Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement Nos. 333-224495 and 333-224495-03

April 30, 2019  Medium-Term Senior Notes, Series N Pricing Supplement No. 2019-USNCH2202 to Product Supplement No. EA-02-08  dated February 15, 2019 and Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus each dated May 14, 2018

 

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. All Payments Due from Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.

Market Linked Securities—Leveraged Upside Participation to a Cap and Fixed Percentage Buffered Downside Principal at Risk Securities Linked to an ETF Basket due May 3, 2024

n  Linked to an ETF basket (the “basket”) comprised of the SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust (50%); the iShares® Russell 2000 ETF (15%); the iShares® MSCI EAFE ETF (15%); the iShares® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (10%); the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund (5%); and the Vanguard® Real Estate ETF (5%) (each, an “underlying”)   n  Unlike ordinary debt securities, the securities do not pay interest or repay a fixed amount of principal at maturity. Instead, the securities provide for a payment at maturity that may be greater than, equal to or less than the stated principal amount of the securities, depending on the performance of the basket from the initial basket value to the final basket value, subject to the maximum return at maturity. The payment at maturity will reflect the following terms:   n  If the value of the basket increases, you will receive the stated principal amount plus 125% participation in the upside performance of the basket, subject to a maximum total return at maturity of 53% (the “maximum return at maturity”) of the stated principal amount   n  If the value of the basket decreases, but the decrease is not more than 15% (the “buffer percentage”), you will be repaid the stated principal amount   n  If the value of the basket decreases by more than the buffer percentage, you will receive less than the stated principal amount and have 1-to-1 downside exposure to the decrease in the value of the basket in excess of the buffer percentage   n  Investors may lose up to 85% of the stated principal amount   n  All payments on the securities are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc.; if Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. default on their obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment   n  No periodic interest payments or dividends   n  The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and, accordingly, may have limited or no liquidity. You should not invest in the securities unless you are willing to hold them to maturity.

Investing in the securities involves risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. See “Summary Risk Factors” beginning on page PS-9 and “Risk Factors Relating to the Securities” beginning on page EA-7 of the accompanying product supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the securities or determined that this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. 

The securities are unsecured debt obligations issued by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and guaranteed by Citigroup Inc. All payments due on the securities are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. None of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (“Wells Fargo”) or any of its affiliates will have any liability to the purchasers of the securities in the event Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. defaults on its obligations under the securities and Citigroup Inc. defaults on its guarantee obligations. The securities are not bank deposits and are not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

	Per Security	Total
Public Offering Price(1)	$1,000.00	$368,000.00
Underwriting Discount and Commission(2)	$44.00	$16,192.00
Proceeds to Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.(2)	$956.00	$351,808.00

(1) On the date of this pricing supplement, the estimated value of the securities is $941.448 per security, which is less than the public offering price. The estimated value of the securities is based on Citigroup Global Market Inc.’s (“CGMI”) proprietary pricing models and our internal funding rate. It is not an indication of actual profit to CGMI or other of our affiliates, nor is it an indication of the price, if any, at which any person may be willing to buy the securities from you at any time after issuance. See “Valuation of the Securities” in this pricing supplement.

(2) CGMI, an affiliate of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., as the lead agent for the offering, has agreed to sell the securities to Wells Fargo, as agent. Wells Fargo will receive an underwriting discount and commission of 4.40% ($44) for each security it sells. Wells Fargo will pay selected dealers, which may include Wells Fargo Advisors (“WFA”) (the trade name of the retail brokerage business of its affiliates, Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC and Wells Fargo Advisors Financial Network, LLC), a fixed selling commission of 2.50% ($25.00) for each security they sell. In addition to the selling commission allowed to WFA, Wells Fargo will pay $1.20 per security of the underwriting discount and commission to WFA as a distribution expense fee for each security sold by WFA. The total underwriting discount and commission and proceeds to Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. shown above give effect to the actual underwriting discount and commission provided for the sale of the securities. See “Supplemental Plan of Distribution” below and “Use of Proceeds and Hedging” in the accompanying prospectus for further information regarding how we have hedged our obligations under the securities. 

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Wells Fargo Securities

 

Investment Description

The Principal at Risk Securities Linked to an ETF Basket due May 3, 2024 are unsecured debt securities issued by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and guaranteed by Citigroup Inc. Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not pay interest and do not repay a fixed amount of principal at maturity. Instead, the securities offer a payment at maturity that may be greater than, equal to or less than the stated principal amount of the securities depending on the performance of the basket from the initial basket value to the final basket value, subject to the maximum return at maturity. The securities provide:

 

(i)

the possibility of a leveraged return at maturity if the value of the basket increases from the initial basket value to the final basket value, provided that the total return at maturity of the securities will not exceed the maximum return at maturity;

 

(ii)

repayment of principal if, and only if, the final basket value is not less than the initial basket value by more than the buffer percentage; and

 

(iii)

exposure to decreases in the value of the basket if and to the extent the final basket value is less than the initial basket value by more than the buffer percentage.

 

If the final basket value is less than the initial basket value by more than the buffer percentage, your payment at maturity will be less, and possibly significantly less, than the stated principal amount of your securities at maturity. All payments on the securities are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc.

 

The basket is comprised of the following six unequally-weighted underlyings, with each underlying having the weighting noted parenthetically:

 

·

the SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust (50%), an exchange traded fund that seeks to track the S&P 500® Index (an equity index that is intended to provide an indication of the pattern of common stock price movement in the large capitalization segment of the United States equity market);

 

·

the iShares® Russell 2000 ETF (15%), an exchange traded fund that seeks to track the Russell 2000® Index (an equity index that is designed to reflect the performance of the small capitalization segment of the United States equity market);

 

·

the iShares® MSCI EAFE ETF (15%), an exchange traded fund that seeks to track the MSCI EAFE Index® (an equity index that is designed to measure equity performance in developed markets, excluding the United States and Canada);

 

·

the iShares® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (10%), an exchange traded fund that seeks to track the MSCI Emerging Markets IndexSM (an equity index that is designed to measure equity market performance in global emerging markets);

 

·

the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund (5%), an exchange traded fund that seeks to track the DBIQ Optimum Yield Diversified Commodity Index Excess ReturnTM (a commodity index that is designed to measure the performance of a rolling position in futures contracts on 14 physical commodities); and

 

·

the Vanguard® Real Estate ETF (5%), an exchange traded fund that seeks to provide investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of a benchmark index that measures the performance of publicly traded equity real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and other real estate-related investments.

 

The terms of the securities are set forth in the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus, as supplemented by this pricing supplement. The accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus contain important disclosures that are not repeated in this pricing supplement. For example, the accompanying product supplement contains important information about how the closing values of the underlyings will be determined and other specified events with respect to the underlyings. It is important that you read the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus together with this pricing supplement in deciding whether to invest in the securities. Certain terms used but not defined in this pricing supplement are defined in the accompanying product supplement.

 

When we refer to “we,” “us” and “our” in this pricing supplement, we refer only to Citigroup Global Market Holdings Inc. and not to any of its affiliates, including Citigroup Inc.

 

You may access the product supplement and prospectus supplement and prospectus on the SEC website www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):

 

•

Product Supplement No. EA-02-08 dated February 15, 2019:

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/200245/000095010319002039/dp102379_424b2-psea0208par.htm

 

•

Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus, each dated May 14, 2018:

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/200245/000119312518162183/d583728d424b2.htm

 

Investor Considerations

We have designed the securities for investors who:

 

·

seek 125% leveraged exposure to the positive performance of the basket if the final basket value is greater than the initial basket value, subject to the maximum return at maturity;

 

·

desire to limit the downside exposure to the basket through the buffer percentage;

 

·

understand that if the final basket value is less than the initial basket value by more than the buffer percentage, they will receive less, and possibly significantly less, than the stated principal amount per security at maturity;

 

·

are willing to forgo interest payments on the securities and dividends on the underlyings; and

 

·

are willing to hold the securities to maturity.

 

The securities are not designed for, and may not be a suitable investment for, investors who:

 

·

seek a liquid investment or are unable or unwilling to hold the securities to maturity;

 

·

are unwilling to accept the risk that the value of the basket may decrease by more than the buffer percentage from the initial basket value to the final basket value;

 

·

seek uncapped exposure to the upside performance of the basket;

 

·

seek full return of the stated principal amount of the securities at maturity;

 

·

seek current income;

 

·

are unwilling to purchase securities with an estimated value as of the pricing date that is lower than the public offering price and that may be as low as the lower estimated value set forth on the cover page;

 

·

are unwilling to accept the risk of exposure to the equity markets (including foreign developed equity markets, foreign emerging equity markets and the U.S. real estate equity market) or are unwilling to accept the risk of exposure to the commodity markets;

 

·

seek exposure to the basket but are unwilling to accept the risk/return trade-offs inherent in the payment at maturity for the securities;

 

·

are unwilling to accept the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc.; or

 

·

prefer the lower risk of fixed income investments with comparable maturities issued by companies with comparable credit ratings.

 

 

 

Terms of the Securities

Basket:	Underlying	Weighting	Initial Underlying Value*
	SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust	50%	$294.02
	iShares® Russell 2000 ETF	15%	$158.29
	iShares® MSCI EAFE ETF	15%	$66.76
	iShares® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF	10%	$43.93
	Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund	5%	$16.09
	Vanguard® Real Estate ETF	5%	$86.77

	* For each underlying, its closing value on the pricing date
Issuer:	Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup Inc.
Guarantee:	All payments due on the securities are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.
Stated Principal Amount:	$1,000 per security. References in this pricing supplement to a “security” are to a security with a stated principal amount of $1,000.
Pricing Date:	April 30, 2019
Issue Date:	May 3, 2019
Valuation Date:	April 26, 2024, subject to postponement if such date is not a trading day or certain market disruption events occur. See “Additional Terms of the Securities.”
Maturity Date:	May 3, 2024.  If the valuation date is postponed, the stated maturity date will be the later of (i) May 3, 2024 and (ii) three business days after the last valuation date as postponed.  See “Additional Terms of the Securities.”
Payment at Maturity:	For each $1,000 stated principal amount security you hold at maturity:   • If the final basket value is greater than the initial basket value:   $1,000 plus the lesser of:     • If the final basket value is less than or equal to the initial basket value, but greater than or equal to the buffer value: $1,000; or   • If the final basket value is less than the buffer value:   $1,000 minus:     If the final basket value is less than the buffer value, you will receive less, and possibly significantly less, than the $1,000 stated principal amount per security at maturity.
Participation Rate:	125%
Maximum Return at Maturity:	$530 per security (53% of the stated principal amount). Because of the maximum return at maturity, the payment at maturity will not exceed $1,530 per security.
Buffer Value:	85, 85% of the initial basket value
Buffer Percentage:	15%
Initial Basket Value:	100
Final Basket Value:	100 × (1 + the sum of the weighted underlying returns of the underlyings)

Underlying Return:	For each underlying: (final underlying value – initial underlying value) / initial underlying value
Weighted Underlying Return:	For each underlying, its underlying return multiplied by its weighting
Final Underlying Value:	For each underlying, its closing value on the valuation date
Calculation Agent:	CGMI
Denominations:	$1,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000
CUSIP / ISIN:	17326YQU3 / US17326YQU37

 

 

Determining Payment at Maturity

 

On the maturity date, you will receive a cash payment per security (the payment at maturity) calculated as follows:

 

 

 

Hypothetical Payout Profile

 

The diagram below illustrates your payment at maturity for a range of hypothetical percentage changes from the initial basket value to the final basket value. Your actual return will depend on the actual final basket value and whether you hold your securities to maturity.

