes small business commercial – domestic exposure.

 

 

(3)  

Industries are viewed from a variety of perspectives to best isolate the perceived risks. For purposes of this table, the real estate industry is defined based upon the borrowers’ or counterparties’ primary business activity using operating cash flow and primary source of repayment as key factors.

 

 

(4)  

Represents net notional credit protection purchased.

Credit protection is purchased to cover the funded portion as well as the unfunded portion of certain credit exposure. To lessen the cost of obtaining our desired credit protection levels, credit exposure may be added within an industry, borrower or counterparty group by selling protection. Since December 31, 2007, our net credit default protection purchased has been increased by $1.9 billion to $9.0 billion as we continue to reposition the level of purchased protection.

 

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At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had net notional credit default protection purchased in our credit derivatives portfolio of $9.0 billion and $7.1 billion. The mark-to-market impacts, including the cost of the net credit default protection hedging our credit exposure, resulted in net gains of $338 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to net losses of $14 million in the same period a year ago. The net gains for the three months ended March 31, 2008 predominantly offset the losses recorded on loans and unfunded lending commitments measured at fair value. For further discussion see the Commercial Loans Measured at Fair Value section on page 108. The average VAR for our net credit default protection hedging our credit exposure was $19 million and $27 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. The decrease in VAR was driven by an increase in the average amount of credit protection outstanding during the periods. There is a diversification effect between the net credit default protection hedging our credit exposure and the market-based trading portfolio such that their combined average VAR was $94 million and $39 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. Refer to the Trading Risk Management discussion beginning on page 120 for a description of our VAR calculation for the market-based trading portfolio.

Tables 24 and 25 present the maturity profiles and the credit exposure debt ratings of the net credit default protection portfolio at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

  Table 24                  
  Net Credit Default Protection by Maturity Profile                      
      March 31
2008
        December 31
2007
    

  Less than or equal to one year

   2   %    2   %

  Greater than one year and less than or equal to five years

   75      67  

  Greater than five years

   23      31  

Total net credit default protection

   100   %    100   %

 

 

  Table 25              
  Net Credit Default Protection by Credit Exposure Debt Rating (1)              
  (Dollars in millions)    March 31, 2008         December 31, 2007
  Ratings    Net Notional          Percent              Net Notional    Percent     

  AAA

   $(19)       0.2   %      $(13)    0.2   %

  AA

   (109)       1.2        (92)    1.3  

  A

   (2,986)       33.2        (2,408)    33.7  

  BBB

   (3,989)       44.3        (3,328)    46.6  

  BB

   (1,633)       18.1        (1,524)    21.3  

  B

   (150)       1.7        (180)    2.5  

  CCC and below

   (75)       0.8        (75)    1.0  

  NR (2)

   (45)       0.5        474    (6.6)  

Total net credit default protection

   $(9,006)         100.0   %        $(7,146)    100.0   %

 

 

(1)  

In order to mitigate the cost of purchasing credit protection, credit exposure can be added by selling credit protection. The distribution of debt rating for net notional credit default protection purchased is shown as a negative and the net notional credit protection sold is shown as a positive amount.

 

 

(2)  

In addition to unrated names, "NR" did not have net credit default swap index positions at March 31, 2008 compared to $550 million at December 31, 2007. While index positions are principally investment grade, credit default swaps indices include names in and across each of the ratings categories.

 

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In addition to our net notional credit default protection purchased to cover the funded and unfunded portion of certain credit exposures, credit derivatives are used for market making activities for clients and establishing proprietary positions intended to profit from directional or relative value changes. We execute the majority of our credit derivative positions in the over-the-counter market with large, international financial institutions, including broker/dealers and to a lesser degree with a variety of investors such as hedge funds and other entities. Because these transactions are executed in the over-the-counter market we are subject to settlement risk. We are also subject to credit risk in the event that these counterparties fail to perform under the terms of these contracts. In most cases, credit derivative transactions are executed on a daily margin basis. Therefore, events such as a credit downgrade (depending on the ultimate rating level) or a breach of credit covenants would typically require an increase in the amount of collateral required of the counterparty (where applicable), and/or allow us to take additional protective measures such as early termination of all trades. Further, we enter into legally enforceable master netting agreements which reduce risk by permitting the closeout and netting of transactions with the same counterparty upon the occurrence of certain events.

The notional amounts presented in the following table represent the total contract/notional amount of credit derivatives outstanding and includes both purchased and written protection. The significant increase in credit spreads across nearly all major credit indices during the three months ended March 31, 2008 drove higher levels of counterparty credit risk for purchased protection relative to the change in the contract/notional amounts.

 

  Table 26
  Credit Derivatives
     March 31, 2008    December 31, 2007
  (Dollars in millions)        Contract/Notional            Credit Risk            Contract/Notional            Credit Risk    

  Credit derivatives

           

Purchased protection:

           

Credit default swaps

   $1,508,383    $10,716    $1,482,210    $6,806

Total return swaps

   10,614    1,384    13,551    671

Other credit derivatives

   8,049    1    8,431    16

Total purchased protection

   1,527,046    12,101    1,504,192    7,493

Written protection:

           

Credit default swaps

   1,539,925    -    1,517,305    -

Total return swaps

   19,327    -    24,884    -

Other credit derivatives

   -    -    -    -

Total written protection

   1,559,252    -    1,542,189    -

Credit derivatives consolidated

   $3,086,298    $12,101    $3,046,381    $7,493

 

 

Foreign Portfolio

Our foreign credit and trading portfolio is subject to country risk. We define country risk as the risk of loss from unfavorable economic and political conditions, currency fluctuations, social instability and changes in government policies. A risk management framework is in place to measure, monitor and manage foreign risk and exposures. Management oversight of country risk including cross-border risk is provided by the Country Risk Committee.

 

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Table 27 sets forth total foreign exposure to borrowers or counterparties in emerging markets. Foreign exposure includes credit exposure net of local liabilities, securities, and other investments domiciled in countries other than the United States. Credit card exposure is reported on a funded basis. Total foreign exposure can be adjusted for externally guaranteed exposure and certain collateral types. Exposure which is assigned external guarantees are reported under the country of the guarantor. Exposure with tangible collateral is reflected in the country where the collateral is held. For securities received, other than cross-border resale agreements, exposure is assigned to the domicile of the issuer of the securities. Resale agreements are generally presented based on the domicile of the counterparty consistent with FFIEC reporting rules.

 

    Table 27  
    Selected Emerging Markets (1)  
    (Dollars in millions)    Loans and
Leases, and
Loan
Commitments
   Other
Financing (2)
   Derivative
Assets (3)
   Securities/
Other
Investments (4)
  

Total

Cross-

border
Exposure (5)

   Local
Country
Exposure
Net of Local
Liabilities (6)
   Total
Emerging
Market
Exposure
at
March 31,
2008
   Increase
(Decrease)
From
December 31,
2007
 

Region/Country

                       

Asia Pacific

                       

China

   $356    $47    $241    $14,790    $15,434    $-    $15,434    $(1,606)  

India

   1,336    628    429    1,220    3,613    -    3,613    321  

South Korea

   178    817    379    2,224    3,598    -    3,598    (804)  

Taiwan

   328    51    107    140    626    539    1,165    98  

Singapore

   370    41    211    504    1,126    -    1,126    (166)  

Hong Kong

   421    63    150    143    777    -    777    (18)  

Other Asia Pacific (7)

   151    76    48    411    686    -    686    (1)  

Total Asia Pacific

   3,140    1,723    1,565    19,432    25,860    539    26,399    (2,176)     

Latin America

                       

Mexico

   1,421    248    65    2,910    4,644    -    4,644    206  

Brazil

   659    188    26    2,696    3,569    224    3,793    106  

Chile

   568    37    1    15    621    8    629    (90)  

Other Latin America (7)

   248    198    5    73    524    151    675    28  

Total Latin America

   2,896    671    97    5,694    9,358    383    9,741    250  

Middle East and Africa

                       

Bahrain

   119    9    39    403    570    -    570    423  

South Africa

   377    12    11    113    513    -    513    71  

Other Middle East and Africa (7)

   370    160    208    155    893    -    893    (459)  

Total Middle East and Africa

   866    181    258    671    1,976    -    1,976    35  

Central and Eastern Europe (7)

   66    206    100    110    482    -    482    58  

Total emerging market exposure

   $6,968    $2,781    $2,020    $25,907    $37,676    $922    $38,598    $(1,833)  

 

(1)  

There is no generally accepted definition of emerging markets. The definition that we use includes all countries in Asia Pacific excluding Japan, Australia and New Zealand; all countries in Latin America excluding Cayman Islands and Bermuda; all countries in Middle East and Africa; and all countries in Central and Eastern Europe excluding Greece. There was no emerging market exposure included in the portfolio measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

(2)  

Includes acceptances, standby letters of credit, commercial letters of credit and formal guarantees.

