e10vq
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-Q
 
(Mark One)
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2009
Or
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from            to
Commission file number: 001-31719
Molina Healthcare, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   13-4204626
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)
     
200 Oceangate, Suite 100    
Long Beach, California   90802
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
(562) 435-3666
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ     No o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o     No o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer oAccelerated filer þ 
Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o     No þ
     The number of shares of the issuer’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of July 31, 2009, was approximately 25,535,000.
 
 

 


 

MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC.
Index
         
Part I — Financial Information
 
       
       
 
       
    3  
 
       
    4  
 
       
    5  
 
       
    6  
 
       
    8  
 
       
    21  
 
       
    42  
 
       
    43  
 
       
Part II — Other Information
 
       
    44  
 
       
    44  
 
       
    44  
 
       
    45  
 
       
    45  
 
       
    45  
 
       
    46  
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1
 EX-32.2

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1: Financial Statements.
MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
    2009     2008 (1)  
    (Unaudited)          
    (Amounts in thousands, except per-share data)  
 
               
ASSETS
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 417,837     $ 387,162  
Investments
    180,398       189,870  
Receivables
    151,440       128,562  
Refundable income taxes
          4,019  
Deferred income taxes (1)
    6,829       9,071  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    14,034       14,766  
 
           
Total current assets
    770,538       733,450  
Property and equipment, net
    73,957       65,058  
Goodwill and intangible assets, net
    204,040       192,599  
Investments
    62,017       58,169  
Restricted investments
    44,736       38,202  
Receivable for ceded life and annuity contracts
    26,153       27,367  
Other assets (1)
    21,718       33,223  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 1,203,159     $ 1,148,068  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
               
Medical claims and benefits payable
  $ 308,707     $ 292,442  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    60,016       66,247  
Deferred revenue
    84,176       29,538  
Income taxes payable
    5,401        
 
           
Total current liabilities
    458,300       388,227  
Long-term debt (1)
    156,484       164,873  
Deferred income taxes (1)
    13,891       12,911  
Liability for ceded life and annuity contracts
    26,153       27,367  
Other long-term liabilities
    14,156       22,928  
 
           
Total liabilities
    668,984       616,306  
 
           
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 80,000 shares authorized, outstanding: 25,529 shares at June 30, 2009 and 26,725 shares at December 31, 2008
    26       27  
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 20,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
           
Additional paid-in capital (1)
    138,058       170,681  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (1,702 )     (2,310 )
Retained earnings (1)
    410,530       383,754  
Treasury stock, at cost; 544 shares at June 30, 2009 and 1,201 shares at December 31, 2008
    (12,737 )     (20,390 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    534,175       531,762  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 1,203,159     $ 1,148,068  
 
           
 
(1)   The Company’s consolidated financial position as of December 31, 2008, has been recast to reflect adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Staff Position (FSP) APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (FSP APB 14-1). The cumulative adjustments to reduce retained earnings were $3.4 million as of January 1, 2009.
See accompanying notes.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2009     2008 (1)     2009     2008 (1)  
            (Amounts in thousands, except          
            net income per share)          
            (Unaudited)          
Revenue:
                               
Premium revenue
  $ 925,507     $ 761,153     $ 1,782,991     $ 1,490,791  
Investment income
    2,082       5,338       5,629       12,742  
 
                       
Total revenue
    927,589       766,491       1,788,620       1,503,533  
Expenses:
                               
Medical care costs
    803,206       640,829       1,541,094       1,267,176  
General and administrative expenses
    94,073       87,074       185,581       165,166  
Depreciation and amortization
    9,584       8,330       18,636       16,482  
 
                       
Total expenses
    906,863       736,233       1,745,311       1,448,824  
 
                       
 
Gain on retirement of convertible senior notes
                1,532        
 
                       
Operating income
    20,726       30,258       44,841       54,709  
Interest expense (1)
    (3,223 )     (3,425 )     (6,638 )     (6,793 )
 
                       
Income before income taxes (1)
    17,503       26,833       38,203       47,916  
Provision for income taxes (1)
    2,938       11,010       11,427       19,618  
 
                       
Net income (1)
  $ 14,565     $ 15,823     $ 26,776     $ 28,298  
 
                       
Net income per share (1):
                               
Basic
  $ 0.56     $ 0.57     $ 1.02     $ 1.00  
 
                       
Diluted (2)
  $ 0.56     $ 0.56     $ 1.02     $ 1.00  
 
                       
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    25,788       27,997       26,157       28,229  
 
                       
Diluted (2)
    25,870       28,044       26,241       28,324  
 
                       
 
(1)   The Company’s consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, have been recast to reflect adoption of FSP APB 14-1. This resulted in additional interest expense of $1.2 million ($0.03 per diluted share) for the three months ended June 30, 2008, and $2.3 million ($0.05 per diluted share) for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
 
(2)   Potentially dilutive shares issuable pursuant to the Company’s 2007 offering of convertible senior notes were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, respectively.
See accompanying notes.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2009     2008 (1)     2009     2008 (1)  
    (Amounts in thousands)     (Amounts in thousands)  
    (Unaudited)     (Unaudited)  
Net income (1)
  $ 14,565     $ 15,823     $ 26,776     $ 28,298  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
                               
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments
    640       (1,092 )     608       (3,247 )
 
                       
Other comprehensive income (loss)
    640       (1,092 )     608       (3,247 )
 
                       
Comprehensive income (1)
  $ 15,205     $ 14,731     $ 27,384     $ 25,051  
 
                       
 
(1)   The Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, have been recast to reflect adoption of FSP APB 14-1.
See accompanying notes.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
                 
    Six Months Ended  
    June 30,  
    2009     2008  
    (Amounts in thousands)  
    (Unaudited)  
Operating activities
               
Net income (1)
  $ 26,776     $ 28,298  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    18,636       16,482  
Unrealized gain on trading securities
    (3,610 )      
Loss on rights agreement
    3,296        
Gain on purchase and retirement of convertible senior notes
    (1,532 )      
Non-cash interest on convertible senior notes (1)
    2,366       2,310  
Amortization of deferred financing costs (1)
    696       717  
Deferred income taxes
    3,245       (6,490 )
Tax deficiency from employee stock compensation recorded as additional paid-in capital
    (547 )     (156 )
Stock-based compensation
    3,458       3,587  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Receivables
    (22,878 )     (2,060 )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
    732       (1,963 )
Medical claims and benefits payable
    16,265       (6,065 )
Deferred revenue
    54,638       10,066  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    (15,726 )     (10,620 )
Income taxes
    9,025       5,191  
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    94,840       39,297  
 
           
 
               
Investing activities
               
Purchases of equipment
    (19,924 )     (17,098 )
Purchases of investments
    (72,182 )     (163,447 )
Sales and maturities of investments
    82,292       137,805  
Increase in restricted cash
    (6,534 )     (856 )
Cash paid in business purchase transaction
          (1,000 )
Increase in other assets
    (2,761 )     (2,177 )
(Decrease) increase in other long-term liabilities
    (8,772 )     2,610  
 
           
Net cash used in investing activities
    (27,881 )     (44,163 )
 
           
 
               
Financing activities
               
Treasury stock purchases
    (27,712 )     (29,966 )
Purchase and retirement of convertible senior notes
    (9,653 )      
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchases
    1,081       1,192  
 
           
Net cash used in financing activities
    (36,284 )     (28,774 )
 
           
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    30,675       (33,640 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    387,162       459,064  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 417,837     $ 425,424  
 
           
 
(1)   The Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2008, has been recast to reflect adoption of FSP APB 14-1.
See accompanying notes.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (cont’d)
                 
    Six Months Ended  
    June 30,  
    2009     2008  
    (Amounts in thousands)  
    (Unaudited)  
Supplemental cash flow information
               
Cash paid during the period for:
               
Income taxes
  $ 9,957     $ 20,307  
 
           
Interest
  $ 3,935     $ 3,892  
 
           
Schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
               
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments
  $ 876     $ (5,443 )
Deferred taxes
    (268 )     2,196  
 
           
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments
  $ 608     $ (3,247 )
 
           
Retirement of common stock used for stock-based compensation
  $ (775 )   $ (366 )
 
           
Accrued purchases of equipment
  $ 394     $ 1,595  
 
           
Retirement of treasury stock
  $ 35,365     $  
 
           
Details of business purchase transaction:
               
Fair value of assets acquired
  $     $ 2,262  
Common stock issued to seller
          (1,262 )
 
           
Net cash paid in business purchase transaction
  $     $ 1,000  
 
           
Business purchase transactions adjustments:
               
Other assets
  $ 9,000     $  
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    8,326       1,265  
Deferred taxes
          65  
 
           
Goodwill and intangible assets, net
  $ 17,326     $ 1,330  
 
           

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MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
June 30, 2009
1. Basis of Presentation
Organization and Operations
     Molina Healthcare, Inc. is a multi-state managed care organization participating exclusively in government-sponsored health care programs for low-income persons, such as the Medicaid program and the Children’s Health Insurance Program, or CHIP. We also serve a small number of low-income Medicare members. We conduct our business primarily through 10 licensed health plans in the states of California, Florida, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, Utah, and Washington. The health plans are locally operated by our respective wholly owned subsidiaries in those 10 states, each of which is licensed as a health maintenance organization, or HMO.
Consolidation and Interim Financial Information
     The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Molina Healthcare, Inc. and all majority owned subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results as of the date and for the interim periods presented have been included. Except as described below, such adjustments consist of normal recurring adjustments. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The condensed consolidated results of operations for the current interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year ending December 31, 2009. Financial information related to subsidiaries acquired during any year is included only for the period subsequent to their acquisition.
     The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared under the assumption that users of the interim financial data have either read or have access to our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008. Accordingly, certain disclosures that would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the December 31, 2008 audited consolidated financial statements have been omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with our December 31, 2008 audited financial statements.
     In preparing the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we have evaluated subsequent events through August 7, 2009, the date of issuance of the financial statements.
     Effective January 1, 2009, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Staff Position (FSP) APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (FSP APB 14-1). This change in accounting treatment has been applied retrospectively to prior periods, and resulted in additional interest expense of $1.2 million ($0.03 per diluted share) for the three months ended June 30, 2008, and $2.3 million ($0.05 per diluted share) for the six months ended June 30, 2008. The cumulative adjustments to reduce retained earnings were $3.4 million as of January 1, 2009, and $0.6 million as of January 1, 2008. For a comprehensive discussion of the application of FSP APB 14-1, and its impact to the accompanying financial statements, see Note 8, “Convertible Senior Notes.”
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Investments
     We account for our investments in marketable securities in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. (SFAS) 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Except for restricted investments and certain student loan portfolios (the “auction rate securities”), marketable securities are designated as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities, if any, are recorded in stockholders’ equity as other comprehensive income (loss) net of applicable income taxes. Realized gains and losses and unrealized losses judged to be other than temporary with respect to available-for-sale and held-

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to-maturity securities are included in the determination of net income. The cost of securities sold is determined using the specific-identification method, on an amortized cost basis. Fair values of securities are generally based on quoted prices in active markets.
     Our investment policy requires that all of our investments have final maturities of ten years or less (excluding auction rate and variable rate securities where interest rates may be periodically reset), and that the average maturity be four years or less. Investments and restricted investments are subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market rates increase. Declines in interest rates over time will reduce our investment income.
     In general, our available-for-sale securities are classified as current assets without regard to the securities’ contractual maturity dates because they may be readily liquidated. During 2008, our auction rate securities were classified as non-current assets. During the fourth quarter of 2008, certain auction rate securities were designated as trading securities. For comprehensive discussions of the fair value and classification of our current and non-current investments, including auction rate securities, see Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements,” and Note 4, “Investments.”
Earnings Per Share
     The denominators for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated as follows:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,
    2009   2008   2009   2008
 
  (In thousands)
Shares outstanding at the beginning of the period
    25,991       28,479       26,725       28,444  
Weighted average number of treasury shares purchased
    (205 )     (489 )     (618 )     (244 )
Weighted average number of shares issued under employee stock plans
    2       7       50       29  
 
                               
Denominator for basic earnings per share
    25,788       27,997       26,157       28,229  
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and restricted stock (1)
    82       47       84       95  
 
                               
Denominator for diluted earnings per share (2)
    25,870       28,044       26,241       28,324  
 
                               
 
(1)   Options to purchase common shares are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when their exercise prices are below the average fair value of the common shares for each of the periods presented. For the three months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, there were approximately 623,000 and 554,000 antidilutive weighted options, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, there were approximately 625,000 and 363,000 antidilutive weighted options, respectively. Restricted shares are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when their grant date fair values are below the average fair value of the common shares for each of the periods presented. For the three months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, there were approximately 292,000, and 441,000 antidilutive weighted restricted shares, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, there were approximately 34,000, and 245,000 antidilutive weighted restricted shares, respectively.
 