 

Investors in the securities will not receive any dividends with respect to the underlyings. The diagram below does not show any effect of lost dividend yield over the term of the securities. See “Summary Risk Factors—You Will Not Receive Dividends Or Have Any Other Rights With Respect To The Underlyings” below.

 

 

 

nThe Securities     n The Basket

 

 

Summary Risk Factors

An investment in the securities is significantly riskier than an investment in conventional debt securities. The securities are subject to all of the risks associated with an investment in our conventional debt securities (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.), including the risk that we and Citigroup Inc. may default on our obligations under the securities, and are also subject to risks associated with the basket. Accordingly, the securities are suitable only for investors who are capable of understanding the complexities and risks of the securities. You should consult your own financial, tax and legal advisors as to the risks of an investment in the securities and the suitability of the securities in light of your particular circumstances.

 

The following is a summary of certain key risk factors for investors in the securities. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of risks relating to an investment in the securities contained in the section “Risk Factors Relating to the Securities” beginning on page EA-7 in the accompanying product supplement. You should also carefully read the risk factors included in the accompanying prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus, including Citigroup Inc.’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which describe risks relating to the business of Citigroup Inc. more generally.

 

You May Lose A Significant Portion Of Your Investment.

 

Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not repay a fixed amount of principal at maturity. Instead, your payment at maturity will depend on the performance of the basket. If the basket depreciates by more than the buffer percentage such that the final basket value is less than the buffer value, you will lose 1% of the stated principal amount of the securities for every 1% by which that depreciation exceeds the buffer percentage.

 

The Securities Do Not Pay Interest.

 

Unlike conventional debt securities, the securities do not pay interest or any other amounts prior to maturity. You should not invest in the securities if you seek current income during the term of the securities.

 

Your Potential Return On The Securities Is Limited.

 

Your potential total return on the securities at maturity is limited to the maximum return at maturity. Your return on the securities will not exceed the maximum return at maturity, even if the basket appreciates by significantly more than the maximum return at maturity. If the basket appreciates by more than the maximum return at maturity, the securities will underperform an alternative investment providing 1-to-1 exposure to the performance of the basket. When lost dividends are taken into account, the securities may underperform an alternative investment providing 1-to-1 exposure to the performance of the basket and a pass-through of dividends even if the basket appreciates by less than the maximum return at maturity. Furthermore, the effect of the participation rate will be progressively reduced for all final basket values exceeding the final basket value at which the maximum return at maturity is reached.

 

You Will Not Receive Dividends Or Have Any Other Rights With Respect To The Underlyings.

 

You will not receive any dividends with respect to the underlyings. This lost dividend yield may be significant over the term of the securities. The payment scenarios described in this pricing supplement do not show any effect of lost dividend yield over the term of the securities. In addition, you will not have voting rights or any other rights with respect to the underlyings.

 

Your Payment At Maturity Depends On The Value Of The Basket On A Single Day.

 

Because your payment at maturity depends on the value of the basket solely on the valuation date, you are subject to the risk that the value of the basket on that day may be lower, and possibly significantly lower, than on one or more other dates during the term of the securities. If you had invested directly in the underlyings or in another instrument linked to the basket that you could sell for full value at a time selected by you, or if the payment at maturity were based on an average of values of the basket, you might have achieved better returns.

 

The Securities Are Subject To The Credit Risk Of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. And Citigroup Inc.

 

If we default on our obligations under the securities and Citigroup Inc. defaults on its guarantee obligations, you may not receive anything owed to you under the securities.

 

The Securities Will Not Be Listed On Any Securities Exchange And You May Not Be Able To Sell Them Prior To Maturity.

 

The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the securities. We have been advised that Wells Fargo currently intends to make a secondary market in relation to the securities. However, Wells Fargo may suspend or terminate making a market without notice, at any time and for any reason. If Wells Fargo suspends or terminates making a market, there may be no secondary market at all for the securities because it is likely that Wells Fargo will be the only broker-dealer that is willing to buy your securities prior to maturity. Accordingly, an investor must be prepared to hold the securities until maturity.

 

The Estimated Value Of The Securities On The Pricing Date, Based On CGMI’s Proprietary Pricing Models And Our Internal Funding Rate, Is Less Than The Public Offering Price.

 

The difference is attributable to certain costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the securities that are included in the public offering price. These costs include (i) any selling concessions or other fees paid in connection with the offering of the securities, (ii) hedging and other costs incurred by us and our affiliates in connection with the offering of the securities and (iii) the expected profit (which may be more or less than actual profit) to CGMI or other of our affiliates and/or Wells Fargo or its affiliates in connection with hedging our obligations under the securities. These costs adversely affect the economic terms of the securities because, if they were lower, the economic terms of the securities would be more favorable to you. The economic terms of the securities are also likely to be adversely affected by the use of our internal funding rate, rather than our secondary market rate, to price the securities. See “The Estimated Value Of The Securities Would Be Lower If It Were Calculated Based On Our Secondary Market Rate” below.

 

The Estimated Value Of The Securities Was Determined For Us By Our Affiliate Using Proprietary Pricing Models.

 

CGMI derived the estimated value disclosed on the cover page of this pricing supplement from its proprietary pricing models. In doing so, it may have made discretionary judgments about the inputs to its models, such as the volatility in and the correlation among the closing values of the underlyings, the dividend yields on the underlyings and interest rates. CGMI’s views on these inputs may differ from your or others’ views, and as an underwriter in this offering, CGMI’s interests may conflict with yours. Both the models and the inputs to the models may prove to be wrong and therefore not an accurate reflection of the value of the securities. Moreover, the estimated value of the securities set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement may differ from the value that we or our affiliates may determine for the securities for other purposes, including for accounting purposes. You should not invest in the securities because of the estimated value of the securities. Instead, you should be willing to hold the securities to maturity irrespective of the initial estimated value.

 

The Estimated Value Of The Securities Would Be Lower If It Were Calculated Based On Wells Fargo’s Determination of The Secondary Market Rate With Respect To Us.

 

The estimated value of the securities included in this pricing supplement is calculated based on our internal funding rate, which is the rate at which we are willing to borrow funds through the issuance of the securities. We expect that our internal funding rate is generally lower than Wells Fargo’s determination of the secondary market rate with respect to us, which is the rate that we expect Wells Fargo will use in determining the value of the securities for purposes of any purchases of the securities from you in the secondary market. If the estimated value included in this pricing supplement were based on Wells Fargo’s determination of the secondary market rate with respect to us, rather than our internal funding rate, it would likely be lower. We determine our internal funding rate based on factors such as the costs associated with the securities, which are generally higher than the costs associated with conventional debt securities, and our liquidity needs and preferences. Our internal funding rate is not an interest rate that is payable on the securities.

 

Because there is not an active market for traded instruments referencing our outstanding debt obligations, Wells Fargo may determine the secondary market rate with respect to us for purposes of any purchase of the securities from you in the secondary market based on the market price of traded instruments referencing the debt obligations of Citigroup Inc., our parent company and the guarantor of all payments due on the securities, but subject to adjustments that Wells Fargo may deem appropriate.

 

The Estimated Value Of The Securities Is Not An Indication Of The Price, If Any, At Which Any Person May Be Willing To Buy The Securities From You In The Secondary Market.

 

Any such secondary market price will fluctuate over the term of the securities based on the market and other factors described in the next risk factor. Moreover, unlike the estimated value included in this pricing supplement, we expect that any value of the securities determined for purposes of a secondary market transaction will be based on Wells Fargo’s determination of the secondary market rate with respect to us, which will likely result in a lower value for the securities than if our internal funding rate were used. In addition, we

 

expect that any secondary market price for the securities will be reduced by a bid-ask spread, which may vary depending on the aggregate stated principal amount of the securities to be purchased in the secondary market transaction, and may be reduced by the expected cost of unwinding related hedging transactions. As a result, it is likely that any secondary market price for the securities will be less than the public offering price.

 

The Value Of The Securities Prior To Maturity Will Fluctuate Based On Many Unpredictable Factors.

 

The value of your securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on the value of the basket, the volatility in and the correlation among the closing values of the underlyings, the dividend yields on the underlyings, interest rates generally, the time remaining to maturity and our and Citigroup Inc.’s creditworthiness, as reflected in our secondary market rate, among other factors described under “Risk Factors Relating to the Securities—Risk Factors Relating to All Securities—The value of your securities prior to maturity will fluctuate based on many unpredictable factors” in the accompanying product supplement. Changes in the value of the basket may not result in a comparable change in the value of your securities. You should understand that the value of your securities at any time prior to maturity may be significantly less than the public offering price.

 

We Have Been Advised That, Immediately Following Issuance, Any Secondary Market Bid Price Provided By Wells Fargo, And The Value That Will Be Indicated On Any Brokerage Account Statements Prepared By Wells Fargo Or Its Affiliates, Will Reflect A Temporary Upward Adjustment.

 

The amount of this temporary upward adjustment will steadily decline to zero over the temporary adjustment period. See “Valuation of the Securities” in this pricing supplement.

 

Changes In The Closing Values Of The Underlyings May Offset Each Other.

 

The performances of the underlyings may not be correlated with each other. If one or more of the underlyings appreciates, the other underlyings may not appreciate as much or may even depreciate. In such event, the appreciation of the closing value of one or more of the underlyings may be moderated, wholly offset or more than offset by lesser appreciation or by depreciation in the closing value of one or more of the other underlyings.

 

The Underlyings Are Unequally Weighted.

 

The underlyings are unequally weighted. Accordingly, the performance of the underlying with the highest weighting (in this case, the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust) will influence the payment at maturity to a greater degree than the performance of the underlyings with the lower weightings (in this case, the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF, the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF, the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF, the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund and the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF). If the underlying with the highest weighting performs poorly, its poor performance could negate or diminish the effect on the basket return of any positive performance by the lower-weighted underlyings.

 

The Underlyings May Be Highly Correlated In Decline.

 

The performances of the underlyings may become highly correlated during periods of declining prices. This may occur because of events that have broad effects on markets generally or on the markets that the underlyings track. If the underlyings become correlated in decline, the depreciation of the closing value of one underlying will not be offset by the performance of the other underlyings and, in fact, each underlying may contribute to an overall decline from the initial basket value to the final basket value.

 

An Investment In The Securities Is Not A Diversified Investment.

 

The fact that the securities are linked to a basket does not mean that the securities represent a diversified investment. First, although the underlyings differ in important respects, they each (other than one) track the performance of equity markets, and each may perform poorly if there is a global downturn in equity markets. Second, the securities are subject to the credit risk of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. No amount of diversification that may be represented by the underlyings will offset the risk that we and Citigroup Inc. may default on our obligations.