(3)  

Derivative assets are reported on a mark-to-market basis and have been reduced by the amount of cash collateral applied of $145 million and $57 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, there were $10 million and $2 million of other marketable securities collateralizing derivative assets for which credit risk has not been reduced.

(4)  

Generally, cross-border resale agreements are presented based on the domicile of the counterparty, consistent with FFIEC reporting rules. Cross-border resale agreements where the underlying securities are U.S. Treasury securities, in which case the domicile is the U.S., are excluded from this presentation.

(5)  

Cross-border exposure includes amounts payable to the Corporation by borrowers or counterparties with a country of residence other than the one in which the credit is booked, regardless of the currency in which the claim is denominated, consistent with FFIEC reporting rules.

(6)  

Local country exposure includes amounts payable to the Corporation by borrowers with a country of residence in which the credit is booked, regardless of the currency in which the claim is denominated. Local funding or liabilities are subtracted from local exposures as allowed by the FFIEC. Total amount of available local liabilities funding local country exposure at March 31, 2008 was $22.3 billion compared to $21.6 billion at December 31, 2007. Local liabilities at March 31, 2008 in Asia Pacific and Latin America were $21.0 billion and $1.3 billion, of which $9.0 billion were in Hong Kong, $5.5 billion in Singapore, $2.7 billion in South Korea, $1.3 billion in China, $1.2 billion in Mexico, $1.1 billion in India, and $507 million in Taiwan. There were no other countries with available local liabilities funding local country exposure greater than $500 million.

(7)  

No country included in Other Asia Pacific, Other Latin America, Other Middle East and Africa, and Central and Eastern Europe had total foreign exposure of more than $500 million.

 

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As presented in Table 27, foreign exposure to borrowers or counterparties in emerging markets decreased $1.8 billion to $38.6 billion at March 31, 2008 compared to $40.4 billion at December 31, 2007. The decrease was primarily due to the lower value of our equity investment in CCB. Foreign exposure to borrowers or counterparties in emerging markets represented 28 percent and 29 percent of total foreign exposure at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

At March 31, 2008, 68 percent of the emerging markets exposure was in Asia Pacific, compared to 71 percent at December 31, 2007. Asia Pacific emerging markets exposure decreased by $2.2 billion, driven by the lower value of the CCB investment as well as lower securities exposure in South Korea. The investment in CCB, classified in Table 27 as securities and other investments, accounted for $14.5 billion and $16.4 billion of exposure in China at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

At March 31, 2008, 25 percent of the emerging markets exposure was in Latin America compared to 23 percent at December 31, 2007. Latin America emerging markets exposure increased by $250 million, driven primarily by higher loan and loan commitments in Mexico and higher cross-border other financing and securities and other investments exposures in Brazil as presented in Table 27. The carrying value of our investment in Banco Itaú accounted for $2.6 billion of exposure in Brazil at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. The March 31, 2008 equity investment in Banco Itaú represents seven percent of its outstanding voting and non-voting shares. Our investment in Banco Itaú is currently carried at cost and will be accounted for as AFS marketable equity securities and carried at fair value beginning in the second quarter of 2008. Our 24.9 percent investment in Santander accounted for $2.7 billion and $2.6 billion of exposure in Mexico at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

 

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses increased $4.8 billion to $6.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007.

The consumer portion of the provision for credit losses increased $3.6 billion to $4.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This increase was primarily driven by reserve increases and higher net charge-offs in our home equity and residential mortgage portfolios, reflective of deterioration in the housing markets particularly in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant declines in home prices. Portfolio seasoning and to a lesser extent the slowing economy resulted in reserve increases in the unsecured lending and domestic credit card portfolios. The absence of prior year reserve reductions that resulted from additions of higher loss profile accounts to the domestic credit card securitization trust also contributed to the increase in provision. Additionally, net charge-offs increased in other domestic consumer portfolios reflecting portfolio seasoning, the impacts of a slowing economy, particularly in geographic areas with the weakest housing markets, and higher bankruptcies.

The commercial portion of the provision for credit losses increased $1.2 billion to $1.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Reserves were increased for higher losses in the small business portfolio within GCSBB reflecting the impacts of a slowing economy, particularly in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant home price declines as well as seasoning of portions of the portfolio originated in periods of higher growth. The housing market slowdown also drove increases in the reserves on the homebuilder loan portfolio within GCIB. The first quarter of 2007 also included a reduction of reserves in All Other reflecting the sale of our Argentina portfolio. Additionally, net charge-offs were higher in the small business portfolios within GCSBB and the homebuilder loan portfolio in GCIB.

The provision for credit losses related to unfunded lending commitments was negative $11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007.

 

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Allowance for Credit Losses

 

 

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for loan and lease losses excludes loans measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 as subsequent mark-to-market adjustments related to loans measured at fair value include a credit risk component. The allowance for loan and lease losses is allocated based on two components. We evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses based on the combined total of these two components.

The first component of the allowance for loan and lease losses covers those commercial loans measured at historical cost that are either nonperforming or impaired. An allowance is allocated when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) are lower than the carrying value of that loan. For purposes of computing the specific loss component of the allowance, larger impaired loans are evaluated individually and smaller impaired loans are evaluated as a pool using historical loss experience for the respective product type and risk rating of the loans.

The second component of the allowance for loan and lease losses covers performing consumer and commercial loans and leases measured at historical cost. The allowance for commercial loan and lease losses is established by product type after analyzing historical loss experience by internal risk rating, current economic conditions, industry performance trends, geographic or obligor concentrations within each portfolio segment, and any other pertinent information. The commercial historical loss experience is updated quarterly to incorporate the most recent data reflective of the current economic environment. As of March 31, 2008, quarterly updating of historical loss experience did not have a material impact on the allowance for loan and lease losses. The allowance for consumer and certain homogeneous commercial loan and lease products is based on aggregated portfolio segment evaluations, generally by product type. Loss forecast models are utilized that consider a variety of factors including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, estimated defaults or foreclosures based on portfolio trends, delinquencies, economic trends and credit scores. These loss forecast models are updated on a quarterly basis in order to incorporate information reflective of the current economic environment. As of March 31, 2008, quarterly updating of the loss forecast models resulted in increases in the allowance for loan and lease losses driven by higher losses in the home equity and residential mortgage portfolios, reflective of deterioration in the housing markets and portfolio seasoning and to a lesser extent the impacts of the slowing economy on the domestic credit card and unsecured lending portfolios. Included within this second component of the allowance for loan and lease losses and determined separately from the procedures outlined above are reserves which are maintained to cover uncertainties that affect our estimate of probable losses including domestic and global economic uncertainty and large single name defaults.