(2)   Potentially dilutive shares issuable pursuant to our convertible senior notes were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.
Stock-Based Compensation
     At June 30, 2009, we had employee equity incentives outstanding under two plans: (1) the 2002 Equity Incentive Plan; and (2) the 2000 Omnibus Stock and Incentive Plan (from which equity incentives are no longer awarded). Charged to general and administrative expenses, total stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 was as follows:

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    Three Months Ended     Six Months  
    June 30,     Ended June 30,  
    2009     2008     2009     2008  
    (In thousands)  
Restricted stock awards
  $ 1,822     $ 1,311     $ 2,874     $ 2,207  
Stock options (including shares issued under our employee stock purchase plan)
    202       764       584       1,380  
 
                       
Total stock-based compensation expense
  $ 2,024     $ 2,075     $ 3,458     $ 3,587  
 
                       
     As of June 30, 2009, there was $18.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards, which we expect to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.0 years. Also as of June 30, 2009, there was $1.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.
     Non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock unit activity for the six months ended June 30, 2009 is summarized below:
                 
            Weighted
            Average
            Grant Date
    Shares   Fair Value
Non-vested balance as of December 31, 2008
    470,955     $ 31.95  
Granted
    405,100       18.82  
Vested
    (124,816 )     30.47  
Forfeited
    (32,000 )     26.14  
 
               
Non-vested balance as of June 30, 2009
    719,239       25.07  
 
               
     The total fair value of restricted shares granted during the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 was $7.6 million and $11.6 million, respectively. The total fair value of restricted shares vested during the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 was $2.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively.
     Stock option activity during the six months ended June 30, 2009 is summarized below:
                                 
                            Weighted  
                            Average  
            Weighted     Aggregate     Remaining  
            Average     Intrinsic     Contractual  
            Exercise     Value (in     Term  
    Shares     Price     Thousands)     (Years)  
Stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2008
    665,339     $ 30.29                  
Forfeited
    (8,100 )     32.51                  
 
                             
Stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2009
    657,239       30.26     $ 327       6.3  
 
                         
Stock options exercisable and expected to vest as of June 30, 2009
    644,056     $ 30.22     $ 327       6.3  
 
                       
Exercisable as of June 30, 2009
    541,413     $ 29.86     $ 327       6.0  
 
                       
Income Taxes
     We record accruals for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the requirements of FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48). Our accrual for unrecognized tax benefits decreased $9.7 million to $2.0 million as of June 30, 2009, from $11.7 million as of December 31, 2008. The $9.7 million decrease in our accrual for unrecognized tax benefits was recorded as (i) a gross discrete tax benefit of $3.8 million ($3.6 million net of tax), (ii) a reduction in deferred tax assets of $5.2 million, and (iii) an increase in taxes payable of $0.7 million. The decrease was primarily related to settling certain tax examinations and voluntarily electing to change certain tax accounting methods during the quarter ended June 30, 2009. Approximately $1.5 million of the $2.0 million in unrecognized tax benefits at June 30, 2009, would affect our effective tax rate, if recognized. We anticipate a decrease of $0.8 million to our liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve-month period.
     Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Our accrual for the payment of interest relating to unrecognized tax benefits decreased $1.2 million

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($0.8 million net of tax) to $0.2 million as of June 30, 2009, from $1.4 million as of December 31, 2008. The accrual for interest on unrecognized tax benefits decreased as a result of the $9.7 million decrease in the accrual for unrecognized tax benefits as described above. The decrease in accrued interest for unrecognized tax benefits resulted in a discrete tax benefit of $0.8 million which we recorded in the quarter ended June 30, 2009.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
     On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued FSP SFAS 107-1 and Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 28-1, Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments (FSP 107-1). FSP 107-1 amends SFAS 107, Disclosures about Fair Values of Financial Instruments, to require disclosures about fair value of financial instruments in interim financial statements as well as in annual financial statements. It also amends APB 28, Interim Financial Reporting, to require those disclosures in all interim financial statements. We adopted FSP 107-1 as of April 1, 2009; the disclosures required by FSP 107-1 are reported in Note 3, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments.”
     On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued FSP SFAS 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly (FSP 157-4). FSP 157-4 provides additional guidance in determining whether a market for a financial asset is not active and a transaction is not distressed for fair value measurement purposes as defined in SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements. We adopted FSP 157-4 as of April 1, 2009; FSP 157-4 did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or disclosures for second quarter 2009.
     On April 9, 2009, the FASB issued FSP SFAS 115-2, SFAS 124-2, and EITF 99-20-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments (FSP 115-2). FSP 115-2 provides guidance in determining whether impairments in debt securities are other than temporary, and modifies the presentation and disclosures surrounding such instruments. We adopted FSP 115-2 as of April 1, 2009; FSP 115-2 did not have a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or disclosures for second quarter 2009. The disclosures required by FSP 115-2 are reported in Note 4, “Investments,” and Note 6, “Restricted Investments.”
     In May 2009, the FASB issued SFAS 165, “Subsequent Events.” SFAS 165 modifies the definition of what qualifies as a subsequent event—those events or transactions that occur following the balance sheet date, but before the financial statements are issued, or are available to be issued—and requires companies to disclose the date through which it has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for determining that date. We adopted the provisions of SFAS 165 for second quarter 2009, in accordance with the effective date. The disclosure required by SFAS 165 is included in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation.”
     Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the AICPA, and the SEC did not, or are not believed by management to, have a material impact on our present or future consolidated financial statements.
3. Fair Value Measurements
     Our consolidated balance sheets include the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables, trade accounts payable, medical claims and benefits payable, long-term debt and other liabilities. We consider the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, other current assets and current liabilities to approximate their fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization or payment. For a comprehensive discussion of fair value measurements with regard to our current and non-current investments, see below.
     Based on quoted market prices, the fair value of our convertible senior notes issued in October 2007 was $149.1 million as of June 30, 2009, and $115.5 million as of December 31, 2008. The carrying amount of the convertible senior notes was $156.5 million as of June 30, 2009.
     We adopted SFAS  157, Fair Value Measurements as of January 1, 2008. SFAS 157 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. FASB FSP

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157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, applies to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, and was effective January 1, 2009. The adoption of this standard had no impact on us for the six months ended June 30, 2009.
     As of June 30, 2009, we held certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These included investments and restricted investments as follows:
     
Balance Sheet    
Classification   Description
Current assets:
   
Investments
  Investment grade debt securities; designated as available-for-sale; reported at fair value based on market prices that are readily available (Level 1). See Note 4, “Investments,” for further information regarding fair value measurements.
 
   
Non-current assets:
   
Investments
  Auction rate securities; designated as available-for-sale; reported at fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other type of valuation model (Level 3).
 
   
 
  Auction rate securities; designated as trading; reported at fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other type of valuation model (Level 3).
 
   
Other assets
  Other assets include auction rate securities rights (the “Rights”); reported at fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other type of valuation model (Level 3).
 
   
Restricted investments
  Interest-bearing deposits and U.S. treasury securities required by the respective states in which we operate, or required by contractual arrangement with a third party such as a provider group; designated as held-to-maturity; reported at amortized cost which approximates market value and based on market prices that are readily available (Level 1). See Note 6, “Restricted Investments,” for further information regarding fair value measurements.
     As of June 30, 2009, $70.1 million par value (fair value of $62.0 million) of our investments consisted of auction rate securities, all of which were collateralized by student loan portfolios guaranteed by the U.S. government. We continued to earn interest on substantially all of these auction rate securities as of June 30, 2009. Due to events in the credit markets, the auction rate securities held by us experienced failed auctions beginning in the first quarter of 2008. As such, quoted prices in active markets were not readily available during the majority of 2008, and continued to be unavailable as of June 30, 2009. To estimate the fair value of these securities, we used pricing models that included factors such as the collateral underlying the securities, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, and the expectation of the next time the security would have a successful auction. The estimated values of these securities were also compared, when possible, to valuation data with respect to similar securities held by other parties. We concluded that these estimates, given the lack of market available pricing, provided a reasonable basis for determining fair value of the auction rate securities as of June 30, 2009. For our investments in auction rate securities, we do not intend to sell, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell, these investments before recovery of their cost.
     As of June 30, 2009, we held $42.5 million par value (fair value of $38.5 million) auction rate securities (designated as trading securities) with a certain investment securities firm. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we entered into a rights agreement with this firm that (1) allows us to exercise rights (the “Rights”) to sell the eligible auction rate securities at par value to this firm between June 30, 2010 and July 2, 2012, and (2) gives the investment securities firm the right to purchase the auction rate securities from us any time after the agreement date as long as we receive the par value.
     We have accounted for the Rights as a freestanding financial instrument, and have elected to record the value of the Rights under the fair value option of SFAS 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The fair value of the Rights was $3.6 million at June 30, 2009. To determine the fair value estimate of the Rights, we use a discounted cash-flow model based on the expectation that the auction rate securities will be put back to the investment securities firm at par on June 30, 2010, as permitted by the rights agreement.

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     For the three months ended June 30, 2009, we recorded a nominal pretax loss on the auction rate securities underlying the Rights, which was offset by a nominal pretax gain on the Rights. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, we recorded pretax gains of $3.6 million on the auction rate securities underlying the Rights. We expect that the future changes in the fair value of the Rights will continue to be substantially offset by the fair value movements in the underlying auction rate securities.
     As of June 30, 2009, the remainder of our auction rate securities (designated as available-for-sale securities) amounted to $27.6 million par value (fair value of $23.5 million). As a result of the increase in fair value of auction rate securities designated as available-for-sale, we recorded unrealized gains of $0.6 million ($0.4 million, net of tax) to accumulated other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2009. We recorded unrealized losses of $5.0 million ($3.1 million, net of tax) to other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2008. We have deemed these unrealized gains and losses to be temporary and attribute the decline in value to liquidity issues, as a result of the failed auction market, rather than to credit issues. Any future fluctuation in fair value related to these instruments that we deem to be temporary, including any recoveries of previous write-downs, would be recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss. If we determine that any future valuation adjustment was other-than-temporary, we would record a charge to earnings as appropriate.
     Our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis subject to the disclosure requirements of SFAS 157 at June 30, 2009, were as follows:
                                 
    Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using  
    Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3  
    (In thousands)  
Investments
  $ 180,398     $ 180,398     $     $  
Auction rate securities (available-for-sale)
    23,522                   23,522  
Auction rate securities (trading)
    38,495                   38,495  
Auction rate securities rights
    3,611                   3,611  
Restricted investments
    44,736       44,736              
 
                       
Total assets measured at fair value
  $ 290,762     $ 225,134     $     $ 65,628  
 
                       
     Based on market conditions that resulted in the absence of quoted prices in active markets for our auction rate securities, we changed our valuation methodology for auction rate securities to a discounted cash flow analysis during the first quarter of 2008. Accordingly, since our initial adoption of SFAS 157 on January 1, 2008, these securities changed from Level 1 to Level 3 within SFAS 157’s hierarchy. The following table presents our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) as defined in SFAS 157:
         
    (Level 3)  
    (In thousands)  
Balance at December 31, 2008
  $ 65,076  
Transfers to Level 3
     
Auction rate securities rights
    (3,296 )
Total gains (unrealized):
       
Included in earnings
    3,610  
Included in other comprehensive income
    638  
Settlements
    (400 )
 
     
Balance at June 30, 2009
  $ 65,628  
 
     
The amount of total gains for the period included in other comprehensive income attributable to the change in unrealized gains relating to assets still held at June 30, 2009
  $ 638  
 
     

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4. Investments
     The following tables summarize our investments as of the dates indicated:
                                 
    June 30, 2009  
    Cost or     Gross     Estimated  
    Amortized     Unrealized     Fair  
    Cost     Gains     Losses     Value  
    (In thousands)  
Municipal securities (including auction rate securities)
  $ 84,607     $ 3,534     $ 4,351     $ 83,790  
U.S. government agency securities
    81,523       898       246       82,175  
U.S. treasury notes
    21,269       152       7       21,414  
Certificates of deposit
    7,902                   7,902  
Corporate debt securities
    47,361       211       438       47,134  
 
                       
 
  $ 242,662     $ 4,795     $ 5,042     $ 242,415  
 
                       
                                 
    December 31, 2008  
    Cost or     Gross     Estimated  
    Amortized     Unrealized     Fair  
    Cost     Gains     Losses     Value  
    (In thousands)  
Municipal securities (including auction rate securities)
  $ 85,973     $ 23     $ 5,313     $ 80,683  
U.S. government agency securities
    93,994       1,309       79       95,224  
U.S. treasury notes
    8,604       295             8,899  
Certificates of deposit
    13,494                   13,494  
Corporate debt securities
    50,315       155       731       49,739  
 
                       
 
  $ 252,380     $ 1,782     $ 6,123     $ 248,039  
 
                       
The contractual maturities of our investments as of June 30, 2009 are summarized below.
                 
    Amortized     Estimated  
    Cost     Fair Value  
    (In thousands)  
Due in one year or less
  $ 110,986     $ 111,109  
Due one year through five years
    69,095       69,614  
Due after five years through ten years
    1,230       1,131  
Due after ten years
    61,351       60,561  
 
           
 
  $ 242,662     $ 242,415  
 
           
     Gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities are calculated under the specific identification method and are included in investment income. Total proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities were $46.4 million and $53.3 million for the three month periods ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, respectively. Total proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities were $82.0 million and $136.7 million for the six month periods ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, respectively. Net realized investment gains for the three months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008 were $36,000 and $52,000 respectively. Net realized investment gains for the six months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008 were $195,000, and $132,000 respectively.
     We monitor our investments for other-than-temporary impairment. For investments other than our municipal securities, we have determined that unrealized gains and losses at June 30, 3009, and December 31, 2008, are temporary in nature, because the change in market value for these securities has resulted from fluctuating interest rates, rather than a deterioration of the credit worthiness of the issuers. So long as we hold these securities to maturity, we are unlikely to experience gains or losses. In the event that we dispose of these securities before maturity, we expect that realized gains or losses, if any, will be immaterial.
     Our investment in municipal securities consists primarily of auction rate securities. As described in Note 3, “Fair Value Measurements,” the unrealized losses on these investments were caused primarily by the illiquidity in the auction markets. Because the decline in market value is not due to the credit quality of the issuers, and because we do not intend to sell, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell these investments before recovery of their cost, we do not consider the auction rate securities that are designated as available-for-sale to be other-than-temporarily impaired at June 30, 2009.

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     The following table segregates those available-for-sale investments that have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months, and those that have been in a loss position for 12 months or more as of June 30, 2009.
                                                 
    In a Continuous Loss     In a Continuous Loss        
    Position     Position        
    for Less than 12 Months     for 12 Months or More     Total  
    Estimated             Estimated             Estimated        
    Fair     Unrealized     Fair     Unrealized     Fair     Unrealized  
    Value     Losses     Value     Losses     Value     Losses  
    (In thousands)  
Municipal securities
  $ 281     $ 5     $ 35,773     $ 4,175     $ 36,054     $ 4,180  
U.S. treasury securities
    6,145       7                   6,145       7  
U.S. government agency securities
    15,953       166       2,943       79       18,896       245  
Corporate bonds
    17,238       203       7,863       235       25,101       438  
 
                                   
 
  $ 39,617     $ 381     $ 46,579     $ 4,489     $ 86,196     $ 4,870  
 
                                   
     The following table segregates those available-for-sale investments that have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months, and those that have been in a loss position for 12 months or more as of December 31, 2008.
                                                 
    In a Continuous Loss     In a Continuous Loss        
    Position     Position        
    for Less than 12 Months     for 12 Months or More     Total  
    Estimated             Estimated             Estimated        
    Fair     Unrealized     Fair     Unrealized     Fair     Unrealized  
    Value     Losses     Value     Losses     Value     Losses  
    (In thousands)  
Municipal securities
  $ 41,901     $ 4,914     $     $     $ 41,901     $ 4,914  
U.S. government agency securities
    7,237       79                   7,237       79  
Corporate bonds
    30,276       731                     30,276       731  
 
                                   
 
  $ 79,414     $ 5,724     $     $     $ 79,414     $ 5,724  
 
                                   
5. Receivables
     Receivables consist primarily of amounts due from the various states in which we operate. All receivables are subject to potential retroactive adjustment. As the amounts of all receivables are readily determinable and our creditors are in almost all instances state governments, our allowance for doubtful accounts is immaterial. Any amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged to expense when such determination is made. Accounts receivable by health plan operating subsidiary were as follows:
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (In thousands)  
California
  $ 24,744     $ 20,740  
Michigan
    10,433       6,637  
Missouri
    21,685       24,024  
New Mexico
    4,740       5,712  
Ohio
    36,028       34,562  
Utah
    35,119       20,614  
Washington
    15,730       14,184  
Others
    2,961       2,089  
 