 

The iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF Is Subject To Risks Associated With Small Capitalization Stocks.

 

The stocks that constitute the index underlying the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF are issued by companies with relatively small market capitalization. The stock prices of smaller companies may be more volatile than stock prices of large capitalization companies. These companies tend to be less well-established than large market capitalization companies. Small capitalization companies may be less able to withstand adverse economic, market, trade and competitive conditions relative to larger companies. Small capitalization

 

companies are less likely to pay dividends on their stocks, and the presence of a dividend payment could be a factor that limits downward stock price pressure under adverse market conditions.

 

The iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF Is Subject To Risks Associated With Non-U.S. Markets.

 

The iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF tracks international equity markets outside of the United States and Canada. Investments linked to the value of non-U.S. stocks involve risks associated with the securities markets in those countries, including risks of volatility in those markets, governmental intervention in those markets and cross-shareholdings in companies in certain countries. Also, there is generally less publicly available information about companies in some of these jurisdictions than about U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC. Further, non-U.S. companies are generally subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements and securities trading rules that are different from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies. The prices of securities in foreign markets may be affected by political, economic, financial and social factors in those countries, or global regions, including changes in government, economic and fiscal policies and currency exchange laws. Moreover, the economies in such countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the economy of the United States in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources and self-sufficiency.

 

The iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF Is Subject To Risks Associated With Emerging Markets.

 

The stocks included in the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF have been issued by companies in various foreign emerging markets. Foreign equity securities involve risks associated with the securities markets in foreign countries, including risks of volatility in those markets, governmental intervention in those markets and cross-shareholdings in companies in certain countries. There is also generally less publicly available information about foreign companies than about U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC, and foreign companies are subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements different from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies. The prices of securities in foreign markets may be affected by political, economic, financial and social factors in those countries, or global regions, including changes in government, economic and fiscal policies and currency exchange laws. Stocks issued by companies in emerging markets may be subject to heightened risks, including risks of relatively unstable governments, nationalization of businesses, restrictions on foreign ownership, prohibitions on the repatriation of assets and less protection of property rights. The economies of countries with emerging markets may be based on only a few industries, be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions and suffer from extreme and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates. Local securities markets may trade a small number of securities and be unable to respond effectively to increases in trading volume, potentially increasing price volatility. Moreover, the economies in such countries may differ unfavorably from the economy in the United States in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources and self-sufficiency.

 

Fluctuations In Exchange Rates Will Affect The Closing Value Of The iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF And The iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF.

 

Because the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF and iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF include securities that trade outside the United States and the closing values of the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF and iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF are based on the U.S. dollar value of those securities, holders of the securities will be exposed to currency exchange rate risk with respect to each of the currencies in which such securities trade. Exchange rate movements for a particular currency are volatile and are the result of numerous factors specific to the relevant country, including the supply of, and the demand for, those currencies, as well as government policy, intervention or actions, but are also influenced significantly from time to time by political or economic developments, and by macroeconomic factors and speculative actions related to each applicable region. An investor’s net exposure will depend on the extent to which the currencies of the applicable countries strengthen or weaken against the U.S. dollar and the relative weight of each currency. If, taking into account such weighting, the dollar strengthens against the currencies of the securities held by the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF and iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF, the prices of the underlying shares of the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF and iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF will be adversely affected for that reason alone and your return on the securities may be reduced. Of particular importance to potential currency exchange risk are: existing and expected rates of inflation; existing and expected interest rate levels; the balance of payments; and the extent of governmental surpluses or deficits in the applicable countries and the United States. All of these factors are in turn sensitive to the monetary, fiscal and trade policies pursued by the governments of the applicable countries and the United States. and other countries important to international trade and finance.

 

Suspensions, Limitations Or Disruptions Of Market Trading In The Commodity And Related Futures Markets And The Rules Of Trading Facilities In Such Markets May Adversely Affect The Performance Of The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund.

 

The commodity markets are subject to temporary distortions or other disruptions due to various factors, including the lack of liquidity in the markets, the participation of speculators and government regulation and intervention. U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign

 

exchanges have regulations that limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices that may occur during a single business day. These limits are generally referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits,” and the maximum or minimum price of a contract on any given day as a result of these limits is referred to as a “limit price.” Once the limit price has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made at a different price. Limit prices have the effect of precluding trading in a particular contract or forcing the liquidation of contracts at disadvantageous times or prices. Conversely, certain foreign exchanges do not have limit prices and, accordingly, there is no limit on the amount by which the price of a designated contract may decline on a single day. These circumstances could adversely affect the price of shares of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund and therefore, the value of the basket and the value of the securities.

 

Holders Of The Securities Will Not Benefit From The Regulatory Protections Of The Commodity Futures Trading Commission Or Any Non-U.S. Regulatory Authority.

 

The securities are our direct obligations. The net proceeds to be received by us from the sale of the securities will not be used to purchase or sell futures contracts or options on futures contracts for the benefit of the holders of securities. An investment in the securities does not constitute either an investment in futures contracts or options on futures contracts, and holders of the securities will not benefit from the regulatory protections of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) afforded to persons who trade in such contracts. Unlike an investment in the securities, an investment in a collective investment vehicle that invests in futures contracts on behalf of its participants may be subject to regulation as a commodity pool, and its operator may be required to be registered with and regulated by the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) or qualify for an exemption from the registration requirement. Because the securities are not interests in a commodity pool, the securities will not be regulated by the CFTC as a commodity pool, we will not be registered with the CFTC as a CPO, and holders of the securities will not benefit from the CFTC’s or any non-U.S. regulatory authority’s regulatory protections afforded to persons who invest in regulated commodity pools.

 

Possible Regulatory Changes Could Adversely Affect The Performance Of The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund.

 

U.S. regulatory agencies have recently enacted new rules and are currently considering the enactment of additional, related new rules that may substantially affect the regulation of the commodity and futures markets. Although the final form of many new rules has not yet been determined and many finalized new rules have not yet been fully implemented, it is likely that such rules will limit the ability of market participants to participate in the commodity and futures market to the extent and at the levels that they have in the past and may have the effect of reducing liquidity in these markets and changing the structure of the markets in other ways. In addition, these regulatory changes will likely increase the level of regulation of markets and market participants and the costs of participating in the commodity and futures markets. These changes could impact the price and volatility of shares of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, which could in turn adversely affect the return on and the value of the securities.

 

Commodity Futures Prices May Change Unpredictably, Affecting The Closing Value Of The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund In Unforeseeable Ways.

 

Trading in commodity futures contracts underlying the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund is speculative and can be extremely volatile. A decrease in the price of any of the commodities upon which the futures contracts that compose the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund are based may have a material adverse effect on the performance of the basket and the return on an investment in the securities. Market prices of the commodities on which the futures contracts that compose the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund are based may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors, including: changes in supply and demand relationships; governmental programs and policies, national and international monetary, trade, political and economic events, wars and acts of terror, changes in interest and in exchange rates, speculation and trading activities in commodities and related contracts, weather, and agricultural, trade, fiscal and exchange control policies. The price volatility of each commodity also affects the value of the futures and forward contracts related to that commodity and therefore its price at any such time. The price of any one commodity may be correlated to a greater or lesser degree with any other commodity and factors affecting the general supply and demand as well as the prices of other commodities may affect the particular commodity in question. In respect of commodities in the energy sector, due to the significant level of its continuous consumption, limited reserves, and oil cartel controls, energy prices are subject to rapid price increases in the event of perceived or actual shortages. The commodities markets are subject to temporary distortions or other disruptions due to various factors, including the lack of liquidity in the markets, the participation of speculators and government regulation and intervention. Many commodities are also highly cyclical. These factors, some of which are specific to the nature of each such commodity, may cause the value of the different commodities upon which the futures contracts that compose the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund are based, as well as the futures contracts themselves, to move in inconsistent directions at inconsistent rates. This, in turn, will affect the closing value of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund and may affect the performance of the basket. It is not possible to predict the aggregate effect of all or any combination of these factors.

 

Some Of The Commodities Underlying The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund Will Be Subject To Pronounced Risks Of Pricing Volatility.

 

As a general matter, the risk of low liquidity or volatile pricing around the maturity date of a commodity futures contract is greater than in the case of other futures contracts because (among other factors) a number of market participants take physical delivery of the underlying commodities. Many commodities, like those in the energy and industrial metals sectors, have liquid futures contracts that expire every month. Therefore, in the calculation of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund these contracts are rolled forward every month. Contracts based on certain other commodities, most notably agricultural and livestock products, tend to have only a few contract months each year that trade with substantial liquidity. Thus, these commodities, with related futures contracts that expire infrequently, roll forward less frequently than every month in the calculation of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, and can have further pronounced pricing volatility during extended periods of low liquidity. The risk of aberrational liquidity or pricing around the maturity date of a commodity futures contract is greater than in the case of other futures contracts because (among other factors) a number of market participants take delivery of the underlying commodities. Due to the significant level of continuous consumption, limited reserves, and oil cartel controls, energy commodities are subject to rapid price increases in the event of perceived or actual shortages. These factors (when combined or in isolation) may affect the price of futures contracts and, as a consequence, the closing value of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund and the return on the securities.

 

The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund Does Not Offer Direct Exposure To Commodity Spot Prices.

 

The closing value of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund is intended to track generally the performance of commodity futures contracts on physical commodities included in the DBIQ Optimum Yield Diversified Commodity Index, not physical commodities (or their spot prices). The price of a futures contract on a commodity reflects the expected value of the commodity upon delivery in the future, whereas the price of a physical commodity reflects the value of the commodity upon immediate delivery, which is referred to as the spot price. Several factors can result in differences between the price of a commodity futures contract and the spot price of a commodity, including the cost of storing the commodity for the length of the futures contract, interest costs related to financing the purchase of the commodity and expectations of supply and demand for the commodity. There is typically some deviation between changes in the price of a futures contract and changes in the spot price of the relevant commodity. In some cases, the performance of a futures contract on a commodity can deviate significantly from the spot price performance of the commodity, especially over longer periods of time. As a result, the performance of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund may differ from, and be less favorable than, the spot price return of the relevant commodities.

 

The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund May Be Adversely Affected By “Negative Roll Yields” In “Contango” Markets, Which May Have A Negative Impact On Its Performance.

 

The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund is composed of futures contracts on physical commodities. Unlike equities, which typically entitle the holder to a continuing stake in a corporation, commodity futures contracts normally specify a certain date for delivery of the underlying physical commodity. As the exchange-traded futures contracts that compose the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund approach expiration, they are replaced by contracts that have a later expiration. For example, a contract purchased and held in August may specify an October expiration. As time passes, the contract expiring in October is replaced by a contract for delivery in November. This is accomplished by selling the October contract and purchasing the November contract. This process is referred to as “rolling” exposure to an expiring futures contract into another futures contract with a later expiration date. Through this rolling process, the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund is able to maintain continuing exposure to futures contracts.