We monitor differences between estimated and actual incurred loan and lease losses. This monitoring process includes periodic assessments by senior management of loan and lease portfolios and the models used to estimate incurred losses in those portfolios.

Additions to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Credit exposures deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan and lease losses. Recoveries of previously charged off amounts are credited to the allowance for loan and lease losses.

The allowance for loan and lease losses for the consumer portfolio as presented in Table 29 was $9.2 billion at March 31, 2008, an increase of $2.5 billion from December 31, 2007. This increase was primarily driven by reserve increases related to higher losses in our home equity and residential mortgage portfolios. Portfolio seasoning and to a lesser extent the slowing economy resulted in reserve increases in the unsecured lending and domestic consumer credit card portfolios. For further discussion, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 115.

The allowance for commercial loan and lease losses was $5.6 billion at March 31, 2008, an $817 million increase from December 31, 2007. The increase in allowance levels was driven by higher losses in the small business portfolio within GCSBB and reserve increases on the homebuilder loan portfolio within GCIB. For further discussion, see Provision for Credit Losses beginning on page 115.

The allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding was 1.71 percent at March 31, 2008, compared to 1.33 percent at December 31, 2007. The increase in the ratio was primarily driven by reserve increases for higher losses in the home equity, residential mortgage and commercial homebuilder loan portfolios, reflective of deterioration in the housing markets particularly in geographic areas that have experienced the most significant home

 

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price declines. Reserve increases for portfolio seasoning and the impacts of a slowing economy on the Card Services’ small business, unsecured lending and domestic credit card portfolios also contributed to the higher ratio.

 

Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments

In addition to the allowance for loan and lease losses, we also estimate probable losses related to unfunded lending commitments measured at historical cost, such as letters of credit and financial guarantees, and binding unfunded loan commitments. Unfunded lending commitments are subject to the same assessment as funded loans, except utilization assumptions are considered. The reserve for unfunded lending commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet with changes to the reserve generally made through the provision for credit losses.

The reserve for unfunded lending commitments at March 31, 2008 was $507 million compared to $518 million at December 31, 2007.

 

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Table 28 presents a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

  Table 28   
  Allowance for Credit Losses   
     Three Months Ended March 31     

  (Dollars in millions)

   2008         2007     

  Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1

   $11,588       $9,016   

  Adjustment due to the adoption of SFAS 159

   -       (32)   

  Loans and leases charged off

           

  Residential mortgage

   (85)       (13)   

  Credit card – domestic

   (950)       (899)   

  Credit card – foreign

   (135)       (102)   

  Home equity

   (582)       (20)   

  Direct/Indirect consumer

   (719)       (405)   

  Other consumer

   (103)       (68)   

  Total consumer charge-offs

   (2,574)         (1,507)     

  Commercial – domestic (1)

   (470)       (214)   

  Commercial real estate

   (108)       (4)   

  Commercial lease financing

   (21)       (10)   

  Commercial – foreign

   (7)       (8)   

  Total commercial charge-offs

   (606)         (236)     

  Total loans and leases charged off

   (3,180)         (1,743)     

  Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off

           

  Residential mortgage

   19       7   

  Credit card – domestic

   103       93   

  Credit card – foreign

   26       14   

  Home equity

   86       3   

  Direct/Indirect consumer

   164       126   

  Other consumer

   17       20   

  Total consumer recoveries

   415         263     

  Commercial – domestic (2)

   29       30   

  Commercial real estate

   1       1   

  Commercial lease financing

   6       11   

  Commercial – foreign

   14       11   

  Total commercial recoveries

   50         53     

  Total recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off

   465       316   

  Net charge-offs

   (2,715)         (1,427)     

  Provision for loan and lease losses

   6,021       1,228   

  Other

   (3)       (53)   

  Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31

   14,891         8,732     

  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 1

   518       397   

  Adjustment due to the adoption of SFAS 159

   -       (28)   

  Provision for unfunded lending commitments

   (11)       7   

  Other

   -       (2)   

  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31

   507         374     

  Allowance for credit losses, March 31

   $15,398         $9,106     

  Loans and leases outstanding measured at historical cost at March 31

   $868,813         $719,774     

  Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding measured at historical cost at
March 31 (3)

   1.71    %    1.21    %

  Consumer allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total consumer loans and leases outstanding at March 31

   1.70       1.11   

  Commercial allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total commercial loans and leases outstanding measured at historical cost at March 31 (3)

   1.74       1.42   

  Average loans and leases outstanding measured at historical cost during the period

   $870,980       $714,042   

  Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding measured at historical cost during the
period (3)

   1.25    %    0.81    %

  Allowance for loan and lease losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans and leases measured at historical cost at March 31

   203       443   

  Ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses at March 31 to annualized net charge-offs

   1.36         1.51     
 

(1)  

Includes small business commercial – domestic charge-offs of $368 million and $171 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

(2)  

Includes small business commercial – domestic recoveries of $9 million and $11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

(3)  

Ratios do not include loans measured at fair value in accordance with SFAS 159 at and for the periods ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. Loans measured at fair value were $5.1 billion and $3.9 billion at March 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

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For reporting purposes, we allocate the allowance for credit losses across products. However, the allowance is available to absorb any credit losses without restriction. Table 29 presents our allocation by product type.

 

  Table 29   
  Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses by Product Type   
     March 31, 2008              December 31, 2007     

  (Dollars in millions)

   Amount    Percent of Total              Amount    Percent of Total     

  Allowance for loan and lease losses

                    

  Residential mortgage

   $394    2.6    %       $207    1.8    %

  Credit card – domestic

   3,182    21.4          2,919    25.2   

  Credit card – foreign

   472    3.2          441    3.8   

  Home equity

   2,549    17.1          963    8.3   

  Direct/Indirect consumer

   2,485    16.7          2,077    17.9   

  Other consumer

   162    1.1          151    1.3   

  Total consumer

   9,244    62.1              6,758    58.3     

  Commercial – domestic (1)

   3,878    26.0          3,194    27.6   

  Commercial real estate

   1,206    8.1          1,083    9.3   

  Commercial lease financing

   227    1.5          218    1.9   

  Commercial – foreign

   336    2.3          335    2.9   

  Total commercial (2)

   5,647    37.9              4,830    41.7     

  Allowance for loan and lease losses

   14,891    100.0    %       11,588    100.0    %

  Reserve for unfunded lending commitments

   507             518      

  Allowance for credit losses

   $15,398                   $12,106          

  (1)

Includes allowance for small business commercial – domestic loans of $2.0 billion and $1.4 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

  (2)

Includes allowance for loan and lease losses for impaired commercial loans of $242 million and $123 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

Market Risk Management

Market risk is the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions such as market movements. This risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations and/or activities including loans, deposits, securities, short-term borrowings, long-term debt, trading account assets and liabilities, and derivatives. Market-sensitive assets and liabilities are generated through loans and deposits associated with our traditional banking business, customer and proprietary trading operations, ALM process, credit risk mitigation activities and mortgage banking activities. In the event of market volatility, factors such as underlying market movements and liquidity have an impact on the results of the Corporation. More detailed information on our market risk management process is included on pages 61 through 68 of MD&A filed in the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

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Trading Risk Management

Trading-related revenues represent the amount earned from trading positions, including market-based net interest income, which are taken in a diverse range of financial instruments and markets. Trading account assets and liabilities and derivative positions are reported at fair value. For more information on fair value, see Note 14 – Fair Value Disclosures to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Trading-related revenues can be volatile and are largely driven by general market conditions and customer demand. Trading-related revenues are dependent on the volume and type of transactions, the level of risk assumed, and the volatility of price and rate movements at any given time within the ever-changing market environment.