           
Total receivables
  $ 151,440     $ 128,562  
 
           
     Ohio. As of June 30, 2009, the receivable due our Ohio health plan included two significant components. The first is approximately $6.5 million of accrued birth income, net, due from the state of Ohio. Birth income is a one-time payment for the birth of a child from the Medicaid program in Ohio.
     The second significant component of the Ohio receivable is approximately $24.1 million due from a capitated provider group. Although we have a capitation arrangement with this provider group, our agreement with them calls for us to pay for certain medical services incurred by the provider group’s members, and then to deduct the amount of such payments from future monthly capitation amounts owed to the provider group. Of the $24.1 million receivable, approximately $15.5 million represents medical services we have paid on behalf of the provider group,

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which we will deduct from capitation payments in the months of July and August of 2009. The other component of the Ohio receivable includes an estimate of our liability for claims incurred by members of this provider group, not covered by capitation, for which we have not yet made payment. This amount totaled $8.6 million as of June 30, 2009. The offsetting liability for the amount of this receivable established for claims incurred but not paid is included in “Medical claims and benefits payable” in our consolidated balance sheets. As part of the agreement with this provider group, our Ohio health plan has withheld approximately $7.7 million from capitation payments due the group, and placed the funds in an escrow account. The Ohio health plan is entitled to the escrow amount if the provider group is unable to repay amounts owed to us for these incurred but not reported claims. The escrow account is included in “Restricted investments” in our consolidated balance sheets. During the six months ended June 30, 2009, our average capitation payment to this provider group was approximately $13 million per month.
     Utah. Our Utah health plan’s agreement with the state of Utah calls for the reimbursement of medical costs incurred in serving our members plus an administrative fee of 8% of that medical cost amount, plus a portion of any cost savings realized as defined in the agreement. Our Utah health plan bills the state of Utah monthly for actual paid health care claims plus administrative fees. Our receivable balance from the state of Utah includes: (1) amounts billed to the state for actual paid health care claims plus administrative fees; and (2) amounts estimated for incurred but not reported claims, which, along with the related administrative fees, are not billable to the state of Utah until such claims are actually paid. Effective January 1, 2009, the administrative fee was reduced from 9% to 8% of the medical cost amount.
6. Restricted Investments
     Restricted investments, which consist of certificates of deposit and treasury securities, are designated as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost, which approximates market value. The use of these funds is limited to specific purposes as required by each state, or as protection against the insolvency of capitated providers. We have the ability to hold our restricted investments until maturity and, as a result, we would not expect the value of these investments to decline significantly due to a sudden change in market interest rates. The following table presents the balances of restricted investments by health plan, and by our insurance company:
                 
    June 30,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (In thousands)  
California
  $ 368     $ 367  
Florida
    13,468       9,828  
Insurance Company
    4,701       4,718  
Michigan
    1,000       1,000  
Missouri
    504       506  
Nevada
    792       787  
New Mexico
    13,061       9,670  
Ohio
    8,496       8,459  
Texas
    1,509       1,521  
Utah
    583       577  
Washington
    151       151  
Other
    103       618  
 
           
Total
  $ 44,736     $ 38,202  
 
           

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     The contractual maturities of our held-to-maturity restricted investments as of June 30, 2009 are summarized below.
                 
    Amortized     Estimated  
    Cost     Fair Value  
    (In thousands)  
Due in one year or less
  $ 44,088     $ 44,169  
Due one year through five years
    504       504  
Due after five years through ten years
    144       157  
Due after ten years
           
 
           
 
  $ 44,736     $ 44,830  
 
           
7. Other Assets
     Other assets include deferred financing costs associated with long-term debt, certain investments held in connection with our employee deferred compensation program, and an investment in a vision services provider (see Note 11, “Related Party Transactions”). The deferred financing costs are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the seven-year term of the convertible senior notes maturing in 2014. Other assets declined in the first half of 2009 primarily due to the reclassification to goodwill and intangible assets of the $9.0 million initial payment for the acquisition of Florida NetPASS.
8. Convertible Senior Notes
     In October 2007, we completed our offering of $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2014 (the “Notes”). The sale of the Notes resulted in net proceeds totaling $193.4 million. The Notes rank equally in right of payment with our existing and future senior indebtedness.
     The Notes are convertible into cash and, under certain circumstances, shares of our common stock. The initial conversion rate is 21.3067 shares of our common stock per one thousand dollar principal amount of the Notes. This represents an initial conversion price of approximately $46.93 per share of our common stock. In addition, if certain corporate transactions that constitute a change of control occur prior to maturity, we will increase the conversion rate in certain circumstances. Prior to July 2014, holders may convert their Notes only under the following circumstances (none of which have occurred to date as of June 30, 2009):
    During any fiscal quarter after our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2007, if the closing sale price per share of our common stock, for each of at least 20 trading days during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the previous fiscal quarter, is greater than or equal to 120% of the conversion price per share of our common stock;
 
    During the five business day period immediately following any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per one thousand dollar principal amount of the Notes for each trading day of such period was less than 98% of the product of the closing price per share of our common stock on such day and the conversion rate in effect on such day; or
 
    Upon the occurrence of specified corporate transactions or other specified events.
     On or after July 1, 2014, holders may convert their Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the stated maturity date regardless of whether any of the foregoing conditions is satisfied.
     We will deliver cash and shares of our common stock, if any, upon conversion of each $1,000 principal amount of Notes, as follows:
    An amount in cash (the “principal return”) equal to the sum of, for each of the 20 Volume-Weighted Average Price (VWAP) trading days during the conversion period, the lesser of the daily conversion value for such VWAP trading day and fifty dollars (representing 1/20th of one thousand dollars); and

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    A number of shares based upon, for each of the 20 VWAP trading days during the conversion period, any excess of the daily conversion value above fifty dollars.
     Adoption of FSP APB 14-1. Effective January 1, 2009, we adopted FSP APB 14-1. This standard has changed our accounting treatment of the Notes, resulting in an increase to non-cash interest expense beginning on January 1, 2009. We have also recast prior periods, beginning with the year ended December 31, 2007, the year in which the Notes were issued.
     FSP APB 14-1 requires the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes to be allocated between a liability component and an equity component. We have determined that the effective interest rate is 7.5%, principally based on the seven-year U.S. treasury note rate as of the October 2007 issuance date, plus an appropriate credit spread. The resulting debt discount is being amortized over the period the Notes are expected to be outstanding, as additional non-cash interest expense. As of June 30, 2009, we expect the Notes to be outstanding until their October 1, 2014 maturity date, for a remaining amortization period of 63 months. The Notes’ if-converted value did not exceed their principal amount as of June 30, 2009. The following table provides the details of the amounts recorded under FSP APB 14-1:
                 
    As of     As of  
    June 30,     December 31,  
    2009     2008  
    (In thousands)  
Details of the liability component:
               
Principal amount
  $ 187,000     $ 200,000  
Unamortized discount
    (30,516 )     (35,127 )
 
           
Net carrying amount
  $ 156,484     $ 164,873  
 
           
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2009     2008     2009     2008  
    (In thousands)  
Interest cost recognized for the period relating to the:
                               
Contractual interest coupon rate of 3.75%
  $ 1,753     $ 1,875     $ 3,570     $ 3,750  
Amortization of the discount on the liability component
    1,172       1,166       2,366       2,310  
 
                       
Total interest cost recognized
  $ 2,925     $ 3,041     $ 5,936     $ 6,060  
 
                       
     Securities Purchase Program. Under the $25 million securities purchase program announced in January 2009, we purchased and retired $13.0 million face amount of our convertible senior notes during the first quarter. We purchased the notes at an average price of $74.25 per $100 principal amount, for a total of $9.8 million, including accrued interest. The gain recognized during the quarter ended March 31, 2009 on the purchase of the notes was $1.5 million, or approximately $0.04 per diluted share.
     In March 2009, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to an additional $25 million in aggregate of either our common stock or our convertible senior notes. The purchase program will be funded with working capital, and purchases may be made from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The purchase program extends through December 31, 2009, but we reserve the right to suspend or discontinue the program at any time. See the details regarding the stock purchases at Note 9, “Stockholders’ Equity.”
9. Stockholders’ Equity
     Under the purchase programs described in Note 8, “Convertible Senior Notes,” we have purchased approximately 1.4 million shares of our common stock for $27.7 million (average cost of approximately $20.49 per share), year to date. These purchases have increased diluted earnings per share for the first half of 2009 by $0.02.
     On March 1, 2009, we awarded 364,700 shares of restricted stock to our officers and employees, primarily in connection with our annual incentive compensation program. These shares will vest in equal annual installments over the four-year period following the date of grant. During the six months ended June 30, 2009, we issued approximately 125,000 shares in connection with vested restricted stock awards. See Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” for further information regarding share-based compensation.

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10. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal
     The health care industry is subject to numerous laws and regulations of federal, state, and local governments. Compliance with these laws and regulations can be subject to government review and interpretation, as well as regulatory actions unknown and unasserted at this time. Penalties associated with violations of these laws and regulations include significant fines and penalties, exclusion from participating in publicly-funded programs, and the repayment of previously billed and collected revenues.
     We are involved in various legal actions in the normal course of business, some of which seek monetary damages, including claims for punitive damages, which are not covered by insurance. These actions, when finally concluded and determined, are not likely, in our opinion, to have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Provider Claims
     Many of our medical contracts are complex in nature and may be subject to differing interpretations regarding amounts due for the provision of various services. Such differing interpretations have led certain medical providers to pursue us for additional compensation. The claims made by providers in such circumstances often involve issues of contract compliance, interpretation, payment methodology, and intent. These claims often extend to services provided by the providers over a number of years.
     Various providers have contacted us seeking additional compensation for claims that we believe to have been settled. These matters, when finally concluded and determined, will not, in our opinion, have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions
     Our principal operations are conducted through our health plans operating in California, Florida, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, Utah, and Washington. Our health plans are subject to state regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of statutory capital, as defined by each state, and restrict the timing, payment, and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid to us as the sole stockholder. To the extent the health plans must comply with these regulations, they may not have the financial flexibility to transfer funds to us. The net assets in these health plans (after intercompany eliminations), which may not be transferable to us in the form of cash dividends, loans, or advances, were $347.7 million at June 30, 2009 and $355.0 million at December 31, 2008. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners, or NAIC, adopted model rules effective December 31, 1998, which, if implemented by a state, set new minimum capitalization requirements for insurance companies, health plans, and other entities bearing risk for health care coverage. The requirements take the form of risk-based capital, or RBC, rules. Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, Utah, and Washington have adopted these rules, although the rules as adopted may vary somewhat from state to state. California, Florida, and Missouri have established their own minimum capitalization requirements for insurance companies.
     As of June 30, 2009, our health plans had aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $361.7 million, compared with the required minimum aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $213.3 million. All of our health plans were in compliance with the minimum capital requirements at June 30, 2009. We have the ability and commitment to provide additional capital to each of our health plans when necessary to ensure that they continue to meet statutory and regulatory capital requirements.
11. Related Party Transactions
     We have an equity investment in a medical service provider that provides certain vision services to our members. We account for this investment under the equity method of accounting because we have an ownership interest in the investee that provides us with significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee. As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, our carrying amount for this investment totaled $3.8 million and $3.6 million, respectively. During 2008, we advanced this provider $1.3 million, of which $0.4 million remained outstanding as of December 31, 2008. During the six months ended June 30, 2009, $0.3 million of this amount was

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repaid, for a total receivable of $0.1 million as of June 30, 2009. For the three months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, we paid $5.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively, for medical service fees to this provider. For the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, we paid $10.4 million and $7.1 million, respectively, for medical service fees to this provider.
     We are a party to a fee-for-service agreement with Pacific Hospital of Long Beach (“Pacific Hospital”). Pacific Hospital is owned by Abrazos Healthcare, Inc., the shares of which are held as community property by the husband of Dr. Martha Bernadett, our Executive Vice President, Research and Development. Amounts paid under the terms of this fee-for-service agreement were $0.3 million and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, respectively. We also have a capitation arrangement with Pacific Hospital, where we pay a fixed monthly fee based on member type. We paid Pacific Hospital for capitation services totaling approximately $0.7 million and $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, respectively. We believe that both arrangements with Pacific Hospital are based on prevailing market rates for similar services.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Forward Looking Statements
     This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, or Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Securities Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, that we include in this quarterly report may be deemed to be forward-looking statements for purposes of the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act. We use the words “anticipate(s),” “believe(s),” “estimate(s),” “expect(s),” “intend(s),” “may,” “plan(s),” “project(s),” “will,” “would” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We cannot guarantee that we will actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and, accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. You should read these factors and the other cautionary statements as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this quarterly report. We caution you that we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements made by us. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results in future periods to differ materially from those projected or contemplated as a result of, but not limited to, risk factors related to the following:
    budgetary pressures on the federal and state governments and their resulting inability to fully fund Medicaid, Medicare, or CHIP or to maintain current membership eligibility levels, thresholds, or criteria, including ongoing budget issues in California and the resulting pressure on all its healthcare and social service programs;
 
    the successful management of our medical costs and the achievement of our projected medical care ratios in all our health plans;
 
    both the novel H1N1 (swine) flu and the seasonal flu, including utilization rates from flu at variance with historical seasonal patterns;
 
    the success of our efforts to leverage our administrative costs to address the needs associated with increased enrollment;
 
    growth in our Medicaid and Medicare enrollment consistent with our expectations;
 
    uncertainties regarding the impact of federal and state health care reform efforts;
 
    our ability to accurately estimate incurred but not reported medical costs across all health plans;
 
    rate revisions and the maintenance of existing rate levels that are consistent with our expectations;
 
    our inability to pass on to our contracted providers any rate cuts under our governmental contracts, including the reduction in provider payment levels under the Washington Medicaid fee schedule that is commensurate with the reduced rates paid to our Washington health plan;
 
    the renewal of the provider premium tax beyond October 1, 2009, as it affects our California, Missouri, and Ohio health plans;
 
    the successful renewal and continuation of the government contracts of all of our health plans;
 
    the relatively small number of states in which we operate health plans and the impact on the consolidated entity of adverse developments in any single health plan;
 
    the transition from a non-risk to a risk-based capitation contract by our Utah health plan;
 
    our limited experience operating in Florida;
 
    the availability of financing to fund and capitalize our acquisitions and start-up activities and to meet our liquidity needs;
 
    the illiquidity of our auction rate securities;

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    restrictions and covenants in our credit facility and adverse credit and equity market conditions;
 
    governmental audits and reviews;
 
    the successful and cost-effective integration of our acquisitions;
 
    our information and medical management systems, including the migration of our primary data center to our New Mexico IT facility;
 
    earnings seasonality that is contrary to our expectations;
 
    retroactive adjustments of premium revenue;
 
    interest rates on invested balances that are lower than expected;
 
    high profile qui tam matters and negative publicity regarding Medicaid managed care and Medicare Advantage;
 
    changes in funding under our contracts as a result of regulatory and programmatic adjustments and reforms;
 
    approval by state regulators of dividends and distributions by our subsidiaries;
 
    unexpected changes in member utilization patterns, healthcare practices, or healthcare technologies;
 
    high dollar claims related to catastrophic illness;
 
    a state’s failure to renew its federal Medicaid waiver;
 
    changes in federal or state laws or regulations or in their interpretation;
 
    the favorable resolution of litigation or arbitration matters;
 
    announcements by government officials or our competitors or peers relating to our business;
 
    an unauthorized disclosure of confidential member information;
 
    changes generally affecting the managed care industry; and
 
    general economic conditions, including unemployment rates.
     Investors should refer to Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and to Part II, Item 1A — Risk Factors, in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, and in this Quarterly Report, for a discussion of certain risk factors which could materially affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations. Given these risks and uncertainties, we can give no assurances that any results or events projected or contemplated by our forward-looking statements will in fact occur and we caution investors not to place undue reliance on these statements.
     This document and the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements appearing elsewhere in this report and the audited financial statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.