 

The “rolling” feature of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund creates the potential for a significant negative effect on the price of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund — which we refer to as a “negative roll yield”— that is independent of the performance of the spot prices of the relevant underlying commodities. The “spot price” of a physical commodity is the price of that commodity for immediate delivery, as opposed to a futures price, which represents the price for delivery of that commodity on a specified date in the future. The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund would be expected to experience negative roll yield if futures prices tend to be greater than the spot prices for the relevant underlying commodities. A market where futures prices are greater than spot prices is referred to as a “contango” market. Futures prices of a commodity may be greater than spot prices of that commodity for a variety of reasons, including costs of storing the relevant commodity until the delivery date, financing costs and market expectations that future spot prices may be higher than current spot prices. As any futures contract approaches expiration, its value will approach the spot price of the relevant commodity, because by expiration it will effectively represent a contract to buy or sell the relevant commodity for immediate (or “spot”) delivery. Therefore, if the futures market for a commodity is in contango, then the value of a futures contract for that commodity would tend to decline over time (assuming the spot price for that commodity

 

remains unchanged), because the higher futures price would fall as it converges to the lower spot price by expiration. If the futures market for a commodity is in contango and the spot price of that commodity remains constant, the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund would enter into a position in a futures contract for the relevant commodity at the higher contango futures price and then unwind that position near the lower spot price just prior to expiration of that contract, and then enter into a position in a new futures contract for the relevant commodity at the higher contango futures price and unwind that position near the lower spot price, and so on over time, all the while accumulating losses from the erosion in value that results as the higher contango price declines toward the lower spot price.

 

The Prices Of Commodities Are Volatile And Are Affected By Numerous Factors, Some Of Which Are Specific To The Commodity Sector For Each Commodity Futures Contracts Held By The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund.

 

A change in the price of any of the commodity futures contracts underlying the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund may have a material adverse effect on the closing value of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, the basket and the securities. Commodities futures contracts are subject to the effect of numerous factors, certain of which are specific to the commodity sector for each commodity futures contract underlying the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, as discussed below.

 

·

Agricultural Sector. Global prices of agricultural commodities, including corn, soybeans, sugar and wheat, are primarily affected by the global demand for and supply of those commodities but are also significantly influenced by speculative actions and by currency exchange rates. In addition, prices for agricultural commodities are affected by governmental programs and policies regarding agriculture, as well as general trade, fiscal and exchange control policies. Extrinsic factors, such as drought, floods, general weather conditions, disease and natural disasters may also affect agricultural commodity prices. Demand for agricultural commodities, such as wheat, corn and soybeans, both for human consumption and as cattle feed, has generally increased with worldwide growth and prosperity.

 

·

Energy Sector. Global prices of energy commodities, including WTI crude oil, Brent crude oil, RBOB gasoline, heating oil and natural gas, are primarily affected by the global demand for and supply of these commodities, but they are also significantly influenced by speculative actions and by currency exchange rates. In addition, prices for energy commodities are affected by governmental programs and policies, national and international political and economic events, changes in interest and exchange rates, trading activities in commodities and related contracts, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control policies, and with respect to oil, drought, floods, weather, government intervention, environmental policies, embargoes and tariffs. Demand for refined petroleum products by consumers, as well as by the agricultural, manufacturing and transportation industries, affects the price of energy commodities. Sudden disruptions in the supplies of energy commodities, such as those caused by war, natural events, accidents or acts of terrorism, may cause prices of energy commodity futures contracts to become extremely volatile and unpredictable. Also, sudden and dramatic changes in the futures market may occur, for example, upon a cessation of hostilities that may exist in countries producing energy commodities, the introduction of new or previously withheld supplies into the market or the introduction of substitute products or commodities. In particular, supplies of crude oil may increase or decrease depending on, among other factors, production decisions by the Organization of the Oil and Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and other crude oil producers. Crude oil prices are determined with significant influence by OPEC, which has the capacity to influence oil prices worldwide because its members possess a significant portion of the world’s oil supply. Crude oil prices are generally more volatile and more subject to dislocation than are prices of other commodities. Demand for energy commodities such as oil and gasoline is generally linked to economic activity and will tend to reflect general economic conditions.

 

·

Industrial Metals Sector. Global prices of industrial metals commodities, including aluminum, copper and zinc, are primarily affected by the global demand for and supply of these commodities, but they are also significantly influenced by speculative actions and by currency exchange rates. Demand for industrial metals is significantly influenced by the level of global industrial economic activity. Prices for industrial metals commodities are affected by governmental programs and policies, national and international political and economic events, changes in interest and exchange rates, trading activities in commodities and related contracts, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control policies, government intervention, embargoes and tariffs. An additional, but highly volatile, component of demand for industrial metals is adjustments to inventory in response to changes in economic activity and/or pricing levels, which will influence investment decisions in new mines and smelters. Sudden disruptions in the supplies of industrial metals, such as those caused by war, natural events, accidents, acts of terrorism, transportation problems, labor strikes and shortages of power, may cause prices of industrial metals futures contracts to become extremely volatile and unpredictable. The introduction of new or previously withheld supplies into the market or the introduction of substitute products or commodities will also affect the prices of industrial metals commodities.

 

·

Precious Metals Sector. Global prices of precious metals commodities, including gold and silver, are primarily affected by the global demand for and supply of those commodities, but they are also significantly influenced by speculative actions and

 

by currency exchange rates. Demand for precious metals is significantly influenced by the level of global industrial economic activity. Prices for precious metals are affected by governmental programs and policies, national and international political and economic events, expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, changes in interest and exchange rates, trading activities in commodities and related contracts, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control policies, government intervention, embargoes and tariffs. Sudden disruptions in the supplies of precious metals, such as those caused by war, natural events, accidents, acts of terrorism, transportation problems, labor strikes and shortages of power, may cause prices of precious metals futures contracts to become extremely volatile and unpredictable. In addition, prices for precious metals can be affected by numerous other factors, including jewelry demand and production levels.

 

An Increase In The Margin Requirements For Commodity Futures Contracts Included In The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund May Adversely Affect Its Closing Value.

 

Futures exchanges require market participants to post collateral in order to open and to keep open positions in futures contracts. If an exchange increases the amount of collateral required to be posted to hold positions in commodity futures contracts underlying the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, market participants who are unwilling or unable to post additional collateral may liquidate their positions, which may cause the price of the relevant commodity futures contracts to decline significantly. In addition, prices of the relevant futures contracts could be adversely affected by the promulgation of new laws or regulations or by the reinterpretation of existing laws or regulations (including, without limitation, those related to taxes and duties on commodities) by one or more governments, governmental agencies or instrumentalities, courts or other official bodies. As a result, the closing value of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, the basket and the value of the securities may be adversely affected.

 

The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund May Be Subject To Risks Associated With Foreign Commodity Exchanges.

 

Investments in futures contracts that trade on foreign commodity exchanges involve particular risks. Foreign commodity exchanges may be less regulated than U.S. commodity exchanges, and certain foreign commodities markets may be more susceptible to disruption due to the absence of government regulation. Trading on foreign commodity exchanges is also subject to exchange rate risk relative to the U.S. dollar, exchange controls, expropriations, taxation policies, moratoriums and political or diplomatic events.

 

Currency Exchange Fluctuations May Negatively Affect The Market Prices Of The Futures Contracts Underlying The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, Which May Negatively Affect Its Performance.

 

The market prices for the commodity futures contracts underlying the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund are currently quoted in U.S. dollars. As a result, appreciation of the U.S. dollar will increase the relative cost of such futures contracts for foreign consumers, thereby reducing demand for those futures contracts and affecting the market prices of those futures contracts. As a result, the price of shares of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, the value of the basket and an investment in the securities may be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. In recent years, rates of exchange between the U.S. dollar and various foreign currencies have been highly volatile and this volatility may continue in the future. However, fluctuations in any particular exchange rate that have occurred in the past are not necessarily indicative of fluctuations that may occur during the term of the securities.

 

The Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF Recently Transitioned To Tracking A New Underlying Index Which Could Reduce Its Performance And Limit The Utility Of Its Historical Performance.

 

Effective February 1, 2018, the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF ceased tracking the MSCI U.S. REIT Index and began tracking the MSCI US Investable Market Real Estate 25/50 Transition Index (the “Transition Real Estate Index”), on an interim basis, in the first phase of a two-phase underlying index change. Beginning on July 25, 2018, the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF adopted the MSCI US Investable Market Real Estate 25/50 Index (the “Target Real Estate Index”) as its benchmark.

 

The principal difference between (a) the MSCI U.S. REIT Index and (b) the Transition Real Estate Index and the Target Real Estate Index is that the former represents the performance of equity REIT securities, whereas the latter also represent the performance of additional specialized REITs and real estate management and development companies. As a result of this transition, the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF will be exposed to risks associated with investing both in publicly traded equity REITs and other real estate-related investments. Because the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF began tracking an index that includes additional specialized REITs and real estate management and development companies, the securities will be subject to increased risk exposure to the real estate sector.

 

Moreover, the addition of additional specialized REITs and real estate management and development companies may adversely affect the performance of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF and the basket.

 

Furthermore, the historical performance of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF may be of limited use in evaluating the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF’s past performance, as there is limited historical information at this time to reflect the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF’s tracking of the Target Real Estate Index. The Target Real Estate Index could result in lower investment returns or different levels of volatility than those of the former underlying index over any period of time.

 

An Investment In The Securities Will Be Subject To Risks Associated With The Real Estate Industry.

 

The Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF, because it is concentrated in REITs and other real estate-related companies, may be more susceptible to any single economic, market, political or regulatory occurrence affecting the real estate industry. Investment in the real estate industry is subject to many of the same risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate such as: the availability of financing for real estate; employment levels and job growth; interest rates; leverage, property, management and liquidity risks; consumer confidence; the availability of suitable undeveloped land; federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the development of land and construction; home and commercial real estate sales; financing and environmental protection; and competition among companies which engage in the real estate business.

 

Risks Associated With Real Estate Investment Trusts Will Affect The Value Of The Securities.

 

The Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF includes the securities of REITs. REITs invest primarily in income producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. Investments in REITs, though not direct investments in real estate, are still subject to the risks associated with investing in real estate. The following are some of the conditions that might impact the structure of and cash flow generated by REITs and, consequently, the value of REITs and, in turn, the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF: a decline in the value of real estate properties; extended vacancies of properties; increases in property and operating taxes; increased competition or overbuilding; a lack of available mortgage funds or other limits on accessing capital; tenant bankruptcies and other credit problems; limitation on rents, including decreases in market rates for rents; changes in zoning laws and governmental regulations; costs resulting from the clean-up of, and legal liability to third parties for damages resulting from environmental problems; investments in developments that are not completed or that are subject to delays in completion; risks associated with borrowing; changes in interest rates; casualty and condemnation losses; and uninsured damages from floods, earthquakes or other natural disasters.

 

Our Offering Of The Securities Is Not A Recommendation Of The Basket Or The Underlyings.

 

The fact that we are offering the securities does not mean that we or Wells Fargo or its affiliates believe that investing in an instrument linked to the basket or any of the underlyings is likely to achieve favorable returns. In fact, as we and Wells Fargo and its affiliates are each part of respective global financial institutions, our affiliates and affiliates of Wells Fargo may have positions (including short positions) in the underlyings or in instruments related to the underlyings, and may publish research or express opinions, that in each case are inconsistent with an investment linked to the underlyings. These and other activities of our affiliates or of Wells Fargo or its affiliates may affect the closing values of the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities.