The GRC, chaired by the Global Markets Risk Executive, has been designated by ALCO as the primary governance authority for Global Markets Risk Management including trading risk management. The GRC’s focus is to take a forward-looking view of the primary credit and market risks impacting CMAS and prioritize those that need a proactive risk mitigation strategy.

At the GRC meetings, the committee considers significant daily revenues and losses by business along with an explanation of the primary driver of the revenue or loss. Thresholds are established for each of our businesses in order to determine if the revenue or loss is considered to be significant for that business. If any of the thresholds are exceeded, an explanation of the variance is made to the GRC. The thresholds are developed in coordination with the respective risk managers to highlight those revenues or losses which exceed what is considered to be normal daily income statement volatility.

The following histogram is a graphic depiction of trading volatility and illustrates the daily level of trading-related revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared with the three months ended December 31, 2007. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 57 percent of the trading days, 33 percent of the trading days had losses greater than $10 million, and the largest loss was $98 million. This can be compared to the three months ended December 31, 2007, where, excluding the discrete dates discussed below, positive trading-related revenue was recorded for 42 percent of the trading days, 45 percent of the trading days had losses greater than $10 million, and the largest loss was $149 million.

During the second half of 2007, CDO-related markets experienced significant illiquidity impacting the availability and reliability of transparent pricing resulting in the valuation of CDOs becoming more complex and time consuming. Accordingly, it was not possible to mark these positions to market on a daily basis. As a result, during the three months ended December 31, 2007, we recorded valuation adjustments in trading account profits (losses) of approximately $4.0 billion on certain discrete dates relating to our super senior CDO exposure. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we continued to take writedowns on our CDO exposure, but revalued these positions on a more regular basis, and therefore no CDO-related losses were excluded from the following table for the three months ended March 31, 2008. For more information on our CDO exposure and related losses, see the CDO discussion beginning on page 67.

 

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LOGO

To evaluate risk in our trading activities, we focus on the actual and potential volatility of individual positions as well as portfolios. VAR is a key statistic used to measure market risk. In order to manage day-to-day risks, VAR is subject to trading limits both for our overall trading portfolio and within individual businesses. All limit excesses are communicated to management for review.

A VAR model simulates the value of a portfolio under a range of hypothetical scenarios in order to generate a distribution of potential gains and losses. The VAR represents the worst loss the portfolio is expected to experience based on historical trends with a given level of confidence. VAR depends on the volatility of the positions in the portfolio and on how strongly their risks are correlated. Within any VAR model, there are significant and numerous assumptions that will differ from company to company. In addition, the accuracy of a VAR model depends on the availability and quality of historical data for each of the positions in the portfolio. A VAR model may require additional modeling assumptions for new products which do not have extensive historical price data, or for illiquid positions for which accurate daily prices are not consistently available. Our VAR model uses a historical simulation approach based on three years of historical data and assumes a 99 percent confidence level. Statistically, this means that losses will exceed VAR, on average, one out of 100 trading days, or two to three times each year.

A VAR model is an effective tool in estimating ranges of potential gains and losses on our trading portfolios. There are however many limitations inherent in a VAR model as it utilizes historical results over a defined time period to estimate future performance. Historical results may not always be indicative of future results and changes in market conditions or in the composition of the underlying portfolio could have a material impact on the accuracy of the VAR model. This was of particular relevance during the second half of 2007 when markets experienced a period of extreme illiquidity resulting in losses that were far outside of the normal loss forecasts by VAR models. As such, from time to time, we update the assumptions and historical data underlying our VAR model. During the first quarter of 2008, we increased the frequency with which we update the historical data to a weekly basis. Previously, this was updated on a quarterly basis.

Due to the limitations mentioned above, we have historically used the VAR model as only one of the components in managing our trading risk and also use other techniques such as stress testing and desk level limits. Periods of extreme market stress influence the reliability of these techniques to various degrees. See discussion on stress testing below.

On a quarterly basis, the accuracy of the VAR methodology is reviewed by backtesting (i.e., comparing actual results against expectations derived from historical data) the VAR results against the daily profit and loss. Graphic representation of the backtesting results with additional explanation of backtesting excesses are reported to the GRC. Backtesting

 

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excesses occur when trading losses exceed the VAR. Senior management reviews and evaluates the results of these tests.

The following graph shows daily trading-related revenue and VAR, excluding the discrete writedowns on our super senior CDO exposure taken in the fourth quarter of 2007, for the twelve months ended March 31, 2008. Excluding these writedowns, actual losses exceeded daily trading VAR fourteen times in the twelve months ended March 31, 2008 and losses did not exceed daily trading VAR in the twelve months ended March 31, 2007. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we continued to take writedowns on our CDO exposure, but revalued these positions on a more regular basis, and therefore no CDO-related losses were excluded from the following graph for the three months ended March 31, 2008. The losses that exceeded daily trading VAR for the twelve months ended March 31, 2008, occurred during the market disruption which took place during the second half of 2007. Our increase in total trading VAR resulted from sharply increased volatility in the markets over the past three quarters, despite a reduction in our exposure.

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Table 30 presents average, high and low daily trading VAR for the three months ended March 31, 2008, December 31, 2007 and March 31, 2007.

 

Table 30
Trading Activities Market Risk
    

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2008

      

Three Months Ended

December 31, 2007

      

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2007

     VAR        VAR (1)        VAR
  (Dollars in millions)    Average    High (2)    Low (2)         Average    High (2)    Low (2)         Average    High (2)    Low (2)

  Foreign exchange

   $6.7      $9.5    $5.0      $7.2      $9.5    $5.3      $8.5      $25.3    $4.1

  Interest rate

   19.1      28.7    12.4      13.8      24.8    9.3      10.6      17.5    6.6

  Credit

   67.9      102.7    44.1      49.7      64.6    34.2      29.7      38.1    23.4

  Real estate/mortgage

   20.0      28.0    15.4      18.5      21.2    15.9      10.5      16.7    5.7

  Equities

   26.8      33.2    20.9      26.3      45.8    16.8      16.4      32.1    9.6

  Commodities

   9.5      12.5    6.6      8.6      10.7    6.1      6.2      9.6    3.7

  Portfolio diversification

   (59.9)      -    -      (54.3)      -    -      (40.8)      -    -

Total market-based trading portfolio (3)

   $90.1      $133.6    $64.1        $69.8      $97.2    $45.5        $41.1      $52.9    $32.9

 

 

(1)  

Excludes our discrete writedowns on super senior CDO exposure. For more information on the CDO writedowns and the impact of the market disruption on the Corporation’s results, see the CDO discussion beginning on page 67.

 

 

(2)  

The high and low for the total portfolio may not equal the sum of the individual components as the highs or lows of the individual portfolios may have occurred on different trading days.

 

 

(3)  

For a discussion of the VAR related to the credit derivatives that economically hedge the loan portfolio, see Industry Concentrations beginning on page 110. Additionally, the table above does not include credit protection purchased to manage our counterparty credit risk. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the average VAR of this protection was $48 million.

 

The increase in average VAR from March 31, 2007 was driven by the increased market volatility that started during the second half of 2007 and continued into the first quarter of 2008, despite a reduction in our exposures over these periods. As discussed above, we updated our VAR model during the first quarter of 2008 and as the increased market volatility was incorporated into the historical price data, the level of VAR increased substantially. In periods of market stress, the GRC members communicate daily to discuss losses and VAR limit excesses. As a result of this process, the lines of business may selectively reduce risk. Where economically feasible, positions are sold or macro economic hedges are executed to reduce the exposure.