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Adoption of Convertible Debt Accounting
     Our 2008 consolidated financial statements have been recast to reflect the adoption of FASB Staff Position (FSP) APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments That May be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement). This resulted in additional interest expense of $1.2 million ($0.03 per diluted share) for the three months ended June 30, 2008, and $2.3 million ($0.05 per diluted share) for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
Overview
     Our financial performance for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 compared with the same prior year periods is briefly summarized as follows:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,   Six Months Ended June 30,
    2009   2008   2009   2008
    (Dollar amounts in thousands, except per-share data)
Earnings per diluted share
  $ 0.56     $ 0.56     $ 1.02     $ 1.00  
Premium revenue
  $ 925,507     $ 761,153     $ 1,782,991     $ 1,490,791  
Operating income
  $ 20,726     $ 30,258     $ 44,841     $ 54,709  
Net income
  $ 14,565     $ 15,823     $ 26,776     $ 28,298  
Medical care ratio
    86.8 %     84.2 %     86.4 %     85.0 %
G&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue
    10.1 %     11.4 %     10.4 %     11.0 %
Total ending membership
                    1,368,000       1,234,000  
Health Plan Contracts
     During the second quarter of 2009, our Missouri health plan was notified that its Medicaid contract with the Department of Social Services for the Eastern, Central, and Western regions of the state will be renewed effective as of October 1, 2009.  The contract will be renewable on an annual basis through September 30, 2012.
     In addition, on August 3, 2009, our Michigan health plan was notified that its Medicaid contract with the Michigan Department of Community Health will be renewed effective as of October 1, 2009. The new contract will expand the Michigan plan’s service area from 42 to 46 counties in the state. The contract will have an initial term of three years, with three annual renewals thereafter, extending the full contract term through September 30, 2015.
     Further, the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (HHSC) has issued a tentative contract award to our Texas health plan under the CHIP Rural Services Area Managed Care Organization Procurement. The award is contingent on the plan’s successful negotiation and execution of a contract with HHSC. The Texas plan will begin serving members under the new contract on September 1, 2010, with the contract’s term continuing through August 31, 2013. The award covers up to 170 rural Texas counties.
     Finally, the New Mexico Retiree Health Care Authority has notified our New Mexico health plan that the plan’s Medicare product will be offered as an option to the state’s employee retiree group business.  The potential market for this contract includes New Mexico Retiree Health Care Authority members who are over 65 and/or are Medicare eligible.
Health Plan Accreditation
     Our Texas health plan has earned a new health plan accreditation status from the NCQA.  We are proud to be the first and only Medicaid health plan in Texas to achieve this distinction. Molina Healthcare continues to be among the leaders in health plans achieving NCQA accreditation, with seven Company health plans accredited in the states of California, Michigan, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, Utah, and Washington.  Currently, only 22% of the nation’s Medicaid health plans are NCQA accredited.
Revenue
     Premium revenue is fixed in advance of the periods covered and, except as described below, is not generally subject to significant accounting estimates. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, we received approximately 91% of our premium revenue as a fixed amount per member per month, or PMPM, pursuant to our Medicaid contracts with state agencies, our Medicare contracts with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and our contracts with other managed care organizations for which we operate as a subcontractor. These premium revenues are recognized in the month that members are entitled to receive health care services. The state Medicaid programs and the federal Medicare program periodically adjust premium rates.
     The amount of the premiums paid to us may vary substantially between states and among various government programs. PMPM premiums for members of the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) are generally among our lowest, with rates as low as approximately $80 PMPM in California. Premium revenues for Medicaid members are generally higher. Among the Temporary Aid for Needy Families (TANF) Medicaid population — the Medicaid group that includes most mothers and children — PMPM premiums range between approximately $100 in California to over $250 in Missouri and New Mexico. Among our Medicaid Aged, Blind or Disabled (ABD) membership, PMPM premiums range from approximately $425 in California and Texas to over $1,000 in Ohio. Medicare premiums are approximately $1,100 PMPM, with Medicare revenue totaling $62.2 million and $44.4 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2009, and 2008, respectively.
     Approximately 4% of our premium revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2009 was realized under a Medicaid cost-plus reimbursement agreement that our Utah plan has with that state. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, we also received approximately 5% of our premium revenue in the form of “birth income” — a one-time payment for the birth of a child — from the Medicaid programs in Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Texas, and Washington. Such payments are recognized as revenue in the month the birth occurs.
     Certain components of premium revenue are subject to accounting estimates. Chief among these are (1) that portion of premium revenue paid to our New Mexico health plan by the state of New Mexico that may be refunded to the state if certain minimum amounts are not expended on defined medical care costs, or if administrative costs or profit (as defined) exceed certain amounts, (2) that portion of the revenue of our Ohio health plan that is at risk if certain performance measures are not met, (3) the additional premium revenue our Utah health plan is entitled to receive from the state of Utah as an incentive payment for saving the state of Utah money in relation to fee-for-service Medicaid, (4) the profit-sharing agreement between our Texas health plan and the state of Texas, where we

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pay a rebate to the state of Texas if our Texas health plan generates pretax income above a certain specified percentage, according to a tiered rebate schedule, and (5) that portion of our Medicare revenue that is subject to retroactive adjustment for member risk adjustment and recoupment of pharmacy related revenue.
     Our contract with the state of New Mexico requires that we spend a minimum percentage of premium revenue on certain explicitly defined medical care costs (the medical cost floor). Our contract is for a three-year period, and the medical cost floor is based on premiums and medical care costs over the entire contract period. During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we recorded adjustments totaling $12.9 million to increase premium revenue associated with this requirement. The revenue resulted from a reversal of previously recorded amounts due the state of New Mexico when we were below the minimum percentage.
     Effective July 1, 2008, our New Mexico health plan entered into a new three year contract that, in addition to retaining the medical cost floor, added certain limits on the amount our New Mexico health plan can: (1) expend on administrative costs; and (2) retain as profit. At June 30, 2009, there was no liability recorded under the terms of these contract provisions. Any changes to the terms of these provisions, including revisions to the definitions of premium revenue, medical care costs, administrative costs or profit, the period of time over which performance is measured or the manner of its measurement, or the percentages used in the calculations, may trigger a change in the amounts owed. If the state of New Mexico disagrees with our interpretation of the existing contract terms, an adjustment to the amounts owed may be required.
     Under our contract with the state of Ohio, up to 1% of our Ohio health plan’s revenue may be refundable to the state if certain performance measures are not met. At June 30, 2009, we had recorded a liability of approximately $2.0 million under the terms of this contract provision.
     In prior years, we estimated amounts we believed were recoverable under our savings sharing agreement with the state of Utah based on available information and our interpretation of our contract with the state. The state may not agree with our interpretation or our application of the contract language, and it may also not agree with the manner in which we have processed and analyzed our member claims and encounter records. Thus, the ultimate amount of savings sharing revenue that we realize from prior years may be subject to negotiation with the state. Our Utah health plan continues to work with the state to assure an appropriate determination of amounts due to us under the savings share agreement. When additional information is known, or agreement is reached with the state regarding the appropriate savings sharing payment amount for prior years, we will adjust the amount of savings sharing revenue recorded in our financial statements as appropriate in light of such new information or agreement.
     As of June 30, 2009, we had a liability of approximately $0.6 million accrued pursuant to our profit-sharing agreement with the state of Texas for the 2008 contract year (ending August 31, 2008) and the 2009 contract year (ending August 31, 2009). During 2008, we paid the state of Texas $10.1 million relating to the 2007 and 2008 contract years, and the 2007 contract year is now closed. Because the final settlement calculations include a claims run-out period of nearly one year, the amounts recorded, based on our estimates, may be adjusted. We believe that the ultimate settlement will not differ materially from our estimates.
     Medicare revenue paid to us is subject to retroactive adjustment for both member risk scores and member pharmacy cost experience. Based on member encounter data that we submit to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), our Medicare revenue is subject to adjustment for up to two years after the original year of service. This adjustment takes into account the acuity of each member’s medical needs relative to what was anticipated when premiums were originally set for that member. In the event that our membership (measured on an individual by individual basis) requires less acute medical care than was anticipated by the original premium amount, CMS may recover premium from us. In the event that our membership requires more acute medical care than was anticipated by the original premium amount, CMS may pay us additional retroactive premium. A similar retroactive reconciliation is undertaken by CMS for our Medicare members’ pharmacy utilization. That analysis is similar to the process for the adjustment of member risk scores, but is further complicated by member pharmacy cost sharing provisions attached to the Medicare pharmacy benefit that do not apply to the services measured by the member risk adjustment process. We estimate the amount of Medicare revenue that will ultimately be realized for the periods presented based on our knowledge of our members’ heath care utilization patterns and CMS practices.

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To the extent that the premium revenue ultimately received from CMS differs from recorded amounts, we will adjust reported Medicare revenue.
     Historically, membership growth has been the primary reason for our increasing revenues, although more recently our revenues have also grown due to the more care intensive benefits and related higher premiums associated with our ABD and Medicare members. We have increased our membership through both internal growth and acquisitions. The following table sets forth the approximate total number of members by state health plan as of the dates indicated:
                         
    June 30,   December 31,   June 30,
    2009   2008   2008
Total Ending Membership by Health Plan:
                       
California
    349,000       322,000       310,000  
Florida (1)
    29,000              
Michigan
    207,000       206,000       212,000  
Missouri
    78,000       77,000       76,000  
Nevada (2)
                 
New Mexico
    85,000       84,000       81,000  
Ohio
    203,000       176,000       173,000  
Texas
    30,000       31,000       29,000  
Utah
    64,000       61,000       57,000  
Washington
    323,000       299,000       296,000  
 
                       
Total
    1,368,000       1,256,000       1,234,000  
 
                       
Total Ending Membership by State for the Medicare Advantage Plans:
                       
California
    1,600       1,500       1,400  
Michigan
    2,100       1,700       1,500  
Nevada
    400       700       700  
New Mexico
    400       300       100  
Texas
    400       400       400  
Utah
    3,100       2,400       2,100  
Washington
    1,000       1,000       900  
 
                       
Total
    9,000       8,000       7,100  
 
                       
Total Ending Membership by State for the Aged, Blind or Disabled Population:
                       
California
    13,100       12,700       12,100  
Florida (1)
    6,000              
Michigan
    29,900       30,300       30,900  
New Mexico
    5,700       6,300       6,700  
Ohio
    19,700       19,000       15,400  
Texas
    17,000       16,200       16,000  
Utah
    7,600       7,300       7,000  
Washington
    3,000       3,000       3,000  
 
                       
Total
    102,000       94,800       91,100  
 
                       
 
(1)   Our Florida health plan began enrolling members in late December 2008.
 
(2)   Less than one thousand members.

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The following table provides details of member months (defined as the aggregation of each month’s ending membership for the period) by health plan for the periods indicated:
                                                 
    Three Months Ended           Six Months Ended    
    June 30,   % of Increase   June 30,   % of Increase
    2009   2008   (Decrease)   2009   2008   (Decrease)
California
    1,031,000       921,000       11.9 %     2,011,000       1,829,000       10.0 %
Florida (1)
    75,000                   136,000              
Michigan
    623,000       639,000       (2.5 )     1,243,000       1,277,000       (2.7 )
Missouri
    232,000       227,000       2.2       463,000       450,000       2.9  
Nevada
    1,000       2,000       (50.0 )     2,000       4,000       (50.0 )
New Mexico
    251,000       239,000       5.0       499,000       467,000       6.9  
Ohio
    596,000       522,000       14.2       1,156,000       935,000       23.6  
Texas
    92,000       85,000       8.2       190,000       170,000       11.8  
Utah
    200,000       164,000       22.0       384,000       321,000       19.6  
Washington
    952,000       879,000       8.3       1,871,000       1,738,000       7.7  
 
                                               
Total
    4,053,000       3,678,000       10.2 %     7,955,000       7,191,000       10.6 %
 
                                               
 
(1)   Our Florida health plan began enrolling members in late December 2008.
Expenses
     Our operating expenses include expenses related to the provision of medical care services and general and administrative, or G&A, expenses. Our results of operations are impacted by our ability to effectively manage expenses related to medical care services and to accurately estimate costs incurred. Expenses related to medical care services are captured in the following four categories:
    Fee-for-service: Physician providers paid on a fee-for-service basis are paid according to a fee schedule set by the state or by our contracts with these providers. We pay hospitals on a fee-for-service basis in a variety of ways, including per diem amounts, diagnostic-related groups, or DRGs, percentage of billed charges, and case rates. We also pay a small portion of hospitals on a capitated basis. We also have stop-loss agreements with the hospitals with which we contract; under certain circumstances, we pay escalated charges in connection with these stop-loss agreements. Under all fee-for-service arrangements, we retain the financial responsibility for medical care provided. Expenses related to fee-for-service contracts are recorded in the period in which the related services are dispensed. The costs of drugs administered in a physician or hospital setting that are not billed through our pharmacy benefit managers are included in fee-for-service costs.
 
    Capitation: Many of our primary care physicians and a small portion of our specialists and hospitals are paid on a capitated basis. Under capitation contracts, we typically pay a fixed PMPM payment to the provider without regard to the frequency, extent, or nature of the medical services actually furnished. Under capitated contracts, we remain liable for the provision of certain health care services. Certain of our capitated contracts also contain incentive programs based on service delivery, quality of care, utilization management, and other criteria. Capitation payments are fixed in advance of the periods covered and are not subject to significant accounting estimates. These payments are expensed in the period the providers are obligated to provide services. The financial risk for pharmacy services for a small portion of our membership is delegated to capitated providers.
 
    Pharmacy: Pharmacy costs include all drug, injectibles, and immunization costs paid through our pharmacy benefit managers. As noted above, drugs and injectibles not paid through our pharmacy benefit managers are included in fee-for-service costs, except in those limited instances where we capitate drug and injectible costs.
 