 

The Closing Values Of The Underlyings May Be Adversely Affected By Our Or Our Affiliates’, Or By Wells Fargo And Its Affiliates’, Hedging And Other Trading Activities.

 

We expect to hedge our obligations under the securities through CGMI or other of our affiliates and/or Wells Fargo or its affiliates, who may take positions in the underlyings or in financial instruments related to the underlyings and may adjust such positions during the term of the securities. Our affiliates and Wells Fargo and its affiliates may also take positions in the underlyings or in financial instruments related to the underlyings on a regular basis (taking long or short positions or both), for their accounts, for other accounts under their management or to facilitate transactions on behalf of customers. These activities could affect the closing values of the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities. They could also result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates or Wells Fargo and its affiliates while the value of the securities declines.

 

We And Our Affiliates And Wells Fargo And Its Affiliates May Have Economic Interests That Are Adverse To Yours As A Result Of Our And Their Respective Business Activities.

 

Our affiliates and Wells Fargo and its affiliates engage in business activities with a wide range of companies. These activities include extending loans, making and facilitating investments, underwriting securities offerings and providing advisory services. These

 

activities could involve or affect the underlyings in a way that negatively affects the value of and your return on the securities. They could also result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates or Wells Fargo or its affiliates while the value of the securities declines. In addition, in the course of this business, we or our affiliates or Wells Fargo or its affiliates may acquire non-public information, which will not be disclosed to you.

 

The Calculation Agent, Which Is An Affiliate Of Ours, Will Make Important Determinations With Respect To The Securities.

 

If certain events occur during the term of the securities, such as market disruption events and other events with respect to an underlying, CGMI, as calculation agent, will be required to make discretionary judgments that could significantly affect your return on the securities. In making these judgments, the calculation agent’s interests as an affiliate of ours could be adverse to your interests as a holder of the securities. See “Risks Relating to the Securities—Risks Relating to All Securities—The calculation agent, which is an affiliate of ours, will make important determinations with respect to the securities” in the accompanying product supplement.

 

Even If An Underlying Pays A Dividend That It Identifies As Special Or Extraordinary, No Adjustment Will Be Required Under The Securities For That Dividend Unless It Meets The Criteria Specified In The Accompanying Product Supplement.

 

In general, an adjustment will not be made under the terms of the securities for any cash dividend paid by an underlying unless the amount of the dividend per share, together with any other dividends paid in the same quarter, exceeds the dividend paid per share in the most recent quarter by an amount equal to at least 10% of the closing value of the underlying on the date of declaration of the dividend. Any dividend will reduce the closing value of an underlying by the amount of the dividend per share. If an underlying pays any dividend for which an adjustment is not made under the terms of the securities, holders of the securities will be adversely affected. See “Description of the Securities—Certain Additional Terms for Securities Linked to an Underlying Company or an Underlying ETF—Dilution and Reorganization Adjustments—Certain Extraordinary Cash Dividends” in the accompanying product supplement.

 

The Securities Will Not Be Adjusted For All Events That May Have A Dilutive Effect On Or Otherwise Adversely Affect The Closing Value Of An Underlying.

 

For example, we will not make any adjustment for ordinary dividends or extraordinary dividends that do not meet the criteria described above, partial tender offers or additional underlying share issuances. Moreover, the adjustments we do make may not fully offset the dilutive or adverse effect of the particular event. Investors in the securities may be adversely affected by such an event in a circumstance in which a direct holder of the underlying shares of an underlying would not.

 

The Securities May Become Linked To An Underlying Other Than An Original Underlying Upon The Occurrence Of A Reorganization Event Or Upon The Delisting Of The Underlying Shares Of An Underlying.

 

For example, if an underlying enters into a merger agreement that provides for holders of the shares of such underlying to receive shares of another entity and such shares are marketable securities, the closing value of the underlying following consummation of the merger will be based on the value of such other shares. Additionally, if the underlying shares of an underlying are delisted, the calculation agent may select a successor underlying. See “Description of the Securities—Certain Additional Terms for Securities Linked to an Underlying Company or an Underlying ETF” in the accompanying product supplement.

 

The Value And Performance Of The Underlying Shares Of An Underlying May Not Completely Track The Performance Of The Underlying Index That The Underlying Seeks To Track Or The Net Asset Value Per Share Of The Underlying.

 

An underlying does not fully replicate the underlying index that it seeks to track and may hold securities different from those included in its underlying index. In addition, the performance of an underlying will reflect additional transaction costs and fees that are not included in the calculation of its underlying index. All of these factors may lead to a lack of correlation between the performance of an underlying and its underlying index. In addition, corporate actions with respect to the equity securities held by an underlying (such as mergers and spin-offs) may impact the variance between the performance of the underlying and its underlying index. Finally, because the underlying shares of an underlying are traded on an exchange and are subject to market supply and investor demand, the closing value of an underlying may differ from the net asset value per share of the underlying.

 

During periods of market volatility, securities included in an underlying’s underlying index may be unavailable in the secondary market, market participants may be unable to calculate accurately the net asset value per share of the underlying and the liquidity of the underlying may be adversely affected. This kind of market volatility may also disrupt the ability of market participants to create and redeem underlying shares of an underlying. Further, market volatility may adversely affect, sometimes materially, the price at which market participants are willing to buy and sell the underlying shares of an underlying. As a result, under these circumstances, the closing value of an underlying may vary substantially from the net asset value per share of the underlying. For all of the foregoing

 

reasons, the performance of an underlying may not correlate with the performance of its underlying index and/or its net asset value per share, which could materially and adversely affect the value of the securities and/or reduce your return on the securities.

 

Changes That Affect The Underlyings May Affect The Value Of Your Securities.

 

The sponsors of the underlyings may at any time make methodological changes or other changes in the manner in which they operate that could affect the values of the underlyings. We are not affiliated with any such underlying sponsor and, accordingly, we have no control over any changes any such sponsor may make. Such changes could adversely affect the performance of the underlyings and the value of and your return on the securities.

 

The Stated Maturity Date May Be Postponed If The Valuation Date is Postponed.

 

The valuation date will be postponed if the originally scheduled valuation date is not a trading day for any underlying or if the calculation agent determines that a market disruption event has occurred or is continuing on the valuation date for any underlying. If such a postponement occurs, the stated maturity date will be the later of (i) the initial stated maturity date and (ii) three business days after the last valuation date as postponed.

 

The U.S. Federal Tax Consequences Of An Investment In The Securities Are Unclear.

 

There is no direct legal authority regarding the proper U.S. federal tax treatment of the securities, and we do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”). Consequently, significant aspects of the tax treatment of the securities are uncertain, and the IRS or a court might not agree with the treatment of the securities as prepaid forward contracts. If the IRS were successful in asserting an alternative treatment of the securities, the tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the securities might be materially and adversely affected. Even if the treatment of the securities as prepaid forward contracts is respected, a security may be treated as a “constructive ownership transaction,” with potentially adverse consequences described below under “United States Federal Tax Considerations.” Moreover, future legislation, Treasury regulations or IRS guidance could adversely affect the U.S. federal tax treatment of the securities, possibly retroactively.

 

If you are a non-U.S. investor, you should review the discussion of withholding tax issues in “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Non-U.S. Holders” below.

 

You should read carefully the discussion under “United States Federal Tax Considerations” and “Risk Factors Relating to the Securities” in the accompanying product supplement and “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in this pricing supplement. You should also consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the securities, as well as tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

 

Hypothetical Returns

 

The table below is based on a range of hypothetical percentage changes from the initial basket value to the hypothetical final basket value and illustrates:

 

•

the hypothetical percentage change from the initial basket value to the hypothetical final basket value;

 

•

the hypothetical payment at maturity per security; and

 

•

the hypothetical total pre-tax rate of return.

 

Hypothetical final basket value	Hypothetical percentage change from the initial basket value to the hypothetical final basket value	Hypothetical payment at maturity per security	Hypothetical total pre-tax rate of return
200.00	100.00%	$1,530.00	53.00%
175.00	75.00%	$1,530.00	53.00%
150.00	50.00%	$1,530.00	53.00%
142.40	42.40%	$1,530.00	53.00%
140.00	40.00%	$1,500.00	50.00%
130.00	30.00%	$1,375.00	37.50%
120.00	20.00%	$1,250.00	25.00%
105.00	5.00%	$1,062.50	6.25%
100.00	0.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
95.00	-5.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
90.00	-10.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
85.00	-15.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
84.99	-15.01%	$999.90	-0.01%
80.00	-20.00%	$950.00	-5.00%
70.00	-30.00%	$850.00	-15.00%
60.00	-40.00%	$750.00	-25.00%
50.00	-50.00%	$650.00	-35.00%
25.00	-75.00%	$400.00	-60.00%

 

The above figures are for purposes of illustration only and may have been rounded for ease of analysis.

 

Hypothetical Examples

 

The examples below illustrate how to determine the payment at maturity on the securities, assuming the various hypothetical final underlying values and hypothetical final basket values indicated below. The examples are solely for illustrative purposes, do not show all possible outcomes and are not a prediction of what the actual payment at maturity on the securities will be. The actual payment at maturity will depend on the actual final underlying values and the actual final basket value.

 

The examples below are based on a hypothetical initial underlying value of $100 for each underlying, rather than the actual initial underlying values of the underlyings. For the actual initial underlying values, see “Terms of the Securities” above. We have used this hypothetical value, rather than the actual values, to simplify the calculations and aid understanding of how the securities work. However, you should understand that the actual payment at maturity on the securities will be calculated based on the actual initial underlying values, and not the hypothetical values indicated below.

 

Example 1—Upside Scenario A. The hypothetical final basket value is 120 (a 20% increase from the initial basket value), which is greater than the initial basket value.

 

Underlying	Hypothetical Final Underlying Value	Hypothetical Underlying Return	Weighting	Hypothetical Weighted Underlying Return
SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust	$123.00	23%	50%	11.50%
iShares® Russell 2000 ETF	$119.00	19%	15%	2.85%
iShares® MSCI EAFE ETF	$118.00	18%	15%	2.70%
iShares® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF	$115.00	15%	10%	1.50%
Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund	$120.00	20%	5%	1.00%
Vanguard® Real Estate ETF	$109.00	9%	5%	0.45%
Sum of the hypothetical weighted underlying returns:				20%
Hypothetical final basket value: 100 × (1 + the sum of the hypothetical weighted underlying returns)				120

 

Payment at maturity per security = $1,000 plus the lesser of:

 

(i) $1,000 × final basket value – initial basket value × participation rate and (ii) the maximum return at maturity
                                    initial basket value

 

= $1,000 + the lesser of : (i) ($1,000 × 120 – 100 × participation rate) and (ii) $530
                                                                     100

 

= $1,000 + the lesser of: (i) ($1,000 × 20% × 125%) and (ii) $530

 

= $1,000 + the lesser of (i) $250 and (ii) $530

 

= $1,250

 

Because the basket appreciated from the initial basket value to the hypothetical final basket value, you would receive a total return at maturity equal to the upside performance of the basket multiplied by the participation rate, which in this case is less than the maximum return at maturity.