 

 

 Stress Testing

Because the very nature of a VAR model suggests results can exceed our estimates, we also “stress test” our portfolio. Stress testing estimates the value change in our trading portfolio that may result from abnormal market movements. Various types of stress tests are run regularly against the overall trading portfolio and individual businesses. Historical scenarios simulate the impact of price changes which occurred during a set of extended historical market events. The results of these scenarios are reported daily to management. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the largest daily losses among the historical scenarios ranged from $133 million to $525 million. This can be compared with losses from $122 million to $520 million during the three months ended December 31, 2007. Hypothetical scenarios simulate the anticipated shocks from predefined market stress events. These stress events include shocks to underlying market risk variables which may be well beyond the shocks found in the historical data used to calculate the VAR. In addition to the value afforded by the results themselves this information provides senior management with a clear picture of the trend of risk being taken given the relatively static nature of the shocks applied. The results of these stress tests point to a broad decrease in risk taken during the three months ended March 31, 2008. During the quarter ended March 31, 2008, the largest losses among these scenarios ranged from $478 million to $555 million. This is down from $767 million to $1.5 billion in the prior quarter.

 

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Interest Rate Risk Management for Nontrading Activities

Interest rate risk represents the most significant market risk exposure to our nontrading exposures. Our overall goal is to manage interest rate risk so that movements in interest rates do not adversely affect core net interest income – managed basis. Interest rate risk is measured as the potential volatility in our core net interest income – managed basis caused by changes in market interest rates. Client facing activities, primarily lending and deposit-taking, create interest rate sensitive positions on our balance sheet. Interest rate risk from these activities, as well as the impact of changing market conditions, is managed through our ALM activities.

Simulations are used to estimate the impact on core net interest income – managed basis using numerous interest rate scenarios, balance sheet trends and strategies. These simulations evaluate how the above mentioned scenarios impact core net interest income – managed basis on short-term financial instruments, debt securities, loans, deposits, borrowings, and derivative instruments. In addition, these simulations incorporate assumptions about balance sheet dynamics such as loan and deposit growth and pricing, changes in funding mix, and asset and liability repricing and maturity characteristics. These simulations do not include the impact of hedge ineffectiveness.

Management analyzes core net interest income – managed basis forecasts utilizing different rate scenarios, with the base case utilizing the forward interest rates. Management frequently updates the core net interest income – managed basis forecast for changing assumptions and differing outlooks based on economic trends and market conditions. Thus, we continually monitor our balance sheet position in an effort to maintain an acceptable level of exposure to interest rate changes.

We prepare forward-looking forecasts of core net interest income – managed basis. These baseline forecasts take into consideration expected future business growth, ALM positioning, and the direction of interest rate movements as implied by forward interest rates. We then measure and evaluate the impact that alternative interest rate scenarios have to these static baseline forecasts in order to assess interest rate sensitivity under varied conditions. The spot and 12-month forward monthly rates used in our respective baseline forecasts at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 were as follows:

 

  Table 31  
  Forward Rates  
     March 31, 2008     December 31, 2007  
      Federal Funds         Ten-Year Swap         Federal Funds         Ten-Year Swap      

  Spot rates

   2.25     %   4.08     %   4.25     %   4.67     %

  12-month forward rates

   1.75         4.38         3.13         4.79      

 

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The following table reflects the pre-tax dollar impact to forecasted core net interest income – managed basis over the next twelve months from March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, resulting from a 100 bp gradual parallel increase, a 100 bp gradual parallel decrease, a 100 bp gradual curve flattening (increase in short-term rates or decrease in long-term rates) and a 100 bp gradual curve steepening (decrease in short-term rates or increase in long-term rates) from the forward market curve. For further discussion of core net interest income – managed basis see page 52.

 

  Table 32
  Estimated Core Net Interest Income – Managed Basis at Risk
  (Dollars in millions)                  March 31        December 31
  Curve Change        Short Rate        Long Rate      2008      2007

  +100 Parallel shift

   +100    +100    $(865)    $(952)  

  -100 Parallel shift

   -100    -100    527    865  

  Flatteners

           

Short end

   +100    -    (1,153)    (1,127)  

Long end

   -    -100    (614)    (386)  

  Steepeners

           

Short end

   -100    -    1,112    1,255  

Long end

   -    +100    275    181  

 

The sensitivity analysis above assumes that we take no action in response to these rate shifts over the indicated years. The estimated exposure is reported on a managed basis and reflects impacts that may be realized primarily in net interest income and card income. This sensitivity analysis excludes any impact that could occur in the valuation of retained interests in the Corporation’s securitizations due to changes in interest rate levels. For additional information on securitizations, see Note 8 – Securitizations to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our core net interest income – managed basis was liability sensitive at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Beyond what is already implied in the forward market curve, the interest rate risk position has become less exposed to rising rates since December 31, 2007. Over a 12-month horizon, we would benefit from falling rates or a steepening of the yield curve beyond what is already implied in the forward market curve.

As part of our ALM activities, we use securities, residential mortgages, and interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives in managing interest rate sensitivity.

 

 

 Securities

The securities portfolio is an integral part of our ALM position. The portfolio is primarily comprised of debt securities and includes mortgage-backed securities and to a lesser extent corporate, municipal and other investment grade debt securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, we purchased AFS debt securities of $35.1 billion and $2.9 billion, sold $26.3 billion and $4.1 billion, and had maturities and received paydowns of $5.2 billion and $5.6 billion. We realized gains of $225 million and $62 million on sales of debt securities during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.

The amount of our accumulated OCI loss related to AFS debt securities increased by a pre-tax amount of $362 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008, driven by a decline in the value of municipal and foreign securities, and partially offset by unrealized gains associated with mortgage backed securities. For those securities that are in an unrealized loss position we have the intent and ability to hold these securities to recovery.

Accumulated OCI includes $4.8 billion in after-tax gains at March 31, 2008, related to unrealized gains associated with our AFS securities portfolio, including $2.1 billion of unrealized losses related to AFS debt securities and $6.9 billion of unrealized gains related to AFS marketable equity securities. Total market value of the AFS debt securities was $221.9 billion at March 31, 2008 with a weighted average duration of 5.5 years and primarily relates to our mortgage-backed securities portfolio.

 

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Prospective changes to the accumulated OCI amounts for the AFS securities portfolio will be driven by further interest rate, credit or price fluctuations (including market value fluctuations associated with our CCB investment), the collection of cash flows including prepayment and maturity activity, and the passage of time. Shares of the Corporation’s strategic investment in CCB are carried at a fair value of $14.3 billion and the unrealized gain on this investment of $7.2 billion net-of-tax is subject to currency and price fluctuation, and is recorded in accumulated OCI.

 

 

 Residential Mortgage Portfolio

During the three months ended March 31, 2008, we purchased $44 million of residential mortgages related to ALM activities compared to purchases of $16.5 billion during the same period in 2007. We also added $12.6 billion and $18.1 billion of originated residential mortgages and we sold $8.4 billion and $11.3 billion of residential mortgages during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, which included $5.6 billion and $8.0 billion of originated residential mortgages, resulting in gains of $158 million and $122 million. Additionally, we received paydowns of $8.2 billion and $7.3 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007. The ending balance at March 31, 2008 was $266.1 billion compared to $254.8 billion at March 31, 2007.