    Other: Other medical care costs include medically related administrative costs, certain provider incentive costs, reinsurance cost, costs of operating our medical clinics, and other health care expense. Medically related administrative costs include, for example, expenses relating to health education, quality assurance, case management, disease management, 24-hour on-call nurses, and a portion of our information technology costs. Salary and benefit costs are a substantial portion of these expenses. For the six month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, medically related administrative costs were approximately $35.8 million and $36.9 million, respectively.

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     The following table provides the details of our consolidated medical care costs for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands except PMPM amounts):
                                                 
    Three months ended June 30,  
    2009     2008  
                    % of                     % of  
    Amount     PMPM     Total     Amount     PMPM     Total  
Fee for service
  $ 517,066     $ 127.59       64.4 %   $ 410,619     $ 111.65       64.1 %
Capitation
    154,386       38.10       19.2       117,707       32.00       18.4  
Pharmacy
    99,256       24.49       12.4       88,676       24.11       13.8  
Other
    32,498       8.02       4.0       23,827       6.48       3.7  
 
                                   
Total
  $ 803,206     $ 198.20       100.0 %   $ 640,829     $ 174.24       100.0 %
 
                                   
                                                 
    Six months ended June 30,  
    2009     2008  
                    % of                     % of  
    Amount     PMPM     Total     Amount     PMPM     Total  
Fee for service
  $ 1,006,207     $ 126.49       65.3 %   $ 822,628     $ 114.40       64.9 %
Capitation
    272,800       34.29       17.7       221,498       30.80       17.5  
Pharmacy
    201,894       25.38       13.1       174,958       24.33       13.8  
Other
    60,193       7.57       3.9       48,092       6.70       3.8  
 
                                   
Total
  $ 1,541,094     $ 193.73       100.0 %   $ 1,267,176     $ 176.23       100.0 %
 
                                   
Our medical care costs include amounts that have been paid by us through the reporting date as well as estimated liabilities for medical care costs incurred but not paid by us as of the reporting date. See “Critical Accounting Policies” below for a comprehensive discussion of how we estimate such liabilities.
The following table provides the details of our medical claims and benefits payable as of the dates indicated (in thousands):
                         
    June 30,     Dec. 31,     June 30,  
    2009     2008     2008  
Fee-for-service claims incurred but not paid (IBNP)
  $ 244,987     $ 236,492     $ 248,698  
Capitation payable
    34,657       28,111       32,906  
Pharmacy
    22,367       18,837       16,107  
Other
    6,696       9,002       7,830  
 
                 
Total
  $ 308,707     $ 292,442     $ 305,541  
 
                 
     G&A expenses largely consist of wage and benefit costs for our employees, premium taxes, and other administrative expenses. Some G&A services are provided locally, while others are delivered to our health plans from a centralized location. The primary centralized functions are claims processing, information systems, finance and accounting services, and legal and regulatory services. Locally provided functions include member services, plan administration, and provider relations. G&A expenses include premium taxes for each of our health plans in California, Michigan, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, and Washington.
Results of Operations
     The following table sets forth selected operating ratios. All ratios with the exception of the medical care ratio are shown as a percentage of total revenue. The medical care ratio is shown as a percentage of premium revenue because there is a direct relationship between the premium revenue earned and the cost of health care.

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    Three Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,   June 30,
    2009   2008   2009   2008
Premium revenue
    99.8 %     99.3 %     99.7 %     99.2 %
Investment income
    0.2       0.7       0.3       0.8  
 
                               
Total revenue
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
 
                               
Ratio of direct medical care costs to premium revenue
    84.8 %     81.9 %     84.4 %     82.5  
Ratio of administrative costs included in medical care costs to premium revenue
    2.0       2.3       2.0       2.5  
 
                               
Medical care ratio
    86.8 %     84.2 %     86.4 %     85.0 %
 
                               
General and administrative expense ratio, excluding premium taxes
    7.0 %     8.2 %     7.3 %     8.0 %
Premium taxes included in general and administrative expenses
    3.1       3.2       3.1       3.0  
 
                               
Total general and administrative expense ratio
    10.1 %     11.4 %     10.4 %     11.0 %
 
                               
Depreciation and amortization expense ratio
    1.0 %     1.1 %     1.0 %     1.1 %
Effective tax rate
    16.8 %     41.0 %     29.9 %     40.9 %
Operating income
    2.2 %     3.9 %     2.5 %     3.6 %
Income before income taxes
    1.9 %     3.5 %     2.1 %     3.2 %
Net income
    1.6 %     2.1 %     1.5 %     1.9 %
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009 Compared with Three Months Ended June 30, 2008
     The following summarizes premium revenue, medical care costs, medical care ratio, and premium taxes by health plan for the three months ended June 30, 2009 and June 30, 2008 (dollars in thousands except PMPM amounts):
                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2009  
    Premium Revenue     Medical Care Costs     Medical     Premium Tax  
    Total     PMPM     Total     PMPM     Care Ratio     Expense  
California (1)
  $ 121,918     $ 118.23     $ 111,750     $ 108.37       91.7 %   $ 3,395  
Florida (2)
    19,339       257.22       17,355       230.83       89.7        
Michigan
    136,549       219.44       112,402       180.64       82.3       8,300  
Missouri
    58,141       251.06       48,582       209.78       83.6        
Nevada
    1,494       1,348.22       769       694.07       51.5        
New Mexico (3)
    114,408       456.80       100,255       400.30       87.6       2,989  
Ohio
    194,885       327.02       168,639       282.98       86.5       10,731  
Texas
    34,345       372.13       24,851       269.26       72.4       572  
Utah
    57,918       288.99       53,182       265.35       91.8        
Washington
    183,720       192.96       156,981       164.88       85.5       3,064  
Other (4)
    2,790             8,440                   11  
 
                                         
Total
  $ 925,507     $ 228.38     $ 803,206     $ 198.20       86.8 %   $ 29,062  
 
                                         
                                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2008  
    Premium Revenue     Medical Care Costs     Medical     Premium Tax  
    Total     PMPM     Total     PMPM     Care Ratio     Expense  
California
  $ 104,136     $ 113.00     $ 88,449     $ 95.98       84.9 %   $ 3,242  
Florida
                                   
Michigan
    125,382       196.37       100,273       157.05       80.0       6,625  
Missouri
    54,250       238.84       45,050       198.34       83.0        
Nevada
    2,243       1,303.04       2,506       1,456.25       111.8        
New Mexico
    89,279       374.58       69,593       291.99       78.0       4,184  
Ohio
    147,114       281.73       133,816       256.26       91.0       6,672  
Texas
    25,742       303.09       19,669       231.58       76.4       460  
Utah
    35,385       214.89       31,932       193.92       90.2        
Washington
    177,619       202.11       145,840       165.95       82.1       2,993  
Other (4)
    3             3,701                   (5 )
 
                                         
Total
  $ 761,153     $ 206.96     $ 640,829     $ 174.24       84.2 %   $ 24,171  
 
                                         
 
(1)   The year-over-year increase in the California health plan’s medical care ratio was caused primarily by higher fee-for-service costs. Of the $5.2 million in negative prior period development experienced by the California health

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    plan during the six months ended June 30, 2009, $2.4 million was recognized in the second quarter. Absent the $2.4 million in prior period development and the $3.2 million of revenue recognized in connection with the settlement of a rate dispute with the state, the medical care ratio for the second quarter of 2009 would have been 92.1%.
 
(2)   The Florida health plan began serving members in late December 2008.
 
(3)   The year-over-year increase in the New Mexico health plan’s medical care ratio was due to increased professional fees and outpatient facility costs in 2009, as well as the recognition in 2008 of revenue related to a medical cost floor provision of the Company’s contract with the state of New Mexico. During the second quarter of 2008, the New Mexico health plan had recognized $6.2 million of premium revenue due to the reversal of amounts previously recorded as payable to the state. Absent this revenue adjustment, the New Mexico health plan’s medical care ratio would have been 83.8% in the second quarter of 2008.
 
(4)   “Other” medical care costs represent primarily medically related administrative costs at the parent company.
     Net Income
     Net income decreased 8% to $14.6 million in the second quarter of 2009 compared with net income of $15.8 million in the second quarter of 2008.
     Premium Revenue
     Premium revenue grew 22% in the second quarter of 2009 compared with the second quarter of 2008. Membership grew 11% overall, with Ohio, Washington, and California gaining the most members. On a per-member per-month, or PMPM, basis, consolidated premium revenue increased 10%. Increased membership contributed 52% of the growth in premium revenue between the second quarter of 2009 and the second quarter of 2008, and increases in PMPM revenue, as a result of both rate changes and shifts in member mix, contributed the remaining 48%.
     The significant contributors to the increase in premium revenue in the second quarter of 2009 compared with the second quarter of 2008 were:
  A $47.8 million increase in Medicaid premium revenue at the Ohio health plan, half of which increase was due to higher enrollment, and the other half of which was due to rate changes and shifts in member mix.
  $25.3 million earned on a retroactive basis at the New Mexico health plan and received in May of 2009, relating to the period July 1, 2008 though March 31, 2009. More than 90% of that revenue was expensed as provider capitation payments, premium taxes, and insurance assessments, resulting in a net increase to pretax income of $1.5 million related to the second half of 2008 and $0.7 million related to the first quarter of 2009. Premium revenue in the second quarter of 2008 had included $6.2 million of revenue recognized in connection with a minimum medical cost requirement which added $5.9 million to the plan’s pretax income in the quarter.
  A $19.3 million increase in Medicaid premium revenue due to increased membership relating to the start-up of Florida health plan operations in December 2008.
  A $15.6 million increase in Medicaid premium revenue at the Utah health plan due to increased enrollment and higher medical expenses incurred under the Utah health plan’s cost-plus contract with the state.
  $3.2 million earned by the California health plan in connection with the settlement of a rate dispute with the state of California for the period 1997-2002.

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     Investment Income
     Investment income for the second quarter of 2009 was $2.1 million, a $3.2 million decrease from the $5.3 million in investment income earned in the second quarter of 2008. This 61% decline was due to lower interest rates in 2009.
     Medical Costs
Note: Estimates of utilization and unit costs may not match changes in reported overall costs due to the impact of shifts in case mix between the periods presented, prior period development, the existence of pass-through contracts in which third parties assume medical risk, and other factors. Additionally, estimates of utilization for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, exclude the month of June 2009 due to the substantial incompleteness of claims payment data for that month.
     Medical costs increased approximately 14% on a PMPM basis in the second quarter of 2009 compared with the second quarter of 2008. The increased expenses were generally the result of higher utilization rather than higher unit costs and were most pronounced in connection with physician and outpatient costs. We believe that the emergence during the quarter of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, or “swine flu,” and growing enrollment contributed to these higher costs. We did not experience the typical seasonal decrease in costs associated with the second quarter.
     Physician and outpatient costs exhibited the most significant unfavorable cost trend in the second quarter of 2009. Together, these costs increased approximately 18% on a PMPM basis compared with the second quarter of 2008. The primary drivers of these increased costs were emergency room utilization (up approximately 17%), and cost per visit (up approximately 8%). This increase in utilization was most pronounced in the California and Washington health plans.
     Inpatient facility costs increased approximately 7% PMPM compared with the second quarter of 2008. Inpatient facility utilization increased approximately 7% during the second quarter of 2009 compared with the second quarter of 2008. Inpatient facility unit costs decreased approximately 4%.
     Pharmacy costs increased approximately 2% PMPM compared with the second quarter of 2008. Pharmacy utilization increased approximately 9% year over year, while unit costs (excluding rebates) decreased approximately 2%.
     Capitated costs increased approximately 19% PMPM compared with the second quarter of 2008 as a result of $21.9 million in retroactive capitation expense at the New Mexico health plan ($15.0 million related to the second half of 2008 and $6.9 million related to the first quarter of 2009), and the transition of members into capitated arrangements at the California health plan. The retroactive capitation expense at the New Mexico health plan was directly related to the receipt of $25.3 million in retroactive premium revenue.
     California and Washington Developments
Developments at the California and Washington health plans were particularly significant in the second quarter.
     California health plan results have contributed the most significant downward pressure on our current quarter and year-to-date results. Year-to-date, the California plan’s Medicaid medical margin has decreased approximately $12 million from 2008, while the Medicaid medical margin for the second quarter has decreased approximately $4 million from 2008.
     Based on claims paid through June 30, 2009, we have determined that claims reserves for the California health plan were underestimated by $5.2 million at December 31, 2008. At the close of the first quarter, and based on claims paid through March 31, 2009, we believed that the California claims reserve underestimation was approximately $2.8 million. Income at the California health plan was therefore reduced by approximately $2.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively, for the quarters ended March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009, as a result of adverse prior period claims development. Adverse claims development in the second quarter of 2009 was offset by $3.2 million in revenue recognized by the California health plan in connection with the settlement of a rate dispute with the state for contract year 2002. On a consolidated basis, prior period development of claims reserves through June 30 was consistent between 2009 and 2008. We are currently engaged in a number of efforts to improve profitability at the California health plan.
     Washington health plan results have deteriorated as a result of a decline of approximately $9 PMPM in premium rates for our TANF, or Temporary Aid for Needy Families, population in that state. The decrease in premium rates was partially linked to a decrease in the Washington Medicaid fee schedule; developments year-to-date have shown that only about one-third of the $9 PMPM revenue decrease is being offset by reduced medical costs. This resulted in a decline in medical margin for this population of approximately $5.4 million and $10.6 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively.