 

Example 2—Upside Scenario B. The hypothetical final basket value is 150 (a 50% increase from the initial basket value), which is greater than the initial basket value.

 

Underlying	Hypothetical Final Underlying Value	Hypothetical Underlying Return	Weighting	Hypothetical Weighted Underlying Return
SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust	$145.50	45.50%	50%	22.75%
iShares® Russell 2000 ETF	$155.00	55.00%	15%	8.25%
iShares® MSCI EAFE ETF	$160.00	60.00%	15%	9.00%
iShares® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF	$160.00	60.00%	10%	6.00%
Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund	$145.00	45.00%	5%	2.25%
Vanguard® Real Estate ETF	$135.00	35.00%	5%	1.75%
Sum of the hypothetical weighted underlying returns:				50%
Hypothetical final basket value: 100 × (1 + the sum of the hypothetical weighted underlying returns)				150

 

Payment at maturity per security = $1,000 plus the lesser of:

 

(i) $1,000 × final basket value – initial basket value × participation rate and (ii) the maximum return at maturity
                                     initial basket value

 

= $1,000 + the lesser of : (i) ($1,000 × 150 – 100 × participation rate) and (ii) $530
                                                                     100

 

= $1,000 + the lesser of: (i) ($1,000 × 50% × 125%) and (ii) $530

 

= $1,000 + the lesser of (i) $625 and (ii) $530

 

= $1,530

 

Because the basket appreciated from the initial basket value to the hypothetical final basket value and the upside performance of the basket multiplied by the participation rate exceeds the maximum return at maturity, your total return at maturity would be limited to the maximum return at maturity in this case. In this scenario, an investment in the securities would underperform a hypothetical alternative investment providing 1-to-1 exposure to the appreciation of the basket without a maximum return.

 

Example 3—Par Scenario. The hypothetical final basket value is 90 (a 10% decrease from the initial basket value), which is less than the initial basket value but greater than the buffer value.

 

Underlying	Hypothetical Final Underlying Value	Hypothetical Underlying Return	Weighting	Hypothetical Weighted Underlying Return
SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust	$59.00	-41%	50%	-20.50%
iShares® Russell 2000 ETF	$133.00	33%	15%	4.95%
iShares® MSCI EAFE ETF	$123.00	23%	15%	3.45%
iShares® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF	$115.00	15%	10%	1.50%
Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund	$110.00	10%	5%	0.50%

Vanguard® Real Estate ETF	$102.00	2%	5%	0.10%
Sum of the hypothetical weighted underlying returns:				-10%
Hypothetical final basket value: 100 × (1 + the sum of the hypothetical weighted underlying returns)				90

 

Payment at maturity per security = $1,000

 

Because the hypothetical final basket value is less than the initial basket value but greater than the buffer value, you would be repaid the stated principal amount of your securities at maturity but would not receive any positive return on your investment.

 

Example 4—Downside Scenario. The hypothetical final basket value is 50 (a 50% decrease from the initial basket value), which is less than the buffer value.

 

Underlying	Hypothetical Final Underlying Value	Hypothetical Underlying Return	Weighting	Hypothetical Weighted Underlying Return
SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust	$30.00	-70%	50%	-35.00%
iShares® Russell 2000 ETF	$50.00	-50%	15%	-7.50%
iShares® MSCI EAFE ETF	$65.00	-35%	15%	-5.25%
iShares® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF	$90.00	-10%	10%	-1.00%
Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund	$95.00	-5%	5%	-0.25%
Vanguard® Real Estate ETF	$80.00	-20%	5%	-1.00%
Sum of the hypothetical weighted underlying returns:				-50%
Hypothetical final basket value: 100 × (1 + the sum of the hypothetical weighted underlying returns)				50

Payment at maturity per security = $1,000 - ($1,000 × buffer value – final basket value )
                                                                                                    initial basket value

 

= $1,000 – ($1,000 × 85 – 50)
                                      100

 

= $1,000 - ($1,000 × 35%)

 

= $1,000 - $350

 

= $650

 

Because the basket depreciated from the initial basket value to the hypothetical final basket value by more than the buffer percentage, such that the hypothetical final basket value is less than the buffer value, your payment at maturity in this scenario would reflect 1-to-1 exposure to the negative performance of the basket beyond the buffer percentage.

 

Additional Terms of the Securities

 

The following provisions supersede the provisions in the product supplement to the extent that they are inconsistent from those provisions.

 

Certain Definitions

 

The “closing value” of an underlying on any date is the closing price of its underlying shares on such date, subject to adjustment as provided in the accompanying product supplement. The “underlying shares” of an underlying are its shares that are traded on a U.S. national securities exchange on the pricing date. Please see the accompanying product supplement for more information.

 

A “trading day” with respect to an underlying means a day, as determined by the calculation agent, on which the relevant stock exchange and each related futures or options exchange with respect to such underlying or any successor thereto, if applicable, are scheduled to be open for trading for their respective regular trading sessions.

 

The “relevant stock exchange” for an underlying means the primary exchange or quotation system on which shares (or other applicable securities) of such underlying are traded, as determined by the calculation agent.

 

The “related futures or options exchange” for an underlying means each exchange or quotation system where trading has a material effect (as determined by the calculation agent) on the overall market for futures or options contracts relating to such underlying.

 

Postponement of the Valuation Date

 

If the scheduled valuation date is not a trading day with respect to any underlying, the valuation date for each underlying will be postponed to the next succeeding day that is a trading day with respect to each underlying. The valuation date for an underlying is also subject to postponement due to the occurrence of a market disruption event with respect to such underlying. See “—Market Disruption Events.”

 

Market Disruption Events

 

A “market disruption event” means, with respect to an underlying, any of the following events as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion:

 

(A)

The occurrence or existence of a material suspension of or limitation imposed on trading by the relevant stock exchange or otherwise relating to the shares (or other applicable securities) of such underlying or any successor underlying on the relevant stock exchange at any time during the one-hour period that ends at the close of trading on such day, whether by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by such relevant stock exchange or otherwise.

 

(B)

The occurrence or existence of a material suspension of or limitation imposed on trading by any related futures or options exchange or otherwise in futures or options contracts relating to the shares (or other applicable securities) of such underlying or any successor underlying on any related futures or options exchange at any time during the one-hour period that ends at the close of trading on that day, whether by reason of movements in price exceeding limits permitted by the related futures or options exchange or otherwise.

 

(C)

The occurrence or existence of any event, other than an early closure, that materially disrupts or impairs the ability of market participants in general to effect transactions in, or obtain market values for, shares (or other applicable securities) of such underlying or any successor underlying on the relevant stock exchange at any time during the one-hour period that ends at the close of trading on that day.

 

(D)

The occurrence or existence of any event, other than an early closure, that materially disrupts or impairs the ability of market participants in general to effect transactions in, or obtain market values for, futures or options contracts relating to shares (or other applicable securities) of such underlying or any successor underlying on any related futures or options exchange at any time during the one-hour period that ends at the close of trading on that day.

 

(E)

The closure of the relevant stock exchange or any related futures or options exchange with respect to such underlying or any successor underlying prior to its scheduled closing time unless the earlier closing time is announced by the relevant stock exchange or related futures or options exchange, as applicable, at least one hour prior to the earlier of (1) the actual closing time for the regular trading session on such relevant stock exchange or related futures or options exchange, as applicable, and (2) the submission deadline for orders to be entered into the relevant stock exchange or related futures or options exchange, as applicable, system for execution at the close of trading on that day.

 

(F)

The relevant stock exchange or any related futures or options exchange with respect to such underlying or any successor underlying fails to open for trading during its regular trading session.

 

For purposes of determining whether a market disruption event has occurred with respect to an underlying:

 

(1)

“close of trading” means the scheduled closing time of the relevant stock exchange with respect to such underlying or any successor underlying; and

 

(2)

the “scheduled closing time” of the relevant stock exchange or any related futures or options exchange on any trading day for such underlying or any successor underlying means the scheduled weekday closing time of such relevant stock exchange or related futures or options exchange on such trading day, without regard to after hours or any other trading outside the regular trading session hours.

 

If a market disruption event occurs or is continuing with respect to an underlying on the valuation date, then the valuation date for such underlying will be postponed to the first succeeding trading day for such underlying on which a market disruption event for such underlying has not occurred and is not continuing; however, if such first succeeding trading day has not occurred as of the eighth trading day for such underlying after the originally scheduled valuation date, that eighth trading day shall be deemed to be the valuation date for such underlying. If the valuation date has been postponed eight trading days for an underlying after the originally scheduled valuation date and a market disruption event occurs or is continuing with respect to such underlying on such eighth trading day, the calculation agent will determine the closing value of such underlying on such eighth trading day based on its good faith estimate of the value of the underlying shares of such underlying as of the close of trading on such eighth trading day. Notwithstanding a postponement of the valuation date for a particular underlying due to a market disruption event with respect to such underlying, the originally scheduled valuation date will remain the valuation date for any underlying not affected by a market disruption event.

 

Delisting, Liquidation or Termination of an Underlying

 

If the closing value of an underlying is determined by reference to its underlying index as described in the accompanying product supplement in the section “Description of the Securities—Certain Additional Terms for Securities Linked to an Underlying Company or an Underlying ETF—Delisting, Liquidation or Termination of an Underlying ETF”, and at any time the publisher of such underlying index (i) announces that it will make a material change in the formula for or the method of calculating such underlying index or in any other way materially modifies such underlying index (other than a modification prescribed in that formula or method to maintain such underlying index in the event of changes in constituent stock and capitalization and other routine events) or (ii) permanently cancels such underlying index and no successor underlying index is chosen as described in the accompanying product supplement, then the calculation agent will (a) with respect to any underlying other than the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, calculate the closing value of the underlying index of such underlying in accordance with the formula last used to calculate such closing value before such event, but using only those securities that were held by the underlying index of such underlying immediately prior to such event without any rebalancing or substitution of such securities following such event; and (b) with respect to the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund, calculate the closing value of the underlying index of such underlying in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner. Such value, as calculated by the calculation agent, will be substituted for the relevant value of an underlying index for all purposes. In such event, the calculation agent will make such adjustments, if any, to any level of an underlying index that is used for purposes of the securities as it determines are appropriate in the circumstances.

 

Information About the Basket

 

The basket will represent an unequally weighted portfolio of the following six underlyings, with the return of each underlying having the weighting noted parenthetically: SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust (50%); the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF (15%); the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF (15%); the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (10%); the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund (5%); and the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF (5%). The value of the basket will increase or decrease depending upon the performance of the underlyings. For more information regarding the underlyings, see the information provided herein. The basket does not reflect the performance of all major securities markets.

 

While historical information on the value of the basket does not exist for dates prior to the pricing date, the following graph sets forth the hypothetical historical daily values of the basket for the period from January 2, 2014 to April 30, 2019, assuming that the basket was constructed on January 2, 2014 with a value of 100 on that date and that each of the underlyings had the applicable weighting as of such day. We obtained the closing values and other information used by us in order to create the graph below from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification.