 

 

 Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts

Interest rate and foreign exchange derivative contracts are utilized in our ALM activities and serve as an efficient tool to mitigate our interest rate and foreign exchange risk. We use derivatives to hedge the variability in cash flows or changes in fair value on our balance sheet due to interest rate and foreign exchange components. For additional information on our hedging activities, see Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our interest rate contracts are generally non-leveraged generic interest rate and foreign exchange basis swaps, options, futures, and forwards. In addition, we use foreign exchange contracts, including cross-currency interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts, to mitigate the foreign exchange risk associated with foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities, as well as certain equity investments in foreign subsidiaries. Table 33 reflects the notional amounts, fair value, weighted average receive fixed and pay fixed rates, expected maturity, and average estimated duration of our open ALM derivatives at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

Changes to the composition of our derivatives portfolio during the three months ended March 31, 2008 reflect actions taken for interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk management. The decisions to reposition our derivative portfolio are based upon the current assessment of economic and financial conditions including the interest rate environment, balance sheet composition and trends, and the relative mix of our cash and derivative positions. Our interest rate swap positions (including foreign exchange contracts) changed to a net receive fixed position of $62.2 billion on March 31, 2008 compared to a net receive fixed position of $101.9 billion on December 31, 2007. Changes in the notional levels of our interest rate swap position were driven by the net termination and maturity of $37.8 billion in U.S. dollar denominated receive fixed swaps, and the net termination of $2.0 billion in foreign denominated receive fixed swaps. The notional amount of our foreign exchange basis swaps increased $2.9 billion to $57.5 billion at March 31, 2008 from December 31, 2007. The notional amount of our option position was $140.1 billion at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

The following table includes derivatives utilized in our ALM activities, including those designated as SFAS 133 accounting hedges and economic hedges. The fair value of net ALM contracts increased $4.6 billion from a gain of $6.1 billion at December 31, 2007 to a gain of $10.7 billion at March 31, 2008. The increase was primarily attributable to gains from changes in the value of foreign exchange basis swaps of $3.5 billion, U.S. dollar denominated receive fixed interest rate swaps of $1.3 billion and foreign exchange contracts of $501 million. These gains were partially offset by losses from changes in the value of pay fixed interest rate swaps of $486 million and option products of $215 million. The increase in the value of foreign exchange basis swaps was mostly attributable to the strengthening of most foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar during the three months ended March 31, 2008. The increase in the value of U.S. dollar denominated receive fixed interest rate swaps and the decrease in the value of the pay fixed interest rate swaps were due to decreases in interest rates during the three month ended March 31, 2008. Foreign exchange contracts increased in value due to the decrease in foreign interest rates coupled with the continued weakening of the dollar against foreign currencies. The decrease in the value of the option portfolio was attributable to decreases in interest rates during the three months ended March 31, 2008.

 

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  Table 33  
  Asset and Liability Management Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Contracts
    March 31, 2008          
    Expected Maturity    

  (Dollars in millions, average

  estimated duration in years)

  Fair
Value
  Total       2008       2009       2010       2011       2012       Thereafter       Average  
Estimated  
Duration  

  Receive fixed interest rate swaps (1, 2)

  $2,315                                   5.13  

 

  Notional amount

    $44,199     $12,067     $3,908     $3,252     $1,630     $2,508     $20,834    

 

  Weighted average fixed rate

    4.36   %   2.59   %   4.16   %   4.35   %   4.50   %   4.88   %   5.34   %  

  Pay fixed interest rate swaps (1)

  (915)                                   5.67  

 

  Notional amount

    $11,340     $-     $-     $-     $-     $1,000     $10,340    

 

  Weighted average fixed rate

    5.04   %   -   %   -   %   -   %   -   %   5.45   %   5.00   %  

  Foreign exchange basis swaps (2, 3, 4)

  9,634                                  

 

  Notional amount

    $57,461     $1,131     $4,807     $6,197     $4,484     $9,351     $31,491    

  Option products (5)

  (370)                                  

 

  Notional amount

    140,124     130,000     10,000     83     -     -     41    

  Foreign exchange contracts (2, 4, 6)

  2                                  

  Notional amount (7)

    29,119     4     2,286     4,413     1,271     3,455     17,690    

 

  Futures and forward rate contracts

  -                                  

  Notional amount (7)

      (200)     (200)     -     -     -     -     -    

 

  Net ALM contracts

  $10,666                                                                
                                                                 
  December 31, 2007                                
    Expected Maturity    

  (Dollars in millions, average

  estimated duration in years)

  Fair

Value

  Total       2008       2009       2010       2011       2012       Thereafter       Average  
Estimated  
Duration  

  Receive fixed interest rate swaps (1, 2)

  $992                                   3.70  

 

  Notional amount

    $81,965     $4,869     $48,908     $3,252     $1,630     $2,508     $20,798    

 

  Weighted average fixed rate

    4.34   %   4.03   %   3.91   %   4.35   %   4.50   %   4.88   %   5.34   %  

  Pay fixed interest rate swaps (1)

  (429)                                   5.37  

 

  Notional amount

    $11,340     $-     $-     $-     $-     $1,000     $10,340    

 

  Weighted average fixed rate

    5.04   %   -   %   -   %   -   %   -   %   5.45   %   5.00   %  

  Foreign exchange basis swaps (2, 3, 4)

  6,164                                  

 

  Notional amount

    $54,531     $2,537     $4,463     $5,839     $4,294     $8,695     $28,703    

  Option products (5)

  (155)                                  

 

  Notional amount

    140,114     130,000     10,000     76     -     -     38    

  Foreign exchange contracts (2, 4, 6)

  (499)                                  

  Notional amount (7)

    31,054     1,438     2,047     4,171     1,235     3,150     19,013    

 

  Futures and forward rate contracts

  (3)                                  

  Notional amount (7)

      752     752     -     -     -     -     -    

  Net ALM contracts

  $6,070                                                                

 

 

(1)  

At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the receive fixed interest rate swap notional that represented forward starting swaps and will not be effective until their respective contractual start dates were $10.0 billion and $45.0 billion. There were no forward starting pay fixed swap positions at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

 

(2)  

Does not include basis adjustments on fixed rate debt issued by the Corporation and hedged under fair value hedge relationships pursuant to SFAS 133 that substantially offset the fair values of these derivatives.

 

 

(3)  

Foreign exchange basis swaps consist of cross-currency variable interest rate swaps used separately or in conjunction with receive fixed interest rate swaps.

 

 

(4)  

Does not include foreign currency translation adjustments on certain foreign debt issued by the Corporation which substantially offset the fair values of these derivatives.

 

 

(5)  

Option products of $140.1 billion at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 are comprised of $120.1 billion in purchased caps and $20.0 billion in sold floors.

 

 

(6)  

Foreign exchange contracts include foreign-denominated and cross-currency receive fixed interest rate swaps as well as foreign currency forward rate contracts. Total notional was comprised of $29.3 billion in foreign-denominated and cross-currency receive fixed swaps and $173 million in foreign currency forward rate contracts at March 31, 2008, and $31.3 billion in foreign-denominated and cross-currency receive fixed swaps and $211 million in foreign currency forward rate contracts at December 31, 2007.

 

 

(7)  

Reflects the net of long and short positions.

The Corporation uses interest rate derivative instruments to hedge the variability in the cash flows of its assets and liabilities, and other forecasted transactions (cash flow hedges). From time to time, the Corporation also utilizes equity-indexed derivatives accounted for as SFAS 133 cash flow hedges to minimize exposure to price fluctuations on the forecasted purchase or sale of certain equity investments. The net losses on both open and terminated derivative instruments recorded in accumulated OCI, net-of-tax, was $4.7 billion at March 31, 2008. These net losses are expected to

 

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be reclassified into earnings in the same period when the hedged cash flows affect earnings and will decrease income or increase expense on the respective hedged cash flows. Assuming no change in open cash flow derivative hedge positions and no changes to prices or interest rates beyond what is implied in forward yield curves at March 31, 2008, the pre-tax net losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings as follows: $1.8 billion, or 24 percent within the next year, 71 percent within five years, and 90 percent within 10 years, with the remaining 10 percent thereafter. For more information on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, see Note 4 – Derivatives to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The amounts included in accumulated OCI for terminated interest rate derivative contracts were losses of $3.6 billion and $3.8 billion, net-of-tax, at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Losses on these terminated derivative contracts are reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

 