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     Days in medical claims and benefits payable were 39 days at June 30, 2009, 42 days at March 31, 2009, and 47 days at June 30, 2008.
     General and Administrative Expenses
     Core G&A expenses (defined as general and administrative expenses less premium taxes) were 7.0% of revenue in the second quarter of 2009, compared with 8.2% in the second quarter of 2008 and 7.6% in the first quarter of 2009. The decrease in core G&A compared with the second quarter of 2008 was primarily due to lower administrative payroll as a percentage of revenue, as indicated in the table below.
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2009     2008  
            % of Total             % of Total  
(in thousands)   Amount     Revenue     Amount     Revenue  
Medicare-related administrative costs
  $ 3,879       0.4 %   $ 4,118       0.5 %
Non Medicare-related administrative costs:
                               
Administrative payroll, including employee incentive compensation
    49,317       5.3       48,656       6.3  
All other administrative expense
    11,815       1.3       10,129       1.4  
 
                       
Core G&A expenses
  $ 65,011       7.0 %   $ 62,903       8.2 %
 
                       
     Depreciation and Amortization
     Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.3 million in the first quarter of 2009 compared with the first quarter of 2008, due to depreciation expense relating to investments in infrastructure.
     Interest Expense
     Interest expense for both periods presented includes non-cash interest expense relating to our convertible senior notes, as a result of the adoption of FSP APB 14-1. The amounts recorded for this additional interest expense totaled $1.2 million for the second quarter of 2009 ($0.03 per diluted share) and $1.2 million for the second quarter of 2008 ($0.03 per diluted share).
     Income Taxes
     Income taxes were recorded at an effective rate of 16.8% in the second quarter of 2009 compared with 41.0% in the second quarter of 2008. The lower rate was primarily due to discrete tax benefits of $4.4 million recorded in the second quarter of 2009 as a result of settling tax examinations and the voluntary filing of certain accounting method changes. Our tax rate would have been 43.5% for the second quarter of 2009 absent these discrete tax benefits.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 Compared with Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
     The following summarizes premium revenue, medical care costs, medical care ratio, and premium taxes by health plan for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and June 30, 2008 (dollars in thousands except PMPM amounts):
                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2009  
    Premium Revenue     Medical Care Costs     Medical     Premium Tax  
    Total     PMPM     Total     PMPM     Care Ratio     Expense  
California (1)
  $ 231,953     $ 115.34     $ 215,723     $ 107.27       93.0 %   $ 6,711  
Florida (2)
    39,030       287.03       35,123       258.29       90.0        
Michigan
    269,314       216.71       222,397       178.96       82.6       15,184  
Missouri
    116,848       252.53       95,556       206.51       81.8        
Nevada
    2,724       1,220.55       1,203       539.19       44.2        
New Mexico(3)
    196,226       393.53       172,276       345.50       87.8       5,082  
Ohio
    382,107       330.46       326,419       282.30       85.4       20,923  
Texas
    67,356       354.66       52,257       275.15       77.6       1,256  

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    Six Months Ended June 30, 2009  
    Premium Revenue     Medical Care Costs     Medical     Premium Tax  
    Total     PMPM     Total     PMPM     Care Ratio     Expense  
Utah
    108,536       282.34       97,445       253.49       89.8        
Washington
    364,424       194.78       306,526       163.83       84.1       6,011  
Other (4)
    4,473             16,169                   (4 )
 
                                         
Total
  $ 1,782,991     $ 224.14     $ 1,541,094     $ 193.73       86.4 %   $ 55,163  
 
                                         
                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2008  
    Premium Revenue     Medical Care Costs     Medical     Premium Tax  
    Total     PMPM     Total     PMPM     Care Ratio     Expense  
California
  $ 205,756     $ 112.49     $ 178,103     $ 97.37       86.6 %   $ 6,201  
Florida
                                   
Michigan
    250,134       195.89       203,173       159.12       81.2       13,565  
Missouri
    106,286       236.29       91,732       203.93       86.3        
Nevada
    4,187       1,267.13       4,133       1,250.76       98.7        
New Mexico
    177,928       381.45       141,518       303.40       79.5       5,686  
Ohio
    271,720       290.54       246,354       263.42       90.7       12,277  
Texas
    49,174       288.81       37,499       220.24       76.3       936  
Utah
    72,731       226.40       64,923       202.10       89.3        
Washington
    352,817       202.97       290,353       167.03       82.3       5,838  
Other (4)
    58             9,388                   20  
 
                                         
Total
  $ 1,490,791     $ 207.33     $ 1,267,176     $ 176.23       85.0 %   $ 44,523  
 
                                         
 
(1)   The medical care ratio of the California health plan was 93.0% for the first half of 2009, up from 86.6% in first half of 2008. Rising fee-for-service costs combined with flat per member per month revenue (compared with the first half of 2008) drove the medical care ratio of the California health plan up for the first half of 2009. Absent the $5.2 million in negative prior period development experience in 2009 and the $3.2 million of revenue recognized in connection with the settlement of a rate dispute with the state, the medical care ratio for the California health plan for the first half of 2009 would have been 92.0%.
 
(2)   The Florida health plan began serving members in late December 2008.
 
(3)   The medical care ratio of the New Mexico health plan was 87.8% for the first half of 2009, up from 79.5% in the first half of 2008. During the first half of 2008, the New Mexico health plan had recognized $12.9 million of premium revenue due to the reversal of amounts previously recorded as payable to the state of New Mexico. Absent this revenue adjustment, the New Mexico health plan’s medical care ratio would have been 85.8% in the first half of 2008.
 
(4)   “Other” medical care costs represent primarily medically related administrative costs at the parent company.
     Net Income
     Net income decreased 5% to $26.8 million in the first half of 2009 compared with net income of $28.3 million in the first half of 2008. All of the factors discussed above in comparing second quarter performance between 2009 and 2008 apply to the comparison of performance between the first half of 2009 and the first half of 2008.
     Historically, we experience a decline in medical costs from the first to the second quarter. This was not the case during 2009. Although the first quarter of 2009 may have benefited from a lighter flu season, we believe the H1N1 epidemic was partially responsible for the absence of the expected seasonal drop in medical costs from the first to second quarter.
     On a consolidated basis, prior period development of claims reserves was consistent over both years. As discussed above, however, we have determined that claims reserves for the California health plan were underestimated by $5.2 million at December 31, 2008.
     Premium Revenue
     Premium revenue grew nearly 20% between the first half of 2008 and the first half of 2009. Membership grew 11% overall, with Ohio, Washington, and California gaining the most members. Consolidated premium revenue increased 8% on a PMPM basis. Increased membership contributed 59% of the growth in premium revenue.

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     Investment Income
     Investment income for the first half of 2009 was $5.6 million, a $7.1 million decrease from the $12.7 million earned in the first half of 2008. This 56% decline was primarily due to lower interest rates in 2009. Our annualized portfolio yield for the first half of 2009 decreased to 1.6%, compared with 3.5% for the first half of 2008.
     Medical Costs
     Medical costs increased approximately 10% on a PMPM basis in the first half of 2009 compared with the first half of 2008. We believe that new members and the novel H1N1 flu contributed to the increase in physician and outpatient costs.
     Physician and outpatient costs exhibited the most significant unfavorable cost trend in the first half of 2009. Together, these costs increased approximately 14% on a PMPM basis compared with the first half of 2008. Consistent with our experience in the second quarter of 2009, emergency room utilization (up approximately 8%) and cost per visit (up approximately 13%) were primary drivers of increased cost in the first half of 2009.
     During the first half of 2009, we observed providers billing for more intensive levels of care than in the first half of 2008.  The billing codes for emergency room level of care – with level one reflecting the least intensive care and level five reflecting the most intensive care – changed significantly in the first half of 2009 compared with the first half of 2008.  As indicated in the following table, level one and level two visits decreased by 16% and 10%, respectively, while level three, level four, and level five visits increased by 13%, 13%, and 18%, respectively.
                                         
    Emergency Room Visits per 1,000
    Level
    1   2   3   4   5
1st Half 2009 v. 1st Half 2008
    (16 %)     (10 %)     13 %     13 %     18 %
     Inpatient costs increased approximately 4% PMPM year over year. Inpatient facility utilization increased approximately 8% while unit costs were essentially flat.
     Pharmacy costs increased approximately 4% PMPM year over year. Pharmacy utilization increased approximately 6% year over year while unit costs (excluding rebates) increased by approximately 2%.
     Capitated costs increased approximately 11% PMPM year over year as a result of the payment of $21.9 million in retroactive capitation in New Mexico as discussed above and the transition of members into capitated arrangements in California.
     General and Administrative Expenses
     Core G&A expenses were 7.3% of revenue in the first half of 2009, compared with 8.0% in the first half of 2008. The decrease in core G&A compared with the first half of 2008 was primarily due to lower administrative payroll as a percentage of revenue, as indicated in the table below.
                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2009     2008  
            % of Total             % of Total  
    Amount     Revenue     Amount     Revenue  
    (in thousands)             (in thousands)          
Medicare-related administrative costs
  $ 8,847       0.5 %   $ 9,410       0.6 %
Non Medicare-related administrative costs:
                               
Administrative payroll, including employee incentive compensation
    98,316       5.5       92,603       6.2  
All other administrative expense
    23,255       1.3       18,630       1.2  
 
                       
Core G&A expenses
  $ 130,418       7.3 %   $ 120,643       8.0 %
 
                       
     Depreciation and Amortization
     Depreciation and amortization expense increased $2.2 million in the first half of 2009 compared with the first half of 2008, due to depreciation expense relating to investments in infrastructure.

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     Interest Expense
     Interest expense for both periods presented includes non-cash interest expense relating to our convertible senior notes, as a result of the adoption of FSP APB 14-1. The amounts recorded for this additional interest expense totaled approximately $2.4 million for the first half of 2009 ($0.06 per diluted share) and $2.3 million for the first half of 2008 ($0.05 per diluted share).
     Income Taxes
     Income taxes were recorded at an effective rate of 29.9% for the first half of 2009 compared with 40.9% recorded in the first half of 2008. The lower rate was primarily due to discrete tax benefits of $4.4 million recorded in the second quarter of 2009 as a result of settling tax examinations and the voluntary filing of certain accounting method changes. Our tax rate would have been 42% for the first half of 2009 absent these discrete tax benefits.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
     We manage our cash, investments, and capital structure to meet the short- and long-term obligations of our business while maintaining liquidity and financial flexibility. We forecast, analyze, and monitor our cash flows to enable prudent investment management and financing within the confines of our financial strategy.
     Our regulated subsidiaries generate significant cash flows from premium revenue and investment income. Such cash flows are our primary source of liquidity. Thus, any future decline in our profitability may have a negative impact on our liquidity. We generally receive premium revenue in advance of the payment of claims for the related health care services. A majority of the assets held by our regulated subsidiaries are in the form of cash, cash equivalents and investments. After considering expected cash flows from operating activities, we generally invest cash of regulated subsidiaries that exceeds our expected short-term obligations in longer term, investment-grade, marketable debt securities to improve our overall investment return. Professional portfolio managers operating under documented guidelines manage our investments. These investments are made pursuant to board approved investment policies that conform to applicable state laws and regulations. Our investment policies are designed to provide liquidity, preserve capital, and maximize total return on invested assets, all in a manner consistent with state requirements that prescribe the types of instruments in which our subsidiaries may invest. These investment policies require that our investments have final maturities of ten years or less (excluding auction rate securities and variable rate securities, for which interest rates are periodically reset) and that the average maturity be four years or less. Our restricted investments, classified as non-current assets and designated as held-to-maturity, consist of interest-bearing deposits and U.S. treasury securities required by the respective states in which we operate. These states also prescribe the types of instruments in which our subsidiaries may invest their funds.
     Investments and restricted investments are subject to interest rate risk and may decrease in value if market rates increase. Declines in interest rates over time will reduce our investment income.
     Cash in excess of the capital needs of our regulated health plans is generally paid to our non-regulated parent company in the form of dividends, when and as permitted by applicable regulations, for general corporate use.
     As of June 30, 2009, we had cash and cash equivalents of $417.8 million, investments totaling $242.4 million, and restricted investments of $44.7 million. The cash equivalents consist of highly liquid securities with original or purchase date remaining maturities of up to three months that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash. Our unrestricted investments consisted solely of investment grade debt securities, designated primarily as available-for-sale. Of the $242.4 million total, $180.4 million are classified as current assets, and $62.0 million are investments in auction rate securities which are classified as non-current assets. For a comprehensive discussion of our auction rate securities, see “Fair Value Measurements,” below.
     Cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2009 was $94.8 million, compared with cash provided by operating activities of $39.3 million for the same period in 2008, an increase of $55.5 million. Significant contributors to this increase included the following:

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    Increased deferred revenue of approximately $44.6 million, primarily due to the timing of the Ohio health plan’s receipts of premium payments from the state of Ohio; and
 
    Increased medical claims and benefits payable of approximately $22.3 million, primarily due to the commencement of operations of our Florida health plan in 2009.
These increases were offset by increased receivables of approximately $20.8 million, primarily in California and Utah.
     Cash used in investing activities was $27.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, a $16.3 million decrease compared with $44.2 million used in investing activities for the same period in 2008. The decrease was primarily due to a decline in purchases of investments.
     Cash used in financing activities totaled $36.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, compared with $28.8 million used in financing activities in 2008. The primary use of cash in both 2009 and 2008 was under our securities purchase programs, where we purchased $27.7 million and $30.0 million of our common stock in 2009, and 2008, respectively. In 2009, we additionally purchased, as described further below, convertible senior notes totaling $9.7 million ($9.8 million with accrued interest).
     The securities and credit markets have been experiencing extreme volatility and disruption over the past year, and as a result the availability of credit has been severely restricted. Such conditions may persist throughout 2009. In the event we need access to additional capital to pay our operating expenses, make payments on our indebtedness, pay capital expenditures, or fund acquisitions, our ability to obtain such capital may be limited and the cost of any such capital may be significant, particularly if we are unable to access our existing credit facility. While we have not attempted to access the credit markets recently, we believe that if credit could be obtained, the terms and costs of such credit would be significantly less favorable to us than what was obtained in our most recent financings.
EBITDA (1)
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,     June 30,  
    2009     2008     2009     2008  
    (In thousands)  
Operating income
  $ 20,726     $ 30,258     $ 44,841     $ 54,709  
Add back:
                               
Depreciation and amortization expense
    9,584       8,330       18,636       16,482  
 
                       
EBITDA
  $ 30,310     $ 38,588     $ 63,477     $ 71,191  
 
                       
 
(1)   We calculate EBITDA by adding back depreciation and amortization expense to operating income. EBITDA is not prepared in conformity with GAAP since it excludes depreciation and amortization expense, as well as interest expense, and the provision for income taxes. This non-GAAP financial measure should not be considered as an alternative to net income, operating income, operating margin, or cash provided by operating activities. Management uses EBITDA as a supplemental metric in evaluating our financial performance, in evaluating financing and business development decisions, and in forecasting and analyzing future periods. For these reasons, management believes that EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure to investors in evaluating our performance and the performance of other companies in our industry.
     Securities Purchase Program. Under the $25 million securities purchase program announced in January 2009, we purchased and retired $13.0 million face amount of our convertible senior notes during the first quarter. We purchased the notes at an average price of $74.25 per $100 principal amount, for a total of $9.8 million, including accrued interest. The gain recognized during the quarter on the purchase of the notes was $1.5 million, or approximately $0.04 per diluted share. Also during the first quarter of 2009, we purchased approximately 808,000 shares of our common stock for $15 million (average cost of approximately $18.53 per share).