 

The hypothetical historical basket values, as calculated solely for the purposes of the offering of the securities, fluctuated in the past and may, in the future, experience significant fluctuations. Any historical upward or downward trend in the value of the basket during any period shown below is not an indication that the percentage change in the value of the basket is more likely to be positive or negative during the term of the securities. The hypothetical historical values do not give an indication of future values of the basket.

 

 

The SPDR® S&P 500® ETF Trust

 

The SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust is an exchange-traded fund that seeks to provide investment results that, before expenses, correspond generally to the performance of the S&P 500^® Index. The S&P 500^® Index consists of the common stocks of 500 issuers selected to provide a performance benchmark for the large capitalization segment of the U.S. equity markets.

 

The SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust is managed by State Street Bank and Trust Company (“SSBTC”), as trustee of the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust and PDR Services LLC (“PDRS”), as sponsor of the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, can be located by reference to SEC file numbers 033-46080 and 811-06125, respectively, through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, information may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. The underlying shares of the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust trade on the NYSE Arca under the ticker symbol “SPY.”

 

We have derived all information regarding the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust. We make no representation as to the performance of the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust over the term of the securities.

 

The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.

 

Historical Information

 

The closing value of the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust on April 30, 2019 was $294.02.

 

The graph below shows the closing value of the SPDR^® S&P 500^® ETF Trust for each day such value was available from January 2, 2014 to April 30, 2019. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.

 

 

The iShares® Russell 2000 ETF

The iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF is an exchange-traded fund that seeks to provide investment results, before expenses, that generally correspond to the performance of the Russell 2000^® Index.

 

The iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF is an investment portfolio managed by iShares^®, Inc. BlackRock Fund Advisors is the investment advisor to the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF. iShares^®, Inc. is a registered investment company that consists of numerous separate investment portfolios, including the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by iShares^®, Inc. pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, can be located by reference to SEC file numbers 333-92935 and 811-09729, respectively, through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, information may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. The iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF trades on the NYSE Arca under the ticker symbol “IWM.”

 

We have derived all information regarding the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF. We make no representation as to the performance of the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF over the term of the securities.

 

The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to the holders of the securities.

 

Historical Information

 

The closing value of the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF on April 30, 2019 was $158.29.

 

The graph below shows the closing value of the iShares^® Russell 2000 ETF for each day such value was available from January 2, 2014 to April 30, 2019. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.

 

 

 

The iShares® MSCI EAFE ETF

 

The iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF is an exchange-traded fund that seeks to provide investment results that correspond generally to the performance, before fees and expenses, of the MSCI EAFE^® Index. The MSCI EAFE^® Index was developed by MSCI Inc. as an equity benchmark for international stock performance, and is designed to measure equity market performance in certain developed markets, excluding the United States and Canada.

 

The iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF is an investment portfolio managed by iShares^® Trust. BlackRock Fund Advisors is the investment adviser to the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF. iShares^® Trust is a registered investment company that consists of numerous separate investment portfolios, including the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by iShares^® Trust pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, can be located by reference to SEC file numbers 333-92935 and 811-09729, respectively, through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, information may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. The underlying shares of the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF trade on the NYSE Arca under the ticker symbol “EFA.”

 

We have derived all information regarding the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF. We make no representation as to the performance of the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF over the term of the securities.

 

The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.

 

Historical Information

 

The closing value of the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF on April 30, 2019 was $66.76.

 

The graph below shows the closing value of the iShares^® MSCI EAFE ETF for each day such value was available from January 2, 2014 to April 30, 2019. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.

 

 

 

The iShares® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF

 

The iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF is an exchange-traded fund that seeks to provide investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of publicly traded securities in emerging markets, as measured by the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index was developed by MSCI Inc. as an equity benchmark for international stock performance, and is designed to measure equity market performance in the global emerging markets.

 

The iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF is an investment portfolio managed by iShares^® Inc. BlackRock Fund Advisors is the investment adviser to the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF. iShares^®, Inc. is a registered investment company that consists of numerous separate investment portfolios, including the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by iShares^®, Inc. pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, can be located by reference to SEC file numbers 033-97598 and 811-09102, respectively, through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, information may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. The underlying shares of the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF trade on the NYSE Arca under the ticker symbol “EEM.”

 

We have derived all information regarding the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF. We make no representation as to the performance of the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF over the term of the securities.

 

The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.

 

Historical Information

 

The closing value of the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF on April 30, 2019 was $43.93.

 

The graph below shows the closing value of the iShares^® MSCI Emerging Markets ETF for each day such value was available from January 2, 2014 to April 30, 2019. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.

 

 

 

The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund

 

The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund’s investment objective is to track changes, whether positive or negative, in the level of the DBIQ Optimum Yield Diversified Commodity Index Excess Return™ over time, plus the excess, if any, of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund’s interest income from its holdings of United States Treasury and other high credit quality short-term fixed income securities over the expenses of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund. The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund pursues its investment objective by investing in a portfolio of exchange-traded futures contracts on the commodities composing the DBIQ Commodity Index. The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund’s portfolio also includes United States Treasury securities and other high credit quality short-term fixed income securities. The DBIQ Optimum Yield Diversified Commodity Index Excess Return™ is a commodity index that is designed to measure the performance of a rolling position in futures contracts on 14 physical commodities.

 

The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund is a commodity pool as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act and the regulations of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”). Invesco is a commodity pool operator registered with the CFTC. The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund is not an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, can be located by reference to SEC file number 001-32726 and can be accessed through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. None of such publicly available information is incorporated by reference into this pricing supplement. The Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund is listed on the NYSE Arca, Inc. under the ticker the ticker symbol “DBC.”

 

We have derived all information regarding the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund. We make no representation as to the performance of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund over the term of the securities.

 

The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.

 

Historical Information

 

The closing value of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund on April 30, 2019 was $16.09.

 

The graph below shows the closing value of the Invesco DB Commodity Index Tracking Fund for each day such value was available from January 2, 2014 to April 30, 2019. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.

 

 

 

The Vanguard® Real Estate ETF

 

The Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF is issued by Vanguard Specialized Funds, a registered open-end management investment company. The Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF is an exchange traded fund that seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the performance of publicly traded equity REITs and other real estate-related investments, which is currently the MSCI US Investable Market Real Estate 25/50 Index. Information provided to or filed with the SEC by the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, can be located by reference to SEC file numbers 002-88116 and 811-03916 and can be accessed through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. None of such publicly available information is incorporated by reference into this pricing supplement. The Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF is listed on the NYSE Arca, Inc. under the ticker symbol “VNQ.”

 

Prior to February 1, 2018, the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF tracked the MSCI US REIT Index. The MSCI US REIT Index aims to represent the performance of the equity REIT investment universe in the United States. The MSCI US REIT Index consists of REIT securities and covers approximately 85% of the U.S. REIT universe. The MSCI US Investable Market Real Estate 25/50 Index is designed to measure the performance of the large-, mid- and small-cap segments of the real estate sector of the U.S. equities market, as classified under the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS). The GICS real estate sector is composed of equity real estate investment trusts (known as REITs), which includes specialized REITs, and real estate management and development companies. In early February 2018, the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF ceased tracking the MSCI U.S. REIT Index and began tracking the MSCI US Investable Market Real Estate 25/50 Transition Index on an interim basis. The MSCI US Investable Market Real Estate 25/50 Transition Index was an interim index that gradually increased exposure to other real estate-related investments while proportionately reducing exposure to other stocks based on their weightings in the MSCI US Investable Market Real Estate 25/50 Index. In late July 2018, the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF began tracking the MSCI US Investable Market Real Estate 25/50 Index.

 

In addition to investing in the securities that make up its underlying index, the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF may also invest a portion of its assets in the Vanguard^® Real Estate II Index Fund. The Vanguard^® Real Estate II Index Fund is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF and has the same investment strategy as the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF. The performance of the Vanguard^® Real Estate II Index Fund will reflect fees and expenses separate from and in addition to those of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF itself. These separate fees and expenses may reduce the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF’s performance and may further increase the tracking error of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF.

 

We have derived all information regarding the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF from publicly available information and have not independently verified any information regarding the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF. This pricing supplement relates only to the securities and not to the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF. We make no representation as to the performance of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF over the term of the securities.

 

The securities represent obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (guaranteed by Citigroup Inc.) only. The sponsor of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF is not involved in any way in this offering and has no obligation relating to the securities or to holders of the securities.

 

Historical Information

 

The closing value of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF on April 30, 2019 was $86.77.

 

The graph below shows the closing value of the Vanguard^® Real Estate ETF for each day such value was available from January 2, 2014 to April 30, 2019. We obtained the closing values from Bloomberg L.P., without independent verification. You should not take historical closing values as an indication of future performance.

 

 

 

 

 

United States Federal Tax Considerations

 

You should read carefully the discussion under “United States Federal Tax Considerations” and “Risk Factors Relating to the Securities” in the accompanying product supplement and “Summary Risk Factors” in this pricing supplement.

 

In the opinion of our counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, which is based on current market conditions, a security should be treated as a prepaid forward contract for U.S. federal income tax purposes. By purchasing a security, you agree (in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary) to this treatment. There is uncertainty regarding this treatment, and the IRS or a court might not agree with it.

 

Assuming this treatment of the securities is respected and subject to the discussion in “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in the accompanying product supplement, the following U.S. federal income tax consequences should result under current law:

 

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You should not recognize taxable income over the term of the securities prior to maturity, other than pursuant to a sale or exchange.

 

·

Upon a sale or exchange of a security (including retirement at maturity), you should recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and your tax basis in the security. Subject to the discussion below concerning the potential application of the “constructive ownership” rules under Section 1260 of the Code, any gain or loss recognized upon a sale, exchange or retirement of a security should be long-term capital gain or loss if you held the security for more than one year.

 

Even if the treatment of the securities as prepaid forward contracts is respected, your purchase of a security may be treated as entry into a “constructive ownership transaction,” within the meaning of Section 1260 of the Code, with respect to the basket components. In that case, all or a portion of any long-term capital gain you would otherwise recognize in respect of your securities would be recharacterized as ordinary income to the extent such gain exceeded the “net underlying long-term capital gain.” Any long-term capital gain recharacterized as ordinary income under Section 1260 would be treated as accruing at a constant rate over the period you held your securities, and you would be subject to an interest charge in respect of the deemed tax liability on the income treated as accruing in prior tax years. Due to the lack of governing authority under Section 1260, our counsel is not able to opine as to whether or how Section 1260 applies to the securities. You should read the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders—Potential Application of Section 1260 of the Code” in the accompanying product supplement for additional information and consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of the “constructive ownership” rule.

 

We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS regarding the treatment of the securities. An alternative characterization of the securities could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the securities, including the timing and character of income recognized. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS have requested comments on various issues regarding the U.S. federal income tax treatment of “prepaid forward contracts” and similar financial instruments and have indicated that such transactions may be the subject of future regulations or other guidance. Furthermore, members of Congress have proposed legislative changes to the tax treatment of derivative contracts. Any legislation, Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the securities, possibly with retroactive effect. You should consult your tax adviser regarding possible alternative tax treatments of the securities and potential changes in applicable law.