Mortgage Banking Risk Management

IRLCs and the related residential first mortgage LHFS are subject to interest rate risk between the date of the IRLC and the date the loans are sold to the secondary market. To hedge interest rate risk, we utilize forward loan sale commitments and other derivative instruments including purchased options. These instruments are used as economic hedges of IRLCs and residential first mortgage LHFS. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the notional amount of derivatives economically hedging the IRLCs and residential first mortgage LHFS was $27.8 billion and $18.6 billion. On January 1, 2008, we adopted SAB 109 which resulted in the recognition of $90 million in incremental mortgage banking income. For more information on the adoption of SAB 109, see Note 1Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We manage changes in the value of MSRs by entering into derivative financial instruments. MSRs are a nonfinancial asset created when the underlying mortgage loan is sold to investors and we retain the right to service the loan. We use certain derivatives such as options and interest rate swaps as economic hedges of MSRs. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the amount of MSRs identified as being hedged by derivatives was approximately $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion. The notional amount of the derivative contracts designated as economic hedges of MSRs at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $106.8 billion and $69.0 billion. For additional information on MSRs see Note 15 – Mortgage Servicing Rights to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Operational Risk Management

Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, including system conversions and integration, and external events. Successful operational risk management is particularly important to diversified financial services companies because of the nature, volume and complexity of the financial services business.

We approach operational risk from two perspectives: corporate-wide and line of business-specific. The Compliance and Operational Risk Committee provides oversight of significant corporate-wide operational and compliance issues. Within Global Risk Management, Enterprise Operational Risk Management develops policies, practices, controls and monitoring tools for assessing and managing operational risks across the Corporation. We also mitigate operational risk through a broad-based approach to process management and process improvement. Improvement efforts are focused on reduction of variation in outputs. We have a dedicated Quality and Productivity team to manage and certify the process management and improvement efforts. For selected risks, we use specialized support groups, such as Information Security and Supply Chain Management, to develop corporate-wide risk management practices, such as an information security program and a supplier program to ensure that suppliers adopt appropriate policies and procedures when performing work on behalf of the Corporation. These specialized groups also assist the lines of business in the development and implementation of risk management practices specific to the needs of the individual businesses. These groups also work with line of business executives and risk executives to develop appropriate policies, practices, controls and monitoring tools for each line of business. Through training and communication efforts, compliance and operational risk awareness is driven across the Corporation.

The lines of business are responsible for all the risks within the business line, including operational risks. Operational and Compliance Risk executives, working in conjunction with senior line of business executives, have developed key tools to help identify, measure, mitigate and monitor operational risk in each business line. Examples of these include personnel management practices, data reconciliation processes, fraud management units, transaction processing monitoring and

 

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analysis, business recovery planning and new product introduction processes. In addition, the lines of business are responsible for monitoring adherence to corporate practices. Line of business management uses a self-assessment process, which helps to identify and evaluate the status of risk and control issues, including mitigation plans, as appropriate. The goal of the self-assessment process is to periodically assess changing market and business conditions, to evaluate key operational risks impacting each line of business, and assess the controls in place to mitigate the risks. In addition to information gathered from the self-assessment process, key operational risk indicators have been developed and are used to help identify trends and issues on both a corporate and a line of business level.

 

Recent Accounting and Reporting Developments

In recent meetings, the FASB tentatively decided to amend SFAS 140 which would impact the accounting for QSPEs and make certain changes to FIN 46R. An exposure draft of the proposed requirements is expected later this year. Based on the preliminary discussions and tentative decisions, and assuming no changes to the Corporation’s current product offerings, it is possible that these changes may lead to the consolidation of certain QSPEs and VIEs, including corporation-sponsored multi-seller conduits. These consolidations may result in an increase in outstanding loans and on-balance sheet funding, higher provision and allowance for credit losses as well as changes in the timing of recognition and location of where items are classified on our income statement. In addition, regulatory capital amounts and ratios may be negatively impacted based on the outcome of the FASB’s decisions. However, the impact on the Corporation cannot be determined until the FASB passes the final amendments to SFAS 140 and FIN 46R.

See Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

 

Complex Accounting Estimates

Our significant accounting principles, as described in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, are essential in understanding the MD&A. Many of our significant accounting principles require complex judgments to estimate values of assets and liabilities. We have procedures and processes to facilitate making these judgments. For a complete discussion of our more judgmental and complex accounting estimates, see Complex Accounting Estimates on pages 68 through 71 of the MD&A of the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

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Glossary

Assets in Custody – Consist largely of custodial and non-discretionary trust assets administered for customers excluding brokerage assets. Trust assets encompass a broad range of asset types including real estate, private company ownership interest, personal property and investments.

Assets Under Management (AUM) – The total market value of assets under the investment advisory and discretion of Global Wealth and Investment Management which generate asset management fees based on a percentage of the assets’ market value. AUM reflects assets that are generally managed for institutional, high net-worth and retail clients and are distributed through various investment products including mutual funds, other commingled vehicles and separate accounts.

Bridge Loan – A loan or security which is expected to be replaced by permanent financing (debt or equity securities, loan syndication or asset sales) prior to the maturity date of the loan. Bridge loans may include an unfunded commitment, as well as funded amounts, and are generally expected to be retired in one year or less.

CDOs-Squared - A type of CDO where the underlying collateralizing securities include tranches of other CDOs.

Client Brokerage Assets – Include client assets which are held in brokerage accounts. This includes non-discretionary brokerage and fee-based assets which generate brokerage income and asset management fee revenue.

Committed Credit Exposure – Committed credit exposure includes any funded portion of a facility plus the unfunded portion of a facility on which the Corporation is legally bound to advance funds during a specified period under prescribed conditions.

Core Net Interest Income - Managed Basis – Net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis excluding the impact of market-based activities and certain securitizations.

Credit Default Swaps (CDS) – A derivative contract that provides protection against the deterioration of credit quality and would allow one party to receive payment in the event of default by a third party under a borrowing arrangement.

Derivative – A contract or agreement whose value is derived from changes in an underlying index such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates or prices of securities. Derivatives utilized by the Corporation include swaps, financial futures and forward settlement contracts, and option contracts.

Excess Servicing Income – For certain assets that have been securitized, interest income, fee revenue and recoveries in excess of interest paid to the investors, gross credit losses and other trust expenses related to the securitized receivables are all reclassified into excess servicing income, which is a component of card income. Excess servicing income also includes the changes in fair value of the Corporation’s card related retained interests.

Interest-only (IO) Strip – A residual interest in a securitization trust representing the right to receive future net cash flows from securitized assets after payments to third party investors and net credit losses. These arise when assets are transferred to a special purpose entity as part of an asset securitization transaction qualifying for sale treatment under GAAP.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments (IRLCs) – Commitment with a loan applicant in which the loan terms, including interest rate, are guaranteed for a designated period of time subject to credit approval.

Letter of Credit – A document issued by the Corporation on behalf of a customer to a third party promising to pay that third party upon presentation of specified documents. A letter of credit effectively substitutes the Corporation’s credit for that of the Corporation’s customer.

Managed Basis – Managed basis assumes that securitized loans were not sold and presents earnings on these loans in a manner similar to the way loans that have not been sold (i.e., held loans) are presented. Noninterest income, both on a held and managed basis, also includes the impact of adjustments to the interest-only strip that are recorded in card income.

Managed Net Losses – Represents net charge-offs on held loans combined with realized credit losses associated with the securitized loan portfolio.

 

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Mortgage Servicing Right (MSR) – The right to service a mortgage loan when the underlying loan is sold or securitized. Servicing includes collections for principal, interest and escrow payments from borrowers and accounting for and remitting principal and interest payments to investors.

Net Interest Yield – Net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

Operating Basis – A basis of presentation not defined by GAAP that excludes merger and restructuring charges.