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     In March 2009, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to an additional $25 million in aggregate of either our common stock or our convertible senior notes. The purchase program has been and will be funded with working capital, and purchases may be made from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Under this purchase program, we purchased approximately 544,000 shares of common stock for $12.7 million (average cost of approximately $23.41 per share) in the second quarter of 2009. A total of approximately $12.3 million currently remains available under our current securities purchase program. The purchase program extends through December 31, 2009, but we reserve the right to suspend or discontinue the program at any time.
     Shelf Registration Statement. In December 2008, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the Securities and Exchange Commission covering the issuance of up to $300 million of our securities, including common stock, warrants, or debt securities, and up to 250,000 shares of outstanding common stock that may be sold from time to time by the Molina Siblings Trust. We may publicly offer securities from time to time at prices and terms to be determined at the time of the offering.
     Credit Facility. We have a $200 million credit facility. Borrowings under this credit facility are based, at our election, on the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, or the base rate plus an applicable margin. As of June 30, 2009, there were no amounts outstanding under this credit facility.
     At June 30, 2009, we had working capital of $312.2 million compared with $345.2 million at December 31, 2008. At June 30, 2009, the parent company (Molina Healthcare, Inc.) had cash and investments of approximately $48.7 million, including $18.4 million in auction rate securities. We believe that our cash resources and internally generated funds will be sufficient to support our operations, regulatory requirements, and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.
Fair Value Measurements
     We adopted SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157) as of January 1, 2008. SFAS 157 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. FASB FSP 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, applies to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, and was effective January 1, 2009. The adoption of this standard had no impact on us in the first half of 2009.
     As of June 30, 2009, we held certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These included investments and restricted investments as follows:
     
Balance Sheet Classification   Description
Current assets:
   
Investments
  Investment grade debt securities; designated as available-for-sale; reported at fair value based on market prices that are readily available (Level 1).
 
   
Non-current assets:
   
Investments
  Auction rate securities; designated as available-for-sale; reported at fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other type of valuation model (Level 3).
 
   
 
  Auction rate securities; designated as trading; reported at fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other type of valuation model (Level 3).
 
   
Other assets
  Other assets include auction rate securities rights (the “Rights”); reported at fair value based on discounted cash flow analysis or other type of valuation model (Level 3).
 
   
Restricted investments
  Interest-bearing deposits and U.S. treasury securities required by the respective states in which we operate, or required by contractual arrangement with a third party such as a provider group; designated as held-to-maturity; reported at amortized cost which approximates market value and based on market prices that are readily available (Level 1).

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     As of June 30, 2009, $70.1 million par value (fair value of $62.0 million) of our investments consisted of auction rate securities, all of which were collateralized by student loan portfolios guaranteed by the U.S. government. We continued to earn interest on substantially all of these auction rate securities as of June 30, 2009. Due to events in the credit markets, the auction rate securities held by us experienced failed auctions beginning in the first quarter of 2008. As such, quoted prices in active markets were not readily available during the majority of 2008, and continued to be unavailable as of June 30, 2009. To estimate the fair value of these securities, we used pricing models that included factors such as the collateral underlying the securities, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, and the expectation of the next time the security would have a successful auction. The estimated values of these securities were also compared, when possible, to valuation data with respect to similar securities held by other parties. We concluded that these estimates, given the lack of market available pricing, provided a reasonable basis for determining fair value of the auction rate securities as of June 30, 2009. For our investments in auction rate securities, we do not intend to sell, nor is it more likely than not that we will be required to sell, these investments before recovery of their cost.
     As of June 30, 2009, we held $42.5 million par value (fair value of $38.5 million) auction rate securities (designated as trading securities) with a certain investment securities firm. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we entered into a rights agreement with this firm that (1) allows us to exercise rights (the “Rights”) to sell the eligible auction rate securities at par value to this firm between June 30, 2010 and July 2, 2012, and (2) gives the investment securities firm the right to purchase the auction rate securities from us any time after the agreement date as long as we receive the par value.
     We have accounted for the Rights as a freestanding financial instrument and have elected to record the value of the Rights under the fair value option of SFAS 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The fair value of the Rights was $3.6 million at June 30, 2009. To determine the fair value estimate of the Rights, we use a discounted cash-flow model based on the expectation that the auction rate securities will be put back to the investment securities firm at par on June 30, 2010, as permitted by the rights agreement.
     For the three months ended June 30, 2009, we recorded a nominal pretax loss on the auction rate securities underlying the Rights, which was offset by a nominal pretax gain on the Rights. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, we recorded pretax gains of $3.6 million on the auction rate securities underlying the Rights. We expect that the future changes in the fair value of the Rights will continue to be substantially offset by the fair value movements in the underlying auction rate securities.
     As of June 30, 2009, the remainder of our auction rate securities (designated as available-for-sale securities) amounted to $27.6 million par value (fair value of $23.5 million). As a result of the increase in fair value of auction rate securities designated as available-for-sale, we recorded unrealized gains of $0.6 million ($0.4 million, net of tax) to accumulated other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2009. We recorded unrealized losses of $5.0 million ($3.1 million, net of tax) to other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2008. We have deemed these unrealized losses to be temporary and attribute the decline in value to liquidity issues, as a result of the failed auction market, rather than to credit issues. Any future fluctuation in fair value related to these instruments that we deem to be temporary, including any recoveries of previous write-downs, would be recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss. If we determine that any future valuation adjustment was other-than-temporary, we would record a charge to earnings as appropriate.
Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions
     Our principal operations are conducted through our 10 health plans operating in California, Florida, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, Utah, and Washington. The health plans are subject to state laws that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of statutory capital, as defined by each state, and may restrict the timing, payment, and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid to Molina Healthcare, Inc. as the sole stockholder of each of our health plans.
     The National Association of Insurance Commissioners, or NAIC, has established model rules which, if adopted by a particular state, set minimum capitalization requirements for health plans and other insurance entities bearing

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risk for health care coverage. The requirements take the form of risk-based capital, or RBC, rules. These rules, which vary slightly from state to state, have been adopted in Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, Utah, and Washington. California, Florida, and Missouri have not adopted RBC rules, but have established their own minimum capitalization requirements.
     At June 30, 2009, our health plans had aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $361.7 million, representing 170% of the required minimum aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $213.3 million. The net assets in our health plans that may not be transferable to us in the form of cash dividends, loans, or advances, were $347.7 million at June 30, 2009, and $355.0 million at December 31, 2008. All of our health plans were in compliance with the minimum capital requirements at June 30, 2009. We have the ability and commitment to provide additional capital to each of our health plans when necessary to ensure that they continue to meet statutory and regulatory capital requirements.
Contractual Obligations
     In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, we reported on our contractual obligations as of that date. There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations since that report.
Critical Accounting Policies
     When we prepare our consolidated financial statements, we use estimates and assumptions that may affect reported amounts and disclosures. The determination of our liability for claims and medical benefits payable is particularly important to the determination of our financial position and results of operations in any given period. Such determination of our liability requires the application of a significant degree of judgment by our management.
     As a result, the determination of our liability for claims and medical benefits payable is subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Our medical care costs include amounts that have been paid by us through the reporting date, as well as estimated liabilities for medical care costs incurred but not paid by us as of the reporting date. Such medical care cost liabilities include, among other items, unpaid fee-for-service claims, capitation payments owed providers, unpaid pharmacy invoices, and various medically related administrative costs that have been incurred but not paid. We use judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions for determining the required estimates.
     The most important element in estimating our medical care costs is our estimate for fee-for-service claims which have been incurred but not paid by us. These fee-for-service costs that have been incurred but have not been paid at the reporting date are collectively referred to as medical costs that are “Incurred But Not Paid,” or IBNP. Our IBNP, as reported on our balance sheet, represents our best estimate of the total amount of claims we will ultimately pay with respect to claims that we have incurred as of the balance sheet date. We estimate our IBNP monthly using actuarial methods based on a number of factors. Our estimated IBNP liability represented $245.0 million of our total medical claims and benefits payable of $308.7 million as of June 30, 2009. Excluding amounts related to our cost-plus Medicaid contract in Utah and amounts that we anticipate paying on behalf of a capitated provider in Ohio (which we will subsequently withhold from that provider’s monthly capitation payment), our IBNP liability at June 30, 2009 was $217.0 million.
     The factors we consider when estimating our IBNP include, without limitation, claims receipt and payment experience (and variations in that experience), changes in membership, provider billing practices, health care service utilization trends, cost trends, product mix, seasonality, prior authorization of medical services, benefit changes, known outbreaks of disease or increased incidence of illness such as influenza, provider contract changes, changes to Medicaid fee schedules, and the incidence of high dollar or catastrophic claims. Our assessment of these factors is then translated into an estimate of our IBNP liability at the relevant measuring point through the calculation of a base estimate of IBNP, a further reserve for adverse claims development, and an estimate of the administrative costs of settling all claims incurred through the reporting date. The base estimate of IBNP is derived through application of claims payment completion factors and trended per member per month (PMPM) cost estimates.
     For the fifth month of service prior to the reporting date and earlier, we estimate our outstanding claims liability based on actual claims paid, adjusted for estimated completion factors. Completion factors seek to measure the cumulative percentage of claims expense that will have been paid for a given month of service as of the reporting date, based on historical payment patterns.

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     The following table reflects the change in our estimate of claims liability as of June 30, 2009 that would have resulted had we changed our completion factors for the fifth through the twelfth months preceding June 30, 2009, by the percentages indicated. A reduction in the completion factor results in an increase in medical claims liabilities. Our Utah health plan is excluded from these calculations, because the majority of the Utah business is conducted under a cost-plus reimbursement contract. Dollar amounts are in thousands.
         
(Decrease) Increase in   Increase (Decrease) in
Estimated   Medical Claims and
Completion Factors   Benefits Payable
(6)%
  $ 65,421  
(4)%
    43,614  
(2)%
    21,807  
2%
    (21,807 )
4%
    (43,614 )
6%
    (65,421 )
     For the four months of service immediately prior to the reporting date, actual claims paid are not a reliable measure of our ultimate liability, given the inherent delay between the patient/physician encounter and the actual submission of a claim for payment. For these months of service, we estimate our claims liability based on trended PMPM cost estimates. These estimates are designed to reflect recent trends in payments and expense, utilization patterns, authorized services, and other relevant factors. The following table reflects the change in our estimate of claims liability as of June 30, 2009 that would have resulted had we altered our trend factors by the percentages indicated. An increase in the PMPM costs results in an increase in medical claims liabilities. Our Utah health plan is excluded from these calculations because the majority of the Utah business is conducted under a cost-plus reimbursement contract. Dollar amounts are in thousands.
         
(Decrease) Increase in   (Decrease) Increase in
Trended Per member Per Month   Medical Claims and
Cost Estimates   Benefits Payable
(6)%
  $ (38,042 )
(4)%
    (25,362 )
(2)%
    (12,681 )
2%
    12,681  
4%
    25,362  
6%
    38,042  
     The following per-share amounts are based on a combined federal and state statutory tax rate of 38%, and 26.2 million diluted shares outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2009. Assuming a hypothetical 1% change in completion factors from those used in our calculation of IBNP at June 30, 2009, net income for the six months ended June 30, 2009 would increase or decrease by approximately $6.8 million, or $0.26 per diluted share, net of tax. Assuming a hypothetical 1% change in PMPM cost estimates from those used in our calculation of IBNP at June 30, 2009, net income for the six months ended June 30, 2009 would increase or decrease by approximately $3.9 million, or $0.15 per diluted share, net of tax. The corresponding figures for a 5% change in completion factors and PMPM cost estimates would be $33.8 million, or $1.29 per diluted share, net of tax, and $19.7 million, or $0.75 per diluted share, net of tax, respectively.
     It is important to note that any change in the estimate of either completion factors or trended PMPM costs would usually be accompanied by a change in the estimate of the other component, and that a change in one component would almost always compound rather than offset the resulting distortion to net income. When completion factors are overestimated, trended PMPM costs tend to be underestimated. Both circumstances will create an overstatement of net income. Likewise, when completion factors are underestimated, trended PMPM costs tend to be overestimated, creating an understatement of net income. In other words, errors in estimates involving both completion factors and trended PMPM costs will usually act to drive estimates of claims liabilities and medical care

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costs in the same direction. If completion factors were overestimated by 1%, resulting in an overstatement of net income by approximately $6.8 million, it is likely that trended PMPM costs would be underestimated, resulting in an additional overstatement of net income.
     After we have established our base IBNP reserve through the application of completion factors and trended PMPM cost estimates, we then compute an additional liability, once again using actuarial techniques, to account for adverse developments in our claims payments which the base actuarial model is not intended to and does not account for. We refer to this additional liability as the provision for adverse claims development. The provision for adverse claims development is a component of our overall determination of the adequacy of our IBNP. It is intended to capture the potential inadequacy of our IBNP estimate as a result of our inability to adequately assess the impact of factors such as changes in the speed of claims receipt and payment, the relative magnitude or severity of claims, known outbreaks of disease such as influenza, our entry into new geographical markets, our provision of services to new populations such as the aged, blind or disabled (ABD), changes to state-controlled fee schedules upon which much of our provider payments are based, modifications and upgrades to our claims processing systems and practices, and increasing medical costs. Because of the complexity of our business, the number of states in which we operate, and the need to account for different health care benefit packages among those states, we make an overall assessment of IBNP after considering the base actuarial model reserves and the provision for adverse claims development. We also include in our IBNP liability an estimate of the administrative costs of settling all claims incurred through the reporting date. The development of IBNP is a continuous process that we monitor and refine on a monthly basis as additional claims payment information becomes available. As additional information becomes known to us, we adjust our actuarial model accordingly to establish IBNP.
     On a monthly basis, we review and update our estimated IBNP and the methods used to determine that liability. Any adjustments, if appropriate, are reflected in the period known. While we believe our current estimates are adequate, we have in the past been required to increase significantly our claims reserves for periods previously reported, and may be required to do so again in the future. Any significant increases to prior period claims reserves would materially decrease reported earnings for the period in which the adjustment is made.
     In our judgment, the estimates for completion factors will likely prove to be more accurate than trended PMPM cost estimates because estimated completion factors are subject to fewer variables in their determination. Specifically, completion factors are developed over long periods of time, and are most likely to be affected by changes in claims receipt and payment experience and by provider billing practices. Trended PMPM cost estimates, while affected by the same factors, will also be influenced by health care service utilization trends, cost trends, product mix, seasonality, prior authorization of medical services, benefit changes, outbreaks of disease or increased incidence of illness, provider contract changes, changes to Medicaid fee schedules, and the incidence of high dollar or catastrophic claims. As discussed above, however, errors in estimates involving trended PMPM costs will almost always be accompanied by errors in estimates involving completion factors, and vice versa. In such circumstances, errors in estimation involving both completion factors and trended PMPM costs will act to drive estimates of claims liabilities (and therefore medical care costs) in the same direction.
     Assuming that base reserves have been adequately set, we believe that amounts ultimately paid out should generally be between 8% and 10% less than the liability recorded at the end of the period as a result of the inclusion in that liability of the allowance for adverse claims development and the accrued cost of settling those claims. However, there can be no assurance that amounts ultimately paid out will not be higher or lower than this 8% to 10% range, as shown by our results for the year ended December 31, 2007, when the amounts ultimately paid out were less than the amount of the reserves we had established as of the beginning of that year by 19.9%.
     Additionally, our estimate of the amount that will ultimately be paid out in satisfaction of the liability recorded at the end of any period will change over time as more information becomes available. For example, as noted above, the amount we paid out in satisfaction of our liability at December 31, 2007 was 19.9% less than the liability originally recorded at December 31, 2007. At June 30, 2008, we had estimated that the ultimate payout of the December 31, 2007 liability would be 15.5% less than the original liability.
     As of June 30, 2009, we estimate that the total payout in satisfaction of the liability established for claims and medical benefits payable at December 31, 2008 will be approximately 15.9% less than the amount originally recorded. As noted above, however, this estimate may change during the course of the year as more information becomes available.