 

Non-U.S. Holders. Subject to the discussions below and in “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in the accompanying product supplement, if you are a Non-U.S. Holder (as defined in the accompanying product supplement) of the securities, you generally should not be subject to U.S. federal withholding or income tax in respect of any amount paid to you with respect to the securities, provided that (i) income in respect of the securities is not effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and (ii) you comply with the applicable certification requirements.

 

As discussed under “United States Federal Tax Considerations—Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders” in the accompanying product supplement, Section 871(m) of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (“Section 871(m)”) generally impose a 30% withholding tax on dividend equivalents paid or deemed paid to Non-U.S. Holders with respect to certain financial instruments linked to U.S. equities (“U.S. Underlying Equities”) or indices that include U.S. Underlying Equities. Section 871(m) generally applies to instruments that substantially replicate the economic performance of one or more U.S. Underlying Equities, as determined based on tests set forth in the applicable Treasury regulations. However, the regulations, as modified by an IRS notice, exempt financial instruments issued prior to January 1, 2021 that do not have a “delta” of one. Based on the terms of the securities and representations provided by us, our counsel is of the opinion that the securities should not be treated as transactions that have a “delta” of one within the meaning of the regulations with respect to any U.S. Underlying Equity and, therefore, should not be subject to withholding tax under Section 871(m).

 

A determination that the securities are not subject to Section 871(m) is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may disagree with this treatment. Moreover, Section 871(m) is complex and its application may depend on your particular circumstances, including your other transactions. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the potential application of Section 871(m) to the securities.

 

If withholding tax applies to the securities, we will not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts withheld.

 

You should read the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in the accompanying product supplement. The preceding discussion, when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP regarding the material U.S. federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of the securities.

 

You should also consult your tax adviser regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of an investment in the securities and any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or non-U.S. taxing jurisdiction.

 

Supplemental Plan of Distribution

 

Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Global Selling Agency Agreement, dated April 7, 2017, CGMI, acting as principal, will purchase the securities from Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. CGMI, as the lead agent for the offering, has agreed to sell the securities to Wells Fargo, as agent. Wells Fargo will receive an underwriting discount and commission of 4.40% ($44) for each security it sells. Wells Fargo will pay selected dealers, which may include WFA, a fixed selling commission of 2.50% ($25) for each security they sell. In addition to the selling commission allowed to WFA, Wells Fargo will pay $1.20 per security of the underwriting discount and commission to WFA as a distribution expense fee for each security sold by WFA.

 

The public offering price of the securities includes the underwriting discount and commission described on the cover page of this pricing supplement and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the securities. We expect to hedge our obligations under the securities through affiliated or unaffiliated counterparties, which may include our affiliates or affiliates of Wells Fargo. Our cost of hedging will include the projected profit that such counterparties, which may include our affiliates and affiliates of Wells Fargo, expect to realize in consideration for assuming the risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the securities. Because hedging our obligations entails risks and may be influenced by market forces beyond the control of any counterparty, which may include our affiliates and affiliates of Wells Fargo, such hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or could result in a loss.

 

This pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus may be used by Wells Fargo or an affiliate of Wells Fargo in connection with offers and sales related to market-making or other transactions in the securities. Wells Fargo or an affiliate of Wells Fargo may act as principal or agent in such transactions. Such sales will be made at prices related to prevailing market prices at the time of sale or otherwise.

 

No action has been or will be taken by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., Wells Fargo or any broker-dealer affiliates of any of them that would permit a public offering of the securities or possession or distribution of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement or prospectus in any jurisdiction, other than the United States, where action for that purpose is required. No offers, sales or deliveries of the securities, or distribution of this pricing supplement, the accompanying product supplement or prospectus supplement and prospectus, may be made in or from any jurisdiction except in circumstances that will result in compliance with any applicable laws and regulations and will not impose any obligations on Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., Wells Fargo or any broker-dealer affiliates of any of them.

 

For the following jurisdictions, please note specifically:

 

Argentina

 

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.’s Series N Medium-Term Senior Notes program and the related offer of the securities and the sale of the securities under the terms and conditions provided herein does not constitute a public offering in Argentina. Consequently, no public offering approval has been requested or granted by the Comisión Nacional de Valores, nor has any listing authorization of the securities been requested on any stock market in Argentina.

 

Brazil

 

The securities may not be offered or sold to the public in Brazil. Accordingly, this pricing supplement and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus have not been submitted to the Comissão de Valores Mobiliáros for approval. Documents relating to this offering may not be supplied to the public as a public offering in Brazil or be used in connection with any offer for subscription or sale to the public in Brazil.

 

Chile

 

The securities have not been registered with the Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros in Chile and may not be offered or sold publicly in Chile. No offer, sales or deliveries of the securities, or distribution of this pricing supplement or the prospectus supplement and prospectus, may be made in or from Chile except in circumstances that will result in compliance with any applicable Chilean laws and regulations.

 

Mexico

 

The securities have not been registered with the National Registry of Securities maintained by the Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission and may not be offered or sold publicly in Mexico. This pricing supplement and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus may not be publicly distributed in Mexico.

 

Paraguay

 

This is a private and personal offering. The securities offered have not been approved by or registered with the National Securities Commission (Comisión Nacional de Valores) and are not part of a public offering as defined by the Paraguayan Securities Law. The information contained herein is for informational and marketing purposes only and should not be taken as an investment advice.

 

Peru

 

The securities have not been and will not be registered with the Capital Markets Public Registry of the Capital Markets Superintendence (SMV) nor the Lima Stock Exchange Registry (RBVL) for their public offering in Peru under the Peruvian Capital Markets Law (Law N°861/ Supreme Decree N°093-2002) and the decrees and regulations thereunder.

 

Consequently, the securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus or any other offering material relating to the securities be distributed or caused to be distributed in Peru to the general public. The securities may only be offered in a private offering without using mass marketing, which is defined as a marketing strategy utilizing mass distribution and mass media to offer, negotiate or distribute securities to the whole market. Mass media includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, mail, meetings, social networks, Internet servers located in Peru, and other media or technology platforms.

 

Taiwan

 

These securities may be made available outside Taiwan for purchase by Taiwan residents outside Taiwan but may not be offered or sold in Taiwan.

 

Valuation of the Securities

 

CGMI calculated the estimated value of the securities set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement based on proprietary pricing models. CGMI’s proprietary pricing models generated an estimated value for the securities by estimating the value of a hypothetical package of financial instruments that would replicate the payout on the securities, which consists of a fixed-income bond (the “bond component”) and one or more derivative instruments underlying the economic terms of the securities (the “derivative component”). CGMI calculated the estimated value of the bond component using a discount rate based on our internal funding rate. CGMI calculated the estimated value of the derivative component based on a proprietary derivative-pricing model, which generated a theoretical price for the instruments that constitute the derivative component based on various inputs, including the factors described under “Summary Risk Factors—The Value Of The Securities Prior To Maturity Will Fluctuate Based On Many Unpredictable Factors” in this pricing supplement, but not including our or Citigroup Inc.’s creditworthiness. These inputs may be market-observable or may be based on assumptions made by CGMI in its discretionary judgment.

 

We have been advised that, for a period of approximately five months following issuance of the securities, the price, if any, at which Wells Fargo would be willing to buy the securities from investors, and the value that will be indicated for the securities on any brokerage account statements prepared by Wells Fargo or its affiliates, will reflect a temporary upward adjustment from the price or value that would otherwise be determined. This temporary upward adjustment represents a portion of the costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the securities that are included in the public offering price of the securities. The amount of this temporary upward adjustment will decline to zero on a straight-line basis over the five-month temporary adjustment period. However, Wells Fargo is not obligated to buy the securities from investors at any time. See “Summary Risk Factors—The Securities Will Not Be Listed On Any Securities Exchange And You May Not Be Able To Sell Them Prior To Maturity.”

 

Validity of the Securities

 

In the opinion of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, as special products counsel to Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., when the securities offered by this pricing supplement have been executed and issued by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and authenticated by the trustee pursuant to the indenture, and delivered against payment therefor, such securities and the related guarantee of Citigroup Inc. will be valid and binding obligations of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc., respectively, enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith), provided that such counsel expresses no opinion as to the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above. This opinion is given as of the date of this pricing supplement and is limited to the laws of the State of New York, except that such counsel expresses no opinion as to the application of state securities or Blue Sky laws to the securities.

 

In giving this opinion, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP has assumed the legal conclusions expressed in the opinions set forth below of Scott L. Flood, General Counsel and Secretary of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., and Barbara Politi, Assistant General Counsel—Capital Markets of Citigroup Inc. In addition, this opinion is subject to the assumptions set forth in the letter of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP dated May 17, 2018, which has been filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Citigroup Inc. on May 17, 2018, that the indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid, binding and enforceable agreement of, the trustee and that none of the terms of the securities nor the issuance and delivery of the securities and the related guarantee, nor the compliance by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. and Citigroup Inc. with the terms of the securities and the related guarantee respectively, will result in a violation of any provision of any instrument or agreement then binding upon Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. or Citigroup Inc., as applicable, or any restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. or Citigroup Inc., as applicable.

 

In the opinion of Scott L. Flood, Secretary and General Counsel of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., (i) the terms of the securities offered by this pricing supplement have been duly established under the indenture and the Board of Directors (or a duly authorized committee thereof) of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. has duly authorized the issuance and sale of such securities and such authorization has not been modified or rescinded; (ii) Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of New York; (iii) the indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.; and (iv) the execution and delivery of such indenture and of the securities offered by this pricing supplement by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., and the performance by Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. of its obligations thereunder, are within its corporate powers and do not contravene its certificate of incorporation or bylaws or other constitutive documents. This opinion is given as of the date of this pricing supplement and is limited to the laws of the State of New York.

 

Scott L. Flood, or other internal attorneys with whom he has consulted, has examined and is familiar with originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to his satisfaction, of such corporate records of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc., certificates or documents as he has deemed appropriate as a basis for the opinions expressed above. In such examination, he or such persons has assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures (other than those of officers of Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.), the authenticity of all documents submitted to him or such persons as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to him or such persons as certified or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of such copies.

 

In the opinion of Barbara Politi, Assistant General Counsel—Capital Markets of Citigroup Inc., (i) the Board of Directors (or a duly authorized committee thereof) of Citigroup Inc. has duly authorized the guarantee of such securities by Citigroup Inc. and such authorization has not been modified or rescinded; (ii) Citigroup Inc. is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware; (iii) the indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Citigroup Inc.; and (iv) the execution and delivery of such indenture, and the performance by Citigroup Inc. of its obligations thereunder, are within its corporate powers and do not contravene its certificate of incorporation or bylaws or other constitutive documents. This opinion is given as of the date of this pricing supplement and is limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

Barbara Politi, or other internal attorneys with whom she has consulted, has examined and is familiar with originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to her satisfaction, of such corporate records of Citigroup Inc., certificates or documents as she has deemed appropriate as a basis for the opinions expressed above. In such examination, she or such persons has assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures (other than those of officers of Citigroup Inc.), the authenticity of all documents submitted to her or such persons as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to her or such persons as certified or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of such copies.

 

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