Qualified Special Purpose Entity (QSPE) – A special purpose entity whose activities are strictly limited to holding and servicing financial assets and meet the requirements set forth in SFAS 140. A qualified special purpose entity is generally not required to be consolidated by any party.

Return on Average Common Shareholders’ Equity (ROE) – Measures the earnings contribution of a unit as a percentage of the shareholders’ equity allocated to that unit.

Return on Average Tangible Shareholders’ Equity (ROTE) – Measures the earnings contribution of a unit as a percentage of the shareholders’ equity allocated to that unit reduced by allocated goodwill.

Securitize / Securitization – A process by which financial assets are sold to a special purpose entity, which then issues securities collateralized by those underlying assets, and the return on the securities issued is based on the principal and interest cash flow of the underlying assets.

Structured Investment Vehicle (SIV) – An entity that issues short duration debt and uses the proceeds from the issuance to purchase longer-term fixed income securities.

Unrecognized Tax Benefit (UTB) – The difference between the benefit recognized for a tax position in accordance with FIN 48, which is measured as the largest dollar amount of that position that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon settlement, and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return.

Value-at-Risk (VAR) – A VAR model estimates a range of hypothetical scenarios to calculate a potential loss which is not expected to be exceeded with a specified confidence level. VAR is a key statistic used to measure and manage market risk.

Variable Interest Entities (VIE) – A term defined by FIN 46R for an entity whose equity investors do not have a controlling financial interest. The entity may not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from third parties. The equity investors may lack the ability to make significant decisions about the entity’s activities, or they may not absorb the losses or receive the residual returns generated by the assets and other contractual arrangements of the VIE. The entity that will absorb a majority of expected variability (the sum of the absolute values of the expected losses and expected residual returns) consolidates the VIE and is referred to as the primary beneficiary.

 

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Accounting Pronouncements
  SFAS 52  

Foreign Currency Translation

  SFAS 109  

Accounting for Income Taxes

  SFAS 133  

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended

  SFAS 140  

Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities – a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125

  SFAS 142  

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

  SFAS 157  

Fair Value Measurements

  SFAS 159  

The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

  FIN 46R  

Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (revised December 2003)—an interpretation of ARB No. 51

  FIN 48  

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109

  SAB 109  

Written Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value Through Earnings

  FSP 13-2  

Accounting for a Change or Projected Change in the Timing of Cash Flows Relating to Income Taxes Generated by a Leveraged Lease Transaction

  SOP 03-3

 

 

Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer

 

Acronyms

 

  ABS

 

Asset-backed securities

  AFS  

Available-for-sale

  AICPA  

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants

  ALCO  

Asset and Liability Committee

  ALM  

Asset and liability management

  CDO  

Collateralized debt obligation

  CLO  

Collateralized loan obligation

  CMBS  

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

  CRC  

Credit Risk Committee

  EPS  

Earnings per common share

  FASB  

Financial Accounting Standards Board

  FDIC  

Federal Deposit and Insurance Corporation

  FFIEC  

Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council

  FIN  

Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation

  FRB  

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

  FSP  

Financial Accounting Standards Board Staff Position

  FTE  

Fully taxable-equivalent

  GAAP  

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States

  GRC  

Global Markets Risk Committee

  IPO  

Initial public offering

  LHFS  

Loans held-for-sale

  LIBOR  

London InterBank Offered Rate

  MD&A  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

  OCC  

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

  OCI  

Other comprehensive income

  SBLCs  

Standby letters of credit

  SEC  

Securities and Exchange Commission

  SFAS  

Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standards

  SOP  

American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position

  SPE  

Special purpose entity

 

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Market Risk Management beginning on page 119 and the sections referenced therein for Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

 

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

The Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the Exchange Act securities laws is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

As of the end of the period covered by this report and pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness and design of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded, as of the end of the period covered by this report, that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting information required to be disclosed by the Corporation, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

 

Changes in internal controls

In addition and as of the end of the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for litigation and regulatory disclosure that supplements the disclosure in the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in the Corporation’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and the Use of Proceeds

The table below presents share repurchase activity for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, including total common shares repurchased under announced programs, weighted average per share price and the remaining buyback authority under announced programs. For additional information on shareholders’ equity and earnings per common share, see Note 12 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

    (Dollars in millions, except per share information;

    shares in thousands)

   Common Shares
Repurchased (1)
   

Weighted

Average Per

Share Price

       Remaining Buyback Authority (2)  
            Amounts    Shares  
   

    January 1 - 31, 2008

   -     -      $13,480    189,358  

    February 1 - 29, 2008

   -     -      13,480    189,358  

    March 1 - 31, 2008

   -      -      13,480    189,358  

Three months ended March 31, 2008

   -     -                

    (Dollars in millions, except per share information;

    shares in thousands)

  

Common Shares

Repurchased (3)

    Weighted Average
Per Share Price
       Remaining Buyback Authority (2)  
          Amounts    Shares  
   

    January 1 - 31, 2007

   11,800     $53.17      $18,246    251,288   

    February 1 - 28, 2007

   17,750     53.04      17,304    233,538  

    March 1 - 31, 2007

   18,450     50.86      16,366    215,088  

Three months ended March 31, 2007

   48,000     52.23                

 

 

(1)  

There were no share repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2008.

 

(2)  

On January 24, 2007, the Board of Directors (the Board) authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 200 million shares of the Corporation's common stock at an aggregate cost not to exceed $14.0 billion. This stock repurchase program will expire in the third quarter of 2008. On April 26, 2006, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 200 million shares of the Corporation's common stock at an aggregate cost not to exceed $12.0 billion and to be completed within a period of 12 to 18 months. This stock repurchase plan was completed during the third quarter of 2007.

 

(3)  

Reduced shareholders’ equity by $2.5 billion and increased diluted earnings per common share by less than $0.01 for the three months ended March 31, 2007. These repurchases were partially offset by the issuance of approximately 28.9 million shares of common stock under employee plans, which increased shareholders’ equity by $1.1 billion, net of $401 million of deferred compensation related to restricted stock awards, and decreased diluted earnings per common share by $0.01 for the three months ended March 31, 2007.

 

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Item 6. Exhibits

 

Exhibit 3(a)  

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as in effect on the date hereof

Exhibit 3(b)  

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as in effect on the date hereof, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 24, 2007

Exhibit 4(a)  

Certificate of Designations of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series K, of the Registrant, included in Exhibit 3(a) hereof

Exhibit 4(b)  

Certificate of Designations of 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L, of the Registrant, included in Exhibit 3(a) hereof

Exhibit 4(c)  

Certificate of Designations of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series M, of the Registrant, included in Exhibit 3(a) hereof

Exhibit 11  

Earnings Per Share Computation - included in Note 12 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Exhibit 12  

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges

 

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends

Exhibit 31(a)  

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 31(b)  

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32(a)  

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32(b)  

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

  Bank of America Corporation  
  Registrant  
Date: May 8, 2008   /s/ Neil A. Cotty  
  Neil A. Cotty  
  Chief Accounting Officer  
  (Duly Authorized Officer)  

 

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Bank of America Corporation

Form 10-Q

Index to Exhibits

 

Exhibit      Description

3(a)

    

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as in effect on the date hereof

3(b)

    

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as in effect on the date hereof, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 24, 2007

4(a)

    

Certificate of Designations of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series K, of the Registrant, included in Exhibit 3(a) hereof

4(b)

    

Certificate of Designations of 7.25% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, Series L, of the Registrant, included in Exhibit 3(a) hereof

4(c)

    

Certificate of Designations of Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series M, of the Registrant, included in Exhibit 3(a) hereof

11

    

Earnings Per Share Computation - included in Note 12 – Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements

12

    

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends

31(a)

    

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31(b)

    

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32(a)

    

Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32(b)

    

Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

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