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     The overestimation of our liability for claims and medical benefits payable at December 31, 2008 led to the recognition of a benefit from prior period claims development for the six months ended June 30, 2009. The overestimation of the claims liability at our Michigan, New Mexico, Ohio, and Washington health plans was principally the cause of the recognition of a benefit from prior period claims development. This was partially offset by the underestimation of our claims liability at December 31, 2008 at our California health plan:
    In Michigan, we underestimated the impact of a steep drop in claims inventory during December 2008, thereby overestimating our liability at December 31, 2008.
    In New Mexico, we overestimated at December 31, 2008 the ultimate amounts we would need to pay to resolve certain high dollar provider claims, thereby overestimating our liability at December 31, 2008.
 
    In Ohio, we underestimated the degree to which certain operational initiatives had reduced our medical costs in the last few months of 2008, thereby overestimating our liability at December 31, 2008.
 
    In Washington, we overestimated the impact that certain adverse utilization trends would have on our liability at December 31, 2008, thereby overestimating our liability at December 31, 2008.
 
    In California, we underestimated utilization trends at the end of 2008, leading to an underestimation of our liability at December 31, 2008. Additionally, we underestimated the impact that certain delays in the receipt of paper claims would have on our liability, leading to a further underestimation of our liability at December 31, 2008.
     The recognition of a benefit from prior period claims development did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations in either 2008 or 2007.
     As of June 30, 2009, we estimate that the total payout in satisfaction of the liability established for claims and medical benefits payable at March 31, 2009 will be approximately 7.6% less than amount originally recorded. In other words, the estimated liability at March 31, 2009 appears to have been much closer to the ultimate amount owed than was the liability recorded at December 31, 2008. We maintained a consistent reserving methodology between December 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009, and believe the smaller difference between our original estimate and our current estimate of our liability at March 31, 2009 (as compared with the difference between or original estimate of claims liability at December 31, 2008 and our current estimate of that liability) was due to:
    The impact upon our liability of the rapid growth of membership across nearly all of our health plans that we experienced between December 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009.
 
    The impact upon our liability of the growth in claims inventory across nearly all of our health plans between December 31, 2008 and March 31, 2009.
 
    The impact upon our liability from increased utilization of medical services in the first quarter of 2009 compared with the first quarter of 2008.
In estimating our claims liability at June 30, 2009, we adjusted our base calculation to take account of the impact of the following factors which we believe are reasonably likely to change our final claims liability amount:
    The rapid growth of membership across nearly all of our health plans since December 31, 2008.
 
    A substantial decrease in claims inventory at our Michigan, New Mexico, Ohio and Washington health plans during the latter part of the second quarter of 2009.
 
    The impact of the novel influenza A (H1N1) outbreak during the second quarter of 2009.
 
    The degree of change in the utilization of medical services and the cost per unit of those services between the first half of 2008 and the first half of 2009.
     Any absence of adverse claims development (as well as the expensing through general and administrative expense of the costs to settle claims held at the start of the period) will lead to the recognition of a benefit from prior period claims development in the period subsequent to the date of the original estimate. However, that benefit will affect current period earnings only to the extent that the replenishment of the reserve for adverse claims development (and the re-accrual of administrative costs for the settlement of those claims) is less than the benefit recognized from the prior period liability.
     We seek to maintain a consistent claims reserving methodology across all periods. Accordingly, any prior period benefit from an un-utilized reserve for adverse claims development may be offset by the establishment of a new reserve in an approximately equal amount (relative to premium revenue, medical care costs, and medical claims and benefits payable) in the current period, and thus the impact on earnings for the current period may be minimal.
     The following table presents the components of the change in our medical claims and benefits payable for the periods indicated. The negative amounts displayed for “components of medical care costs related to prior years” represent the amount by which our original estimate of claims and benefits payable at the beginning of the period exceeded the actual amount of the liability based on information (principally the payment of claims) developed since that liability was first reported. The benefit of this prior period development may be offset by the addition of a reserve for adverse claims development when estimating the liability at the end of the period (captured as a “component of medical care costs related to current year”).

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          As of and for  
    As of and for the     the Year Ended  
    Six Months Ended June 30,     December 31,  
    2009     2008     2008  
    (Dollars in thousands, except per-member amounts)  
 
                       
Balances at beginning of period
  $ 292,442     $ 311,606     $ 311,606  
Components of medical care costs related to:
                       
Current year
    1,587,469       1,315,469       2,683,399  
Prior years
    (46,375 )     (48,293 )     (62,087 )
 
                 
Total medical care costs
    1,541,094       1,267,176       2,621,312  
 
                 
Payments for medical care costs related to:
                       
Current year
    1,297,946       1,043,522       2,413,128  
Prior years
    226,883       229,719       227,348  
 
                 
Total paid
    1,524,829       1,273,241       2,640,476  
 
                 
Balances at end of period
  $ 308,707     $ 305,541     $ 292,442  
 
                 
 
Benefit from prior period as a percentage of:
                       
Balance at beginning of period
    15.9 %     15.5 %     19.9 %
Premium revenue
    2.6 %     3.2 %     2.0 %
Total medical care costs
    3.0 %     3.8 %     2.4 %
Days in claims payable
    39       47       41  
Number of members at end of period
    1,368,000       1,234,000       1,256,000  
Fee-for-service claims processing and inventory information:
                       
Number of claims in inventory at end of period
    117,100       151,500       87,300  
Billed charges of claims in inventory at end of period
  $ 173,400     $ 209,100     $ 115,400  
Claims in inventory per member at end of period
    0.09       0.12       0.07  
Billed charges of claims in inventory per member at end of period
  $ 126.75     $ 169.45     $ 91.88  
Number of claims received during the period
    6,287,300       5,483,600       11,095,100  
Billed charges of claims received during the period
  $ 4,707,200     $ 3,758,600     $ 7,794,900  
Inflation
     We use various strategies to mitigate the negative effects of health care cost inflation. Specifically, our health plans try to control medical and hospital costs through contracts with independent providers of health care services. Through these contracted providers, our health plans emphasize preventive health care and appropriate use of specialty and hospital services. There can be no assurance, however, that our strategies to mitigate health care cost inflation will be successful. Competitive pressures, new health care and pharmaceutical product introductions, demands from health care providers and customers, applicable regulations, or other factors may affect our ability to control health care costs.
Compliance Costs
     Our health plans are regulated by both state and federal government agencies. Regulation of managed care products and health care services is an evolving area of law that varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Regulatory agencies generally have discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce laws and rules. Changes in applicable laws and rules occur frequently. Compliance with such laws and rules may lead to additional costs related to the implementation of additional systems, procedures and programs that we have not yet identified.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
     Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables, and restricted investments. We invest a substantial portion of our cash in the PFM Fund Prime Series — Cash Management Class, PFM Fund Prime Series — Institutional Class, and the PFM Fund Government Series. These funds represent a portfolio of highly liquid money market securities that are

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managed by PFM Asset Management LLC (PFM), a Virginia business trust registered as an open-end management investment fund. Our investments and a portion of our cash equivalents are managed by professional portfolio managers operating under documented investment guidelines. No investment that is in a loss position can be sold by our managers without our prior approval. Our investments consist solely of investment grade debt securities with a maximum maturity of ten years and an average duration of four years. Restricted investments are invested principally in certificates of deposit and treasury securities. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited due to payors consisting principally of the governments of each state in which our health plans operate.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
     Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has concluded, based upon its evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, that the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
     Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting: There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2009 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
     The health care industry is subject to numerous laws and regulations of federal, state, and local governments. Compliance with these laws and regulations can be subject to government review and interpretation, as well as regulatory actions unknown and unasserted at this time. Penalties associated with violations of these laws and regulations include significant fines and penalties, exclusion from participating in publicly funded programs, and the repayment of previously billed and collected revenues.
     We are involved in various legal actions in the normal course of business, some of which seek monetary damages that are not covered by insurance. These actions, when finally concluded and determined, are not likely, in our opinion, to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
      Certain risk factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations. In addition to the information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the risk factors identified and discussed in Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and in Part II, Item 1A — Risk Factors, in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009. In addition to those risk factors, the following risk factors have also been identified by the Company. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
If provider payment levels under the Washington Medicaid fee schedule are not reduced commensurate with the 7.5% July 1st rate cut to our Washington health plan, our operating results could be adversely affected.
     The rates paid to our Washington health plan by the State of Washington were decreased by approximately 7.5% effective as of July 1, 2009. Substantially all of this rate decrease is expected to be passed on to providers in the form of lower provider payments by means of reductions made to the Washington Medicaid fee schedule. However, on February 1, 2009, the State of Washington had implemented an earlier rate decrease for health plans that at the time was also intended to be passed on to providers in the form of lower provider payments under the Washington Medicaid fee schedule. That February 1, 2009 rate decrease lowered the amount paid to our Washington health plan by approximately $9 PMPM. However, developments year-to-date have shown that only about one-third of the $9 PMPM revenue decrease to the health plan has been offset by reduced medical costs. This has resulted in a decline in medical margin at the Washington health plan of approximately $10.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009. In the event the full amount of the 7.5% rate cut paid to our Washington health plan is not passed along to providers, our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations could be adversely affected.
There are risks associated with the transition of our Utah health plan from a non-risk to a prepaid capitation contract.
     Since 2002, our Utah health plan has operated on a non-risk basis, where the health plan is paid based on its actual medical costs plus a specified additional percentage for administrative costs and profit. The Utah health plan has now negotiated a prepaid capitation contract with the State of Utah under which it will be paid a fixed PMPM amount. Once the new contract becomes effective, the Utah health plan will be at risk for medical costs in excess of its revenues. The new contract is expected to become effective as of September 1, 2009. In the event the Utah health plan’s medical costs materially exceed its projections or its PMPM revenues are otherwise inadequate to cover its medical costs, the resulting losses by the Utah health plan could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
The accounting reversal of any tax benefits or revenue previously recognized by the Company could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
     As of June 30, 2009, the Company recorded $4.4 million in discrete tax benefits. Approximately $3.5 million of this amount related to the settlement of a tax examination regarding our acquisition of the Michigan Cape Health Plan in May 2006. As of March 31, 2009, the Company had recorded a liability of $4.2 million for unrecognized tax benefits under FASB Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, as a result of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Notice of Proposed Adjustment regarding certain deductions claimed by Cape. Thereafter, the Company engaged in the Fast Track Settlement process with the IRS pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2003-40. Pursuant to that settlement process, in June 2009 the Company and the IRS agreed to settle the matter for $700,000. As a result of information obtained during the examination and settlement process, the Company reassessed the amount accrued for unrecognized tax benefits relating to this matter and concluded that it was appropriate to reverse $3.5 million. Pursuant to Section 5.08 of Rev. Proc. 2003-40, the settlement reached with the IRS is subject to review by the Joint Committee of Taxation. The Company believes that it is unlikely the Joint Committee of Taxation will re-determine the amount of the settlement because the matter at issue is based primarily on the particular facts of the matter at issue rather than on the proper interpretation and application of tax law. However, in the event the Joint Committee of Taxation elects to re-determine the amount of the settlement or the IRS otherwise decides to re-examine the issue, the final tax liability of the Company could be greater than as provided under the settlement with the IRS, and the Company’s second quarter recordation of $3.5 million in tax benefits may be subject to partial or total reversal. The subsequent accounting reversal or adjustment of any tax benefits or revenue previously recognized by the Company, including, without limitation, the $3.5 million tax benefit related to the Cape transaction, or the $3.2 million in revenue recognized by the California health plan in the second quarter of 2009 in connection with the settlement of a rate dispute, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
     In January 2009, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $25 million in aggregate of either our common stock or our 3.75% convertible senior notes due 2014. Under this program, we purchased and retired $13.0 million face amount of our convertible senior notes during the first quarter of 2009. We purchased the notes at an average price of $74.25 per $100 principal amount, for a total of $9.8 million, including accrued interest. Additionally, we purchased approximately 808,000 shares of common stock for $15 million (average cost of approximately $18.53 per share). This repurchase program was funded with working capital, and repurchases were made from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions.
     In March 2009, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to an additional $25 million in aggregate of either our common stock or our convertible senior notes. The purchase program has been and will be funded with working capital, and purchases may be made from time to time on the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The purchase program extends through December 31, 2009, but we reserve the right to suspend or discontinue the program at any time.
     Under this program, during the second quarter of 2009, we repurchased approximately 544,000 shares of our common stock for $12.7 million (average cost of approximately $23.41 per share). Purchases of common stock made by or on behalf of the Company during the quarter ended June 30, 2009 are set forth below:
                                 
                    Total Number of   Maximum Number (or
                    Shares Purchased as   Approximate Dollar Value)
    Total Number           Part of Publicly   of Shares That May Yet Be
    of Shares   Average Price   Announced Plans or   Purchased Under the Plans
    Purchased   Paid per Share   Programs   or Programs
April 1 — April 30, 2009
                    $ 25,200,000  
May 1 — May 31, 2009
    340,304     $ 23.45       340,304     $ 17,200,000  
June 1 — June 30, 2009
    203,822     $ 23.34       203,822     $ 12,300,000  
         
Total
    544,126     $ 23.41       544,126     $ 12,300,000  
         

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Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
     At our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on April 28, 2009, our stockholders elected two Class I directors as follows:
                 
Director   Votes For   Votes Withheld
Frank E. Murray, M.D.
    24,345,988       144,936  
John P. Szabo
    24,284,266       206,658  
     The two directors’ terms as Class I directors shall continue until the 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. There were no additional matters voted upon at the Annual Meeting.
Item 5. Other Information.
     None.
Item 6. Exhibits
     A list of exhibits required to be filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is set forth in the Index to Exhibits, which immediately precedes such exhibits, and is incorporated herein by this reference.

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SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
  MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC.
(Registrant)
 
 
  /s/ JOSEPH M. MOLINA, M.D.    
  Joseph M. Molina, M.D.   
  Chairman of the Board,
Chief Executive Officer and President
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
Dated: August 7, 2009
         
     
  /s/ JOHN C. MOLINA, J.D.    
  John C. Molina, J.D.   
  Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
Dated: August 7, 2009

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EXHIBIT INDEX
     
Exhibit No.   Title
31.1
  Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
   
31.2
  Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
   
32.1
  Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
   
32.2
  Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

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